SUBJECTNAME : HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

SUBJECT CODE: CE 2255

UNIT-I
HIGHWAY PLANNING &ALIGNMENT
PART-A
1. Nagpur road plan formula were prepared by assuming
a) rectangular or block road pattern
b) radial or star and block road pattern
c) radial or star and circular road pattern
d) radial or star and grid road pattern

(1 MARKS)

Ans: d
2. Select the correct statement.
a) Nagpur road plan formula take into account the towns with very large population.
b) Nagpur road plan has a target road length of 32 km per 100 square km.
c) Second 20-year plan has provided 1600 km of expressways out of the proposed National highway.
d) Second 20-year plan allowed deduction of length of railway track in the area while calculating the length of
roads.
Ans: c
3. The sequence of four stages of survey in a highway alignment is
a) reconnaissance, map study, preliminary survey and detailed survey
b) map study, preliminary survey, reconnaissance and detailed survey
c) map study, reconnaissance, preliminary survey and detailed survey
d) preliminary survey, map study, reconnaissance and detailed survey
Ans: c
4. The shape of the camber, best suited for cement concrete pavements, is
a) straight line
b) parabolic
c) elliptical
d) combination of straight and parabolic
Ans: a
5. For water bound macadam roads in localities of heavy rainfall, the recommended value of camber is
a) 1 in 30
b) 1 in 36
c) 1 in 48
d) 1 in 60
Ans: b
6. The stopping sight distance depends upon
a) total reaction time of driver
b) speed of vehicle
c) efficiency of brakes
d) all of the above
Ans: d
7. When the path travelled along the road surface is more than the circumferential movement of the wheels due to
rotation, then it results in
a) slipping
b) skidding c) turning d) revolving
Ans: b
8. Coefficient of friction is less when the pavement surface is
a) rough
b) dry
c) smooth and dry d) smooth and wet
Ans: d

9. The shoulder provided along the road edge should be

a) rougher than the traffic lanes
b) smoother than the traffic lanes
c) of same colour as that of the pavement
d) of very low load bearing capacity
Ans: a
10. Camber in the road is provided for
a) effective drainage
b) counteracting the centrifugal force
c) having proper sight distance
d) none of the above
Ans: a
11. Compared to a level surface, on a descending gradient the stopping sight distance is
a) less
b) more c) same d) dependent on the speed
Ans: b
12. On a single lane road with two way traffic, the minimum stopping sight distance is equal to
a) stopping distance
b) two times the stopping distance
c) half the stopping distance
d) three times the stopping distance
Ans: b
13. The desirable length of overtaking zone as per IRC recommendation is equal to
a) overtaking sight distance
b) two times the overtaking sight distance
c) three times the overtaking sight distance
d) five times the overtaking sight distance
Ans: d
14. Stopping sight distance is always
a) less than overtaking sight distance
b) equal to overtaking sight distance
c) more than overtaking sight distance
d) none of the above
Ans: a
15. Reaction time of a driver
a) increases with increase in speed
b) decreases with increase in speed
c) is same for all speeds
d) none of the above
Ans: b
16. If the stopping distance is 60 meters, then the minimum stopping sight distance for two lane, two way
traffic is
a) 30m b) 60m c) 120m d) 180m
Ans: b
17. The effect of grade on safe overtaking sight distance is
a) to increase it on descending grades and to decrease it on ascending grades
b) to decrease it on descending grades and to increase it on ascending grades
c) to increase it on both descending and ascending grades
d) to decrease it on both descending and ascending grades
Ans: c
18. The ruling design speed on a National Highway in plain terrain as per IRC recommendations is
a) 60 kmph
b) 80 kmph
c) 100 kmph
d) 120 kmph
Ans: c

19. The terrain may be classified as rolling terrain if the cross slope of land is
a) upto 10%
b) between 10% and 25%
c) between 25% and 60%
d) more than 60%
Ans: b
20. If b is the wheel track of a vehicle and h is the height of centre of gravity above road surface, then to avoid
overturning and lateral skidding on a horizontal curve, the centrifugal ratio should always be
a) less than b/2h and greater than co-efficient of lateral friction
b) less than b/2h and also less than co-efficient of lateral friction
c) greater than b/2h and less than co-efficient of lateral friction
d) greater than b/2h and also greater than coefficient of lateral friction
Ans: b
21. As per IRC recommendations, the maximum limit of super elevation for mixed traffic in plain terrain is
a) 1 in 15
b) 1 in 12.5
c) 1 in 10
d) equal to camber
Ans: a
22. For the design of super elevation for mixed traffic conditions, the speed is reduced by
a) 15%
b) 20%
c) 25%
d) 75%
Ans: c
23. On a horizontal curve if the pavement is kept horizontal across the alignment, then the pressure on the
outer wheels will be
a) more than the pressure on inner wheels
b) less than the pressure on inner wheels
c) equal to the pressure on inner wheels
d) zero
Ans: a
25. For a constant value of coefficient of lateral friction, the value of required super-elevation increases with
a) increase in both speed and radius of curve
b) decrease in both speed and radius of curve
c) increase in speed and with decrease in radius of curve
d) decrease in speed and with increase in radius of curve
Ans: d
26. To calculate the minimum value of ruling radius of horizontal curves in plains, the design speed is given by
a) 8 kmph b) 12kmph c) 16kmph d) 20 kmph
Ans: c
27. The absolute minimum radius of curve for safe operation for a speed of 110kmph is
a) 110 m b) 220 m c) 440 m d) 577 m
Ans: c
28. The attainment of super elevation by rotation of pavement about the inner edge of the pavement
a) is preferable in steep terrain
b) results in balancing the earthwork
c) avoids the drainage problem in flat terrain
d) does not change the vertical alignment of road
Ans: c
29. Select the correct statement.
a) Psychological extra widening depends on the number of traffic lanes.
b) Mechanical extra widening depends on the speed of vehicle.
c) Psychological extra widening depends on the length of wheel base.
d) Psychological extra widening depends on the speed of vehicle.
Ans: d

