Segundo Seminario de Potamologa

Jos Antonio Maza lvarez

Restauracin de ros para la sustentabilidad
ambiental
Villahermosa, Tabasco, 26 a 28 de Agosto de 2009
The Amazon River

Aplicaciones de la Dinmica de
Fluidos Computacional
Alatna River, Alaska

Marcelo H Garcia

Bermejo River, Argentina

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

UCAYALI RIVER
To

Am
az
on

riv
e

~ 25 Km

~ 3.5 Km

~ 10 Km

ow
Fl

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Key features subaerial meandering channel

Air

Water

1. Water super-elevation

H U2 H
St = Fr
=
Rc gH Rc
2

2. Natural Secondary flow or helical flow

a. Response of flow to local curvature
b. Fully developed secondary flow
3. Steady bed morphology (depositional near inner-bank and
erosional near outer-bank)
Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Response to local curvature and development of the natural

secondary flow

~d

Inner bank

0
s
Outer
b

a nk

~S2
Inner b
ank

B
n

~S4

~S6

Outer bank

ST
E
W

15
S
C

0 = 110
2B=0.60m
Hc=0.40m

c ~ 10m
e d
w
sk e
0 0
S
C

S T
A
E

Introduction

V1

Background

1 0
S
C
w
F lo

V2

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

2 0
S
C
r
e te

3 0
S
C

V4

p
m
u
P

V3

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

IP
CCG
HTR

Abad and Garcia (2009a)

In nature: Transitional secondary flows

Near Amazon river, Brazil(1)

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Real bed morphology (bedforms)

Randal Dinehart

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Real bed morphology (bedforms)

Parsons et al. (2005)

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Finite element method (FEM), k- turbulence model, Unstructured mesh, Parallelization

with MPI, mesh partitioning with ParMETIS, parallel matrix solver with PETSc, LSM

= 0.5 (free surface)

A
A

A-A
gas (<0.5)
liquid (>0.5)

numerical boundary

real boundary

Real bed morphology (bedforms)

Shedding bedforms

Abad and Garcia (2009b)

Abad et al. (2009)

Using tetrahedral elements (only showing the triangles at the bed)

Hypothesis 1

Hypothesis 2

Hypothesis 3

Interpretation/Conclusions

Future Research

Upstream condition
T = 1hr

RVR Meander:
A linearized model for
meandering migration for largespatial scales
Abad and Garcia (2006)
Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

RVR Meander (http://vtchl.uiuc.edu/our-work/software/rvrmeander/)

(1) Pre-processing

(2) Characterization of meandering rivers,

RVRMeander.exe

(3) Planform migration

Non-cohesive sediment Channel width is constant

RVR Meander
stand-alone

Quasi-steady condition Vertical banks

Bank erosion E (excess velocity)

ArcGIS91RVRMeander.dll

RVR Meander
for GIS
RVR Meander was developed using
Visual C++, ArcObjects library

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

RVR Meander flow chart

Start

Pre-processing

Input
centerlines

Characterization of rivers

Input data: Lag

time between t1
and t2, meander

Statistical analysis module: requires

3 centerlines (t1, t2, valley)

Selection

Statistical
analysis

River migration module: requires

only one centerline (t1)

Planform evolution

River
migration

Results

End

Enhancement of
Conceptual model
Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Input data: Initial curvature

and perturbation velocity, ,
Q, B, ds, #years, #
iterations, Eo

Statistical analysis module: GUI showing

parameters (Avg. shift, Sinuosity,
Curvature, among other)
River migration module: GUI showing
values of planform migration and
drawing a new object (Windows-based:
polyline entity, GIS-based: shape file).
Results can also be exported as ASCII
file
Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

RVR Meander pre-processing tool (cubic splines and filtering)

Guneralp & Rhoads (2006), Fagherazzi et al. (2004)

Parametric Cubic Splines

x( s ) = i , j s

j 1

y ( s) = i , j s

j 1

j =4
j =1

j =4
j =1

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

RVR Meander migration model

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

RVR Meander : Bermejo River

Application

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Bermejo River

2005

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Bermejo River
Puente Lavalle

