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The market research process is a systematic methodology for informing business decisions.
The figure below breaks the process down into six steps:
Exploratory Research This form of research is used when the topic is not well defined or
understood, our hypothesis is not well defined, and our knowledge of a topic is vague.
Exploratory research will help we gain broad insights, narrow our focus, and learn the basics
necessary to go deeper. Common exploratory market research techniques include secondary
research, focus groups and interviews. Exploratory research is a qualitative form of research.
Descriptive Research If our research objective calls for more detailed data on a specific
topic, well be conducting quantitative descriptive research. The goal of this form of market
research is to measure specific topics of interest, usually in a quantitative way. Surveys are
the most common research instrument for descriptive research.
Causal Research The most specific type of research is causal research, which usually
comes in the form of a field test or experiment. In this case, we are trying to determine a
causal relationship between variables
Step 3. Design & Prepare Our Research Instrument
In this step of the market research process, its time to design our research tool. If a survey is
the most appropriate tool (as determined in step 2), well begin by writing our questions and
designing our questionnaire. If a focus group is our instrument of choice, well start
preparing questions and materials for the moderator. We get the idea. This is the part of the
process where we start executing our plan.
By the way, step 3.5 should be to test our survey instrument with a small group prior to broad
deployment. Take our sample data and get it into a spreadsheet; are there any issues with the
data structure? This will allow we to catch potential problems early, and there are always
problems.
Step 4. Collect Our Data
This is the meat and potatoes of our project; the time when we are administering our survey,
running our focus groups, conducting our interviews, implementing our field test, etc. The
answers, choices, and observations are all being collected and recorded, usually in
spreadsheet form. Each nugget of information is precious and will be part of the masterful
conclusions we will soon draw.
Step 5. Analyze Our Data
Step 4 (data collection) has drawn to a close and we have heaps of raw data sitting in our lap.
If its on scraps of paper, well probably need to get it in spreadsheet form for further
analysis. If its already in spreadsheet form, its time to make sure weve got it structured
properly. Once thats all done, the fun begins. Run summaries with the tools provided in our
software package (typically Excel, SPSS, Minitab, etc.), build tables and graphs, segment our
results by groups that make sense (i.e. age, gender, etc.), and look for the major trends in our
data. Start to formulate the story we will tell.
Define Objectives
What should be the price of the new soft drink of CocaCola ?
Determine Research Design
First exploratory research to determine what competitors are
doing e.g. Pepsi, Marinda, Tiger, RC , Mojo etc. ( secondary
research)
Second, Descriptive research (survey) to measure target
customers' attitudes, expectations
Determine target population
Sampling strategy
Incentive and recruiting plan
Design and Prepare Survery
Questionnaire Design - Let's do a choice conjoint analysis
Test Survey
Sampling and Data COllection
Structure Data
Regression Analysis
Prepare & Communication Results
Answer the original business probpem - We recommend pricing
to be a one-time fee and an appropriate price point based on
this research is Tk. 35