10 WCDMA Load Controlling

WCDMA Load Control
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Know the load control principles
Know the load control realization methods in WCDMA system
Know The load control parameters in WCDMA system
Contents
1. Load Control Overview
2. Basic Load Control Algorithms
Contents
Load Definition
Load: the occupancy of capacity
Two kinds of capacity in CDMA system

Hard capacity
Code channels
Hard ware resource: Transport resource, NodeB processing capability (CE)
Soft capacity
Interference (UL)
Power (DL)
Uplink Load Definition

Cell Load Factor: UL
1
= 1
noise rise
RTWP
noise rise =
PN
Downlink Load Definition

Common Measurement in Node B
Scenario
Cell Load Factor (based on RTWP)

R99 load control
UL Load
RTWP (Received Total Wideband Power)
Transmitted carrier power of all codes not
used for HS-PDSCH or HS-SCCH
R99 load control
transmission
DL Load
Total Carrier Power (TCP)
R99 and HSDPA load

control
HS-DSCH Required Power
HSDPA load control
HS-DSCH Provided Bit Rate
HSDPA load control
The Objectives of Load Control

Keeping system stable
Maximizing system capacity while ensuring the coverage and QoS
PUC
LDR
OLC
CAC
IAC
1. Before UE access 2. During UE access
3. After UE access
PUC: Potential User Control

CAC: Call Admission Control IAC: Intelligent Admission Control
LDR: Load Reshuffling
OLC: Overload Control
Time
Load Control Algorithms

NodeB transmit
power (noise)
Icons for different load levels
Cell load
OLC starts: to reduce the TFs of BE
subscribers, and release some UEs forcibly
No Load
control
CAC or IAC: to prevent new calls into cells with heavy load
DRD starts: to enable rejected UEs to retry neighboring cells or GSM cells
PUC starts: to enable UEs in idle mode to camp on cells with light load
LDR starts: to check and release initial congestion in cells
Load Measurement
The objectives of LDM (LoaD Measurement)

Measure the system load
Filter the measured data according to the requirement of different

load control algorithms
Major Measurement Quantities

Uplink Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP)
Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power (TCP)
TCP of all codes not used for HSDPA transmission
Power Requirement for Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) on HS-DSCH
Provided Bit Rate (PBR) on HS-DSCH
LDM procedure
Smooth Window Filtering on the RNC Side

N 1
P ( n) =
n i
i =0
N : the size of the smooth window
Pn : the reported measurement value
Parameters for LDM (1)

CHOICERPRTUNITFORULBASICMEAS
/CHOICERPRTUNITFORDLBASICMEAS (Time unit for UL/DL basic
meas rprt cycle)
Value Range: TEN_MSEC, MIN
Recommended value: TEN_MSEC, means the time unit is 10ms

TENMSECFORULBASICMEAS/TENMSECFORDLBASICMEAS (UL/DL
basic meas rprt cycle, Unit:10ms)
Value Range: 1~6000
Recommended value: 20, namely 200ms
MINFORULBASICMEAS/MINFORDLBASICMEAS (UL/DL basic meas

rprt cycle, Unit: min)
Value Range: 1~60
Recommended value: none

ULBASICCOMMMEASFILTERCOEFF /
DLBASICCOMMMEASFILTERCOEFF (UL/DL basic common measure
filter coeff)
Value Range: D0, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D11, D13,
D15, D17, D19
Recommended value: D6

The parameters for smoothing filter window

Value Range
Recommend
Value
PucAvgFilterLen
132
32
UL LDR moving average filter length
UlLdrAvgFilterLen
132
25
DL LDR moving average filter length
DlLdrAvgFilterLen
132
25
UL CAC moving average filter length
UlCACAvgFilterLen
132
DL CAC moving average filter length
DlCACAvgFilterLen
132
UL OLC moving average filter length
UlOLCAvgFilterLen
132
25
DL OLC moving average filter length
DlOLCAvgFilterLen
132
25
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
PUC moving average filter length
Parameters for HSDPA LDM (1)

CHOICERPRTUNITFORHSDPAPWRMEAS (Time unit of HSDPA

need pwr meas cycle)
CHOICERPRTUNITFORHSDPARATEMEAS (Time unit of HSDPA bit

rate meas cycle)

