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B31.

3
1/2" s/40 & Std. - 0.109" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.172"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length:

0.218 Max Individual Width: 0.055"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.436 in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.109" in 1.308" of w.

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.036"

Max Individual Width: 0.036"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.012

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.027"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.109" in a 1.308" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.218"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Max number of relevant internal porosity in a 6" length of of weld = 12

0.036"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.027"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.109" in a 1.308" length of weld.
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.218
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Max number of relevant internal porosity in a 6" length of weld = 12

0.036"

B31.3
1/2 s/80 & Extra Strong - 0.147" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.210"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.294"

Max Individual Width: 0.074"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.588" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.147" in 1.764" of w.

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.049"

Max Individual Width: 0.049"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.037"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.147" in a 1.764" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.294"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"

0.049"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.037"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.147" in a 1.764" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.294"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"

0.049"

B31.3
1/2" s/160 - 0.188" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.251"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.376"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.752" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.188" in 2.256" of w.

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.063"

Max Individual Width: 0.063"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.047"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.188" in a 2.256" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.376"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"

0.063"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.047"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.188" in a 2.256" length of weld.
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.376"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.063"

B31.3
3/4" s/40 & Std. - 0.113" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.176"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.226"

Max Individual Width: 0.057"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.452" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.113" in 1.356" of w.

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.038"

Max Individual Width: 0.038"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.012

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.028"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.113" in a 1.356" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.226"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Max number of relevant internal porosity in a 6" length of of weld = 12

0.038"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.028"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.113" in a 1.356" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.226"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Max number of relevant internal porosity in a 6" length of weld = 12

0.038"

B31.3
3/4" s/80 & Extra Strong - 0.154" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.217"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.308"

Max Individual Width: 0.077"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.616" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.154" in 1.848" of w.

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.051"

Max Individual Width: 0.051"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.039"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.154" in a 1.848" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.308"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"

0.051"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.039"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.154" in a 1.848" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.308"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.051"

B31.3
3/4" s/160 - 0.219" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.282"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.438"

Max Individual Width: 0.110"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.876" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.219" in 2.628" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.073"

Max Individual Width: 0.073"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.055"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.219" in a 2.628" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.438"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"

0.073"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.055"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.219" in a 2.628" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.438"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.073"

B31.3
3/4" XX Strong - 0.308" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.433"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.616"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.232" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.308" in 3.696" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.103"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031"

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.116"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.462" in a 3.696" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.924"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"

0.154"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.077"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.308" in a 3.696" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.616"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.103"

B31.3
1" s/10 - 0.109" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.172"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.218"

Max Individual Width: 0.055"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.436" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.109" in 1.308" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.036"

Max Individual Width: 0.036"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.012

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.027"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.109" in a 1.308" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.218"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Max number of relevant internal porosity in a 6" length of weld = 12

0.036"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.027"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.109" in a 1.308" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.218"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Max number of relevant internal porosity in a 6" length of weld = 12

0.036"

B31.3
1" s/40 & Std. - 0.133" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.196"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.266"

Max Individual Width: 0.067"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.532" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.133" in 1.596" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.044"

Max Individual Width: 0.044"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.033"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.133" in a 1.596" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.266"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"

0.044"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.033"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.133" in a 1.596" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.266"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.044"

B31.3
1" s/80 & Extra Strong - 0.179" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
`
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.242"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.358"

Max Individual Width: 0.090"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.716" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.179" in 2.148" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.060"

Max Individual Width: 0.060"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.045"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.179" in a 2.148" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.358"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"

0.060"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.045"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.179" in a 2.148" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.358"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.060"

B31.3
1" s/160 - 0.250" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.313"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.500"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.000 in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.250" in 3.000" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.083"

Max Individual Width: 0.083"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.063"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.250" in a 3.000" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"

0.083"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.063"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.250" in 3.000" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.500"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.083"

B31.3
1" XX Strong - 0.358" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.483"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.716"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.432" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.358" in 4.296" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.119"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.134"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.537" in a 4.296" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.074"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"

0.179"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.090"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.358" in a 4.296" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.716"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.119"

B31.3
1.25" s/10 - 0.109" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.172"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.218"

Max Individual Width: 0.055"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.436" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.109" in 1.308" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.036"

Max Individual Width: 0.036"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.012

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.027"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.109" in a 1.308" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.218"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Max number of relevant internal porosity in a 6" length of weld = 12
Severe Cyclic:

0.036"

Max size of Random Internal Porosity:


0.027"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.109" in a 1.308" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.218"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Max number of relevant internal porosity in a 6" length of weld = 12

0.036"

B31.3
1.25" s/40 & Std. - 0.140" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.203"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.280"

Max Individual Width: 0.070"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.560" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.140" in 1.680" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.047"

Max Individual Width: 0.047"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.035"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.140" in a 1.680" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.280"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Severe Cyclic:

0.047"

Max size of Random Internal Porosity:


0.035"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.140" in a 1.680" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.280"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.047"

B31.3
1.25" s/160 - 0.250" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.313"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.500"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.000" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.250" in 3.000" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.083"

Max Individual Width: 0.083"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.063"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.250" in a 3.000" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Severe Cyclic:

0.083"

Max size of Random Internal Porosity:


0.063"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.250" in 3.000" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.500"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.083"

B31.3
1.25" XX Strong - 0.382" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.507"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.764"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.528" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.382" in 4.584" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.127"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.143"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.573" in a 4.584" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.146"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Severe Cyclic:

0.191"

Max size of Random Internal Porosity:


0.096"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.382" in a 4.584" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.764"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.127"

B31.3
1.5" s/10 - 0.109" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.172"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.218"

Max Individual Width: 0.055"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.436" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.109" in 1.308" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.036"

Max Individual Width: 0.036"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.012

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.027"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.109" in a 1.308" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.218'
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Max number of relevant internal porosity in a 6" length of of weld = 12

0.036"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.027"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.109" in a 1.308" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.218"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Max number of relevant internal porosity in a 6" length of weld = 12

0.036"

B31.3
1.5" s/40 & /Std. - 0.145" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.208"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.290"

Max Individual Width: 0.073"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.580" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.145" in 1.740" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.048"

Max Individual Width: 0.048"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.036"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.145" in a 1.740" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.290"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Severe Cyclic:

0.048"

Max size of Random Internal Porosity:


0.036"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.145" in a 1.740" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.290"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.048"

B31.3
1.5" s/80 & Extra Strong - 0.200" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.263"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.400"

Max Individual Width: 0.100"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.800" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.200" in 2.400" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.067"

Max Individual Width: 0.067"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.050"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.200" in a 2.400" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.400"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Severe Cyclic:

0.067"

Max size of Random Internal Porosity:


0.050"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.200" in a 2.400" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.400"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.067"

B31.3
1.5" s/160 - 0.281" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.406"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.562"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.124" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.281" in 3.372" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.094"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.105"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.422" in a 3.372" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.843"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Severe Cyclic:

0.141"

Max size of Random Internal Porosity:


0.070"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.281" in a 3.372" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.562"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.094"

B31.3
1.5" XX Strong - 0.400" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.525"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.800"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.600" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.400" in 4.800" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.133"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.150"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.600" in a 4.800" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.200"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Severe Cyclic:

0.200"

Max size of Random Internal Porosity:


0.100"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.400" in a 4.800" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.800"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.133"

B31.3
2" s/40 & Std. - 0.154" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.217"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.308"

Max Individual Width: 0.077"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.616" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.154" in 1.848" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.051"

Max Individual Width: 0.051"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.039"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.154" in a 1.848" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.308"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"

0.051"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.039"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.154" in a 1.848" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.308"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.051"

B31.3
2" s/80 and Extra Strong - 0.218" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.281"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.436"

Max Individual Width: 0.109"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.872" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.218" in 2.616" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.073"

Max Individual Width: 0.073"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.055"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.218" in a 2.616" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.436"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"

0.073"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.055"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.218" in a 2.616" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.436"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.073"

B31.3
2" s/160 - 0.344" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.469"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.688"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.376" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.344" in 4.128" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.115"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.129"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.516" in a 4.128" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.032"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"

0.172"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.086"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.344" in a 4.128" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.688"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.115"

B31.3
2" XX Strong - 0.436" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.561"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.872"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.744" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.436" in 5.232" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.145"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Normal Services:

Not a factor for normal service

Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.164"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.654" in a 5.232" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.308"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"

0.218"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.109"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.436" in a 5.232" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.872"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.145"

B31.3
3" s/10 - 0.120" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.183"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.240"

Max Individual Width: 0.060"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.480" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.120" in 1.440" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.040"

Max Individual Width: 0.040"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.013

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.030"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.120" in a 1.440" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.240"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Max number of relevant internal porosity in a 6" length of of weld = 12

