5.5 Oscillations (SHM)

Edexcel Physics Unit 5
Topic Questions from Papers
Oscillations (SHM)
physicsandmathstutor.com
June 2010
SECTION B
Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
11 A toy for cats consists of a plastic mouse of mass m attached to a spring. When the
mouse is on a low-friction horizontal surface, with the spring attached to a rigid support
as shown, it performs simple harmonic motion when given a small displacement x from
its equilibrium position and released.
(a) Show that the acceleration of the mouse, a, is given by a

stiffness of the spring.
k
x , where k is the
m
(2)
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(b) The mouse has a mass m = 0.15 kg and the spring extends by 20 cm when the
mouse is supported vertically by the spring.
Calculate the frequency of oscillation of the mouse if it is set into oscillation on a
low friction horizontal surface.
(5)
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Frequency = ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 11 = 7 marks)
*N36116A0524*
Turn over
June 2010
*18 Read this passage and answer the questions that follow.
The Millennium Bridge opened on 10 June 2000 as Londons first new Thames
crossing in more than 100 years. The bridge uses lateral suspension an engineering
innovation that allows suspension bridges to be built without tall supporting columns.
Tens of thousands of people crossed the bridge on its opening day. The structure was
designed to take the weight, but suddenly the bridge began to sway and twist in regular
oscillations. The worst of the movement occurred on the central span where the edge
of the bridge oscillated through a total distance of 70 mm.
To solve the problem the engineers decided to use damping mechanisms giant shock
absorbers to limit the bridges response to external forces. They decided to use two
systems: viscous dampers, similar to car shock absorbers, and tuned mass dampers.
A tuned mass damper is a large mass stiffened by springs.
16
*N36116A01624*
June 2010
(a) Name the effect that results in a system being driven into large amplitude
oscillations, and state the condition necessary for this to happen.
(2)
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(b) The graph shows the variation of velocity with time at the edge of the central span
of the bridge.
Velocity
Time
Mark on this graph:

(i) An instant X at which the displacement was a maximum.
(ii) An instant Y at which the acceleration was zero.
(1)
(1)
(c) Before modification the edge of the central span of the bridge oscillated with simple
harmonic motion, and had a maximum acceleration of 0.89 m s2. Calculate the
maximum velocity of the edge of the central span of the bridge.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Maximum velocity = ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*N36116A01724*
17
Turn over
June 2010
(d) The photograph shows the tuned mass dampers which were fitted to the bridge.
They are tuned to the natural frequency of oscillation of the bridge.
Discuss how the tuned mass dampers reduce the amplitude of the oscillations of the
bridge and explain why they must be very heavily damped.
(3)
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TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 70 MARKS
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS
18
*N36116A01824*
January 2011
16 Observing the display of a floating image clock relies on the phenomenon of

persistence of vision. The clock has a wand with a set of flashing light-emitting diodes
(LEDs) at its end. The wand oscillates rapidly back and forth and takes only 0.0625 s to
sweep from one end to the other. The wand becomes almost invisible to the eye, while
the flashing LEDs create a floating image effect.
Flashing LED
Wand
(a) The tip of the wand moves with simple harmonic motion as it sweeps through a
distance of 10.0 cm from one end to the other.
(i) Calculate the frequency of the wands oscillation.
(2)
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Frequency = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................
(ii) The speed of the wand varies as it sweeps back and forth. At what point will
the speed of the wand be a maximum?
(1)
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12
*N36114A01224*
January 2011
(iii) Calculate the maximum speed of the tip of the wand.

(2)
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Maximum speed =
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(b) In normal operation the clock may make a faint ticking or humming sound. An
unstable surface supporting the clock can result in noisy operation due to resonance.
(i) Explain what is meant by resonance.
(2)
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(ii) The clock is mounted on rubber feet so that it does not make direct contact with
surfaces. Explain how this helps to reduce the effects of resonance.
(2)
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*N36114A01324*
13
Turn over
June 2011
15 A student makes the ruler piano shown in the photograph.
One end of each ruler is held flat on the desk whilst the other end is set into oscillation.
Each ruler oscillates at a different frequency. Some of the rulers produce an audible
sound.
(a) State the condition for an oscillation to be simple harmonic.

