2013 Yearly Exam MK

James Ruse Agricultural High School
2013
YEARLY EXAMINATION
YEAR 10 SCIENCE
General Instructions
Working time: 120 minutes
Reading time: 5 minutes
Write neatly using black or blue pen.
Draw diagrams and graphs using pencil.
Attempt ALL questions.
Calculators may be used.
DO NOT write on the question paper.
Answer all questions in the spaces provided in the
Answer Booklet.
The number of marks for each question is indicated
on the question sheet.
A periodic table is provided on page 25.
Write your Name and Roll Class at the top of page 13
(Answer Booklet for Parts A and B) and page 26
(Part C :Data Processing).
Total: 100 marks

This paper has two parts, Part A and Part B
Part A: 25 marks
Allow about 30 minutes for this section
Part B: 53 marks
Part C: Data Processing 22 marks
Part A: Multiple Choice: 25 marks

Attempt Questions 1-25
Mark your answers for the multiple choice questions in the multiple choice grid on page 13.
JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination
Page 2 of 32
Multiple Choice:
1.
Which of the following identifies an element as distinct from other elements?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
2.
A chemist from the land of Esur Semaj wanted to test a chemical property of the metal, mitral.
What should the chemist do to it?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
3.
the number of electrons

the number of protons
the number of neutrons
the sum of the number of neutrons and protons
Drop it in vinegar.
Scratch it with a gold coin.
Smash it with a platinum hammer.
Weigh it and then drop it in water to find its volume.
Given the following substances:

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
NH4Cl
Na3PO4
Ne
O2
KCl
ammonium chloride
sodium phosphate
neon
oxygen molecule
potassium chloride
Identify the type of bonding present in some of the above substances.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Covalent bond only

sodium phosphate
oxygen molecule
sodium phosphate
oxygen molecule
Ionic bond only

potassium chloride
sodium phosphate
potassium chloride
potassium chloride
Ionic and covalent bonds

ammonium chloride
potassium chloride
ammonium chloride
sodium phosphate
No bond
oxygen molecule
neon
neon
neon
Page 3 of 32
4.
Examine the following table of alloy composition and properties.

Item
Alloy
Composition
Use
(i)
brass
copper and zinc
musical instruments
(ii)
bronze
tin and copper
musical instruments
(iii)
brass
tin and lead
joining metals
(iv)
bronze
copper and nickel
cast metal sculpture
Which item(s) in the table is/are correct?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
5.
(i) only
(i) and (iv) only
(ii) and (iii) only
(iv) only
Given the following reactions:

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 NaI (aq)

PbI2 (s) + 2 NaNO3(aq)
CuCO3 (s) CuO (s) + CO2 (g)
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
CH4 (g)
+ 2 O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l)
Which of A,B,C or D identifies the correct classification for each reaction?
6.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(A)
decomposition
neutralisation
combustion
precipitation
(B)
decomposition
precipitation
neutralisation
combustion
(C)
precipitation
combustion
neutralisation
decomposition
(D)
precipitation
decomposition
neutralisation
combustion
Why are members of a family of elements similar in chemical properties?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
They have the same number of neutrons.

They have the same number of protons.
They have the same number of outer shell electrons.
They have same total core number of electrons.
Page 4 of 32
7.
What is the correct classification of this compound?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
8.
OH
an alkane
an alkene
an alkyne
an alkanol
How does sodium react with chlorine to form sodium ions and chloride ions?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
9.
A proton transfers from chlorine to sodium.

A proton transfers from sodium to chlorine.
An electron transfers from chlorine to sodium.
An electron transfers from sodium to chlorine.
Examine the following diagram and table closely.

K
Na
Ca
Mg
Al
Zn
Fe
Sn
Pb
Cu
Ag
Au
Pt
Increasing
Reactivity
Reactivity Series of Metals
Which of the following conclusions is justified by the diagram and table?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Water is essential for corrosion to occur.