TENMSECFORHSDPAPWRMEAS (HSDPA need pwr meas

cycle,Unit:10ms)
Value Range: 1~6000
TENMSECFORHSDPAPRVIDRATEMEAS (HSDPA bit rate meas

cycle,Unit:10ms)
Value Range: 1~6000

MINFORHSDPAPWRMEAS (HSDPA need pwr meas cycle, Unit:

min)
Value Range: 1~60
MINFORHSDPAPRVIDRATEMEAS (HSDPA bit rate meas cycle,

Unit: min)
Value Range: 1~60

HSDPANEEDPWRFILTERLEN (HSDPA need power filter len)

Value Range: 1~32
Recommended value: 1
HSDPAPRVIDBITRATEFILTERLEN (HSDPA bit rate filter len)

Value Range: 1~32
Priority
The service of user with low priority will be affected by the load
control algorithms first
Three kinds of priority

User Priority
User Integrate Priority
RAB Integrate Priority
User Priority
There are three levels of user priority (1, 2, and 3)

gold (high), silver (middle) and copper (low) user
User priority
Gold
Silver
Copper
Uplink
128kbps 64kbps 32kbps
Downlink
128kbps 64kbps 32kbps
gold
user
Pay $100
for 3G
services
User Priority
The relationship between user priority and ARP is configurable

The typical relationship as follow:
ARP
10 11 12 13 14
User Priority
The relationship can be configured through SET USERPRIORITY,

and queried through LST USERPRIORITY
RAB Integrate Priority

The values of RAB Integrate Priority are set according to the

following parameters
PRIORITYREFERENCE (Integrated Priority Configured Reference)

Value range:
range ARP, TrafficClass
Recommended value:
value ARP
CARRIERTYPEPRIORIND (Indicator of Carrier Type Priority)

Value range:
range DCH, HSDPA
Recommended value:
value DCH
Example for RAB Integrate Priority

Based on ARP, HSDPA priority is higher
Service ARP
ID
Services attribution in the cell
Service ARP
ID
Traffic Class
Bear
type
Interactive
DCH
Interactive
HSDPA
Conversational
DCH
Background
DCH
Traffic Class
Bear
type
Interactive
HSDPA
Interactive
DCH
Conversational
DCH
Background
DCH
Based on Traffic Class, HSDPA priority is higher

Service
ID
Traffic Class
ARP
Bear
type
Conversational
DCH
Interactive
HSDPA
Interactive
DCH
Background
DCH
User Integrate Priority

For multiple-RAB users, the integrate priority of the user is based

on the service of the highest priority. User integrate priority is
mainly used to select different users during LDR/OLC.
Contents
2.1 PUC (Potential User Control)
2.2 CAC (Call Admission Control)
2.3 IAC (Intelligent Admission Control)
2.4 LDR (Load Reshuffling)
2.5 OLC (Overload Control)
Contents
PUC Principles
Light load
Freq1
Modify
System Info
SIB3,11
1.Hard to trigger reselection

2.Easy to camp on the cell
Increase the POTENTIAL load
Normal load
Stay
System Info
SIB3,11
Heavy load
Freq2 1.Easy to trigger reselection
2.Easy to select light load

Inter-freq neighbor Cell
Modify
Decrease the POTENTIAL load
System Info
SIB3,11
Idle state
CCH state
PUC Realization
PUC can modify inter-frequency cell reselection parameters to

control the user distribution between cells.
Sintersearch: when the load of a cell is Heavy, PUC will increase

this parameter; when the load of a cell is Light, PUC will decrease
this parameter.
QOffset1sn and QOffset2sn: when the load of a cell is Heavy,

PUC will decrease these parameters; when the load of a cell is
Light, PUC will increase these parameters.
Parameters for PUC Algorithm Switch

NBMLDCALGOSWITCH (Cell LDC algorithm switch)

Value Range:
PUC
Default status: None
PUCPERIODTIMERLEN (PUC period timer length)

Value Range:6s~86400s
Default value: 1800, namely 1800 seconds, i.e. 30 minutes
Parameters for PUC (1)

SPUCHEAVY (Load level division threshold 1)

Value Range: 0 to 100%
Recommended value: 70, namely 70%
SPUCLIGHT (Load level division threshold 2)

SPUCHYST (Load level division hysteresis)


OFFSINTERLIGHT (Sintersearch offset 1)

Value Range: -10 to 10
Physical Value Range: -20 to 20dB, step 2dB
Recommended value: -2, namely -4dB
OFFSINTERHEAVY (Sintersearch offset 2)

Recommended value: 2, namely 4dB

OFFQOFFSET1LIGHT (Qoffset1 offset 1)

OFFQOFFSET2LIGHT (Qoffset2 offset 1)


OFFQOFFSET1HEAVY (Qoffset1 offset 2)

OFFQOFFSET2HEAVY (Qoffset2 offset 2)

Contents
Why we need CAC?

