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3. Observed altitude.
4. Dip Correction
Always Subtracted
5. Apparent Altitude.
6. (a) Total Correction
Stars / Planets(-)
UL/LL(UL-/LL+) HP(+) MC(+)
Moon
Venus / Mars
7. True Altitude.
8. True Zenith distance (TZD)
90 0 True Altitude.
NOTE: (i) In case of back angle complete up to step 4 using sextant altitude and
obtain observed altitude more than 900, i.e., Back angle.
(ii)Obtain apparent altitude by subtracting the corrected Back Angle
from 180
DR POSITION.
1. Go to the daily page of the required day/date for which sunrise, set, twilight is
required.
2. Write down the time tabulated for the two latitudes that contains the DR latitude.
3. Interpolate and obtain the time for the required DR latitude. This is the correction
required to be applied.
4. Apply this correction to time for the lesser of the tabulated latitude. This is the
LMT for sunrise/set/ twilight.
5. Convert the given DR longitude in to LIT.
6. Use formula LMT = GMT + LIT (East) OR LMT = GMT LIT (West).
7. This is the sunrise, set, twilight for the middle day. (This can be taken as the time
for all three days on the page). For more accurate value proceed further.
8. If time required is for the top day then go to the previous page. If time is required
for the bottom day then go to the next page.
9. Calculate GMT of sun rise, set, twilight using instructions at steps 1 to 6 above
10. Calculate the difference between times at step 6 and 9. This is for 3 days.
Therefore divide the value by 3 to obtain value for 1 day.
11. Apply the correction to the time obtained in step 6. (Check if the previous page
or next page is increasing or decreasing. apply the correction accordingly. That is
increasing add and decreasing subtract.)
DR POSITION.
1. Enter the Nautical almanac with the latitude as done for sunrise/set and extract
the tabulated time for that day. Also extract the tabulated time for the PREVIOUS
day in case DR longitude is EAST and the NEXT day if DR longitude is WEST.
2. Interpolate for both days and obtain the time for both days.
3. Calculate the difference in time between times obtained for both days.
4. Calculate correction for longitude by dividing the difference by 360 and
multiplying by the longitude.
5. Apply this correction (by adding or subtracting) to the time obtained for that day
so the corrected time falls between the two days for which tabulated times were
extracted in step 1.
Note: (a) The moonrise and set may not happen on a particular day (approximately
once a month) and the tabulated time will be more than 24 hours. In such cases
take the day on which the actual time (less than 24 hours) is given
(b) The general rule of subtract correction for east longitudes and add correction for
west longitudes may not hold good for moon, particularly in higher latitudes.
Therefore ensure the calculated time falls between the two days for which the times
were extracted.
(c) The time against latitudes are tabulated for four days to facilitate easy
interpolation.
CALCULATING AZIMUTH
A. This calculation is required for
1. To obtain gyro error and magnetic compass deviation.
2. To find the bearing of a heavenly body and to off-set the position line in
that direction ( used
in intercept method)
C. Procedure.
1.
2.
3.
4.
d
(+)
Increment for the minute and second
subtract depending on
is increasing or decreasing)
GHA (observed)
Add
d correction
( add or
whether dec
v (+/-) v correction
Declination (observed)
(+/-) Long
LHA object.
5. Calculate
B=TAN dec/TAN P
OR
2. N Azimuth W
3. S Azimuth E
4. S Azimuth W
CALCULATING AMPLITUDE
A. This calculation is required to 1. Check Gyro error and 2. Obtain magnetic
compass deviation.
B. Basic quantities required
1.
2.
3.
4.
DR latitude.
Measured amplitude of the object observed at rising or setting.
GMT of observation.
Declination of the object at the time of observation.
C. Procedure
1. Convert LMT, Standard time or zone time in to GMT by applying LIT, Time
zone or Zone time. 2. For the GMT from the daily page for the required day and date
and calculate the value of
declination with name.
Tabulated dec for whole hour with name d
d correction from increment table
( add if dec increasing. Subtract if dec decreasing)
Declination for the GMT
D. Calculate amplitude using formula
Sin (Amplitude) = Sin (dec)/ Cos( lat)
E. Naming of amplitude.
1. The first letter
E if rising W if setting
900 Amplitude
900 + Amplitude
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CALCULATING AZIMUTH
was
b. Total correction
c. Apparent Altitude
calculated from
d. Dip (add)
are
e. Observed altitude.
reversed.]
f. IE (Add or Subtract)
9
12
1. Go down the same column where first and second corrections were read.
2. Read correction against month of observation.
3. Note down the value of a2.
E. Calculation of latitude.
1. Use formula Latitude = Apparent Altitude 1 0 +( a0 +a1 +a2)
F. Azimuth of pole star. [ if required for Gyro error magnetic deviation]
1. Go down the same column in to the azimuth table.
2. Read the values tabulated for the latitudes with in which DR latitude is contained.
3. Interpolate and obtain the value of Azimuth.
If azimuth > 0000, then Azimuth = True bearing.
If Azimuth < 3600, then 3600 azimuth = True bearing
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