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weather station. The term is derived from the Greek word anemos, meaning wind. The first
known description of an anemometer was given by Leon Battista Alberti in around 1450[1].
Anemometers can be divided into two classes: those that measure the wind's velocity, and those
that measure the wind's pressure; but as there is a close connection between the pressure and the
velocity, an anemometer designed for one will give information about both.
1 Velocity anemometers
o 1.1 Cup anemometers
o 1.2 Windmill anemometers
o 1.3 Hot-wire anemometers
o 1.4 Laser Doppler anemometers
o 1.5 Sonic anemometers
o 1.6 Ping-pong ball anemometers
2 Pressure anemometers
o 2.1 Plate anemometers
o 2.2 Tube anemometers
Consider a wire that's immersed in a fluid flow. Assume that the wire, heated by an
electrical current input, is in thermal equilibrium with its environment. The electrical power
input is equal to the power lost to convective heat transfer,
where I is the input current, Rw is the resistance of the wire, Tw and Tf are the temperatures
of the wire and fluid respectively, Aw is the projected wire surface area, and h is the heat
transfer coefficient of the wire.
The wire resistance Rw is also a function of temperature according to,
where is the thermal coefficient of resistance and RRef is the resistance at the reference
temperature TRef.
The heat transfer coefficient h is a function of fluid velocity vf according to King's law,
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Furthermore, the temperature of the flow Tf can be measured. The fluid velocity is then
reduced to a function of input current only.
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If the flow temperature is measured independently, the fluid velocity can be reduced to a
function of wire temperature Tw alone. In turn, the wire temperature is related to the
measured wire resistance Rw. Therefore, the fluid velocity can be related to the wire
resistance.