WCDMA is an interference limited system, after a new call is

admitted, the system load will be increased
If a cell is high loaded, a new call will cause ongoing user

dropped
We must keep the coverage planned by the Radio Network

Planning
Flow chart of CAC
CAC Code Resource Admission

For handover services

The current remaining code resource should be enough for the

service
For other R99 services

RNC shall ensure the remaining code does not exceed the
configurable OM thresholds after admission of the new service
For HSDPA services

The code resource admission is not needed
Parameters for Code Resource Admission

DLHOCECODERESVSF (DL HandOver Credit and Code Reserved

SF)
Value Range:0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Physical value Range: SF4, SF8, SF16, SF32, SF128, SF256,

SFOFF
Recommended value: SF32
Configuration Rule and Restriction:

[Dl HandOver Credit and Code Reserved SF] >= max ([Dl LDR Credit SF
reserved threshold], [Cell LDR SF reserved threshold])
CAC Power Resource Admission

Algorithm 1: based on UL/DL load measurement and load

prediction (RTWP and TCP)
The algorithm is easy to implement, but it is affected by the result

of RTWP and TCP measurement
Algorithm 2: based on Equivalent Number of User (ENU)

The algorithm is no need to measure RTWP and TCP, but the

calculation is more complex
Algorithm 3: loose call admission control algorithm

Similar to algorithm 1, but the prediction of needed power of a

new call will be set to zero
Uplink CAC Algorithm 1 - Load Prediction

Admission request
UL
Get current RTWP, and calculate the

current load factor
Get the traffic characteristic, and

estimate the increment of load factor
UL _ predicted = UL +
Calculate the predicted load factor
Smaller than the

threshold?
admitted
PN
= 1
RTWP
rejected
End of UL CAC
Downlink CAC Algorithm 1 - Load Prediction

Admission request
P(N )
Get current TCP

estimate the increment of TCP
P( N ) + P
Calculate the predicted TCP
Smaller than the

threshold?
admitted
rejected
End of DL CAC
Uplink and Downlink CAC Algorithm 2 - ENU

Admission request
ENU
Get current total ENU

estimate the increment of ENU
Smaller than the

threshold?
admitted
(N ) =
ENU
i =1
ENU new
ENU total ( N + 1) = ENU total ( N ) + ENU new
Calculate the predicted ENU
total
ENULoad = ENU total ( N + 1) / ENU max
rejected
End of UL/DL CAC

Typical equivalent number of users

Service
ENU
Uplink for DCH
Downlink for DCH
HSDPA
HSUPA
3.4 kbit/s SIG
0.44
0.42
13.6 kbit/s SIG
1.11
1.11
3.4 + 12.2 kbit/s
1.44
1.42
3.4 + 8 kbit/s (PS)
1.35
1.04
0.78
0.84
3.4 + 16 kbit/s (PS)
1.62
1.25
1.11
0.85
3.4 + 32 kbit/s (PS)
2.15
2.19
1.7
0.96
3.4 + 64 kbit/s (PS)
3.45
3.25
2.79
1.2
3.4 + 128 kbit/s (PS)
5.78
5.93
4.92
1.67
3.4 + 144 kbit/s (PS)
6.41
6.61
5.46
1.91
3.4 + 256 kbit/s (PS)
10.18
10.49
9.36
2.83
3.4 + 384 kbit/s (PS)
14.27
15.52
14.17
3.91
Parameters for Power Resource

Admission Algorithm Switch
NBMULCACALGOSELSWITCH (Uplink CAC algorithm switch)

Value Range:
ALGORITHM_OFF, ALGORITHM_FIRST, ALGORITHM_SECOND, and

ALGORITHM_THIRD
NBMDLCACALGOSELSWITCH (Downlink CAC algorithm switch)

Value Range:
ALGORITHM_OFF, ALGORITHM_FIRST, ALGORITHM_SECOND, and

ALGORITHM_THIRD
Parameters for Load Prediction (1)

