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welcome to
Eyhab Al-Masri
1
Course Information
Term
Class No.
Section
Lectures Location
5712
LEC 001
DWE 1501
Fall 2014
Lectures Time
Wednesdays 10:00 am - 11:20 am
Fridays
10:00 am - 11:20 am
Instructor Name
Office
Office Hours
DC 2555B
ealmasri@uwaterloo.ca
TA Name
Office
Office Hours
Mina Farid
TBA
mfathy@uwaterloo.ca
TBA
Abhishek Singhi
TBA
asinghi@uwaterloo.ca
TBA
Textbook
Fundamentals of Database Systems
Authors: Ramez Elmasri & Shamkant Navathe
Publisher: Addison-Wesley (2010)
6th Edition (5th edition may also work)
ISBN: 0136086209
Course Evaluation
25%
25%
50%
4%
Course Content
Relational algebra
Extended ER model
DBMS architecture
Transactions
Distributed databases
Data warehouses
Data analytics
Data modeling
DBMS functionality
Related topics
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Assignments
Three/four assignments throughout the term
Sample solutions released on due date
Clickers
Wireless student response system
Active learning lasts longer than passive listening
Clicker questions allow you to show me what you understand
without having to raise your hand and identify yourself
You will get some credit up to 4% bonus for correct answers
(based on best 80%)
Turn it on:
Press the ON/OFF button. A solid blue light should appear next to the top Power button. If your clicker
came wrapped in packaging, pull out the small plastic tab on the back to activate the batteries.
The code for each classroom (AA for DWE 1501) is posted near the podium at the front of the class.
When a clicker is turned off it forgets any changes in frequency and the clicker frequency is again AA
when the clicker is turned on.
Summary
Be sure to check the course website regularly
http://learn.uwaterloo.ca
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Concurrency Control
Controlling concurrent access to information
Data Mining
Discovering patterns in data
Data Storage
Software & hardware that can fit large amounts of data
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Electrical Engineering
Software Development
Mechanical Engineering
Computer Science
Science
Business
among many others
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Databases and
Database Users
Chapter 1
1992-2014 by Addison Wesley & Pearson Education, Inc., McGraw-Hill. Some material
adapted and modified from Fundamentals of Database Systems (Elmasri et al.)
what is a database?
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Introduction
Database
Collection of related data
Data
known facts that can be recorded and that have implicit meaning
Introduction
Example of a large commercial database
Amazon.com, eBay, Facebook, Twitter
Introduction
Basic Functions of DBMS
Defining a database
Specify the data types, structures, and constraints of the data to be
stored
Uses a Data Definition Language (DDL)
Meta-data
Database definition or descriptive information
Stored by the DBMS in the form of a database catalog or dictionary
Constructing a database
Process of storing data on some storage medium controlled by the
DBMS
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Introduction
Basic Functions of DBMS
Manipulating a database
Query and update the database miniworld
Generate reports
Uses Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Sharing a database
Allow multiple users and programs to access the database
simultaneously
Introduction
Basic Functions of DBMS
Populating a database
Inserting data to reflect the miniworld
Application program
Accesses database by sending queries to DBMS
Query
Causes some data to be retrieved
e.g. retrieve bank account balance
Transaction
May cause some data to be read and some data to be written into the
database
e.g., buying a product, transferring funds
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Introduction
Basic Functions of DBMS
Protecting a database
System protection
against hardware or software malfunction (i.e. crashes)
Security protection
against unauthorized or malicious access
Maintaining a database
Allow the system to evolve as requirements change over time
An Example
UNIVERSITY database
Information concerning students, courses, and grades in a university
environment
Data records
STUDENT
COURSE
SECTION
GRADE_REPORT
PREREQUISITE
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An Example
An Example
Simplified Database System Environment
Structured Query
Language (SQL)
Data Manipulation
Language (DML)
Data Definition
Language (DDL)
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An Example
To construct the UNIVERSITY database
Store data to represent each student, course, section, grade report,
and prerequisite as a record in appropriate file
An Example
Examples of queries:
Retrieve the transcript
a list of all courses and grades of Smith
List the names of students who took the section of the Database
course offered in fall 2008 and their grades in that section
List the prerequisites of the Database course
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An Example
Examples of updates:
Change the class of Smith to sophomore
Create a new section for the Database course for this semester
Enter a grade of A for Smith in the Database section of last
semester
An Example
Phases for Designing a Database
Phases for designing a database:
Requirements specification and analysis
Documented in details
Conceptual design
Represented and manipulated using some computerized tools
Logical design
Expressed in a data model (i.e. Relational Data Model)
Physical design
Further specifications are provided for storing and accessing the database
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Registrar
Office Files
Accounting
Office Files
Registrar Office
Application
.
.
.
Accounting
Office
Application
.
.
.
Registrar
Office Users
Accounting
Office Users
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2.
Program-Data Dependency
4.
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Database Approach
Database approach
Overcomes the limitations of the traditional file approach
Single repository maintains data that is defined once and then
accessed by various users
2.
3.
4.
Database Approach
Example
Registrar Office
Application
.
.
.
Accounting
Office
Application
.
.
.
Registrar
Office
Users
Common
Shared
Database
Accountin
g Office
Users
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Persistence of data
Transaction control
Concurrency control
Recovery control
Querying
Integrity control
Data security
Version control
Performance tuning
DBMS software is
not written for a
specific database
application
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Program-operation independence
Interface (or signature) includes operation name and data types of its
arguments
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Data model
Type of data abstraction used to provide conceptual representation
It uses logical concepts such as objects, their properties, and their
interrelationships
Hides implementation and storage details
Multiuser DBMS
Users have a variety of distinct applications
Must provide facilities for defining multiple views
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Atomicity property
Either all the database operations in a transaction are executed or none
are
Data Centers
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Data Centers
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Data Centers
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Data Centers
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