(2)
............. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
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10
*P38417A01024*
June 2011
(b) The end of one ruler moves through 5.0 cm from one extreme position to the other,
and makes 10 complete oscillations in 4.5 s.
Calculate the maximum velocity of this end.
(3)
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Maximum velocity =
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(c) A standing wave is set up on each oscillating ruler.

Explain why each length of ruler oscillates at a different frequency.
(3)
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*P38417A01124*
11
Turn over
January 2012
13 (a) Define simple harmonic motion.
(2)
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(b) The graph shows the variation in water level displacement with time for the water in
a harbour. The water level displacement varies with simple harmonic motion.
7
Water depth / m
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Time / hours
(i) Use the graph to calculate the amplitude and the time period of the variation in
the water level displacement.
(2)
Amplitude =
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................
Time period =
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*P39850A0828*
January 2012
(ii) Show that the maximum rate of change of water level displacement is about
0.6 m hour1.
(3)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
(iii) On the axis below sketch how the rate of change of water level displacement
varies with time for the interval 030 hours. The variation in water level
displacement with time has been drawn for you. You need not add any
numerical values to the y-axis.
(2)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Time / hours
*P39850A0928*
Turn over
January 2012
*14 When a tuning fork is struck with a rubber hammer, a pure sound of fixed frequency is
produced. The photograph shows a tuning fork connected to a wooden sounding box.
Hammer
Tuning fork
Sound box
7KHVRXQGLQJER[DPSOLILHVWKHVRXQGSURGXFHGZKHQWKHWXQLQJIRUNLVVWUXFN
7KHVRXQGODVWVIRUDVKRUWHUWLPHWKDQLIWKHWXQLQJIRUNZHUHWREHVWUXFN
identically but without the sounding box.
Explain these observations.
(5)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
10
*P39850A01028*
January 2012
17 A pan attached to a spring balance is used to determine the mass of fruit and vegetables
in a supermarket.
A bunch of bananas is dropped into the pan. The pan oscillates with an initial amplitude
of 10 cm. The total mass of bananas and pan is 0.55 kg.
The spring constant of the system is 120 N m1.
(a) Calculate the period of oscillation of the pan.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
Period =
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................
(b) The oscillations of the pan are damped.

(i) Explain what is meant by this statement.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
14
*P39850A01428*
January 2012
(ii) Sketch a graph to show how the displacement of the damped pan varies with
time.
(3)
*P39850A01528*
15
Turn over
June 2012
17 The photograph shows a nodding tiger toy. The tiger is placed on a cars dashboard and
its head nods up and down as the car is driven along a rough road surface.
It is noticed that at a particular speed the tigers head vibrates with maximum amplitude.
(a) (i) What is the name of this phenomenon?
(1)
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Describe the conditions necessary for this phenomenon to occur.

(2)
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
*P39856A01428*
June 2012
(b) (i) The graph shows the variation of acceleration with time for the tigers head.
Using values from the graph calculate the amplitude of oscillation of the tigers
head.
(3)

2
1.2

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amplitude of oscillation =............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Sketch a graph of the heads displacement against time over the same time
interval on the axes below.
(2)
Displacement

*P39856A01528*
15
Turn over
January 2013
15

! "

#
#

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twice more.
Time / s
t1
t2
t3
6.2
6.6
&'
! +9

(3)
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:9;........................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
*P41630A01028*
!

January 2013
<

9

(2)
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
!

oscillations.
>@

(2)
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
! B

#

G

(2)
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*P41630A01128*
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List of data, formulae and relationships

Acceleration of free fall
g = 9.81 m s2
Boltzmann constant
k = 1.38 10 J K
Coulombs law constant
k = 1/40
(close to Earths surface)
= 8.99 109 N m2 C2
e = 1.60 1019 C
Electron charge
me = 9.11 1031 kg
Electron mass
Electronvolt
1 eV = 1.60 1019 J
Gravitational constant
G N m2 kg
Gravitational field strength
g = 9.81 N kg1
3HUPLWWLYLW\RIIUHHVSDFH
0 = 8.85 10 F m
(close to Earths surface)
h = 6.63 1034 J s
Planck constant
mp kg
Proton mass
c = 3.00 108 m s1
Speed of light in a vacuum