Puente Lavalle

Introduction

Background

1972

Puente Lavalle

1989

2000

Puente Lavalle

2005

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Bermejo River: Upstream effect

Puente
Lavalle

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Bermejo River: Downstream effect

Puente
Lavalle

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Bermejo River

Bridge
Lavalle
Possible cutoff

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Bermejo River
Bridge Lavalle
Q = 1500 m3/s

Sinuosity
Valley

1.112037

2005 Jan

1.477025

2005 Aug

1.555021

Average-stream

1.516023

Averaged Absolute Normal

128.9875

Average-change

0.155993

Averaged Absolute Transversal

79.91783

Averaged Absolute Longitudinal

84.7112

Shift

Curvature

Introduction

Averaged-Valley

0.001473

Averaged-2005Jan

0.000611

Averaged-2005Aug

0.000626

Averaged-changed
Valley

0.000619

Background

___ 2005 January

___ 2005 August

Shift ratio (tras/long)

0.943415

Averaged Transversal

-79.9178

Averaged Longitudinal

30.80746

Area reworked

195.5481

_ _ Valley

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Bermejo River: Migration between Jan 2005 to Aug 2005

If Lup < Lds
Upstream skewed
If Lup > Lds
Downstream skewed

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

1) External boundary condition imposed by Lavalle bridge (Abad et al.,

2006, Congreso Latinoamericano de Hidralica, Venezuela)
The case of freely meandering rivers

The case of the Bermejo River

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

1) External boundary condition imposed by Lavalle bridge (Abad et al.,

2006, Congreso Latinoamericano de Hidralica, Venezuela)
The case of self-formed meandering rivers

(Christian A. Braudrick and Bill Dietrich)

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

1) External boundary condition imposed by Lavalle bridge (Abad et al.,

2006, Congreso Latinoamericano de Hidralica, Venezuela)
Experiments of self-formed meandering channels (Christian A. Braudrick and Bill Dietrich)
T = 4 minutes, Q = 0.5 L/s

T = 94 minutes, Q = 1.5 L/s

T = 3.5 hours, Q = 0.76 L/s

T 10.8 hours, Q = 0.76 L/s

T = 12.6 hours, Q = 1.5 L/s

T = 13.5 hours, Q = 0.76 L/s

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

CFD application to bank

erosion control a reachscale problem

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Riverbank erosion control: direct methods

Sustainable Erosion Control

Installing Willow Hurdles to Prevent Riverbank Erosion

- SW London
http://www.slimwetwillows.co.uk/erosion.htm

THE WES STREAM INVESTIGATION AND STREAMBANK STABILIZATION

HANDBOOK

Surface armor

Gabions

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Riverbank erosion control: indirect methods

THE WES STREAM INVESTIGATION AND
STREAMBANK STABILIZATION HANDBOOK, 1997

(a) Palisades

(d) Jack field (retard)

Introduction

Background

(b) Impermeable dikes

(c) Board Fence Retard

(e) Bendway Weirs on Harland Creek

SUBMERGED VANES

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

http://www.seamentshorelinesystem.com/groins.html

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Brookside farm (Sugar creek)

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Field measurements: Brookside farm (Sugar creek)

S1
S2
S8
S7

Introduction

Background

S6 S5 S4

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

S3

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Low-, medium- and high-flow conditions: Velocity magnitude

Weir1

Weir2

Weir3

Weir4
Weir5

Weir3

Weir4

Block 3

Weir3

Weir3

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

Weir4

Weir4

General Conclusions

Near-bed U*: (a) Low-,(b) medium-,(c) high-flows

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Helical flow in a bend

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Secondary flow at Low-, medium- and high-flows

Weir4
Weir3

OUTER BANK

INNER BANK

[4]

[4]

[4]

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Weir4

Low flow: Weir 3

WEIR 3

Stagnation line

Weir3

Weir4

Stagnation line

Weir3

Weir3

Introduction

Weir4

Background

Stagnation line

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Validation Section 4 Low-flow condition

BBW1

S8

BBW2

BBW5

S7

BBW4

MEASURED

Introduction

Background

BBW3

S6 S5 S4

S1

S2

S3

MODELED
(using k-e model)

