LOGIC

1 moabdon@yahoo.com.
ph
EXERCISES IN LOGIC
Exercise 1: CATEGORICAL PROPOSITION
A: Quantity B: Quality
C: Symbol D: Quantity of the Predicate Term
A
B
C
1. Every FEU student is courteous.
2. No FEU student is arrogant.
3. He is a loving person.
4. She is a good student.
5. Majority of FEU students are diligent.
6. Rodison is my fianc.
7. Jeromie and JC are her friends.
8. Few individuals are lazy.
9. Many FEU students do not observe elevator
etiquette.
10.Most FEU students are assertive.
11.FEU students are prayerful.
12.He was the recipient of AY Foundation for
National Discipline.
13.Wilson is not my enemy.
14.Many bus drivers are reckless.
15.Most Philosophy teachers are excellent.
16.Iba is the capital of Zambales.
17.SBC and SPU are sectarian schools.
18.Pnoy is the president of the Philippines.
19.No FEU student is passive.
20.Five FEU students were reprimanded by the
Dean.
Exercise 2: HYPOTHETICAL PROPOSITION
one.abilidad@yahoo.com
2 moabdon@yahoo.com.ph
A: Type
B: True or False
A
1. If a person is generous, then he must have

a good heart.
2. A test is either long or short.
3. No person can lie and tell the truth at the
same time.
4. A passport cannot be genuine and
counterfeit simultaneously.
5. A student is either a cum laude or a summa
cum laude.
6. If a person is talkative, then he must be
intelligent.
7. No person can be boastful and humble
simultaneously.
8. A person is intelligent if he is an academic
scholar.
9. If a person is responsible, then he must not
be lazy.
10.A Philosophy book is either thick or thin.
11.If a person is approachable, then he must
be trustworthy.
12.No person can be in SB 201 and SB 101 at
the same time.
13.A teacher is either considerate or not.
14.If a person is prayerful, then he must be a
philanthropist.
15.No person can watch a TV program and
review his lessons properly at the same
time.
Exercise 3: Informal Fallacies

Write the letter of the corresponding answer.
a. Composition
e. False Cause
h. Division
b. Appeal to Force c. Appeal to Pity d. Appeal to Ignorance

f. Attack Against Man g. Appeal to Misplaced Authority
i. Appeal to People
1. Every course I took in college was well-organized. Therefore, my college
education was well-organized.
2. If you do not agree with my political opinions, you will receive a grade of F
for this course.
3. I am a single parent, solely responsible for the financial support of my
children.
4. No one has conclusively proven that there is no intelligent life on the
moons of Jupiter. Therefore, there is intelligent life on the moons of
Jupiter.
5. If you give me this traffic ticket, I will lose my license and be unable to
drive to work. If I cannot work, my children and I will become homeless
and may starve to death. Therefore, you should not give me this traffic
ticket.
6. The moon was full on Thursday evening. On Friday morning I overslept.
Therefore, the full moon caused me to oversleep.
7. What she says about Johannes Keplers astronomy of the 1600s must be
just so much garbage. Do you realize shes only fourteen years old?
8. The moon is covered with dust because the president of our neighborhood
association said so.
9. Each human cell is very lightweight, so a human being composed of cells
is also very lightweight.
10.Every sentence in this paragraph is well-written, Thus, the paragraph is
well-written.
11.Germany is a militant country. Thus, each German citizen is militant.
12.Every member of the country club is over 65 years old. Thus, the country
club must be over 65 years old.
13.Every slice of this pie is wedge-shaped. Thus, the entire pie must be
wedge-shaped.
14.The U.S. Congress is incompetent. Therefore, Congressman Gephardt is
incompetent.
15.If you dont accept that the Sun orbits the Earth, rather than the other
way around, then youll be excommunicated from the Church.
16.Teenager to state trooper: Please officer, dont give me a ticket. My
parents will take the car away from me and my life will be miserable.
Besides, its not my fault Prof. Leclerc dismissed us later than usual and
made me rush to get to work on time.
17.Who cares what you think about movies? You're just an ignorant American
who doesn't know anything about real culture.
18.Friedrich Nietzsches philosophy is not worth the paper its printed on.
Nietzsche was a fascist, immoral reprobate who went completely insane
from syphilis before he died.
19.Attorney to jury: My client comes from a poor, hard-working family in the
poorest part of town. As you can see, he is only a young man, and his
physical disabilities and traumatic emotional scars have made life a cruel
struggle out there in the crime-ridden streets. He is clearly a victim
himself, having been crushed by forces beyond his control. Consequently,
ladies and gentleman of the jury, my client is obviously not guilty of
armed robbery.
20.Advertising commercial: Of course you want to wear Nike gear. Dude, 90%
of America is down with Nike. Do you really want to be the only person not
wearing Nike?
21.You should pass my essay because my parents will be angry with me if I
fail.
22.John has been proven to be a liar numerous times, therefore you should
reject his testimony and acquit my client.
23.Tenant to landlady: Ms. Helmsley, I know Im three months behind in the
rent and that my biker friends occasionally punch holes in the apartment
walls. But please reconsider your decision to evict me. After all, Im an 18year-old single mother, just lost my job at CVS, and have no employment
background or education to fall back on. And my alcoholic mother and
abusive boyfriend have already refused to take me in. As a decent human
being with a good heart, I hope you can appreciate my desperate
situation.
24.Don't believe what James says about global warming, he's homosexual.
25.God must exist because science hasn't proven he doesn't yet.
Exercise 4: SQUARE OF OPPOSITION

