Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
TRANSMISSION
H-HIGH
V-VOLTAGE
D-DIRECT
C-CURRENT
WHY HVDC ?
BULK POWER TRANSMISSION WITHLOWER LINE
LOSSES AS NO REACTIVE POWER TRANSFER TAKES PLACE
CONNECT TWO ASYNCHRONOUS SYSTEM.
BREAKEVEN
POINT
DC LINE COST
DC TERMINAL COST
AC LINE COST
AC TERMINAL COST
DISTANCE
3
CONFIGURATION
NON CONTROLLABLE
VALVE
CONTROLLABLE
VALVE
NON CONTROLLABLE
VALVE GROUP
CONTROLLABLE
VALVE GROUP
6-PULSE
CONVERTER
BRIDGE
12- PULSE
CONVERTER
BRIDGE / TWO
6PULSE
BRIDGES
CONNECTED IN
SERIES
TRANSMISSION
BETWEEN TWO
SUBSTATION.
MULTITERMINAL
SYSTEM
PARALLEL
MULTITERMINAL
SYSTEM
SERIES
MULTITERMINAL
SYSTEM
UNIT CONNECTION
BIPOLAR CONNECTION
7
MRTB
INVERTER
RECTIFIER
GRTS
POLE-2
RECTIFIER
INVERTER
POLE-1
MRTB
INVERTER
RECTIFIER
GRTS
POLE-2
RECTIFIER
c:\ V.B.Bhandarkar
INVERTER
PRINCIPLE OF WORKING
10
Io(inv erter)
Io(rectifier)
DC Current
Current Margin
c:\ V.B.Bhandarkar
11
Smoothing
reactor
To control
system
DC voltage
divider
DCCT
c:\ V.B.Bhandarkar
To
control
system
DC voltage
divider
12
CURRENT
(I)
TRANSMISSION LINE
RESISTANCE (R)
V1
V2
INVERTER
RECTIFIER
P=V2*I
I=(V1-V2)/R
CURRENT
(I)
10V
TRANSMISSION LINE
RESISTANCE
(R=1OHMS)
9V
RECTIFIER
INVERTER
P=9*1=9W
I=(10-9)/1
=1AMP
CURRENT
(I)
12
RECTIFIER
I=(12-9)/1
=3AMP
TRANSMISSION LINE
RESISTANCE
(R=1OHMS)
9V
INVERTER
P=9*3=27W
13
c:\ V.B.Bhandarkar
DC CT
DC LINE
ISOLATOR
DC BUS
ARRESTOR
DC FILTER
CONVERTER
TRANSFORMER
AC FILTER
DC VOLTAGE
DIVIDER
CONVERTER
BREAKER
NBS
AC SIDE
VALVE
HALL
c:\ V.B.Bhandarkar
DC SIDE
AC SIDE
VALVE HALL
DC SIDE
A) AC FILTERS
A)THYRISTOR VALVES
A)DC FILTERS
B) CONVERTER
BREAKERS
B)DC BREAKER
(METALLIC RETURN
TRANSFER BREAKER,
GROUND RETURN
TRANSFER
SWITCH,NEUTRAL BUS
SWITCH)
C) MEASURING
EQUIPMENTS
C)VALVE COOLING
SYSTEM
C) SMOOTHING
REACTOR
D) CONVERTER
TRANSFORMERS
AC SIDE EQUIPMENTS
AC Side mainly Constitutes of
1)Ac filters: They serve two purpose
A) They offer low impedance path to the harmonics which travel on AC side
generated during the conversion process.
B)Filters constitutes of R,L&C .These filter caters part of capacitive MVAR to the AC
Bus which helps in boosting the system voltage.
Harmonics Generated are:
i)Harmonics of the order of h=2 to 5 due to voltage imbalance caused by firing
angle and transformer commutation inductance.
ii)h=Kn1 order Harmonics are generated on AC side of Converter where K is a
value dependent on 6 or 12 pulse Bridge and n=1,2,
Switching of the Ac filters through Circuits Breakers are done by
Reactive Voltage Controller depending on the DC power flow through
the link.
(a)
(b)
Single Tuned Filter
HP-12
HP-3
(c)
Double Tuned Filter
HP-24/36
15
AC SIDE EQUIPMENTS
2) Converter breakers: Breakers generally SF6 are used for catering AC
supply to the Converter Transformer. In Bipolar Projects sometimes
it is required that only one Converter Breaker caters load to both
poles depending on the type of Bus bar arrangements .In such cases
Converter Breakers of high current carrying capacity are employed s.
Also Circuit Breakers are employed for Switching in and out of the
AC Filters.