6WHIDQ%ROW]PDQQFRQVWDQW
8 W m2 K4
u = 1.66 10 kg
Unified atomic mass unit

Unit 1
Mechanics
Kinematic equations of motion
v = u + at
s = ut + at2
v 2 = u2 + 2as
Forces
F = ma
g = F/m
W = mg
:RUNDQGHQHUJ\
W = Fs
Ek = mv 2
Egrav = mgh
Materials
Stokes law
F UY
Hookes law
F = kx
Density
P9
Pressure
p = F/A
Young modulus
( where
Stress = F/A
Strain x/x
Elastic strain energy
Eel = Fx
*P43324A02124*
21
Turn over
Unit 2
Waves
Wave speed
Y I
Refractive index
1 2
= sin i/sin r = v1 /v2
Electricity

Potential difference
9 : 4
Resistance
5 9,
Electrical power, energy and

efficiency

3
3
3
:
9,
, 2R
9 2 /R
9,W
% efficiency =
useful energy output

100
total energy input
% efficiency =
useful power output

total power input
Resistivity
5 O$
Current
, 4t
,= nqvA
Resistors in series
R = R1 + R2 + R3
Resistors in parallel
1
1
1
1
= + +
R R1 R2 R3
4XDQWXPSK\VLFV
Photon model
E = hf
Einsteins photoelectric
equation
hf = o/ + mv 2max
22
*P43324A02224*
100
Unit 4
Mechanics
Momentum
p = mv
Kinetic energy of a
non-relativistic particle
Ek = p2/2m
Y U
T =
F = ma = mv2/r
a = v2/r
D U2
Motion in a circle
Fields

Coulombs law
F = N4142/r2 where k = 0
Electric field

( )4
( N4U2
( 9G
Capacitance
& 49
Energy stored in capacitor
W = 49
Capacitor discharge
4 40et/RC
In a magnetic field
) %,Osin
F = Bqv sin
U S%4
Faradays and Lenzs Laws
= d(No/ )/dt
Particle physics
0DVVHQHUJ\
E = c2 m
de Broglie wavelength
= h/p
*P43324A02324*
23
Turn over
Unit 5
Energy and matter
+HDWLQJ
E = mc
Molecular kinetic theory
mc 2 = / kT
Ideal gas equation
S9 1N7
Nuclear Physics
dN/dt N
Radioactive decay
= ln 2/t
N = N0et
Mechanics
Simple harmonic motion

D 2x
D $2 cos W
Y $ sin W
x = A cos W
T = 1 /f =
Gravitational force
F = Gm1m2 /r 2
Observing the universe
Radiant energy flux
F = L/ d 2
Stefan-Boltzmann law
L = T 4A
L = r 2T 4
:LHQV/DZ
maxT = 2.898 103 m K
Redshift of electromagnetic
radiation
z = f/fv/c
Cosmological expansion
v = H0 d
24
*P43324A02424*

5.5 Oscillations (SHM)

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5.5 Oscillations (SHM)

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Edexcel Physics Unit 5

Topic Questions from Papers

(a) Show that the acceleration of the mouse, a, is given by a

Mark on this graph:

Maximum velocity = ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 18 = 11 marks)

16 Observing the display of a floating image clock relies on the phenomenon of

(iii) Calculate the maximum speed of the tip of the wand.

(Total for Question 16 = 9 marks)

15 A student makes the ruler piano shown in the photograph.

(a) State the condition for an oscillation to be simple harmonic.

(c) A standing wave is set up on each oscillating ruler.

(Total for Question 15 = 8 marks)

13 (a) Define simple harmonic motion.

(Total for Question 14 = 5 marks)

(b) The oscillations of the pan are damped.

(Total for Question 17 = 7 marks)

(ii) Describe the conditions necessary for this phenomenon to occur.

Amplitude of oscillation =............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 17 = 8 marks)

! "   

!   

>@   

! B  

G   

(Total for Question 15 = 9 marks)

List of data, formulae and relationships

Coulombs law constant

(close to Earths surface)

Gravitational field strength

(close to Earths surface)

Speed of light in a vacuum

Unified atomic mass unit

Elastic strain energy

= sin i/sin r = v1 /v2

Electrical power, energy and

useful energy output

useful power output

F = N4142/r2 where k = 0

Energy stored in capacitor

Faradays and Lenzs Laws

Molecular kinetic theory

Ideal gas equation

Simple harmonic motion

Observing the universe

Radiant energy flux

maxT = 2.898 103 m K

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F = N4142/r2 where k = 0