30. In case of hill roads, the extra widening is generally provided

a) equally on inner and outer sides of the curve
b) fully on the inner side of the curve
c) fully on the outer side of the curve
d) one-fourth on inner side and three-fourth on outer side of the curve
Ans: b
PART- B
(2 Marks)
31.Define central road fund?
On the recommendation of Jayexistence on 1st march 1929, Upon the authoritylegislature.
32. Define National Highway
In 1956, National Highwayempowering the central Govtforce with effect from 15th April 1957.
33. Explain CRRI?
CRRI- The central Road Research Institute Delhi in 1950council of scientific and industrial research, and
34. Write Short notes on Highway Research Board?
This board was set up by I.R.C in 1973 to give proper road research work in India.
35. What are classified roads in Nagpur plan?
1. National Highways (NH)
2. State Highways (SH)
3. District Roads:
(1) Major district Roads
(2) Other district Roads
4. Village roads.
36. Define Express ways?
These roads are of higher, day than National highway. There are Such roads on rich only font moving vehicles like
car and jeeps are classified.
37. What are the modified classifications of Road system by Third RDP (1981-2001)?
1. Primary System
2. Secondary System
3. Tertiary system
38. What are types of Road patterns?
1. Rectangular (or) Black pattern.
2. Radial (or) Star and black pattern.
39. Write short notes or Nagpur plan (or) its 20-year Road plan.
The first attempt for proper Scientific planning of roads in India, Wan made in chief Engineers conference held at
Nagpur in 1943. Nagpur conference finalized at 20 years (1943-1963) road development plan.
40. Write short notes on Second twenty year road plan (1961-81)
A Second road development programmer (1961-81) was finalized by the chief engineers connected with road
development, both at centre and Staten in a meeting held at Hyde Chad in 1959.
41. What are the fundamental principles of alignment?1. Length of road should be shortest2. The Proposed road
should form a most economical line.3. The alignment should provide corny.
42. What are the function which control the selection of alignment?
1. Volume and type of traffic 2. Obligatory points 3. Canal river (or) railway crossings 4. Geotechnical standard to
he adopted
43. Define obligatory point?
Obligatory points are such points which act to control points in highway alignment.
44. What are special considerations for him road alignment?
1. Stability2. Drainage 3. Geometric standard4. Deep writing and heavy fillings should he avoided.
45. What are the varies type of Engineering surveys?
1. Map shady2. Reconnaissance survey3. Preliminary survey4. Detailed Survey
46. What are two type of road project?
1. A new highway Project2. Re-alignment (or) revenging Highway project
47. What are head involved in Highway Geometric?
1. Cross Section eleventh like camber, Super elevation2. Sight distance character sight like stopping sight distance,
overtaking sight distance etc. 3. Horizontal and vertical alignments

48. Define camber?

Traverse slope given to the road surface in called camber. It is provided mainly to drain off rain water from the road
surface.
49. What are the factors deepens on camber?
1. Account of Surface 2. Type ground surface
50. What camber recommended in WBM Road?
Water Bound Macadam road 1 to 33 (3%) 1 in 40 (2.5%).
51. What camber recommended in bihiminour road?
Bihiminour surface 1 in 40 (2.5%) 1 in 50 (2%)
52. What camber recommended in cement concrete Road?
Cement concrete Road 1 in 50 (2%) 1 in 60 (1.7%)
53. What are the different types of camber?
1. Parabolic camber 2. Sloped camber 3. Composite camber
54. Define carriage way width?
Metal led puce strip of road meant for vehicular traffic movement in called carriage way.
55. Define dual carriageways?
Each portion of the carriageway is reserved for traffic moving in opposite direction. Such carriage ways are called
dual carriageways.
56. What are the width of carriage way in meteor two lane without raised wert state highways?
State highways 7.0 m
57. Write note on high speed barrier herb?
This herb is 23cm to 45cm to height. This herb is mainly used at initial location such as bridge and hill roads.
58. Define formation width?
Formation width is also called road way. It is the sum of width of carriage way shoulders, and separations it
provided
59. Define Right of way:Area to the acquired along the road alignment in called right of way.
60. What are the important modifications made in Macadams method with respect to the other methods?
Following are the important modifications made in Macadams method. i) Realizing the importance of subgrade
drainage and compaction, the subgrades were prepared with sufficient cross slope. ii) Heavy foundation stones were
replaced with broken stones and with adequate drainage arrangements. iii) The total thickness is comparatively less
and the order of 25 cm. iv) The size of broken stones used for the layer was based on the stability under animal
drawn vehicles.
61. What are the objectives of Central Road Fund?
As per the recommendation of Jayakar Committee, a Central Road Fund was created in 1st march 1929. The
Consumers of petrol were then charged an extra levy of 2.64 paise per litre (i.e., two annas per gallon). Twenty
percent of the revenue collected through the fund was retained as Central Reserve and the balance allotted to the
various states based on the actual petrol consumptions.
62. State the principles of highway financing.
Highway financing is concerned with the sources and distribution of the money that is obtained for highway
purposes. Thus the basic principle in highway financing is that money spent on the construction and maintenance
must be recovered from the roads users.
63. Mention the functions of medians in urban roads.
Separators or medians are provided to prevent the head on collision between two vehicles moving in opposite
directions in the adjacent lanes. These medians may be in the form of pavement markings, physical dividers or area
separators. Out of these three pavement making is the respect.
PART C
(16 Marks)
64. (i) State the construction steps of Macadam method of road formation. (ii) Compare with Telford road
construction.
65. How urban and rural roads are classified? Explain.
66. State and explain the various types of kerbs.
67. (i) What are the requirements of an ideal highway alignment? Discuss briefly. (ii)Compare Conventional
methods with modern methods in Highway.
68. (i) Discuss in detail about the obligatory points controlling highway alignment. (ii) Explain 1. GIS 2. GPS
iii) .Remote sensing iv) Total station

69. Define MORTH. Write the importance of MORTH.

70. (i) Briefly explain the role of MORTH and IRC in highway development. (ii) State and explain the
economic factors influencing highway alignments.
71. Draw typical cross sections of urban and rural roads.
72. Draw a neat sketch and explain the cross section of an urban arterial.
73. With a neat sketch explain the cross-sectional elements of a 2 lane rural road on embankment.
74. Write the salient features of Nagpur Road plan.
75. Describe the various steps in a highway project.
76. Explain the different components of the National Highway Development Programme (NHDP).
77. Describe the classification of urban roads in India. Give the cross section of urban Arterial Street with all
its features.
78. (i) Explain the activities of National Highway Authority of India. (ii) Explain the procedure for carrying
out road alignment using remote sensing and GIS technique.
79. Compare the three Twenty year road development plan in India. Also discuss the merits of each one of
them.
80. Explain in detail about second twenty year road plan.
81. Write a brief notes on: a. Central Road Fund (CRF). b. Indian Roads Congress (IRC). c. Motor vehicle
act. d. Central Road Research Institute (CRRI). e. Highway Research Board (HRB). f. Nagpur road plan.
g. National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).
UNIT-II
GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS
PART-A