A. Contrary B. Sub-contrary C. Contradictory D. Sub-altern
If Not applicable, write NA
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3. Majority of FEU students are diligent.
A.
B.
C.
D.
4. FEU students are prayerful.
A.
B.
C.
D.
5. Not all FEU students are passive.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Exercise 5: OPPOSITION OF PROPOSITIONS
1. Many FEU students are responsible individuals. TRUE
_______________A. All FEU students are responsible individuals.______
_______________B. Not all FEU students are responsible individuals.______
_______________C. No FEU students are responsible individuals.______
2. Every FEU student is a loving child. TRUE
_______________A. Every FEU student is not a loving child.______
_______________B. Some FEU students are loving children.______
_______________C. Some FEU students are not loving children.______
3. Not all FEU students are noisy. FALSE
_______________A. All FEU students are noisy.______
_______________B. No FEU students are noisy.______
_______________C. Some FEU students are noisy.______
4. No FEU students are atheists. FALSE
_______________A. All FEU students are atheists.______
_______________B. Some FEU students are atheists.______
_______________C. Some FEU students are not atheist.______
5. Majority of students are intelligent. TRUE
_______________A. All students are intelligent.______
_______________B. Some students are not intelligent.______
_______________C. No students are intelligent.______
Exercise 6: Eduction
A. Conversion B. Obversion C. Complete Contraposition D. Inversion
A.
B.
3. Majority of FEU students are not diligent.
C.
4. All FEU students are prayerful.

D.
5. Not all FEU students are passive.

A.
Exercise 7: Eduction & Square of Opposition

1. Give the contrary of the obverse of the sub-contrary of the obverse of the converse of
the obverse of the sub-altern of the contradictory of NO FEU STUDENTS ARE CHEATERS.
2. Give the complete contraposition of the sub-altern of the converse of the obverse of the
contradictory of the sub-altern of SOME FEU STUDENTS ARE PRAYERFUL.
Exercise 8: Arguments
Put P before the Premises. Put C before the Conclusions.
1.
________1.1. Most FEU students are diligent.
________1.2. But, Ron is an FEU student.
________1.3. So, Ron is diligent.
2.
________2.1.
________2.2.
________2.3.
________2.4.
________2.5.
SBC is a school and is sectarian.

UST is a school and is sectarian.
ADMU is a school and is sectarian.
SPUM is a school and is sectarian.
So, all schools are sectarian.
3.
________3.1. All the Oscar-nominated films that I have seen have commercial appeal.
________3.2. So, all Oscar-nominated films have commercial appeal.
4.
________4.1. Only 20% of FEU students are rich.
________4.2. But, Rambo is an FEU student.
________4.3. Ergo, Rambo is rich.
5.
________5.1. Majority of FEU students are responsible.
________5.2. But, Renzel is an FEU student.
________5.2. Hence, Renzel is responsible.
Exercise 9: Deductive and Inductive Arguments
State whether the arguments in Exercise 8 are Deductive or Inductive. Plot the diagram of
each argument.
Exercise 10: Categorical Syllogism

a. conclusion b. minor term c. major term d. middle term e. major premise f. minor
premise
1. Every FEU student is responsible.
But, Bong is an FEU student.
So, Bong is responsible.
a.
b.
c.
d.
c.
d.
e.
f.
2. Most FEU students are diligent.
But, Rodison is not diligent.
So, Rodison is an FEU student.
a.
b.
e.
f.
3. Most FEU students are assertive.
But, most FEU students are honest.
So, most honest persons are assertive.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
4. No FEU students are arrogant.
No FEU students are abusive.
Thus, no arrogant people are abusive.
a.
b.
e.
f.
c.
d.
5. Several FEU students are prayerful.

