Lab 9: Invertebrates Review

I. Platyhelminthes
a. What are they also known as?
i. What are the four classes that they are distributed in?
ii. What is the flatworm that we observed in class called?
b. What are the three germ layers?
i. What do the germ layers mainly compose?
ii. What kind of level of organization do the flatworms have?
c. What is the main body plan that they have?
i. What is the different between bilateral symmetry and radial symmetry?
ii. Do flatworms have cephalization? If so what does this mean? What is the
analogous structure in the rat? Crayfish? Earthworm?
iii. What are the different types of body cavity structures? What does the
flatworm have? What does this mean?
d. Organ systems
i. Digestive System
1. What pathway does food take in the flatworm?
2. How does food enter into the gastrovascular cavity?
3. From where are the wastes expelled?
4. What is an analogous structure in the rat of the pharynx? Crayfish?
Worm?
ii. Nervous System
1. Where is cephalization observed?
2. What are the eyespots there to sense?
3. How is their nervous system organized?
iii. Excretory/osmoregulatory System
1. What are the excretory organs in flatworms? What is an analogous
structure in cockroaches? Earthworms? Rats?
2. How do these organs work?
3. What do they mainly function to control?
iv. Reproductive System
1. Do they go through asexual or sexual reproduction?
2. Are they monoecious or diecious? What is the definition of these
terms?
II. Annelida
a. What are the different classes in this Phylum?
i. What are the common names for the organisms in these classes?
b. What body plan do earthworms have?
i. Acoelomate or Coelomate?
ii. What is the repetition of body parts called? What parts are being repeated in
the worms?
c. Organ Systems
i. Locomotion
1. What are the different types of muscles used to move?
2. What other function do the muscles have on their body?

ii. Digestive System

1. Do they have a complete or incomplete digestive system?
2. What is the pathway food takes in the earthworm?
3. Where are the calciferous glands located? What is their main role?
iii. Circulatory System
1. Open or closed circulatory system? What does this mean?
2. Do they have a respiratory pigment? If yes, what is it? What is the
pigment, if they have one, in cockroaches? Crayfish? Rats?
3. What pumps the blood throughout the body?
iv. Nervous System
1. What is considered to be the brain in earthworms? Where is it
located?
v. Excretory System
1. How do earthworms eliminate nitrogen waste? Where are they found?
2. What are nephridia? What is their main function?
vi. Reproductive System
1. What is the swelling that is seen on the worm? What is its function?
2. What does being a hermaphroditic species mean?
3. What structures contain the testes to store sperm? How are the sperm
released and what do they travel through to reach the surface of the
worm?
4. Is fertilization external or internal?
III. Arthropoda
a. What are some common names for species in this phylum?
b. What are prominent features that are found in arthropids?
i. Why do they have to molt?
ii. What do the joints help in doing?
c. Draw the tree of arthropoda with the major groups Trilobitomopha, Chelicerata,
Mandibulata, Crustacea, Myriapoda and Hexapoda included
i. Include the different special features each of these groups have
d. TAXON: INSECTA
i. What is a common name for a species in this taxon?
ii. What are the two basic developmental life cycles of insect? What are the four
different stages of each? What is recognizable in each phase?
iii. Cockroach
1. Open or close circulatory system? What is the main blood vessel?
What is analogous to blood in the cockroaches?
2. What is the pathway for respiration? Is there a respiratory pigment?
3. What is the pathway of the digestive system? Where does most of the
absorption and digestion occur? What is an analogous structure to the
gizzard in rats? Cockroaches? Crayfish? Worms?
4. What are the malpighian tubules? Where are they located? What
system are they a part of?
5. What are reproductive differences between male and female
cockroaches? How can you tell the different between the sexes
without dissecting them?

6. How does the nerve cord placement compare to vertebrates? How is it

organized?
e. TAXON: CRUSTACEA
i. What is the common name for the species in this taxon?
ii. Crayfish
1. What is special about the swimmerets? What process are they mainly
used for? How can you determine the sex?
2. How does gas exchange work for the respiratory system?
3. Open or closed circulatory system? What is hemolyph and
hemocyanin? Whats the difference between the two?
4. Are they dioecious or monoecious?
5. What are the differences in male and female reproductive systems?
What are the different organs in each of the sexes? Compare these with
the rat, cockroach and worm reproductive systems.
6. Do they have a complete digestive system? How does the pathway
differ with the other animals we dissected?
7. What glands are the main players in the excretory system? How do they
work?