(1Marks)

83. The transition curve used in the horizontal alignment of highways as per IRC recommendations is
a) spiralb)lemniscatec) cubic parabolad) any of the above
84. For design, that length of transition curve should be taken which is
a) based on allowable rate of change of centrifugal acceleration
b) based on rate of change of super elevation
c) higher of (a) and (b) d) smaller of (a) and (b)
Ans: c
85. The maximum design gradient for vertical profile of a road is
a) ruling gradient
b) limiting gradient
c) exceptional gradient
d) minimum gradient
Ans: a
86. The percentage compensation in gradient for ruling gradient of 4% and horizontal curve of radius 760 m is
a) 0.1 %b) 1 %c) 10%d) no compensation
Ans: d
87. If ruling gradient is I in 20 and there is also a horizontal curve of radius 76 m, then the compensated grade
should be
a) 3 %b) 4% c) 5 %d) 6%
Ans: b
88. The camber of road should be approximately equal to
a) longitudinal gradient
b) two times the longitudinal gradient
c) three times the longitudinal gradient
d) half the longitudinal gradient
Ans: d
89. Which of the following shapes is preferred in a valley curve ?
a) simple parabola
b) cubic parabola
c) spiral
d) lemniscate
Ans: b

90. The value of ruling gradient in plains as per IRC recommendation is

a) 1 in 12 b) 1 m 15 c) 1 in 20 d) 1 in 30
Ans: d
91. In case of summit curves, the deviation angle will be maximum when
a) an ascending gradient meets with another ascending gradient
b) an ascending gradient meets with a descending gradient
c) a descending gradient meets with another descending gradient
d) an ascending gradient meets with a level surface
Ans: b
92. If the design speed is V kmph and deviation angle is N radians, then the total length of a valley curve in meters
is given by the expression
a) width of traffic lanesb) extra width of pavement and minimum turning radius c) width of shoulders and parking
facilities
Ans: b
93. If an ascending gradient of 1 in 50 meets a descending gradient of 1 in 50, the length of summit curve for a
stopping sight distance of 80 m will be
a) zero b) 64m c) 80m d) 60m
Ans: d
94. Highway facilities are designed for
a) annual average hourly volume
b) annual average daily traffic
c) thirtieth highest hourly volume d) peak hourly volume of the year
Ans: c
95. Enoscope is used to find
a) average speed
b) spot speed
c) space-mean speed d) time-mean speed
Ans: b
96. For highway geometric design purposes the speed used is
a) 15th percentile b) 50 ""percentile c) 85th percentile d) 98 ""percentile
Ans: d
97. Select the correct statement.
a) Traffic volume should always be more than traffic capacity.
b) Traffic capacity should always be more than traffic volume.
c) Spot speed is the average speed of a vehicle at a specified section.
d) 85th percentile speed is more than 98th percentile speed.
Ans: b
98. Length of a vehicle affects
a) width of traffic lanes
b) extra width of pavement and minimum turning radius
c) width of shoulders and parking facilities
d) clearance to be provided under structures such as overbridges, under-bridges etc.
Ans: b
99. The maximum width of a vehicle as recommended by IRC is
a) 1.85m
b) 2.44 m
c) 3.81 m d) 4.72 m
Ans: b
100. Desire lines are plotted in
a) traffic volume studies
b) speed studies
c) accident studies
d) origin and destination studies
Ans: d

101. Which of the following methods is preferred for collecting origin and destination data for a small area like a
mass business center or a large intersection ?
a) road side interview method
b) license plate method
c) return postcard method
d) home interview method
Ans: b
102. The diagram which shows the approximate path of vehicles and pedestrians involved in accidents is known as
a) spot maps
b) pie charts
c) condition diagram
d) collision diagram
Ans: d
103. With increase in speed of the traffic stream, the minimum spacing of vehicles
a) increases
b) decreases
c) first decreases and then increases after reaching a minimum value at optimum speed
d) first increases and then decreases after reaching a maximum value at optimum speed
Ans: a
104. Which of the following is known as design capacity ?
a) basic capacity
b) theoretical capacity
c) possible capacity
d) practical capacity
Ans: a
105. If the average center to center spacing of vehicles is 20 meters, then the basic
capacity of a traffic lane at a speed of 50 kmph is
a) 2500 vehicles per day
b) 2000 vehicles per hour
c) 2500 vehicles per hour
d) 1000 vehicles per hour
Ans: c
106. With increase in speed of the traffic stream, the maximum capacity of the lane
a) increases
b) decreases
c) first increases and then decreases after reaching a maximum value at optimum speed
d) first decreases and then increases after reaching a minimum value at optimum speed
Ans: c
107. Equivalent factor of passenger car unit (PCU) for a passenger car as per IRC is
a) 1.0
b) 2.0
c) 0.5 d) 10
Ans: a
108. If the stopping distance and average length of a vehicle are 18 m and 6 m respectively, then the theoretical
maximum capacity of a traffic lane at a speed of 10 m/sec is
a) 1500 vehicles per hour
b) 2000 vehicles per hour
c) 2500 vehicles per hour
d) 3000 vehicles per hour
Ans: a
109. Scientific planning of transportation system and mass transit facilities in cities should be based on
a) spot speed data
b) origin and destination data
c) traffic volume data
d) accident data
Ans: b

110. The diagram which shows all important physical conditions of an accident location like roadway limits,
bridges, trees and all details of roadway conditions is known as
a) pie chart
b) spot maps
c) condition diagram
d) collision diagram
Ans: c
111. When the speed of traffic flow becomes zero,then
a) traffic density attains maximum value whereas traffic volume becomes zero
b) traffic density and traffic volume both attain maximum value
c) traffic density and traffic volume both become zero
d) traffic density becomes zero whereas traffic volume attains maximum value
Ans: a
112. On a right angled road intersection with two way traffic, the total number of conflict points is
a) 6
b) 11
c) 18
d) 24
Ans: d
PART-B

(2 marks)

113.Define sight distance?

