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  • Diseño de Separador API PDF

    Transféré par

    Jose Jacobo Alvarez Saint-Hilaire
    320 vues12 pages
    Diseño de Separador API.pdf

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    Diseño de Separador API.pdf

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    Diseño de Separador API.pdf

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    320 vues12 pages

    Diseño de Separador API PDF

    Transféré par

    Jose Jacobo Alvarez Saint-Hilaire
    Diseño de Separador API.pdf

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 12
    CHAPTER 5—OILWATER SEPARATOR PROCESS DESIGN iRODUCTION ‘he pps af thi chape cst fo the pric pls prettng the proces eg of gravy dire Fpeselolvnr parr The primary twncton of an ober separ It te spate esol tom ery wate wate Such tat iot sepente obscene tor wis rsh malo ond therefore, should neve be speed for fh puroie Howe, ie any stg tty, the sparnor pres an enoment my whish ur peel sls wi be soiled concent wih he ear fSeotie of ae tent The sil ot parr © pero it primary ten depends ter of btm Th als thee att uate of ie ol a ewan whe har Scere cae seat, Se the Sega and a Site wie Becsoet of was on gravy feral pienonen, her spaces lian Yo separate Cleanses fn terms OF ese. spatr sed ete pine st oth nhs hap wl be ‘decoe over a gouie acer onge har ower ima of 6015 em (19 muro). “Te ult of separ ins sper istace may be ged bythe secopabiy of te el tw separson, Ths ats deride API Meta 934 Denia: sont Spay to Ol Separation The cant etn pps of te APL separator ae oss of teen eres ined i ipa e EnpoceingExpreent Son of te Usvesiy af Wisanin The poeta ey of ‘lt and eat arangemen hae fc, an oe is tapenade chur fa Scson ehamier Hydric danse wee sted by a dipenion ectnkee, an sears Petomane wat ase on teaver of a ins “Pes ameltig gabe Ata re of de sais and tery operating ‘terns wih easing ns, © poet ar de ore! fore deign of APL ofwume spun Sept dsgned i acodnae wi is poate ‘tbe rectangular multichannel units. selow the recueguar mulcuonl unit is he str isnot the only separator ch has SEFERENCES on 13. merit, Deviations from the design presented ia this chapter will not accessarly produce an unsatisfactory Unit. Separators of other design, such a ceular wait, are givag satisfactory performance BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SEPARATOR DESIGN Rate of Rise of OW Globules The basic principles governing separation of il fom water by gravity diferetal may be expressed mathe- rmatcally. The expressions inveved, tei relationship to separator dsiga, and ther derivation ae shown if ‘Appendix 1. The product of this mathemascal teat ‘meat is equation (1). This isan expression of Stoker law for terminal velociy of spheres ins quid meu that is applicable to the rat of ise of ol obues. ‘The apolcabilty of equation (1) 10 oi lobules in waste water bas been investigated. From tbe resus of experiments and from plant operating data, it has been determined that che design of wastewater separs- tors should be based onthe rte of rise of oll lbules having diameters of 0.015 em. Tit globule swe, a. ‘ough somewhat arbitrary, has been adopted for design purposes because both laboratory experiments anda study of existing plant data indicate that satisfactory ol emovals ate achieved whea the 0.015-cm-dameter Particle is wed ata bais of design or invesigaton. With a valve of 0.015 cx for the diameter of the eobule, D, the rate of rise of oll globules ia waste eater may be expressed i eet pr minute as: o Where: Y= mie of rise of oll globule (0015 am in di meter) in waste wate, in fet per minute Su = specie pravity of waste srater at design tom erate of flow. ‘S,= specie gravity of oil a waste water at desin ternperature of ow. = absolute viscosity of the watt water at design temperature in pois. Alf the physical properties shoud be determined by setal measurement, whea possible. la few of direct 53 TR ar cet Sot__DRW Manuat—Ligeio Wastes measurements, the values shown in Appendix IT of tbe cures shown in Fig. S-1 and $:2 may be used with onfdence Using the