0.040"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.030"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.120" in a 1.440" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.240"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Max number of relevant internal porosity in a 6" length of weld = 12

0.040"

B31.3
3" s/40 & Std. - 0.216" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.279"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.432"

Max Individual Width: 0.108"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.864" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.216" in 2.592" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.072"

Max Individual Width: 0.072"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.054"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.216" in a 2.592" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.432"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"

0.072"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.054"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.216" in a 2.592" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.432"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.072"

B31.3
3" s/80 and Extra Strong - 0.300" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.425"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.600"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.200" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.300" in 3.600" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.100"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.113"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.450" in a 3.600" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.900"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"

0.150"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.075"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.300" in a 3.600" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.600"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.100"

B31.3
3" s/160 - 0.438" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.563"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.876"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.752" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.438" in 5.256" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.146"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.164"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.657" in a 5.256" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.314"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"

0.219"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.110"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.438" in a 5.256" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.876"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.146"

B31.3
3" XX Strong - 0.600" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.756"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.200"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.400" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.600" in 7.200" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.200"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.225"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.900" in a 7.200" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"

0.300"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.150"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.600" in a 7.200" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.200"

B31.3
4" s/10 - 0.120" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.183"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.240"

Max Individual Width: 0.060"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.480" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.120" in 1.440" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.040"

Max Individual Width: 0.040"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.013

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.030"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.120" in a 1.440" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.240"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Max number of relevant internal porosity in a 6" length of weld = 12

0.040"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.030"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.120" in a 1.440" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.240"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
Max number of relevant internal porosity in a 6" length of weld = 12

0.040"

B31.3
4" s/40 & Std. - 0.237" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.183"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.474"

Max Individual Width: 0.119"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.948" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.237" in 2.844" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.079"

Max Individual Width: 0.079"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.059"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.237" in a 2.844" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.474"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.079"

1.0"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.059"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.237" in a 2.844" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.474"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.079"

B31.3
4" s/80 and Extra Strong - 0.337" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.462"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.674"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.348" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.337" in 4.044" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.112"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.126"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.506" in a 4.044" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.011"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.169"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.084"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.337" in a 4.044" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.674"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.112"

B31.3
4" s/120 - 0.438" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.563"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.876"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.752" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.438" in 5.256" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.146"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.164"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.657" in a 5.256" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.314"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.219"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.110"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.438" in a 5.256" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.876"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.146"

B31.3
4" s/160 - 0.531" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.687"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.062"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.124" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.531" in 6.372" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.177"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.199"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.797" in a 6.372" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.266"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.133"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.531" in a 6.372" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.177"

B31.3
4" XX Strong - 0.674" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.830"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.348"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.696" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.674" in 8.008" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.225"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.011" in a 8.088" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.337"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.674" in a 8.088" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.225"

B31.3
6" s/10 = 0.134" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.197"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.268"

Max Individual Width: 0.067"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.536" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.134" in 1.608" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.045"

Max Individual Width: 0.045"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.034"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.134" in a 1.608" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.268"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.045"

1.0"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.034"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.134" in a 1.608" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.268"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.045"

B31.3
6" s/40 & Std. - 0.280" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.405"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.560"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.120" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.280" in 3.360" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.093"

Max Individual Width: 0.093"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.105"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.420" in a 3.360" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.840"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.140"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.070"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.280" in a 3.360" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.560"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.093"

B31.3
6" s/80 & Extra Strong - 0.432" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.557"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.864"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.728" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.432" in 5.184" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.144"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.162"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.648" in a 5.184" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.296"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.216"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.108"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.432" in a 5.184" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.864"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.144"

B31.3
6" s/160 - 0.719" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.875"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.438"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.876" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.719" in 8.628" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.240"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.079" in a 8.628" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.360"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.719" in a 8.628" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.240"

B31.3
6" XX Strong - 0.864" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.020"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.728"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

3.456" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.864" in 10.368"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.288"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.296" in a 10.368" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.432"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.864" in a 10.368" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.288"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
8" s/10 - 0.148" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.211"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.296"

Max Individual Width: 0.074"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.592" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.148" in 1.776" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.049"

Max Individual Width: 0.049"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.037"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.148" in a 1.776" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.296"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.049"

1.0"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.037"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.148" in a 1.776" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.296"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.049"