Sight distance in the actual length of road over which a driver sitting at a specified height in a vehicle can see
objects either moving (or) stationary on the road surface.
114. What are classifications of sight distance depending upon the situation?
1. Stopping sight distance 2. Sate overtaking sight distance 3. Sight distance at intersection
115. Define S.S.D?
Stopping sight distance is the minimum distance required with in which a vehicle moving at designed speed can be
stopped without colliding with a stationary object on the road surface.
116. What is the height of driver eye above the road surface?
IRC recommended height of driver eye is 1.22m.
117. Define reaction time:It is the time in seconds which a driver can take from the instant the objects visible to him to the instant the brakes
are effectively applied.
118. Define perception period?
Perception period is the time taken by an average driver to realize a danger a head before actually trying to apply
the breaker.
119. Define overtaking sight distance (OSD)
The distance visible to the driver of a vehicle intending to overtake another slow moving vehicle, without causing
any inconvenience (or) possibility of accident to the traffic in the opposite direction in called overtaking sight
distance (or) safe passing sight distance.
120. Define design speed?
Design speed can be defined as the speed which is permissible for safe and comfortable driving on a given surface
of the highway.
121. What are the two effects of centrifugal force?
1. Tendency to overturn the vehicle. 2. Tendency to skid the vehicle laterally.
122. Define super elevation?
The outer edge of the road in raised above the inner edge called super elevation (or) cant (or) banking.
123. What is the relation between super elevation, continuant of friction and centrifugal force
v2 e+f = --------- 127R e = super elevation whose value is taken an 40 (or) 1/15 f = Lateral frictional coefficient
whose value in R = Radian of curve in metros. g = 9.8 V = speed of vehicle in m/sec.
124. What is the maximum rule of super elevation?
v2 e = --------- 225R This formula assume that centrifugal force corresponding to 75% of the designed speed is
balanced by super elevation and the next winter acted by the side friction.
125. Define horizontal curve?
It is a curve in plan to provide change in the direction of the central time by the road surface.

126. What are the factors attesting the design of curve?

1. Design speed of the vehicle 2. Allowable friction 3. Maximum allowable super elevation. 4. Permissible
centrifugal ration.
127. Define vertical curve?
It is a curve in the longitudinal section of a highway to provide a easy change of the gradient.
128. What are curve used in a highway.
1. Circular curve 2. Transition curve 3. Parabolic curve
129. What is the value of radian of the simple curve?
R= 1720m app
130. Define compound curve?
A compound curve currish of a serial of hoot (or) more simple curve that run in the same direction and joint at
common tangent point.
131. Define Reverse curve?
A reverse curve consist of two simple curve opposite direction that point at the common tangent point. This common
point in called the point of reverse curve
132. What are the types of transition curve?
1. True spiral (or clothed. 2. cubic spiral. 3. cubic parabolic. 4. Lemniscates.
133. What are characteristics of Transition curve?
1. It should meet the straight path tangentially 2. It should meet the circular curve tangentially
134. What is the equation of a spiral transition curve?
Ls = m Q Where m = 2RL = a constant Q = tangent of deflection angle in radians
135. How many methods to determine the length of transition curve?
(1) By the rate of charge of radial acceleration (2) By empirical formula
136 . Define gradient?
It is the rate of rise (or) fall of road level along if length
137. What are the factors governs the gradient?
(1) characteristics of the traffic. (2) Physical factors of the site such a drainage, safety, (3) Bridge, approach Road
and railway Line intersection etc.
138. What are different types of gradient?
(1). Maximum gradient (2). Puling gradient (3). Limiting gradient (4). Exceptional gradient
139. What are the driaclvantager of Exceptional gradient?
(1). More fuel consumption (2). More friction losses (3). Efficiency of engine reducer (4). Early fatigue to animals.
140. What are the hyper of vertical curve?
1. Summit curve 2. Valley curve
141. what is the minimum Radian of vertical curve?
The minimum ration of the curve is given by
L R = ---Q
142. What is the length of valley curve?
L= 0.38 (NV 3) L = Total Length of valley curve N = Deviation angle v = Design speed in triumph
PART C
(16 Marks)
143. What are the objectives of widening of road pavement at horizontal curves? Derive an expression for the
extra widening
144. The speed of overtaking and over taken vehicles are70 and 40 kmph, respectively on a two way traffic
road. If the acceleration of overtaking vehicle is 0.99m/sec2
a. Calculate safe overtaking sight distance b. Mention the minimum length of overtaking zone and c.Draw a
neat-sketch of the overtaking zone and show position of sign posts.
145. (i) Derive the formula for the radius of horizontal curve. (ii) Why do you provide the extra widening on
horizontal curves?
146. Describe the various types of horizontal curves.
147. Under what circumstances summit curves are provided.
148. What are the objectives of providing transition curves in the horizontal alignment of highway curves?
Mention the method of designing transition curve length.
149. What are the objectives of widening of road pavement at horizontal curves? Derive an expression for the
extra widening.

150. What are the objects of extra widening of pavements at horizontal highway curves? Mention the
recommended method of design and introduction in the field.
151. A valley curve is formed by a descending gradient of 1 in 25 meeting an ascending gradient of 1 in 30.
Design the length of valley curve to fulfill both comfort condition for a design speed of 80 kmph (c = 0.6
mtr/sec3) and a head sight distance of 127 m for this speed.
152. (i) Compute the stopping sight distance on a highway with a design speed of 80 kph, if the highway is on
an upgrade of 2%. (ii) Outline the design elements of hill roads.
153. (i) What is the need for transition curve? How its length is determined? (ii) Explain the procedure for
calculating the length of valley curve.
154. (i) Explain the factors influencing the geometric design of hill roads. (ii) Calculate the SSD for design
speed of 70 kmph for two way traffic and one way traffic road. Take reaction time = 2.5 seconds and
coefficient of friction = 0.35.
155. (1) Derive the formula for calculating super elevation on horizontal curve. (2) Explain the factors
influencing overtaking sight distance
156. Calculate the stopping sight distance required to avoid head on collision of two cars approaching from
opposite directions at a speed of 75 kmph and 80 kmph. Assume that the reaction time of divers be 2.5 secs
and coefficient between road surface and tyros be 0.4.
157. (i) Distinguish between overtaking sight distance and intermediate sight distance. How will you calculate
these? (ii) What is the super elevation to be provided on a horizontal curve on a National
Highway in plain terrain (Hint: Design speed =100 kph), if the curve has a radius of 310 m?
158. (i) Why is super elevation provided for pavements in curves? Explain the factors influencing it. (ii) Why
are extra widening of pavements requited in curve?
159. (i) Calculate the stopping sight distance for the design speed of 60 kmph for a twoway traffic road and an
one-way traffic road, Take the reaction time of driver as 2.5
seconds and the coefficient of friction as 0.36. (ii) Under what circumstances summit curves are provided.
160. (i) Calculate the stopping sight distance to avoid head on collision of two cars approaching from opposite
directions at 100k/hr and 80 k/hr. Make suitable assumptions. (ii) A highway width 7.5 m of radius 150 m,
with a speed of 130 km/hr and the length of wheel base is 7.0 m. Find out the extra widening required.
161. Calculate the stopping sight required to avoid head on collision of two cars approaching from opposite
directions at a speed of 75 kmph and 85 kmph. Assume the reaction time of drivers be 2.5 secs. And the
coefficient of friction between road surface and tyres is 0.4.
162. Calculate the minimum set back distance required on a two lane highway curve radius 400 m so as to
provide an intermediate sight distance 180 m , assuming the length of the curve to be greater than SD(200 m).
163. A valley curve is formed due to two gradients +2.5% and 1.75%. If the design speed of this highway is
80 kmph, determine the stopping sight distance and design the valley curve to fulfill both comfort and head
light sight distance conditions.
UNIT-III
FLEXIBLE AND RIGID PAVEMENTS
PART-A
(1 marks)
164. The background colour of the informatory sign board is
a) red b) yellow c) green d) white
Ans: b
165. Which of the following is indicated by a warning sign ?
a) level crossing b) no parking c) end of speed limit d) overtaking prohibited
Ans: a
166. "Dead Slow" is a
a) regulatory sign b) warning sign c) informatory sign d) none of the above
Ans: a
167. The most efficient traffic signal system is
a) simultaneous system b) alternate system c) flexible progressive system d) simple progressive system
Ans: c
168. The provision of traffic signals at intersections
a) reduces right angled and rear end collisions