CELLENVTYPE (Cell environment type)

Value Range:
TU: typical urban district
RA: rural area
Default value: TU
BACKGROUNDNOISE (Background noise)

Value Range: 0 to 621
Physical Range: -112 to -50dBm, step: 0.1
Recommended value: 71, namely -105dBm
HT: hill terrain
Parameters for Load Prediction (2)

ULINTERFACTOR (UL neighbor interference factor )

Physical Range: 0 to 2, step: 0.01
Recommended value: 60, namely 0.6
NONORTHOFACTOR (DL Nonorthogonality factor)

Physical Range: 0 to 1, step: 0.001
Recommended value: 400, namely 0.4

Admission (1)
ULCCHLOADFACTOR (UL common channel load factor)

Value range: 0 to 100%
DLCCHLOADRSRVCOEFF (DL common channel load reserved

coefficient)

Admission (2)
ULCONVAMRTHD (UL threshold of Conv AMR service)

ULCONVNONAMRTHD (UL threshold of Conv non_AMR service)


Admission (3)
ULOTHERTHD (UL threshold of other services)

ULHOTHD (UL handover access threshold)


Admission (4)
DLCONVAMRTHD (DL threshold of Conv AMR service)

DLCONVNONAMRTHD (DL threshold of Conv non_AMR service)


Admission (5)
DLOTHERTHD (DL threshold of other services)

DLHOTHD (DL handover access threshold)


Admission (6)
ULTOTALEQUSERNUM (UL total equivalent user number)

Value range: 1 to 200
Recommended value: 80, namely UL ENUmax = 80
DLTOTALEQUSERNUM (DL total nonhsdpa equivalent user

number)
Recommended value: 80, namely DL ENUmax = 80
CAC Credit Resource Admission

Credit resource admission is similar with code resource

admission
For handover services

The current remaining credit resource should be enough for the

service
For other R99 services

RNC shall ensure the remaining code does not exceed the
configurable thresholds after admission of the new service
Parameters for Credit Resource

Admission (1)
DLHOCECODERESVSF (DL HandOver Credit and Code Reserved

SF)
Value Range:0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

SFOFF

[Dl HandOver Credit and Code Reserved SF] >= max ([Dl LDR Credit SF
reserved threshold], [Cell LDR SF reserved threshold])
Parameters for Credit Resource

Admission (2)
ULHOCERESVSF (Ul HandOver Credit Reserved SF)

Value Range:0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

SFOFF

[Ul HandOver Credit Reserved SF] >= Ul LDR Credit SF reserved threshold
Contents
Why we need IAC?

The disadvantage of CAC:

For PS NRT (Non-Real Time) services, CAC is not flexible
No consideration about the priority of different users
No consideration about Directed Retry after CAC rejection
Intelligent means the algorithm can increase admission

successful rate
Flow chart of IAC
IAC Rate negotiation

Iu QoS Negotiation: based on

the UE capability
Maximum allowed bit rate

384kbps
Physical layer capability
Transport channel capability
RLC capability
256kbps
128kbps
Initial / Target data rate

64kbps
RAB Downsizing: based on

system load
Channelization codes
Iub transmission resources
Radio resources
32kbps
Scenarios: RAB setup

RAB modify, SRNSR request, reconfiguration
IAC Direct Retry based on service

Data service can be retry to HSDPA cells for better QoS
Data
service
Frequency A
CELL2 R99
CELL 1
R99
Frequency B
CELL A
HSDPA
IAC Preemption
The user with high priority can preempt the resource of users
with low priority
Triggering resource for Preemption

Power (or ENU), SF (spreading factor), Iub transmission resource,

NodeB CE
High priority
Preempting resource
Low priority
IAC Queuing
After CAC rejection, UE can wait a moment and queue, then try
to admit again
Queuing priority: Pqueue = Tmax Telapsed

Tmax is the maximum time in the queue, default value is 5s
Telapsed is the time has queued
IAC Directed Retry based on Load

Balance
Service will be set up to the cell with lightest load
The advantages
Keeping the load of the network balanced
Supporting higher data rate for the user

Cell 1
Cell 2
Cell 1
Cell 2
RRC
Connection
RAB
Parameters for IAC Algorithm Switch (1)

IU_QOS_NEG_SWITCH (Switcher for IU QoS Negotiation)

Value range: 0 (close), 1 (open)
Default value: 0
RAB_DOWNSIZING_SWITCH (RAB Downsizing Switch)