But, several FEU students are respectful.
Ergo, all respectful persons are prayerful.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
6. A star is a heavenly body.
But, Lea Salonga is a star.
Ergo, Lea Salonga is a heavenly body.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Determine the quantity of each term and the quality of each proposition.
1. 1.1. Every (a. FEU student) is (b. responsible).
1.2. But, (c. Bong) is an (d. FEU student).
1.3. So, (e. Bong) is (f. responsible).
1.1. (Universal or Particular)(Affirmative or Negative)
a. (Universal or Particular)
b. (Universal or Particular)
c. (Universal or Particular)
d. (Universal or Particular)
e. (Universal or Particular)
f. (Universal or Particular)






Refer to your answers in Exercise numbers 10 and 11.
a. Valid or Invalid b. If Valid, write VALID, Figure No., & Mood; If Invalid, write INVALID
and Fallacies committed.
1. Every FEU student is responsible.
So, Bong is responsible.
a. conclusion b. minor term c. major term d. middle term e. major premise f. minor
premise
g. Valid or Invalid
h. If Valid, state the figure number and moods; If Invalid, state the fallacies committed
1. Every FEU student is not arrogant.
So, Bong is not arrogant.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
2. Many FEU students are diligent.

But, Rodison is an FEU student.
So, Rodison is diligent.
h.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
3. Majority of FEU students exhibit proper decorum.

But, all FEU students are well-educated.
Hence, majority of well-educated individuals exhibit proper decorum.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
4. Few FEU students are lazy.

But, Few FEU students are passive.
Thus, few passive people are lazy.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
5. Not every FEU student is aggressive.

But, several aggressive individuals are males.
Ergo, several males are FEU students.
a.
h.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
6. No FEU students are submissive.

But, not all submissive individuals are poor.
Ergo, not all poor people are FEU students.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
7. Some FEU students have leadership skills.

But, not all FEU students are officers.
Ergo, some officers have leadership skills.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Exercise 14: Hypothetical Syllogism

a. Type of Syllogism b. Valid or Invalid c. If Valid, state the Modus
1. If a person is a Muslim, then he believes in Allah.
But, he is a Muslim.
So, he believes in Allah.
2. A person is either diligent or not diligent.
But, he is diligent.
So, he is not not diligent.
3. No person can be a cum laude and a moron at the same time.
But, he is a moron.
So, he is not a cum laude.
4. If a person is a Muslim, then he believes in Allah.
But, he does not believe in Allah.
So, he is not a Muslim.
5. No person can be a cum laude and a moron at the same time.
But, he is not a moron.
So, he is a cum laude.
6. If a person has a big heart, then he must be generous.
But, he has a big heart.
So, he is generous.
7. A person is either diligent or not diligent.
But, he is not diligent.
So, he is not diligent.
8. If a person has a big heart, then he must be generous.
But, he is not generous.
So, he does not have a big heart.
9. A person is either singing or dancing.
But, he is singing.
So, he is not dancing.
10.If a person has a big heart, then he must be generous.
But, he is generous.
So, he has a big heart.

LOGIC

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1 moabdon@yahoo.com.

Exercise 2: HYPOTHETICAL PROPOSITION

1. If a person is generous, then he must have

Exercise 3: Informal Fallacies

b. Appeal to Force c. Appeal to Pity d. Appeal to Ignorance

Exercise 4: SQUARE OF OPPOSITION

4. All FEU students are prayerful.

5. Not all FEU students are passive.

Exercise 7: Eduction & Square of Opposition

SBC is a school and is sectarian.

Exercise 10: Categorical Syllogism

5. Several FEU students are prayerful.

Exercise 11: Categorical Syllogism

2. Most FEU students are diligent.

3. Most FEU students are assertive.

4. No FEU students are arrogant.

5. Several FEU students are prayerful.

6. A star is a heavenly body.

Exercise 12: Categorical Syllogism

2. Many FEU students are diligent.

3. Majority of FEU students exhibit proper decorum.

4. Few FEU students are lazy.

5. Not every FEU student is aggressive.

6. No FEU students are submissive.

7. Some FEU students have leadership skills.

Exercise 14: Hypothetical Syllogism

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