b) increases right angled and rear end collisions c) reduces right angled collisions but may increase rear end
collisions d) reduces rear end collisions but may increase right angled collisions
Ans: c
169. Select the incorrect statement.
a) Stop or red time of a signal is the sum of go and clearance intervals for the cross flow.
b) Go or green time of a signal is the sum of stop and clearance intervals for the cross flow.
c) Clearance time is generally 3 to 5 seconds.
d) The cycle length is normally 40 to 60 seconds for two phase signals.
Ans: b
170. Centre line markings are used
a) to designate traffic lanes b) in roadways meant for two way traffic c) to indicate that overtaking is not permitted
d) to designate proper lateral placement of vehicles before turning to different directions
Ans: b
171. The particular places where pedestrians are to cross the pavement are properly marked by the pavement
marking known as
a) stop lines b) turn markings c) crosswalk lines d) lane lines
Ans: c
172. The entrance and exit curves of a rotary have
a) equal radii and equal widths of pavement
b) equal radii but pavement width is more at entrance than at exit curve
c) equal pavement widths but radius is more at entrance curve than at exit curve d) different radii and different
widths of pavement
Ans: d
173. When two equally important roads cross roughly at right angles, the suitable shape of central island is
a) circular b) elliptical c) tangent d) turbine
Ans: a
174. The maximum number of vehicles beyond which the rotary may not function efficiently is
a) 500 vehicles per hour b) 500 vehicles per day c) 5000 vehicles per hour d) 5000 vehicles per day
Ans: c
175. A traffic rotary is justified where
a) number of intersecting roads is between 4 and 7
b) space is limited and costly c) when traffic volume is less than 500 vehicles per hour d) when traffic volume is
more than 5000 vehicles per hour
Ans: a
176. When a number of roads are meeting at a point and only one of the roads is important, then the suitable shape
of rotary is
a) circular b) tangent c) elliptical d) turbine
Ans: b
177. Maximum number of vehicles can be parked with
a) parallel parking b) 30 angle parking c) 45 angle parking d) 90 angle parking
Ans: d
178. When the width of kerb parking space and width of street are limited, generally preferred parking system is
a) parallel parking b) 45 angle parking\ c) 65 angle parking d) 90 angle parking
Ans: a
179. As per IRC recommendations, the average level of illumination on important roads carrying fast traffic is
a) 10 lux b) 15 lux c) 20 lux d) 30 lux
Ans: d
180. The most economical lighting layout which is suitable for narrow roads is
a) single side lighting b) staggered system c) central lighting system d) none of the above
Ans: a
181. The direct interchange ramp involves
a) diverging to the right side and merging from left b) diverging to the left side and merging from right
c) diverging to the right side and merging from right
d) diverging to the left side and merging from left
Ans: c

182. In soils having same values of plasticity index, if liquid limit is increased, then
a) compressibility and permeability decrease and dry strength increases
b) compressibility, permeability and dry strength decrease
c) compressibility, permeability and dry strength increase
d) compressibility and permeability increase and dry strength decreases
Ans: d
183. Which of the following tests measures the toughness of road aggregates ?
a) crushing strength test b) abrasion test c) impact test d) shape test
Ans: c
184. Los Angeles testing machine is used to conduct
a) abrasion test b) impact test c) attrition test d) crushing strength test
Ans: a
185. In CBR test the value of CBR is calculated at
a) 2.5 mm penetration only b) 5.0 mm penetration only c) 7.5 mm penetration only d) both 2.5mm and 5.0 mm
penetrations
Ans: d
186. If aggregate impact value is 20 to 30 percent, then it is classified as
a) exceptionally strong b) strong c) satisfactory for road surfacing d) unsuitable for road surfacing
Ans: c
187. The maximum allowable Los Angeles abrasion value for high quality surface course is
a) 10% b) 20 % c) 30% d) 45 %
Ans: c
188. Percentage of free carbon in bitumen is
a) more than that in tar b) less than that in tar
c) equal to that in tar
d) none of the above
Ans: b
189. The ductility value of bitumen for suitability in road construction should not be less than
a) 30 cm
b) 40 cm
c) 50 cm d) 60 cm
Ans: c
190. The maximum limit of water absorption for aggregate suitable for road construction is
a) 0.4 %
b) 0.6%
c) 0.8 % d) 1.0 %
Ans: b
191. Which of the following represents hardest grade of bitumen ?
a) 30/40
b) 60/70
c) 80/100
d) 100/120
Ans: a
192. Penetration test on bitumen is used for determining its
a) grade
b) viscosity
c) ductility d) temperature susceptibility
Ans: a
193. Bitumen of grade 80/100 means
a) its penetration value is 8 mm
b) its penetration value is 10 mm
c) its penetration value is 8 to 10 mm
d) its penetration value is 8 to 10 cm
Ans: c

PART-B

(2 marks)

194.What are the materials required for W.B.M roads?