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

DIFFERENCE

V ji[ COM ] = [V ji[ MOD ] V ji[ MEA] ]

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Shear layer and free surface

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Near bed shear velocity (m/s)

= 90 (LES modeling)

= 40 (LES modeling)

Introduction

Background

RVR Meander/Bermejo river

Applications/BBW

General Conclusions

Three-dimensional Hydrodynamics and Water

Quality Modeling of the Chicago River, IL

Xiaofeng Liu, Sumit Sinha, Nahil Sobh, Marcelo

H. Garcia

Chicago River

Simulation Results for DO at 36th Street

14

CSO Events

36th Street Avg

36th Street Layer 1

12

36th Street Layer 2

36th Street Layer 3
36th Street Layer 4
Measurement

10

DO (mg/l)

DO Depletions
8

0
12/24/2007

1/3/2008

1/13/2008

1/23/2008

2/2/2008
Date

2/12/2008

2/22/2008

3/3/2008

3/13/2008

Bubbly Creek, Chicago

Regimes

dry periods:
no flow

heavy storms:
Combined Sewer
Overflow (CSO)
Objectives

Bubby Creek

The models

CSO event

Purification

Conclusions

CSO event -Phase 1

Flow
direction

Phase 1
Model:
2-D depth-averaged STREMR-HySedWq
Objectives

Bubby Creek

The models

CSO event

Purification

Conclusions

CSO event - Phase 1 Hydrodynamics

Objectives

Bubby Creek

The models

CSO event

Purification

Conclusions

Phase 1 Transport of sediments and water quality

After 7.66Bubby
hours
Objectives
Creek

The models

After
7.66 hours
CSO
event
Purification

Conclusions

Purification scenarios

SCENARIO 1: flow recirculation of 50 MGD (2.19 m3/s), northward flow in the creek
Summer or after CSO event scenario; abstraction of daily fluctuation due to photosynthesis and
respiration.

BOD: oxidation and settling  BOD concentration decreases;

DO: oxidation and sediment oxygen demand (SOD) from the bed  DO concentration decreases;
reaeration from the atmosphere  DO concentration increases.

Objectives

Bubby Creek

The models

CSO event

Purification

Conclusions

Purification scenarios (contd.)

SCENARIO 2:
aeration (1.31
SCENARIO 3:
aeration (1.31

Objectives

flow recirculation (northward flow in the creek) plus supplemental

g/s) in one location in the creek
flow recirculation (northward flow in the creek) plus supplemental
g/s) in the recirculation pipe

Bubby Creek

The models

CSO event

Purification

Conclusions

Evidence of Density Current at Confluence by Field Measurement

Jackson et al.
Science of
the Total
Environment

ADCP Uplooker Measurement at

the Upstream of the Junction Shows Density Current due to CSO

CSO Event of 01/08/2008

CSO Event of 02/17/2008


Influence

factors

Main channel discharge

CSO discharge

CSO particle concentration

Case 1
Case 5

Case 2
Case 6

Case 3
Case 7

Case 4

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

1000
800

Qcso=35 m3/s

600
400

Front Location (m)

Plunging Point (m)
0

10

15

20

200
25

30

Plunging Point (m)

Front Location (m)

Effects of Main Channel Flow Discharge

Main Channel Normal Flow (m /s)

0.025

Front Slope

0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
0

10

15

20

25
3

Main Channel Normal Flow (m /s)

30

Comentarios Finales

En la ultima decada se han logrado grandes avances en la

hidrodinamica computacional con aplicaciones en la
hidraulica ambiental fluvial, ambiental y la morfodinamica
de rios.
Es necesario complementar la modelacion numerica con
experimentos de laboratorio y observaciones de campo para
poder calibrar, verificar y validar los resultados numericos.
La modelacion numerica no es una panacea sino una
herramienta mas a disposicion de la ingenieria ambiental y
fluvial que se debe utilizar con cautela, sentido comun, y
sabiendo cuales son sus alcances y limitaciones.

Gracias

Racine Avenue Pumping Station, Chicago Illinois