concept of the rising oil globule es © rested in equation (1), the design of an API cil water ‘separators based on tec relationships: 8. A minions horisontal area, Ay, expressed 38: a= () ° Where FF = design factor from wrbulence. F, and shor ‘ireuiting, Fy aston, Qu = wastewater How, in cubic feet per minute 1 A minina veri eesseconl eet com puted eqn a (8) @ Where: “ Vr brant fow voc, in ft rr mine, sortornscd 3 oS ip A ininun depths aio 02 a foos “ a CTT ! “oS 88 ABSOLUTE viscosiry (roses) FIG, 5: 2-—AbsoluteViscoiy f Clear Water Crh and ret Betweon a9 # ond 120 F lepth of waste water in sspacar io Set ith of separator chamber. ie These three minimum relationships are derived and efinedin the following sections MINIMUM MORBOWTAL AREA OF SEPARATOR In an dest separaior—ane in hich there is no shor-icuting, turbulence, op eddies the removal of a given suspension is. function ofthe “overdo vate” ic. thedow mate divided bythe surface atea, The over> ow ruethasdhe dimensions of velocity. Aga sable With a rate of rise egual to or greater than he ovcrtoe ‘ate wil be removed in an ieal separator, Ths mea {at any particle having arate of rise equal ber ree fas the water depth divided by reention tise vi each the surface eventhough it stars from te betoan of the chamber. When the rte ef rise fr equl to the overiow rate, his eavonthip s expressed ai? | 7 5 fit | | i a Prebeenaine moetteee ho OS eae Gran of Cac Water Prt and = depth of wate Wale ea ela in See) fer Temperouer Bxtneer 40 Fond 120 feet lenguh ofan ideal separator, in fe. th fa ideal separator ia feet. werdow rate in feet per mine Equation (5) establishes that the suriace area re- quired for a0 ideal separator is equal to the dost of Staste water divided by the rate of Hse of ol lobules, ress of any sven oF aisigned depth “Tena on experimental separator indicate that the factor. Fas shown in equation (2), shouldbe based on the sflecs of shor-circuting and turbulence. AS a rezult of the experimental sudis* a short-circuiting factor, Fy of 12 is recommenced. Camp has shown tat the Carbulence factor, Fis a functon ofthe ao of mean honzontal eocity, 7, tthe rte of rise of the patil, ya A tabolation of fiebulence Factors is pre ened in Table 5-1 “The product of te shor-cieuiting factor, Fi. of 1.2 and the turban elds the design factor F, by whick the surface area ofthe ideal sepa- fate fs multiplied to obtain the surface area required of fn actoalsepartot. The curve in Fi. 5-3 cam be uted ‘obtain the factor F, cree iol be noted in the recommended design method nih follows, that te vale of the horizontal area, ‘Snot determined ize, but tat seceptable values of than depth ate etablithed fs in accordance with ‘he relationships showa in equations (3) and (4), Th length is then computed fom the formula Le #(Ez)a (6) = length of separator chamber, i feet Equation (6) is derived from egustion (2) at ‘olows: TABLE 5-1—Recommended Volues of Tubslence Fecors | FIG. $3—Recommended Yue ofF for Varios: Values MINIMUM CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF SEPARATOR ‘The purpose ofthis specication iso Limit te extent ta which turbulence will afeet the pertion af the Separator. The elects of turbulence, ae explained ia the preceding section, increase with the ratio ofthe hori ont velocity 19 the rate of Hse. Theoretially, one ‘can compensate for turbulence by decreasing the ver flow rate. Itc oaly practeal, however, © set aa upper limit both oa the velocity rato and onthe value of the ‘mean horzcntal velocity. A maximum velodty rao, Vou, 0€ 15 has been slecied. A matimum value of 3 pm for Vy i speciied. There is no theory to deine 8 maximum absolute valve of mesa horizontal velocity: this has been a mater of operating experience, The result, however, of expevnental stiles indlate that ‘mean orizoata velocity of 3 fpm i not excessive and 's recommended a a erueron for eparatr desig. suman oerm-TowoTH RATIO ‘As withthe maximum horzeatal velocity, the depth- towith ratio is not subject to a theoretical analysis, Hlowever, tess conducted on experimental

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