1. Coarseaqqregate.
2. Screenings.
3. Filler materials
195. What are types of bituminous road?
1. Surface dressing
2. Bituminous bound macadam
196. Define seal coat?
Premised snail bitumen (or) surface dressing type seal coat is applied either immediately (or) after a few days.
197. What are methods adopted consummation of cement concrete pavement?
1. Cement grout method
2. Rolled concrete method.
3. Cement connate slab method
198. What types of join provided in cement concrete pavements?
1. Expansion joint
2. Contraction joint
3. Warping joint.
199. What material used as joint Filler?
1. Soft wood
2. Impregnated fiber board
3. Cork (or) cork bound with bitumen
4. Coir fiber
200. What mate rich used a joint sealer?
1. Birdmen
2. Rubn bitumen
201. Write short notes on Hair pin bend?
A hair pin bend should he located on the hill side having the minimum slope and maximum stability It should be
sate against land slide and ground water. Hair pin bends with long arms and further spacing should he provided.
202. What are the methods of pavement?
1. Flexible pavement
2. Rigid pavement
203. What are the components of a fallible pavement?
1. Soil sub grade
2. Sub base course
3. Base course
4. Wearing course
204. Define sub grade?
The soil sub grade in a layer of natural soil prepared to receive the other lays of the pavement.
205. What properties posses soil sub grade?
a. strength
b. Drainage
c. Ease of compaction
d. permanency of compaction etc.
206. What are tests conducted the strength properties of the sub grade?
1. California bearing ratio tests
2. California resistance value test
3. Plate bearing test
4. Trysail shear test
207. Define bone course?
It is the foundation layer, designed for the structural stability. The main function of the bare course in edible
pavements is to improve the load supporting capacity by distributing the load through a finite ethicalness.
208. Define leaving course?
It is that component of pavement with which the wheels of vehicular are in archival contain.

209. What are the factors attaching stability of pavement?

a. Traffic factors.
b. Mosher factors.
c. Climatic factors.
d. Soil factors
e. Stets dissipation factors.
PART C
(16 Marks)
210. Briefly give the IRC Recommendations useful in the design of cement concrete pavement.
211. Explain in detail about the IRC method of flexible pavement design. Discuss limitation of this method.
212. Explain the methods of design of Flexible pavement by CBR method.
213. Discuss the advantage and limitations of CBR method of design.
214. Differentiate between Flexible and rigid Pavement (or) Compare Flexible and Rigid Pavement.
215. Explain the design consideration for spacing of expansion and construction Joints.
216. What are the objectives of joints in cement concrete pavement? Sketch the different types of joints used
in pavement construction. Indicate the principle of design.
217. Explain mud pumping. What are the causes for mud pumping and how it can be prevented?
218. Define ESWL and Lane distribution factor and explain their significance.
219. Describe the factors influencing the design of pavements.
220. Explain the recommended design procedure for design of rigid pavements by IRC.
221. List the different stresses induced in cement concrete pavements. Discuss the critical combination of
these stresses.
222. How will you calculate the Equivalent Single Wheel Load for a given combination of wheel loads?
223. Explain the IRC method of design of rigid pavements.
224. Explain the factors to be considered in the design of pavements.
225. State how variations in climatic conditions affect the design of pavements.
226. What is equivalent single wheel load? Explain briefly.
227. Design the pavement of a plain cement concrete 7m wide. Use IRC Recommendations where ever
applicable. Adopt expansion joint gap 20mm and Maximum variation in temperature between summer and
winter is 40c.Present Traffic intensity is 1050 veh/day of weight more than 3T. Modulus of reaction of sub
base 7 kg/cm.E for concrete = 3x105 kg/cm, = 0.15 and radius of contact area is 15 cm and design wheel
load is 4100 kg. Temperature differential slab in the region is 17.3, 19.0 and 20.3 for thickness is of 15, 20 and
25cm respectively.( use design chart if necessary)
228. CBR value of sub grade is 4%. Calculate total thickness of pavement. Also calculated the thickness of
sub base, base, wearing layer having CBR value of 15%, 80%, and 90% respectively. Use IRC accepted CBR
curveD. (Use design chart)
229. Using the following data, design the flexible pavements layers
CBR of the sub-grade soil = 5%
CBR of poorly graded gravel sub-base = 15%
CBR of WBM = 80%
Design life = 15 years
Annual rate of increase in the heavy vehicles = 7.5%
No. of heavy vehicles per day during last count = 200
No. of years between the year of completion and year of last count = 3years.
Assume any other data found required
230. Design the flexible pavement for construction of new Highway with the following data.
Number of commercial vehicles as per last count = 1000
Period of construction = 3 years
Annual traffic growth rate = 8%
Category of road = NH, two lane single carriageway
Design life = 10 years.

UNIT-IV
HIGHWAY MATERIALS&CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE
PART-A
(1 marks)
231. RC-2, MC-2 and SC-2 correspond to
a) same viscosity
b) viscosity in increasing order from RC-2 to SC-2
c) viscosity in decreasing order from RC-2 to SC-2
d) none of the above
Ans: a
232. The recommended grade of tar for grouting purpose is
a) RT-1
b) RT-2
c) RT.3
d) RT-5
Ans: d
233. Softening point of bitumen to be used for read construction at a place where maximum temperature is 40 C
should be
a) less-than 40C
b) greater than 40C
c) equal to 40C
d) none of the above
Ans: b
234. For rapid curing cutbacks, the oil used is
a) gasoline
b) kerosene oil
c) light diesel
d) heavy diesel
Ans: a
235. The method of design of flexible pavement as recommended by IRC is
a) group index method
b) CBR method
c) Westergaard method
d) Benkelman beam method
Ans: b
236. The group index for a soil, whose liquid limit is 40 percent, plasticity index is 10 percent and percentage
passing 75 micron IS sieve is 35, is
a) 0 b) 3 c) 5 d) 7
Ans: a
237. Bottom most layer of pavement is known as
a) wearing course
b) base course c) sub-base course d) subgrade
Ans: d
238. Flexible pavement distribute the wheel load
a) directly to subgrade
b) through structural action
c) through a set of layers to the subgrade
d) none of the above
Ans: c
239. The number of repetitions, which the pavement thickness designed for a given wheel load should be able to
support
during the life of pavement is
a) 1000
b) 10000
c) 100000
d) 1000000
Ans: d

