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Glossary
Downloader A downloader is any peer that does not
have the entire le and is downloading the le. This
term, used in Bram Cohens Python implementation, lacks the negative connotation attributed to
leech. Bram prefers downloader to leech because
BitTorrents tit-for-tat ensures downloaders also upload and thus do not unfairly qualify as leeches.
Example: a peer with 65.3% of the le downloaded increases the availability by 0.653. However, if two
peers both have the same portion of the le downloaded - say 50% - and there is only one seeder, the
availability is 1.5.
In typical client operation the last download pieces arrive more slowly than the others. This is because the
faster and more easily accessible pieces should have
already been obtained. In order to prevent the last
pieces becoming unobtainable, BitTorrent clients attempt to get the last missing pieces from all of its
peers. Upon receiving the last pieces a cancel request command is sent to other peers.
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against the hash. If it fails verication, the data is
discarded and requested again.
GLOSSARY
Interested Describes a downloader who wishes to obtain pieces of a le the client has. For example, the
uploading client would ag a downloading client as
'interested' if that client did not possess a piece that
it did, and wished to obtain it.
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when it starts uploading the already downloaded
content for other peers to download from. This includes any peer possessing 100% of the data or a
web seed. When a downloader starts uploading content, the peer becomes a seed.
and sizes and checksums of all pieces in the torrent. It also contains the address of a tracker that coordinates communication between the peers in the
swarm.
Seeding refers to leaving a peers connection available Tracker Main article: BitTorrent tracker
for downloaders to download from. Normally, a
peer should seed more data than download. How- A tracker is a server that keeps track of which seeds and
ever, whether to seed or not, or how much to seed,
peers are in the swarm. Clients report information to
depends on the availability of downloaders and the
the tracker periodically and in exchange, receive inchoice of the peer at the seeding end.
formation about other clients to which they can connect. The tracker is not directly involved in the data
Share ratio A users share ratio for any individual tortransfer and does not have a copy of the le.
rent is a number determined by dividing the amount
of data that user has uploaded by the amount of data
they have downloaded. Final share ratios over 1.0
carry a positive connotation in the BitTorrent community, because they indicate that the user has sent
more data to other users than they received. Likewise, share ratios under 1 have negative connotation.
Snatch A torrent is snatched when its data les have
been downloaded.
Snubbing An uploading client is displayed as snubbed
if the downloading client has not received any data
from it in over 60 seconds.
Super-seeding When a le is new, much time can be
wasted because the seeding client might send the
same le piece to many dierent peers, while other
pieces have not yet been downloaded at all. Some
clients, like ABC, Vuze, BitTornado, TorrentStorm,
and Torrent have a "super-seed" mode, where they
try to only send out pieces that have never been sent
out before, theoretically making the initial propagation of the le much faster. However the superseeding becomes less eective and may even reduce
performance compared to the normal rarest rst
model in cases where some peers have poor or limited connectivity. This mode is generally used only
for a new torrent, or one which must be re-seeded
because no other seeds are available.
Swarm Main article: Segmented downloading
Together, all peers (including seeds) sharing a torrent are
called a swarm. For example, six ordinary peers
and two seeds make a swarm of eight. This is a
holdover from the predecessor to BitTorrent, a program called Swarmcast, originally from OpenCola.
Torrent A torrent can mean either a .torrent metadata
le or all les described by it, depending on context. The torrent le contains metadata about all the
les it makes downloadable, including their names
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Glossary of BitTorrent terms Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20BitTorrent%20terms?oldid=640822098 Contributors: Damian Yerrick, Arpingstone, Emperor, Robbot, Beland, SimonEast, Blonkm, Keron Cyst, Grutness, Alansohn, Ringbang, Eyreland,
Toussaint, Yurik, Charmii, DrHow, Rjwilmsi, Vegaswikian, Jling, Emmapimusim, Rurik, SmackBot, Roma emu, Urukagina, Marcus
Brute, Ace Frahm, GhostInTheMachine, Rory O'Kane, Rdunn, Hemlock Martinis, Cydebot, Sadharan, Alaibot, Esemono, E. Ripley, Seth
Nimbosa, Kremmen, Kevinmon, Avicennasis, Gyurika, Anonywiki, Daniel77o, Moonsell, X-Fi6, Smaug123, Smilesfozwood, Mr. Stradivarius, ClueBot, Eriksiers, Kl4m, Kl4m-AWB, Mild Bill Hiccup, Infernodeath, OmegaWiki, FiendishDemon, Rhododendrites, Technobadger, Lunboks, XLinkBot, JohnLM, Addbot, Ocrasaroon, ACookr, Socother, LaaknorBot, Casperinfo, Ben Ben, Kuzetsa, AnomieBOT,
Ibraheem alex, Samwb123, Dan6hell66, Ashokponkumar, Reconsider the static, MxDenis, Suusion of Yellow, Cognoscente72, Enauspeaker, HiMyNameIsFrancesca, Bernard Teo, Sunnyisnothere, Muntoo, F, Philsfan1234, Hyblackeagle22, Sabrinamagers, ClueBot NG,
Titodutta, Wbm1058, Aoirovolts, Jehanavan, Achowat, Onrandom, Tkbx, ChrisGualtieri, Jethro B, Gus Hecht, Raptures Sander Cohen,
MRAY (WMF), Ginsuloft, Clinton30, Pcfan500 and Anonymous: 110
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