Value range: 0 (close), 1 (open)
Default value: 1
Parameters for IAC Algorithm Switch (2)

PREEMPTALGOSWITCH (Preempt algorithm switch)

Value range: On, Off
Default value: Off
QUEUEALGOSWITCH (Queue algorithm switch)

Value range: On, Off
Default value: Off
Parameters for RAB Downsizing

ULBETRAFFINITBITRATE (Uplink BE traffic initial access rates) &

DLBETRAFFINITBITRATE (Downlink BE traffic initial access rates)
Value range: D8, D16, D32, D64, D128, D144, D256, D384,
D768, D1024, D1536, D2048
Physical Value range: 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 144, 256, 384, 768,
1024, 1536, 2048, Unit: kbps
Default value: D64, namely 64kbps
Parameters for Queuing (1)

QUEUELEN (Queue length)

POLLTIMERLEN (Poll timer length)

Physical value range: 10 to 60000 ms step: 10ms
Recommended value: 50, namely 500 ms
Parameters for Queuing (2)

MAXQUEUETIMELENx (Max queuing time length 1~12)

Value range: 1 to 60s
Recommended value: 5, namely 5 seconds
Parameters for DRD (1)

DRMAXUMTSNUM (Max inter-frequency direct retry number)

Value range: 0 to 5
Parameters for DRD (2)

R99CSSEPIND (R99 CS separation indicator)

Value range: FALSE (no separation), TRUE (separation)
Recommended value: FALSE
R99PSSEPIND (R99 PS separation indicator)

Value range: FALSE (no separation), TRUE (separation)
Recommended value: FALSE
Contents
Load%
LCC (Load Congestion Control)

100%
Overload state: OLC will be
section A
THOLC
used
1
section B
Basic congestion state: LDR
THLDR
will be used
section C
Normal state: Permit entry
Times
LDR (Load Reshuffling)

Reasons
When the cell is in basic congestion state, new coming calls could
be easily rejected by system
Purpose
Optimizing cell resource distribution
Decreasing load level, increasing admission successful rate
Triggering of LDR
Power resources, code resource, Iub resources or Iub bandwidth,

NodeB Credit resource
Turn on LDR algorithm switch

Mark "current LDR state = uncongested"
LDR Procedure
Start LDM congestion indication report
Mark "current action = first LDR action"

Clear "selected" mark of all UE LDR actions
Congestion
state indication
Wait for congestion indication
Current LDR state = congested?
Inter-freq
load handover
Succeed?
N
Code
reshuffling
Succeed?
N
BE rate
reduction
Succeed?
N
Sequence of
actions can be
configured
(current action
is taken firstly)
Inter-system
handover
in CS domain
Inter-system
handover
in PS domain
AMR rate
reduction
Succeed?
N
Succeed?
Mark
"current action
= successful
action"
N
Succeed?
QoS renogiation
on Iu interface
Succeed?
N
MBMS power
reduction
Succeed?
N
No related action can be found
Mark "current action = first LDR action"
Wait time
for LDR
action duration
LDR Actions
LDR Actions - Inter-frequency Load

Handover
Target cells
Load difference between current load and the basic congestion

trigger threshold of target cell is larger than UL/DL Inter-freq cell
load handover load space threshold
Target users
Based on user priority and the current service rate
Result
The load of two cells is lower than the basic congestion trigger
threshold
The user with low priority handover to the Light load cells
LDR Actions - BE Rate Reduction

Candidate RABs
The data rate of BE service is larger than GBR
Target RABs
Rank the candidate RABs by the integrate priority, the low priority
RABs reduce BE rate first
Result
Cell load is decreased under basic congestion trigger threshold
The BE service rate of low priority RABs is limited in GBR
LDR Actions - Uncontrolled Real-time

QoS Renegotiation
Target RABs
Rank the candidate RABs by the integrate priority, the service with
lowest priority and current data rate higher than GBR will be
selected
Result
The data rate of low priority service is reduced to GBR
LDR Actions - Inter-system Handover In

the CS/PS Domain
Target user
Based on the integrate priority, sorting the UEs in descending

order. The top CS/PS services are selected
GSM cell
WCDMA cell
Result
LDR Actions - AMR Rate Reduction

Target user (downlink e.g.)