Corrosion can be prevented by connecting the iron to a less active metal
Corrosion can be prevented by connecting the iron to a more active metal
Oxygen is essential for corrosion.
Page 5 of 32
10.
Which one of the following statements best describes the way that major developments in
Science, such as Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, or Watson and Cricks
model of the structure of DNA, come about?
(A) Great scientists build on the knowledge and discoveries of other scientists, and provide
new interpretations of the evidence.
(B) Great scientists achieve breakthroughs by working independently and avoiding the
distraction of other scientists.
(C) Great scientists have an instinctive grasp of a theory and then set out to gather the
evidence that supports it.
(D) Great scientists have to be single minded. They ignore the work of scientists they dont
agree with, and co-operate with those they do.
11.
Select the row of the table below which best describes Darwins Theory of Evolution by
Natural Selection.
Key features of the theory
There is variation within a
population, but the species
(A)
as a whole is designed for
its role.
Offspring inherit a mixture of

characteristics from their
parents.
Individuals develop certain Offspring inherit these useful

(B) useful characteristics
characteristics.
during their lifetime.
The species stays

relatively constant.
These characteristics
become more common in
the population.
The population shows a

range of variations.
Characteristics which favour

the survival of the species,
even if they disadvantage the
individual, are selected.
The species changes to

best suit its environment.
There is variation in the

(D) population.
Individuals best suited to the

conditions survive and
reproduce.
Favourable characteristics
are passed on to offspring.
(C)
Page 6 of 32
12.
The photograph below shows a fossil of the bird-like reptile, Archaeopteryx, which is unlike
anything living today.
Why are fossils like this strong evidence for evolution?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
13.
Life on Earth has changed over time.

Some groups of organisms have remained unchanged.
Only the fittest have survived.
Fossils are almost only found in sedimentary rocks.
Choose the option that correctly labels the parts of a neuron.
(A) dendrite
nucleus
cell body
axon
(B) axon
cell body
nucleus
dendrite
(C) dendrite
cell body
nucleus
axon
(D) axon
nucleus
cell body
dendrite
Page 7 of 32
14.
Which option correctly matches the endocrine glands with the hormones they produce?
Gland
15.
Hormone
Gland
hormone
(A) pituitary
growth hormone
pancreas
adrenalin
(B) ovary
oestrogen
pancreas
insulin
(C) testes
progesterone
pancreas
adrenalin
(D) pituitary
adrenalin
pancreas
insulin
What is the main fuel in stars?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
16.
Uranium
Lead
Hydrogen
Helium
When the spectral wavelength lines of a star are viewed with a spectroscope attached to the
Hubble telescope, they appear to be shifted towards the red end of the visible spectrum.
What is the reason for this observation?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
17.
The Hubble Telescope detects light from distant stars.

The star is apparently moving away from Earth.
The star has released higher amounts of light energy.
The star is moving towards earth.
Choose the answer which correctly describes the image of an object as seen in a convex mirror?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The image is magnified for detailed viewing.

The image is reduced for detailed viewing.
The image is magnified for wide viewing.
The image is reduced for wide viewing.
Page 8 of 32
18.
For the diagram below the resistance force acting down is 20 N.
Which of the following provides the minimum input force needed to lift this 20 N resistance?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
19.
4N
6N
8N
20 N
A common species on the NSW rocky shore is the tubeworm Galeolaria caespitosa. It
inhabits a distinct zone on the rock platform.
Biologists have shown that when it tries to live above this zone the temperature variation
combined with the time spent out of water between high tides make it very hard for it to
survive.
When it tries to live below this zone it is subject to heavy predation from carnivorous snails
and faces strong competition for space from other organisms.
Select the row below which correctly classifies the factors which limit the distribution of
Galeolaria caespitosa.
Limit to upward
distribition
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
biotic
biotic
abiotic
abiotic
Limit to downward
distribution
biotic
abiotic
biotic
abiotic
Page 9 of 32
Use the information below to answer Questions 20 and 21.

