MATERIALS AND METHODS

Metformin hydrochloride was obtained as a gift sample from Strides Arcolab Ltd., Bangalore.
Chitosan was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Bangalore. HPMC was obtained from Shreeji
chemicals, Mumbai, India. Dibutyl phthalate was obtained from SD Fine Chemicals,
Mumbai. All other chemicals and reagents used in the study were of analytical grade.
Preparation of the Transdermal Patches
Matrix type transdermal patches of Metformin HCl were prepared by solvent evaporation
technique using different proportions of polymers like Chitosan and HPMC in cylindrical
glass mould with open end on both sides.
The backing membrane was cast by pouring 5% (w/v) PVA solution on bottom of the mould
which was wrapped with aluminum foil followed by drying at 60C for 6 h in an oven.
Requisite ratios of the two polymers were weighed and they were then dissolved in ethanol:
dichloromethane (1:1) as a solvent. Dibutyl phthalate (20%) of polymer composition was
used as a plasticizer. The drug was added 20% w/w of the total weight of polymer, in the
homogeneous dispersion, by slow stirring on a magnetic stirrer. On the PVA backing
membrane casted earlier the uniform dispersion (3 ml each) was casted and dried at 40C for
6 h. After drying patches were removed from the mold, wrapped with aluminium foil and
kept in desiccators until they were used for further study. The formulation chart is given in
Table 1.
Evaluation of Transdermal Patches
Drug polymer Interaction Study7
The physicochemical compatibility between Metformin HCl and polymers used in the films
was studied by using Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR- 8400, Shimadzu Co., Japan)
spectroscopy. The pellatization was done by the KBr pellet method. The FT-IR spectra were
recorded in the wavelength region between 4000 and 400 cm -1. The spectra obtained for
Metformin HCl and physical mixtures of Metformin HCl with polymers were compared.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
About 5 mg of sample was weighed and crimped into an aluminium pan and analysed at scan
range from 0 C - 300C at the heating rate of 5C/min under nitrogen flow of 25ml/min.
Scanning electron microscopy
Morphological details of the transdermal patches after swelling were determined by using a
scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Folding endurance8,9
The prepared patches were measured manually for folding endurance. The folding of the
patches was repeated at the same place till they broke. The accurate value of folding
endurance was given by the number of times the patches could be folded at the same place
without breaking.
Uniformity of thickness8
The uniformity of thickness of transdermal patches was measured by micrometer with least
count of 0-0.1 mm. At five different points the thickness of the patch was measured and the
average of five readings with the standard deviation was calculated.
Moisture content10

The prepared patches were marked, then individually weighed and kept in a vacuum
desiccator containing diphosphorus pentoxide at room temperature for 24 h. The patches were
individually weighed until they showed a constant weight. The percentage of moisture
content was calculated as a difference between initial and final weight with respect to final
weight.
% of moisture content = (X-Y/Y) 100
Where, X = initial weight, Y = final weight.
Moisture uptake10
The weighed patches were kept for drying in vacuum desiccator at normal room temperature
for 24 h upto a constant weight and then exposed to 84% relative humidity (saturated solution
of potassium chloride).
% of moisture uptake = (Y-X/X) 100
Where, X = initial weight, Y = final weight.

BAHAN DAN METODE

Metformin hidroklorida diperoleh sebagai sampel hadiah dari Kemajuan Arcolab Ltd,
Bangalore. Chitosan dibeli dari Sigma Aldrich, Bangalore. HPMC diperoleh dari Shreeji
kimia, Mumbai, India. Dibutil ftalat diperoleh dari SD Fine Chemicals, Mumbai. Semua
bahan kimia lainnya dan reagen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas analitis.
Persiapan Transdermal Patch
Jenis Matrix patch transdermal dari Metformin HCl disiapkan dengan teknik penguapan
pelarut menggunakan proporsi yang berbeda dari polimer seperti Chitosan dan HPMC dalam
cetakan kaca silinder dengan ujung terbuka di kedua sisi.
Membran dukungan dilemparkan dengan menuangkan 5% (w / v) larutan PVA di bawah
cetakan yang dibungkus dengan aluminium foil diikuti oleh pengeringan pada suhu 60 C
selama 6 jam dalam oven. Rasio diperlukan dari dua polimer ditimbang dan mereka
kemudian dilarutkan dalam etanol: diklorometana (1: 1) sebagai pelarut. Dibutil ftalat (20%)
dari komposisi polimer digunakan sebagai plasticizer. Obat itu ditambahkan 20% b / b dari
berat total polimer, dalam dispersi homogen, dengan pengadukan lambat pada pengaduk
magnetik. Pada membran PVA dukungan dicor sebelumnya dispersi seragam (masing-masing
3 ml) dicor dan dikeringkan pada 40 C selama 6 jam. Setelah kering patch dikeluarkan dari
cetakan, dibungkus dengan aluminium foil dan disimpan dalam desikator sampai mereka
digunakan untuk studi lebih lanjut. Grafik formulasi diberikan dalam Tabel 1.
Evaluasi Transdermal Patch
Obat polimer Interaksi Study7
Kompatibilitas fisikokimia antara Metformin HCl dan polimer yang digunakan dalam film
dipelajari dengan menggunakan transformasi-inframerah Fourier (FT-IR 8400, Shimadzu Co,
Jepang) spektroskopi. Pellatization ini dilakukan dengan metode pelet KBr. Spektrum FT-IR
tercatat di wilayah panjang gelombang antara 4000 dan 400 cm -1. Spektrum yang diperoleh
untuk Metformin HCl dan campuran fisik Metformin HCl dengan polimer dibandingkan.
Differential Scanning kalorimetri
Sekitar 5 mg sampel ditimbang dan berkerut ke panci aluminium dan dianalisis di kisaran
pemindaian dari 0 C - 300C pada tingkat pemanasan suhu 5 derajat celcius / min di bawah
aliran nitrogen dari 25ml / menit.
Pemindaian mikroskop elektron
Rincian morfologi patch transdermal setelah pembengkakan ditentukan dengan menggunakan
mikroskop elektron scanning (SEM).
Endurance8,9 Folding
Patch siap diukur secara manual untuk daya tahan lipat. Lipat dari patch diulang di tempat
yang sama sampai mereka pecah. Nilai akurat ketahanan lipat diberikan dengan jumlah kali
patch bisa dilipat di tempat yang sama tanpa melanggar.
Keseragaman thickness8
Keseragaman ketebalan patch transdermal diukur dengan mikrometer dengan jumlah paling
0-0,1 mm. Pada lima poin yang berbeda ketebalan patch diukur dan rata-rata lima bacaan
dengan standar deviasi dihitung.
Kelembaban content10
Patch siap ditandai, kemudian ditimbang dan disimpan dalam desikator vakum mengandung
diphosphorus pentoksida pada suhu kamar selama 24 jam. Patch secara individual ditimbang
sampai mereka menunjukkan berat konstan. Persentase kadar air dihitung sebagai perbedaan
antara berat badan awal dan akhir sehubungan dengan berat akhir.
% Dari kadar air = (X-Y / Y) 100
Dimana, X = berat awal, Y = berat akhir.
Kelembaban uptake10

Patch yang ditimbang disimpan untuk mengeringkan dalam desikator vakum pada suhu
kamar yang normal selama 24 jam upto berat konstan dan kemudian terkena 84%
kelembaban relatif (larutan jenuh kalium klorida).
% Dari serapan air = (Y-X / X) 100
Dimana, X = berat awal, Y = berat akhir., X = initial weight, Y = final weight.