Candidate RABs: users accessing the AMR services (conversational)

and with the bit rate higher than the GBR
Rank the candidate RABs by the integrate priority, the AMR service
with lowest priority will be selected
Result
The AMR user with low priority is reduced to low voice rate mode
LDR Actions - Code Reshuffling

Purpose
Sufficient code resources can be reserved for subsequent service
LDR Actions - MBMS Power Reduction

Purpose
The downlink power load can be reduced by lowering power on

MBMS traffic channels
Parameters for LDR Algorithm Switch

NBMLdcAlgoSwitch (Cell algorithm switch)

Value Range:
ULLDR, DLLDR, CELL_CODE_LDR, CELL_CREDIT_LDR
Default status: OFF

Most of the LDR actions (except inter-frequency load handover) affect

QoS
Parameters for LDR Algorithm Priority

Priority for load reshuffling

Value Range:
IUBLDR(Iub load reshuffling), CREDITLDR(Credit load reshuffling),

CODELDR (Code load reshuffling), UULDR (Uu load reshuffling)
Default status:
LdrFirstPri = IUBLDR
LdrSecondPri = CREDITLDR
LdrThirdPri = CODELDR
LdrFourthPri = UULDR
Parameters for Triggering of Power

Resource (1)
ULLDRTRIGTHD (UL LDR trigger threshold)

ULLDRRELTHD (UL LDR release threshold)

Parameters for Triggering of Power

Resource (2)
DLLDRTRIGTHD (DL LDR trigger threshold)

DLLDRRELTHD (DL LDR release threshold)

Parameters for Triggering of Code

Resource and Credit Resource
CELLLDRSFRESTHD (Cell LDR SF reserved threshold)

Value Range:0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Physical value Range: SF4, SF8, SF16, SF32, SF128, SF256
UL (DL) LDRCREDITSFRESTHD (UL/DL LDR Credit SF

reserved threshold )
Value Range:0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Physical value Range: SF4, SF8, SF16, SF32, SF128, SF256
Parameters for LDR Period

LDRPERIODTIMERLEN (LDR period timer length)

Value range: 1 to 86400 unit: second
Recommended value: 10, namely 10s

Not less than 8s
Parameters for LDR Action Sequence

UL (DL) LDRFIRSTACTION (UL/DL LDR First action) ~
UL (DL) LDRSIXTHACTION (UL/DL LDR Sixth action)

Value range: NOACT, INTERFREQLDHO, BERATERED,

QOSRENEGO, CSINTERRATLDHO, PSINTERRATLDHO,
AMRRATERED, MBMSDECPOWER, CODEADJ
Default value: UlLdrFirstAction or DlLdrFirstAction is CODEADJ,

UlLdrSecondAction or DlLdrSecondAction is INTERFREQLDHO
UlLdrThirdAction or DlLdrThirdAction is BERATEREDthe other is
NOACT
Parameters for LDR Code Reshuffling

MAXUSERNUMCODEADJ (Max user number of code adjust)

Value range: 1 to 3
LDRCODEPRIUSEIND (LDR code priority indicator)

Value range: FALSE, TRUE
Recommended value: TRUE
Parameters for LDR Inter-Frequency

Load Handover (1)
ULINTERFREQHOCELLLOADSPACETHD (UL Inter-freq cell load

handover load space threshold)
DLINTERFREQHOCELLLOADSPACETHD (DL Inter-freq cell load

handover load space threshold)
Parameters for LDR Inter-Frequency

Load Handover (2)
ULINTERFREQHOBWTHD (UL Inter-freq cell load handover

maximum bandwidth)
Value range: 0 to 400000bps
Recommended value: 200000, namely 200kbps
DLINTERFREQHOBWTHD (DL Inter-freq cell load handover

maximum bandwidth)
Value range: 0 to 400000bps
Recommended value: 200000, namely 200kbps
Parameters for LDR Other Actions

UL (DL) LDRBERATEREDUCTIONRABNUM,
UL (DL) LDRPSRTQOSRENEGRABNUM,
UL (DL) LDRCSINTERRATHOUSERNUM,
UL (DL) LDRPSINTERRATHOUSERNUM,
UL (DL) LDRAMRRATEREDUCTIONRABNUM
Default value
UL (DL) LDRBERATEREDUCTIONRABNUM:
UL (DL) LDRPSRTQOSRENEGRABNUM:
UL (DL) LDRCSINTERRATHOUSERNUM:
UL (DL) LDRPSINTERRATHOUSERNUM:
UL (DL) LDRAMRRATEREDUCTIONRABNUM:
Contents
OLC (Over Load Control)