Palaeontologists have excavated the fossils at two sites and have produced these stratigraphic
diagrams to illustrate their findings.
Site 1
Site 2
1.a
2.a
1.b
2.b
1.c
2.c
1.d
2.d
mollusc sp.1
fish
mollusc sp.2
starfish
mollusc sp.3
20.
Which species is the oldest?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
21.
mollusc sp.2
mollusc sp.3
fish
starfish
Which one of the fossils here is most likely to be of use as an index fossil?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
starfish
fish
mollusc sp.2
mollusc sp.1
Page 10 of 32
22.
Which circuit diagram below shows the components arranged to correctly determine the
voltage drop across the light bulb and the current flowing through it?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A
Page 11 of 32
23.
The photograph below shows an onion root cell in the process of dividing.
X
In the cell indicated as X, the DNA has replicated and the chromosomes are moving to
opposite ends of the cell just prior to a new cell membrane and cell wall forming.
What is the main role of this type of cell division?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
24.
Which of the following is generally associated with a non-infectious disease of the human
body?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
25.
To produce cells with the same DNA whose function is growth and repair.
To produce cells with half the DNA whose function is reproduction.
To produce cells with changed DNA to allow them to perform different roles.
To produce cells without DNA.
Protozoa
Cancer
Fungi
Bacteria
Which statement about global warming best accounts for its occurrence?
(A) It is probably due to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases.
(B) It is probably due to the destruction of the ozone layer.
(C) It is caused by the reduction in heat energy reflected back into space because of the
melting of the ice sheets.
(D) It is a naturally occurring cyclic phenomenon that recurs every few years.
Page 12 of 32
Student Name:
Roll Class:
ANSWER BOOKLET
Write your Name and Roll Class at the top of this Answer Booklet.
Total Mark:
/78
Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response circle completely
using pen.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Page 13 of 32
Part B: Extended Response (53 marks)

Question 26 (4 marks)
The biologists Watson and Crick determined the structure of the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
molecule.
(a)
Explain how genes and chromosomes are related to DNA
(b)
The diagram below shows a model of the structure of part of a DNA molecule.
(i)
By using the diagram, name the missing base X
(ii)
What feature of the Watson-Crick model of the DNA molecule is NOT shown in the
diagram?
..
Page 14 of 32
1
1
Explain how a disease like cancer may be described as both genetic and environmental.
..
..
..
..
..
The pedigree below shows the inheritance of a disease caused by a recessive gene (g).
Those with the dominant gene (G) do not show the disease.
....
(a)
Identify the genotype of Generation II number 3 person
(b)
The Generation 1 female has genotype Gg. Explain why this must be the case.
Page 15 of 32
(a)
Label the diagram of a simple electromagnet below.
(b)
Electricity generated at power stations travels through transmission lines before reaching your
home.
(i)
What is a step-up transformer?
...
(ii)
Explain the role of step-up transformers in this transmission.
...
...
...
...
...
Page 16 of 32
An electric current flows through a straight wire as shown in the diagram below.
Sketch the magnetic field produced by this current.
(a)
A student needed to produce carbon dioxide gas quickly using calcium carbonate (marble chips)
and hydrochloric acid. The other products of the reaction are water and calcium chloride.
In point form, outline THREE ways by which she could generate carbon dioxide faster.
.
.
.
.
.
(b)
Write a word equation for the reaction.
(c)
Write a balanced formula equation, including states, for this chemical reaction.
Page 17 of 32
The diagram below represents a polymer
(a)
Use an X to label a monomer on the diagram.
(b)
Name a natural and a synthetic/artificial polymer.
Natural: ...
Synthetic: ...
Shown in the diagram is a method to extract a metal by heat.
Describe how iron is extracted in the blast furnace?
..
..
..
..
..
Page 18 of 32
Describe the functions of the following reproductive organs.
Uterus:
...
...
...
Testis:
...
...
...
Describe the role of the nervous and endocrine systems using stimulus and response examples.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Page 19 of 32
(a)
Identify ONE technological development that has impacted on the scientific understanding of
how the human body works.
(b)
Describe briefly how this development improves our treatment of diseases.
Discuss TWO problems associated with travelling through space to the planet Mars.
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Page 20 of 32
Optical fibres are used extensively in communication.
(a) Draw a diagram to show how total internal reflection occurs when a beam of light enters an
optical fibre.
(b)
How is total internal reflection in optical fibres used to advantage in communication?
Page 21 of 32
The picture of the truck below shows the four forces acting on this truck. The mass of the truck is
2400 kg. The force of the mans push is 300 N and the friction force opposing this force is 180 N.
Use g 10 m/s2
= 300 N
= 180 N
(a)
What force does the truck exert on the ground vertically?
(b)
Calculate the net force acting on the truck?
(c)
Calculate the acceleration of the truck.
Page 22 of 32
Refer to the diagram of person using a pulley (block and tackle) below. The pulley has a mechanical
advantage (MA) of 4.
Use g 10 m/s2
(a)
Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the 40 kg mass when it is raised
through a height of 50 cm by the person.
(b)
How much work does the person do in raising the 40 kg mass by 50 cm?
(c)
Calculate BOTH the minimum effort force and the effort distance required for the person to raise
the 40 kg mass by 50 cm. Show your working.
Effort Force:
Effort Distance:
Page 23 of 32
The diagram below represents a subduction zone, where an oceanic plate slides under a continental
plate.
Oceanic plate
Continental plate
Explain why tsunamis often originate from these zones.