240. Group index method of design of flexible pavement is

a) a theoretical method
b) an empirical method based on physical properties of subgrade soil
c) an empirical method based on strength characteristics of subgrade soil
d) a semi empirical method
Ans: b
241. Select the correct statement.
a) More the value of group index, less thickness of pavement will be required.
b) More the value of CBR, greater thickness of pavement will be required.
c) Minimum and maximum values of group index can be 0 and 20 respectively.
d) all of the above
Ans: c
242. If the group index value of subgrade is between 5 and 9, then the subgrade is treated as
a) good
b) fair
c) poor
d) very poor
Ans: c
243. Tyre pressure influences the
a) total depth of pavement
b) quality of surface course
c) both the above
d) none of the above
Ans: b
244. Rigidity factor for a tyre pressure greater than 7 kg/cm2 is
a) equal to 1
b) less than 1
c) greater than 1
d) zero
Ans: b
245. The critical combination of stresses for corner region in cement concrete roads is
a) load stress + warping stress frictional stress
b) load stress + warping stress + frictional stress
c) load stress + warping stress
d) load stress + frictional stress
Ans: c
246. Tie bars in cement concrete pavements are at
a) expansion joints
b) contraction joints
c) warping joints
d) longitudinal joints
Ans: d
247. The maximum spacing of contraction joints in rigid pavements is
a) 2.5 m b) 3.5 m c) 4.5 m d) 5.5m
Ans: c
248. The maximum thickness of expansion joint in rigid pavements is
a) 0
b) 25 mm
c) 50 mm d) 100 mm
Ans: b
249. The function of an expansion joint in rigid pavements is to
a) relieve warping stresses
b) relieve shrinkage stresses
c) resist stresses due to expansion
d) allow free expansion
Ans: d

250. The fundamental factor in the selection of pavement type is

a) climatic condition
b) type and intensity of traffic
c) subgrade soil and drainage conditions
d) availability of funds for the construction project
Ans: b
251. Most suitable material for highway embankments is
a) granular soil
b) organic soil
c) silts
d) clays
Ans: a
252. Maximum daily traffic capacity of bituminous pavements is
a) 500 tonnes per day
b) 1000 tonnes per day
c) 1500 tonnes per day
d) 2000 tonnes per day
Ans: c
253. The most suitable equipment for compacting clayey soils is a
a) smooth wheeled roller
b) pneumatic tyred roller
c) sheep foot roller
d) vibrator
Ans: c
254. The aggregates required for one kilometer length of water bound macadam road per meter width and for 10 mm
thickness is
a) 8 cubic meter
b) 10 cubic meter
c) 12 cubic meter
d) 15 cubic meter
Ans: c
255. The camber of shoulders in water bound macadam roads is
a) equal to the cross slope of pavement
b) less than the cross slope of pavement
c) greater than the cross slope of pavement
d) zero
Ans: a
256. The binder normally used in flexible pavement construction is
a) cement
b) lime
c) bitumen
d) none of the above
Ans: c
257. In highway construction, rolling starts from
a) sides and proceed to centre
b) centre and proceed to sides
c) one side and proceed to other side
d) any of the above
Ans: a
258 For the construction of water bound macadam roads, the correct sequence of operations after spreading coarse
aggregates is
a) dry rolling, wet rolling, application of screening and application of filler
b) dry rolling, application of filler, wet rolling and application of screening
c) dry rolling, application of screening, wet rolling and application of filler
d) dry rolling, application of screening, application of filler and wet rolling
Ans: c

259. In the penetration macadam construction, the bitumen is

a) sprayed after the aggregates are spread and compacted
b) premixed with aggregates and then spread
c) sprayed before the aggregates are spread and compacted
d) none of the above
Ans: a
260. When the bituminous surfacing is done on already existing black top road or over existing cement concrete
road, the type of treatment to be given is
a) seal coat
b) tack coat
c) prime coat
d) spray of emulsion
Ans: b
PART-B

(2 marks)

261.Define contact presume?

loud on wheel
Contact presume = ____________
Contact area
262. Define Rigidity factor?
contact presume
Rigidity factor = _____________Type presume
263. What is ESUL?
Equivalent Single Used Load
264. What understand by Repetition of load?
The repeated loading may produce permanent and non uniform deformation of subgrade.
265. What are the causes of increase in moisture?
1. Percolation of surface water through Erath in the pavement surface.
2. Entry of water through edger of the pavement
3. Seepage
4. Capillary rise from high water table
266. What is meaning of frost heave?
The terms frost heave return to rising up of the pavement portion.
267. What method is used for strengthening of flexible pavement?
Benkelman Beam Reflection method.
268. What is the basic principle of Benkelman Beam deflection method?
The deflection method is based on the concept that pavement section which have been conditioned by traffic
elastically under a load.
269. What are the factors considered deformation under a given load?
1. Sub grade soil type 2. Soil mousier content and its compaction 3. Thickness of pavement layers 4. Drainage
conditions.
270. What are factors causing stressor in slab?
1. Used loads
2. Cyclic changer in temperature
3. Changes in moisture 4. Volumetric changer in bare course.
271. Define hand aggregator give example?
Hand aggregator are used to resist crushing effect and adverse weather effect (ex) granite trap
272. What is the user of soft aggregator?
They can also be used in lower layer of good type of roads. Soft aggregator are usable in low cost road.
273. What are the proportions of aggregator?
1. Strength
2. Hardness
3. Toughens
4. Sound ness
5. shape of aggregate 6. Bushmen adhesion properly
7. Cementations

