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Heat
1. A form of energy.
2. Derived quantity.
3. Unit: Joule (J)
4. No specific measuring equipment
Convection
Heat is transferred from one place to
another place by the actual motion of a
hot fluid
Convection dominant form of heat
transfer in liquids and gasses.
Examples: The cooling system of a
car, in which water is circulated
between the hot engine block and the
radiator. In the radiator, the convected
heat is conducted through thin-walled
Radiation
Heat energy is transferred by
electromagnetic radiation
No
transmission
required.
medium
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Q = mc
m = mass (kg)
c = specific heat capacity (J/kgoC)
= temperature change (oC)
Specific Heat capacity, c
Specific Heat Capacity (c) of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1oC (or by 1 K).
The units of specific heat capacity are J oC-1 kg-1 or J K-1 kg-1
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6.4 Calculate Heat Capacity, Specific Heat Capacity and Energy transfer
Example 1
How much heat does 25 g of aluminium give off as it cools from 100 oC to 20 oC?. Given,
c aluminium = 880 J/kgoC.
Solution:
Q = mc
= 0.025 kg x 880 J/kgoC x (100 oC - 20 oC)
= 1.8 kJ
Example 2
The amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a piece of marble from 27C to
37C is 2.64kJ. The mass of the marble is 0.25kg. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the
marble.
Q = mc
Q
mc
(2.64 10 3 )
=
(0.25)(37 27)
= 1056 Jkg 10C 1
c=
Example 3
42 kJ heat is used to raise water temperature from 20oC to 30oC. Determine the mass of the
water. For water, c water = 4.2 kJ/kgoC.
Solution:
Q = mc
42000 J = m x 4.2 kJ/kgoC x (30-20) oC
m = 42000 /42000
m = 1 kg
Example 4
An iron spoon of mass 500 g is heated from 200C to 1000C. Calculate the heat absorbed by
the iron spoon. Given, c iron = 452 Jkg 10C 1
Q = mc
= (500x10-3) x 452 x (100-20)
= 18080Joule
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mhot
Q lost = Q gained
Heat Lost = Heat Gained
chot (thot - tmixed) = mcold ccold (tmixed -
tcold)
Example 1
In preparing tea, 600 g of water at 90 oC is poured into a 200 g pot at 20 oC. What is the final
temperature of the water? Given, c pot = 0.84 kJ / kg.oC.
Solution:
Heat lost by water = Heat gained by pot
(mc) water = (mc) pot
(0.6 kg)(4.2 kJ / kg.oC)(90 oC - T) = (0.2 kg)(0.84 kJ / kg.oC)(T - 20 oC)
(226.8 - 2.52 T) kJ = (0.168 T - 3.36) kJ
230.16 = 2.688 T
T = 230.16
2.688
T = 85.6 oC
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Example 2
A silver spoon of mass 50.0 g is at a temperature of 23 0C. This spoon is used to stir coffee
which is at temperature of 91 0C. The mass of the coffee is 220 g. The final temperature
reached by the spoon and coffee after stirring is 88 0C. Calculate
a) Heat absorbed by the spoon
b) The specific heat capacity of the coffee.
[Given, c spoon =0.23k Jkg 10C 1 ]
Solution:
a) Heat absorbed by the spoon, Q =mc
= (50 10-3)( 0.23 103)(88 23)
= 747.5 Joule
b) Heat released by the coffee = Heat absorbed by the spoon
mcoffeeccoffeecoffee = 747.5
ccoffee =
747.5
(220 10 -3 )(3)
9000
(3 x 452)
6.64 0 C
=
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4) 42.4C 5)
0.79 kg
6) 560 s 7)
36.6C
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In this strategy, students individually consider an issue or problem and then discuss their ideas with a
partner.
Purpose: Encourage students to think about a question, issue, or reading, and then refine their
understanding through discussion with a partner.
What teachers do
What students do
During
Give students several questions (such as
partner.
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