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End of Part B
Page 24 of 32
Page 25 of 32
Student Name:
Roll Class:
James Ruse Agricultural High School
2013
YEARLY EXAMINATION
YEAR 10 SCIENCE
Part C: Data Processing
Total: 22 marks
ANSWER QUESTIONS 42-46 IN THE SPACE PROVIDED BELOW.

42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
Page 26 of 32
Part C: Data Processing (22 marks)

Use the information below to answer Questions 42 to 44.
Hormonal Control of the Menstrual Cycle.
The female menstrual cycle is under the control of four hormones.
Two, FSH and LH are made by the pituitary gland, and the other two, oestrogen and progesterone, are
made within the ovaries.
1. FSH stimulates the ripening of an egg. As it develops it produces oestrogen which, amongst other
things switches off FSH production to make sure that only one egg ripens at once.
2. LH levels remain low throughout the cycle, except for a sudden surge which triggers ovulation -the
release of the egg on about the 14th day.
3. The follicle which released the egg then produces progesterone, which targets the lining of the uterus,
making it receptive to a fertilised egg should conception occur.
4. After about 22 days of the cycle, if fertilisation hasnt occurred, progesterone and oestrogen levels
drop. Once they get below a certain level menstruation is triggered on around the 28th day of the cycle.
42.
Which hormone stimulates the ripening of an egg?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
43.
FSH
LH
Oestrogen
Progesterone
Identify the event indicated by the arrow on the menstrual cycle time line below.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
44.
14
28
(Days)
ovulation
fertilization
onset of menstruation
end of menstruation.
If fertilisation occurs, the developing ball of cells produces hormones which prevent
menstruation from occurring and also prevent the ripening of a new egg.
Which hormone below would cause these effects?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Oestrogen
Testosterone
FSH
LH
Page 27 of 32
Questions 45 and 46 refer to the information below.

A patient is suffering from a bacterial lung infection. Analysis of lung fluid reveals three types
of bacteria in their lungs.
These are each isolated and grown in pure culture with four antibiotic discs present. The discs consist
of filter paper, soaked respectively in antibiotics A, B, C and D.
The diagrams below show these three cultures containing the antibiotic discs. The bacterial cultures
are grey in colour. A clear space around a disc shows that the antibiotic is killing the bacteria.
Culture of bacterium X
Culture of bacterium Y
Culture of bacterium Z
45.
If the doctors dont know which of the three bacteria is causing the disease, with which of the
four antibiotics should they treat the patient?
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
46.
Which one of the following practices should this person adopt to most minimise the chance of
transmitting the bacteria to someone else?
(A) Wash hands thoroughly after using the toilet.
(B) Practise safe sex.
(C) Use a handkerchief when coughing and sneezing.
(D) Wear thongs in the shower.
Page 28 of 32
Scientists developed two cars which use octane as a fuel. They conducted tests on them to determine
which of the cars is more efficient and economical to run. The tests were carried out in an
instrument given in the diagram below:
microsieve
CaO
A
Car
engine
silica gel
Description of the parts:

A: Car engine combustion of fuel occurs here
B: Silica gel absorbs water
C: Microsieve traps solid combustion product
D: CaO solid - absorbs carbon dioxide gas
Procedure: The masses of B, C and D before and after running the engine are determined.
Results:
Name of car
Abarth
Part of Testing
Equipment
mass
before
(g)
mass
after
(g)
100
C
D
Vespa
change in
mass
(g)
mass
before
(g)
mass
after
(g)
170
100
170
100
102
100
124
100
438
100
269
change in
mass
(g)
(b)
Complete the table.
(c)
Which of the two car engines is more efficient. Justify your choice.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Page 29 of 32
Since the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, a network of early warning buoys has been set up to
provide communities with advanced warning of approaching tsunamis.
The map below shows the location of two such buoys.
A
25 km
(a)
A tsunami wave passes buoy B exactly 30 minutes after it passes buoy A. Calculate its speed
in m/s.
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
The speed of a tsunami depends on the depth of the water it is travelling through. It can be
calculated using the formula below:
c = gH
(b)
where, c = speed,
g = acceleration due to gravity
H = water depth
How would you expect the speed of a tsunami to change as it moved into shallower water?
.......................................................................................................................................................
Witnesses describe tsunami waves gaining height, and their wave tops becoming closer together as
they move into shallower water.
(c)
Rewrite this observation, selecting words from the following list of scientific terms, as
appropriate:
velocity, amplitude, wavelength, frequency.

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Page 30 of 32
Examine the Evolutionary tree for living things below. It shows how life on Earth has developed
from a common ancestor (C) showing the adaptations (character changes) that have occurred over
time giving rise to the variation of life observed today.
A hypothetical common ancestor

An adaptation inherited by
all descendants
(a)
What adaptations differentiated bacteria from all other life forms?
(b)
Identify an adaptation that all animals except Sponges have in common?
(c)
Name the animal that is most closely related to vertebrates?
Page 31 of 32
A group of students designed an experiment to explore
Newtons 2nd Law of motion, F = ma. They varied the
angle of the ramp shown opposite, in order to vary the
force on the trolley, F, and measured the resulting
acceleration, a, of the trolley down the ramp.
The students produced the following table of results.

F
(N)
0.73
1.15
1.57
1.98
2.37
a
(m/s2)
0.80
1.64
2.48
3.30
4.08
(a)
Using these results, plot a graph of F versus a and include a line of best fit.
(b)
Use your graph to determine an estimate for m, the mass of the trolley. Show your working
(c)
What is the physical significance of the y-intercept on your graph?
End of Part C
Page 32 of 32

2013 Yearly Exam MK

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James Ruse Agricultural High School

Total: 100 marks

Part A: Multiple Choice: 25 marks

JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination

Which of the following identifies an element as distinct from other elements?

the number of electrons

Given the following substances:

Identify the type of bonding present in some of the above substances.

Covalent bond only

Ionic bond only

JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination

Ionic and covalent bonds

Examine the following table of alloy composition and properties.

copper and zinc

tin and copper

tin and lead

copper and nickel

cast metal sculpture

Which item(s) in the table is/are correct?

Given the following reactions:

Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 NaI (aq)

Which of A,B,C or D identifies the correct classification for each reaction?

Why are members of a family of elements similar in chemical properties?

They have the same number of neutrons.

JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination

What is the correct classification of this compound?

A proton transfers from chlorine to sodium.

Examine the following diagram and table closely.

Reactivity Series of Metals

Which of the following conclusions is justified by the diagram and table?

Water is essential for corrosion to occur.

JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination

Offspring inherit a mixture of

Individuals develop certain Offspring inherit these useful

The species stays

The population shows a

Characteristics which favour

The species changes to

There is variation in the

Individuals best suited to the

JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination

Why are fossils like this strong evidence for evolution?

Life on Earth has changed over time.

Choose the option that correctly labels the parts of a neuron.

JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination

What is the main fuel in stars?

The Hubble Telescope detects light from distant stars.

The image is magnified for detailed viewing.

JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination

For the diagram below the resistance force acting down is 20 N.

JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination

Use the information below to answer Questions 20 and 21.

Which species is the oldest?

JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination

JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination

JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination

JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination

Part B: Extended Response (53 marks)

Explain how genes and chromosomes are related to DNA

By using the diagram, name the missing base X

JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination

Identify the genotype of Generation II number 3 person

JRAHS Year 10 2013 Science Yearly Examination

Label the diagram of a simple electromagnet below.