Reasons
In overload state, system is not stable
Purpose
Ensuring the system stability and making the system back to the
normal state as soon as possible
Triggering of OLC
Power resources
Interference
OLC Procedure
OLC Actions - TF Control

Target user
Rank the candidate users by the integrate priority, the low priority
user will be selected
Execution
Send the control message to UE (downlink: TF control indication,

uplink: Transport format combination control) to restricts the TFC
selection
After the congestion is released, the BE service rate will be

recovered
OLC Actions - Switching BE Services to

Common Channel

Rank the candidate users that have only PS services by the

integrate priority, the low priority user will be selected
Execution
The selected UEs are switched to common channel
OLC Actions - Release of Some RABs


Rank the candidate users by the integrate priority, the low priority
user will be selected
Execution
The selected RABs are released directly.
Parameters for OLC Algorithm Switch

NBMLDCALGOSWITCH (Cell LDC algorithm switch)

Value Range:
ULOLC, DLOLC
Default status: OFF

OLC actions affect QoS heavily
Parameters for Triggering of Overload (1)

ULOLCTRIGTHD (UL OLC trigger threshold)

ULOLCRELTHD (UL OLC release threshold)

Parameters for Triggering of Overload (2)

DLOLCTRIGTHD (DL OLC trigger threshold)

DLOLCRELTHD (DL OLC release threshold)

Parameters for OLC (1)

OLCPERIODTIMERLEN (OLC period timer length)

Value range: 100 to 86400000, unit: ms

ULOLCFTFRSTRCTTIMES (UL OLC fast TF restrict times)

DLOLCFTFRSTRCTTIMES (DL OLC fast TF restrict times)


ULOLCFTFRSTRCTRABNUM (UL OLC fast TF restrict RAB number)

DLOLCFTFRSTRCTRABNUM (DL OLC fast TF restrict RAB number)


RATERSTRCTCOEF (DL OLC fast TF restrict data rate restrict

coefficient)

RATERSTRCTTIMERLEN (DL OLC fast TF restrict data rate restrict

timer length)
RATERECOVERTIMERLEN (DL OLC fast TF restrict data rate

recover timer length)

TRANSCCHUSERNUM (Transfer Common Channel User

number)
Default value: 1

ULOLCTRAFFRELRABNUM (UL OLC traff release RAB number)

Default value: 0
DLOLCTRAFFRELRABNUM (DL OLC traff release RAB number)

Default value: 0
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10 WCDMA Load Controlling

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10 WCDMA Load Controlling

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WCDMA Load Control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Know the load control principles

Know the load control realization methods in WCDMA system

Know The load control parameters in WCDMA system

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Load: the occupancy of capacity

Two kinds of capacity in CDMA system

Hard ware resource: Transport resource, NodeB processing capability (CE)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Uplink Load Definition

Cell Load Factor: UL

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Downlink Load Definition

Cell Load Factor (based on RTWP)

R99 load control

Total Carrier Power (TCP)

R99 and HSDPA load

HS-DSCH Required Power

HSDPA load control

HS-DSCH Provided Bit Rate

HSDPA load control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Objectives of Load Control

Keeping system stable

Maximizing system capacity while ensuring the coverage and QoS

1. Before UE access 2. During UE access

PUC: Potential User Control

OLC: Overload Control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Load Control Algorithms

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The objectives of LDM (LoaD Measurement)

Measure the system load

Filter the measured data according to the requirement of different

Major Measurement Quantities

Uplink Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP)

Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power (TCP)

TCP of all codes not used for HSDPA transmission

Power Requirement for Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) on HS-DSCH

Provided Bit Rate (PBR) on HS-DSCH

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Smooth Window Filtering on the RNC Side

N : the size of the smooth window

Pn : the reported measurement value

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Parameters for LDM (1)

Value Range: TEN_MSEC, MIN

Recommended value: TEN_MSEC, means the time unit is 10ms

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Parameters for LDM (2)

Value Range: 1~6000

Recommended value: 20, namely 200ms

MINFORULBASICMEAS/MINFORDLBASICMEAS (UL/DL basic meas

Value Range: 1~60

Recommended value: none

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Parameters for LDM (3)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Parameters for LDM (4)

The parameters for smoothing filter window