3) Measuring Equipments: Equipments like CVTs are installed for
measurement of bus voltages which useful in for control of power
on HVDC link. CTs installed in AC yard as well as Filter area are
employed for protection of AC Bus and Filters respectively.
4) Converter Transformers: This is one of the key equipments in HVDC
link.AC supply is fed to the Converter through the transformer .As
the name suggests the transformer is connected to the converter.
The secondary or the valve winding of the Transformer is directly
connected to valve through either wall mounted bushing or the
bushings of the transformer are protruding inside the valve hall and
are connected to the valve. The secondary of the converter
transformer is carrying AC as well as DC valve current through it. The
transformers may be of following type in case of 12- pulse
converters:a) 3phase
i) 3phase 3 winding transformer 1 unit/pole.
ii) 3phase 2 winding transformer 2 units/pole.
b) 1 phase
i) 1phase 3 winding transformer 3units/pole.
ii)1phase 2winding transformer 6units/pole.
16
CONVERTER TRANSFORMER
2A
3A
PRIMARY
WINDING
SECONDARY
WINDING 2
SECONDARY
WINDING 1
2B
B1
3B
B2
c:\ V.B.Bhandarkar
17
CONVERTER TRANSFORMER
18
19
20
DC SIDE EQUIPMENTS
DC Side mainly constitutes:
1)DC filters:-The harmonics generated on DC side are of the order of h=kn where
k=6 or 12 depending on the type of converter 6 or 12 pulse. These harmonics
result in current harmonic in DC line. As no. of harmonics increases the
amplitude of the harmonics decreases.
2)DC Switches/Breakers :- DC side Switches are basically High speed isolator
which connect the neutral bus to earth electrode line or metallic return path or
station ground .They divert/isolate the dc current in event of any fault on DC
side. They do not perform the function of current breaking. There are 4 types of
DC Switches:
A) Neutral Bus Switch (NBS): This DC Switch performs the function of connecting
the the converter to the neutral bus. In event of any fault on the neutral bus the
NBS isolates the neutral bus and the converter after the operation of respective
protection.
B) Neutral Bus Grounding Switch (NBGS): This Switch provides path for local /
station grounding in event of breakdown on electrode line or any maintenance
on electrode line or on Metallic return transfer breaker during bipolar balanced
condition .
C)Metallic return transfer Breaker (MRTB):-This Switch is used to commutate
the current from ground return path to metallic return path. In this type of
transfer .The current that is commutated from Ground path to metallic path is
near about 70 t0 80 percent of pole current due to difference in the resistance
offered by these two paths. Hence Special Arrangement is adopted for current
quenching from Ground to metallic path which shown in figure on page 21.
D) Ground return transfer Switch (GRTS) :The GRTS is used to commutate
current from metallic return to ground return The maximum DC current that is to
be commutated in this case is only 20 to 30 percent.
21
DC SIDE EQUIPMENTS
BREAKER
CONT ACT S
SPARK GAP
CAPACIT OR
c:\ V.B.Bhandarkar
NON-LINEAR
RESIST OR
22
DC SIDE EQUIPMENTS
4) DC MEASURING DEVICES: Unlike AC side , measurement are also to be carried
out on DC side of voltage and current. Following are used to carry out the
measurement :
A)DC Voltage Divider:-This is used to carry out the measurement of DC voltage
on Line side and neutral side. As shown in figure voltage Across H-L is
transmitted upto control room via screened cable where another small Voltage
divider is installed .The final voltage received from line side Divider is for 500kv is
5v DC and for neutral side the ratio is for 50kv it is 2v DC. Accordingly from the
measured dc voltage the actual voltage on line is fed to control system .
HV
R1
F
R2
.
.
c:\ V.B.Bhandarkar
23
DC SIDE EQUIPMENTS
B) DC CT(Zero Flux CT): On Ac side the Current measured is carried out by AC
Current Transformer, but the measurement of DC current is not possible with
normal CT.Hence DC CT is used for the measurement of current on DC side . DC
CT is a DC Current Transducer or it is also called Zero Flux CT. This Transducer
just like normal CT only difference is that an electronic circuit is connected in the
secondary circuit which detects the static field / flux developed by the DC
current flowing in the primary. This circuit gives input to the Power Amplifier
which injects current in the secondary .This secondary current nullifies the field /
flux produced by the primary and the output is in the form of voltage drop
measured across a resistor in secondary ckt.
Measurement Ratio of DC CT is 1500A / 2V.
I1
I2
Pow er
Amplifier
Magnetic
feild
detection
circuit
Output
Amplifier
K
U2=k*I2
C:\ V.B.Bhandarkar
24
Quadruple
valve
Single valve
Double valve
25
ELECTRODE
LINE
ELECTRODE STATION
26
27
THANK YOU
28