Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Operations and
Productivity
Pokok Bahasan
Pendahuluan :
Mahasiswa memahami falsafah
Manajemen Operasional, fungsi operasi,
dan hubungannya dengan operasi
organisasi.
Perhitungan Produktivitas
Operations management
Production
Marketing
Generates
Generates demand/
gets customers
Operations
creates product or service
Finance/Accounting
Transactions
Processing
1984-1994
T/Maker Co.
Security
Finance/
Accounting
Organizational Functions
Obtains funds
Tracks money
Check
Clearing
Operations
Commercial Bank
Functions - Bank
Marketing
Teller
Scheduling
Ground
Support
Facility
Maintenance
Operations
Airline
Functions - Airline
Marketing
Flight
Operations
Manufacturing
Quality
Control
Operations
Production
Control
Finance/
Accounting
Catering
Purchasing
Finance/
Accounting
Functions - Manufacturer
Marketing
Manufacturing
10
9.
8.
7.
6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
Maintenance
Scheduling
Inventory management
Supply-chain management
Layout design
Location
Quality management
10.
Quality management
11
12
Location
Layout design
13
14
Maintenance
15
16
17
Technology/methods
Facilities/space utilization
Strategic issues
Response time
People/team development
Customer service
Quality
Cost reduction
Inventory reduction
Productivity improvement
18
The Heritage of
Operations Management
19
20
Eli Whitney
Frederick W. Taylor
Born 1856; died 1915
Known as father of scientific
management
In 1881, as chief engineer for Midvale
Steel, studied how tasks were done
Began first motion & time studies
21
22
23
24
Henry Ford
Born 1863; died 1947
In 1903, created Ford
Motor Company
In 1913, first used
moving assembly line
to make Model T
Unfinished product
moved by conveyor
past work station
1995 Corel
Corp.
W. Edwards Deming
25
26
Information science
Physical sciences
Biological science
Management science
Industrial engineering
Human factors
Contributions From
Significant Events in OM
27
28
CAD
To
Empowered
employees, teams
Mass customization
Rapid product
development,
alliances
Supply chain
partnering
Global focus
Just-in-time
New Challenges in OM
Batch shipments
From
Job specialization
Standard products
Lengthy product
development
29
30
Can be inventoried
Production usually
separate from
consumption
Consistent product
definition
Tangible product
Characteristics of Goods
Low customer
interaction
Intangible product
Often knowledge-based
31
Often unique
Frequently dispersed
Inconsistent product
definition
Characteristics of Service
32
Selling is part of
service
Quality difficult to
measure
Difficult to
inventory
Reselling unusual
Service
Goods
Can be inventoried
Some aspects of
quality measurable
Selling is distinct
from production
Goods
Product is
transportable
Site of facility
important for cost
Service
33
Often easy to
automate
Revenue generated
primarily from
tangible product
34
75
50
25
50
75
100
25
Automobile
Computer
Installed Carpeting
Fast-food Meal
Restaurant Meal
Auto Repair
Hospital Care
Advertising Agency
Investment Management
Consulting Service
Counseling
100
Percent of Product that is a Good
Past
Causes
Supply-chain
partners
Just-in-time
shipments
Global Focus
Future
Lengthy
product
development
Low-bid
purchasing
Rapid product
development,
alliances,
collaborative
designs
35
36
P ast
C au ses
M ass
cu sto m izatio n
Fu ture
L o w co st
fo cu s
Process
Outputs
37
E m p o w ered
em p lo yees,
team s, an d lean
p ro d u ctio n
E n viro n m en tally
sen sitive
p ro d u ctio n ,
G reen
m an u factu rin g ,
recycled
m aterials,
rem an u factu rin g
Inputs
Goods and
Services
Land, Labor,
Capital,
Management
38
Year B
Year C
Year B
Year C
As productivity improved
115
110
105
100
95
Year A
Wages increased
Year A
Year B
39
Year C
27000
26000
25000
24000
Productivity
Units produced
Input used
Productivity
40
Multi-Product Productivity
Productivity
Output
Labor + material + energy + capital + miscellaneous
Measurement Problems
41
42
Productivity Variables
43
44
Service Productivity
45