B31.3
8" s/40 & Std. - 0.322" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.447"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.644"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.288" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.322" in 3.864" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.107"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.121"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.483" in a 3.864" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.966"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.161"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.081"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.322" in a 3.864" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.644"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.107"

B31.3
8" s/80 & Extra Strong - 0.500" Wall
Penetrameter Selection
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.625"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.000"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.000" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.500" in 6.000" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.167"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.188"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.750" in a 6.000" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.125"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.500" in a 6.000" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.167"

B31.3
8" s/120 - 0.719" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.875"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.438"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.876" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.719" in 8.628" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.240"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.079" in a 8.628" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.360"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.719" in a 8.628" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.240"

B31.3
8" s/160 - 0.906" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.062"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.812"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

3.624" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.906" in 10.872"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.302"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.359" in a 10.872" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.453"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.906" in a 10.872" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.302"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
8" XX Strong - 0.875" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.031"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.750"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

3.500" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.875" in 10.500"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.292"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.313" in a 10.5" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.438"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.875" in a 10.5" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.292"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
10" s/10 - 0.165" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.228"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.330"

Max Individual Width: 0.083"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.660" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.165" in 1.980" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.055"

Max Individual Width: 0.055"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.041"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.165" in a 1.980" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.330"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.055"

1.0"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.041"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.165" in a 1.980" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.330"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.055"

B31.3
10" s/40 & Std. - 0.365" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.490"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.730"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.460" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.365" in 4.380" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.122"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.137"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.548" in a 3.864" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.095"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.183"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.091"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.365" in a 4.380" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.730"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.122"

B31.3
10" s/80 - 0.594" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.750"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.188"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.376" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.594" in 7.128" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.198"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.223"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.894" in a 7.128" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.297"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.149"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.594" in a 7.128" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.198"

B31.3
10" Extra Strong - 0.500" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.625"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.000"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.000" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.500" in 6.000"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.167"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.188"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.750" in a 6.000" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.125"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.500" in a 6.000" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.167"

B31.3
10" s/120 - 0.844" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.000"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.688"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

3.376" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.844" in 10.128"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.281"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.266" in a 10.128" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.422"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.844" in a 10.128" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.281"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
10" s/160 - 1.125" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.188"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.313"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 2.250"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

4.5" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

1.125" in 13.500"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.375"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.688" in a 13.5" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.563"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
1.125" in a 13.5" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
10" XX Strong - 1.00" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.156"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 2.000"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

4.000" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

1.000" in 12.00"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.333"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.500" in a 12.0" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
1.000" in a 12.0" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.333"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
12" s/10 - 0.180" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.243"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.360"

Max Individual Width: 0.090"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.720" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.180" in 2.160" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.060"

Max Individual Width: 0.060"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
0.016
Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.045"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.180" in a 2.160" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.360"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.060"

1.0"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.045"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.180" in a 2.160" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.360"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.060"

B31.3
12" Standard - 0.375" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.500"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.750"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.500" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.375" in 4.5" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.125"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.141"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.563" in a 4.5" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.125"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.188"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.094"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.375" in a 4.5" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.750"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.125"

B31.3
12" s/40 - 0.406" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.531"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.812"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.624" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.406" in 4.872"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.135"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.152"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.609" in a 4.872" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.218"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.203"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.102"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.406" in a 4.872" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.812"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.135"

B31.3
12" s/80 - 0.688" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.844"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.376"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.752" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.688" in 8.256" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.229"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.032" in a 8.256" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.344"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.688" in a 8.256" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.229"

B31.3
12" Extra Strong - 0.500" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.625"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.000"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.000" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.500" in 6.0" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.167"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.188"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.750" in a 6.000" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.125"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.500" in a 6.000" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.167"

B31.3
12" XX Strong - 1.00" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.156"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 2.000"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

4.000" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

1.000" in 12.00"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.333"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.500" in a 12.0" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
1.000" in a 12.0" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.333"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
12" s/120 - 1.00" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.156"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 2.000"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

4.000" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

1.000" in 12.00"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.333"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.500" in a 12.0" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
1.000" in a 12.0" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.333"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
12" s/160 - 1.312" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.188"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.500"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 2.624"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

5.248" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

1.312" in 15.744"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.437"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.968" in a 15.744" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.656"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.5"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
1.312" in a 15.744" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.437"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.0"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
16" s/10 - 0.188" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.251"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.376"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.752" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.188" in 2.256" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.063"

Max Individual Width: 0.063"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.047"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.188" in a 2.256" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.376"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.063"