274. What are test for Road aggregator?

1. Abrasion test
2. Lost angler abrasion test
275. Define Elongation index?
This test is also suitable for aggregate of size greater than 6.3mm and is carried our in the same way a how been
explained in flakiness index
PART C
(16 Marks)
277. Write down the construction steps for water bound macadam road. Explain with sketch.
278. Describe the construction steps for surface dressing (or) Bituminous concrete methods of Bituminous
construction with sketch.
279. Enumerate the steps in the construction of cement concrete pavement. Explain with sketch.
279. Write short notes on (a) CBR test on soil (b) Field density test on soil.
280. Explain with sketch the following testing methods.
(a) Penetration test on Bitumen (b) Softening point test on Bitumen (or) Briefly explain the penetration test
and softening point test on
Bitumen.
281. Explain with neat sketch of impact value test on aggregates.
282. Explain with neat sketch of Durability test on Bitumen.
283. Explain with neat sketch of Los angels abrasion testing method of Road aggregates.
284. Explain with neat sketches how the subsurface drainage system is provided to lower the water table and
control seepage flow.
285. Explain briefly with sketches Drainage in Hill Roads
286. Explain briefly crushing strength test on Road aggregates with sketches
287. Describe how impact value of aggregate and specific gravity of bitumen are found by experiment in
laboratory?
288. Distinguish between impact and abrasion values of aggregate. How are these values measured?
289. What is WBM? Describe the construction procedure of a WBM road.
290. Distinguish between viscosity and softening point of road bitumen. Describe their test procedures.
291. Discuss the importance of surface and sub-surface drainage in highways.
292. What are the desirable properties of road aggregates? Explain briefly.
293. Write a note on aggregate impact test.
294. Write short notes on the following:
(i) Crushing Test
(ii) Water Absorption Test
(iii) Ductility Test
(iv) Viscosity Test.
295. Describe how impact value of aggregate is found in laboratory.
296. Explain the test procedure for assessing polishing value of aggregate.
297. Explain the construction procedure of dense bituminous macadam road.
298. Describe the procedure recommended by bureau of Indian standards for carrying out the following tests.
a. Abrasion Test b. Flash and Fire point test
299. Specify the design approach for the surface drainage system of highways.
300. Explain the construction procedure for bituminous concrete.
301. Describe how impact value of aggregate and specific gravity of bitumen are found by experiment in
laboratory?
302. Explain the construction procedure of the following types of roads. (i) Dense Bituminous Macadam. (ii)
Bituminous Concrete.
UNIT-V
HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE
PART-A
303. Which of the following premix methods is used for base course ?
a) bituminous carpet
b) mastic asphalt
c) sheet asphalt d) bituminous bound macadam
Ans: d

(1marks)

304. Select the correct statement.

a) Quantity of binder required for tack coat is less than that required for prime coat.
b) Prime coat treatment is given for plugging the voids in water bound macadam during bituminous road
construction.
c) Seal coat is the final coat over certain previous bituminous pavements. d) A bitumen primer is a high viscosity
cutback.
Ans: d
305. The suitable surfacing material for a bridge deck slab is
a) sheet asphalt b) bituminous carpet c) mastic asphalt d) rolled asphalt
Ans: c
306. Which of the following is considered to be the highest quality construction in the group of black top pavements
a) mastic asphalt b) sheet asphalt c) bituminous carpet d) bituminous concrete
Ans: d
307. The thickness of bituminous carpet varies from
a) 20 to 25 mm b) 50 to 75 mm c) 75 to 100 mm d) 100 to 120 mm
Ans: a
308. Which of the following represents a carpet of sand-bitumen mix without coarse aggregates?
a) mastic asphalt b) sheet asphalt c) bituminous carpet d) bituminous concrete
Ans: b
309. In highway construction on super elevated curves, the rolling shall proceed from
a) sides towards the centre b) centre towards the sides c) lower edge towards the upper edge d) upper edge towards
the lower edge
Ans: c
310. The camber for hill roads in case of bituminous surfacing is adopted as
a) 2% b) 2.5% c) 3% d) 4%
Ans: b
311. The minimum design speed for hairpin bends in hill roads is taken as
a) 20 kmph b) 30 kmph c) 40 kmph d) 50 kmph
Ans: a
312. The drain which is provided parallel to roadway to intercept and divert the water from hill slopes is known as
a) sloping drain b) catchwater drain c) side drain d) cross drain
Ans: b
313. The walls which are necessary on the hill side of roadway where earth has to be retained from slipping is
known as
a) retaining wall b) breast wall c) parapet wall d) none of the above
Ans: b
314. In hill roads the side drains arc provided
a) only on the hill side of road b) only on the opposite side of hill c) on both sides of road d) none of the above
Ans: a
PART-B

(2 marks)

315.What are the proportions of bihiminour material?

1. Consistency 2. Durability
316. What are test of bitumen?
1. Generation test 2. Ductility test 3. Solubility test
317. What are different grade of bitumen?
30/40, 80/100, 60/70
318. Define emulsion?
Emulsion is a combination of water bitumen and an emulsifying agent.
319. What are test for bitumen emulsion?
1. Sieve test 2. Mining test
320. What are general causers of pavement failure?
1. Faulty material of commotion 2. Faulty construction and improper quality control during construction.
321. What are typical failover of flexible pavement?
1. Shear failure
2. Longitudinal cracks.

322. What is typical failure of cement concrete pavements?

1. Mud pumping 2. Spelling of join
323. What are the classifications of maintenance?
1. Routine maintenance (or) repairs 2. Periodic maintenance 3. Special repairs.
324. What are two methods of pavements evaluation?
1. Structural evaluation of pavement 2. Evaluation of pavement surface conditions.
PART C
(16 Marks)
325. Discuss the various types of failure in Flexible pavement? Explain the causes. (or) Classify the different
types of failures in flexible pavement and mention the
important causes of each. (or) Discuss with the help of sketches the different types of failures in
flexiblepavements.
326. Discuss briefly the different types of failures in rigid pavement.
327. List the causes of failure in cement concrete pavements. What are the effects of different types of failure?
328. Write short notes on the following.
a) Mud pumping.
b) Alligator cracks.
c) Consolidation deformation.
d) Pavement evaluation.
329. (i) Explain the different types of evaluation of pavement surface condition (ii) Explain the causes and
remedial measures for surface rut.
330. Describe the symptoms, causes and remedial measures for the different types of failures in flexible
pavements.
331. Briefly explain the procedure of overlay design by Benkelman beam method.
332. Explain how resealing of cracks may be carried out in rigid pavements.
333. Explain any two commonly employed methods for the structural evaluation of flexible pavements
334. Explain briefly the maintenance of bituminous surface.
335. What is meant by rutting? Explain the symptoms, causes and treatment,
336. Explain the procedure for the structural evaluation of pavements.
337. (i) What are the different types of failures in cement concrete pavements? (ii) What are flexible overlays?
Explain how the Benkelman Beam is used to design thickness of the overlay.
338. (i) Explain the principle and uses of Benkelman Beam test. (ii) Describe the complete procedure of
carrying out Benkelman Beam test to evaluate the pavement with model calculation
339. Write short notes on the following.
a. Stripping and raveling
b. Structural cracks and temperature cracks.
c. Longitudinal cracking and reflection cracking.
d. Mud jacking and Overlay thickness.
340. Write a critical note on the maintenance of following roads. a. Earthen road b. Gravel road,,W.B.M
road c. Cement concrete roads.
341. Discuss the following procedure for Flexible pavement evaluation (a) Benkelman beam deflection
studies. (b) (i) Estimation of Unevenness Index.(ii) Pavement serviceability Index.(iii) Present serviceability
Ratings(iv) Highway financing