Name

: Wang Riadi

ID

: 1214440012

Class

: ICP B Biology
Replication Process

In replication, the first is intiation the point of ori ( initiation protein).Then, a protein known as
helicase attaches to and breaks apart the hydrogen bonds between the bases on the DNA strands,
thereby pulling apart the two strands. As the helicase moves along the DNA molecule, it
continues breaking these hydrogen bonds and separating the two polynucleotide chains.

Figure 1: Helicase (yellow) unwinds the double helix.

sMeanwhile, as the helicase separates the strands, another enzyme called primase briefly attaches
to each strand and assembles a foundation at which replication can begin. This is a short stretch
of nucleotides called a primer.

Figure 2: While helicase and the initiator protein (not shown) separate the two polynucleotide chains, primase (red)
assembles
a
primer.
This
primer
permits
the
next
step
in
the
replication
process.

After the primer is in place on a single, unwound polynucleotide strand, DNA polymerase wraps
itself around that strand, and it attaches new nucleotides to the exposed nitrogenous bases. In this
way, the polymerase assembles a new DNA strand on top of the existing one

Figure 3: Beginning at the primer sequence, DNA polymerase (shown in blue) attaches to the original DNA strand
and begins assembling a new, complementary strand.

As DNA polymerase makes its way down the unwound DNA strand, it relies upon the pool of
free-floating nucleotides surrounding the existing strand to build the new strand. The nucleotides
that make up the new strand are paired with partner nucleotides in the template strand; because
of their molecular structures, A and T nucleotides always pair with one another, and C and G
nucleotides always pair with one another. This phenomenon is known as complementary base
pairing and it results in the production of two complementary strands of DNA.

Figure 4: Each nucleotide has an affinity for its partner. A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.

Base pairing ensures that the sequence of nucleotides in the existing template strand is exactly
matched to a complementary sequence in the new strand, also known as the anti-sequence of the
template strand. Later, when the new strand is itself copied, its complementary strand will
contain the same sequence as the original template strand. Thus, as a result of complementary
base pairing, the replication process proceeds as a series of sequence and anti-sequence copying
that preserves the coding of the original DNA.

Figure 5: A new DNA strand is synthesized. This strand contains nucleotides that are complementary to those in
the template sequence.