1.0"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.047"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.188" in a 2.256" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.376"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.063"

B31.3
16 " Standard - 0.375" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.500"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.750"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.500" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.375" in 4.500"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.125"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.141"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.563" in a 4.500" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.125"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.188"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.094"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.375" in a 4.500" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.750"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.125"

B31.3
16" s/40 - 0.500" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.625"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.000"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.000" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.500" in 6.0" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.167"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.188"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.750" in a 6.000" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.125"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.500" in a 6.000" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.167"

B31.3
16" Extra Strong - 0.500" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.625"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.000"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.000" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.500" in 6.0" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.167"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.188"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.750" in a 6.000" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.125"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.500" in a 6.000" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.167"

B31.3
16" s/80 - 0.844" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 F/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.00"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.688"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

3.376" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.844" in 10.128"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.281"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.266" in a 10.128" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.422"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.844" in a 10.128" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.281"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
16" s/120 - 1.219" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.188"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.407"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 2.438"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

4.876" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

1.219" in 14.628"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.406"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.829" in a 14.628" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.610"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
1.219" in a 14.628" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.406"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
16" s/160 - 1.594" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
35 S/S Wire:
0.032 Esn. Wire: B1 or C6
F/S Hole:
30 F/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
35 S/S Wire:
0.032 Esn. Wire: B1 or C6
F/S Hole:
30 F/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.188"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.782"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 3.188"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

6.376" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

1.594" in 19.128"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.531"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 2.391" in a 19.128" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.797"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
1.594" in a 19.128" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.531"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
20" s/10 - 0.218" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.281"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.436"

Max Individual Width: 0.109"

Max Cumulative Length:

0.872" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.218" in 2.616" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.073"

Max Individual Width: 0.073"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.055"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.218" in a 2.616" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.436"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.073"

1.0"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.055"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.218" in a 2.616" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.436"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.073"

B31.3
20" Standard - 0.375" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.500"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.750"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.500" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.375" in 4.5" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.125"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.141"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.563" in a 4.5" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.125"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.188"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.094"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.375" in a 4.5" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.750"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.125"

B31.3
20" s/40 - 0.594" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.750"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.188"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.376" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.594" in 7.128" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.198"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.223"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.891" in a 7.128" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.297"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.149"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.594" in a 7.128" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.198"

B31.3
20" Extra Strong - 0.500" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.625"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.000"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.000" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.500" in 6.000"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.167"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.188"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.750" in a 6.0" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.125"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.500" in a 6.0" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.167"

B31.3
20" s/80 - 1.031" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.188"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.219"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 2.062"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

4.124" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

1.031" in 12.372"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.344"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.547" in a 12.372" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.516"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
1.031" in a 12.372" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.344"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
20" s/120 - 1.500" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
35 S/S Wire:
0.032 Esn. Wire: B1 or C6
F/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.188"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.688"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 3.00"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

6" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

1.500" in 18.00"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.500"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 2.250" in a 18.00" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.750"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
1.500" in a 18.00" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
20" s/160 - 1.969" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
35 S/S Wire:
0.032 Esn. Wire: B1 or C6
F/S Hole:
30 F/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
40 S/S Wire:
0.040 Esn. Wire: C5
F/S Hole:
35 S/S Wire:
0.032 Esn. Wire: B1 or C6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.188"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
2.157"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 3.938"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

7.876" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

1.696" in 23.628"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.656"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 2.954" in a 23.628" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.985"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
1.969" in a 23.628" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.656"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
24" s/10 - .250" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
F/S Hole:
10 F/S Wire:
0.006 Esn. Wire: A3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 S/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.0625"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.313"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.500"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.00" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.250" in 3.00" of w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.083"

Max Individual Width: 0.083"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.016

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.063"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.250" in a 3.000" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.083"

1.0"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.063"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.250" in a 3.000" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.500"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.083"

B31.3
24" s/40 - 0.688" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.844"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.376"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.752" in 6" of weld

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.229"

Max Individual Width:

0.094 Max Cumulative Length:

0.688" in 8.256"/w

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.032" in a 8.256" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.344"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.688" in a 8.256" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.229"

B31.3
24" Standard - 0.375" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.500"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.750"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.500" in 6" of weld

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.125"

Max Individual Width:

0.094 Max Cumulative Length:

0.375" in 4.5" of w

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.141"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.563" in a 4.500" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.125"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.188"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.094"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.375" in a 4.500" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.750"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.125"

B31.3
24" Extra Strong - 0.500" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforce`
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.625"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.000"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.000" in 6" of weld

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.167"

Max Individual Width:

0.094 Max Cumulative Length:

0.500" in 6.000"/w

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.188"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.750" in a 6.000" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.125"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.500" in a 6.000" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.167"

B31.3
24" s/80 - 1.218" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 F/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
30 S/S Wire:
0.025 Esn. Wire: B2
F/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.188"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
1.406"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 2.438"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

4.876" in 6" of weld

0.094 Max Cumulative Length:

1.219" in 14.628"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.406"

Max Individual Width:

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.829" in a 14.628" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.610"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
1.219" in a 14.628" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.406"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

B31.3
24" s/160 - 2.344" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
40 S/S Wire:
0.040 Esn. Wire: C5
F/S Hole:
35 F/S Wire:
0.032 Esn. Wire: B1 or C6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
50 S/S Wire:
0.050 Esn. Wire: C4
F/S Hole:
40 S/S Wire:
0.040 Esn. Wire: C5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.188"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
2.532"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 4.688"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

9.376" in 6" of weld

0.094 Max Cumulative Length:

2.344" in 28.128"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.781"

Max Individual Width:

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 3.516" in a 28.128" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
1.125"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.563"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
2.344" in a 28.128" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.750"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

B31.3
36" s/10 - 0.312" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.437"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.624"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.248" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.312" in 3.744"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.104"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.117"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.468" in a 3.744" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.936"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.156"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.078"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.312" in a 3.744" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.624"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.104"

B31.3
36" Standard - 0.375" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
F/S Hole:
12 F/S Wire:
0.008 Esn. Wire: A2
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 S/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.500"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 0.750"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

1.500" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.375" in 4.500"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.125"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.141"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.563" in a 4.500" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.125"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.188"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.094"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.375" in a 4.500" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
0.750"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.125"

B31.3
36" Extra Strong - 0.500" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
F/S Hole:
15 F/S Wire:
0.010 Esn. Wire: A1 or B6
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 S/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.125"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.625"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.000"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

2.000" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.500" in 6.000"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.167"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.188"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 0.750" in a 6.000" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.125"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.500" in a 6.000" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.167"

B31.3
36" s/40 - 0.750" Wall
PENETRAMETER SELECTION
Note: The letter refers to the ASTM set, the number is how many wires must be visible from
largest to smallest.
Welds without reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
F/S Hole:
17 F/S Wire:
0.013 Esn. Wire: B5
Welds with reinforcement:
S/S Hole:
25 S/S Wire:
0.020 Esn. Wire: B3
F/S Hole:
20 S/S Wire:
0.016 Esn. Wire: B4
Maximum allowable reinforcement:
0.156"
Total of wall + reinforcement:
0.906"
CRACKS AND LACK OF FUSION
None Allowed
INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
Normal Service
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections: Max 1.5" in a 6" length of weld.
Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
Severe Cyclic
Girth and Miter Groove, Branch Connections, and Longitudinal Groove: None allowed
SLAG INCLUSION, TUNGSTEN INCLUSION, OR ELONGATED INDICATION
Normal Service
Max Individual Length: 1.500"

Max Individual Width: 0.125"

Max Cumulative Length:

3.00" in 6" of weld

Max Cumulative Length:

0.750" in 9.00"/w

Severe Cyclic Conditions


Max Individual Length: 0.250"

Max Individual Width: 0.094"

UNDERCUTTING
Not a factor for normal service

Normal Services:
Severe Cyclic:

Zero allowed

CONCAVE ROOT SURFACE (SUCK-UP)


Normal Services and Severe Cyclic:

Unacceptable if concave root is darker than the wall

INTERNAL POROSITY
Relevant Indication:

0.031

Normal Services:
Max Size of Random Internal Porosity:

0.234"

Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:

Max Sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity: 1.125" in a 9.00" length of weld


Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.375"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.500"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.375"

1.5"

Severe Cyclic:
Max size of Random Internal Porosity:
0.156"
Max Size of Isolated Internal Porosity:
Max sum of diameters of Aligned Porosity:
0.750" in a 9.00" length of weld
Max group length of Aligned Internal Porosity:
0.250"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:
1.000"
1.0"
Max group length of Cluster Internal Porosity if more than 1 group is present in a 6" length of weld:

0.250"

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