Chapter 3

Number System
Rule 1
Dividend = (Divisor x Quotient) + Remainder
Illustrative Example
lu
A number when divided by 602 leaves remainder 36

and the value of quotient is 5. Find the number.
and 5 times the remainder. I f the remainder is 48, the

dividend is
a) 808
b)5008
c)5808
d)8508
10. In a division sum, the divisor is 10 times the quotient
and 5 times the remainder. I f the remainder is 46, the
dividend is
Soto: By the above formula, we get

Number = (602 x 5) + 36 = 3046
Exercise
L
In a divison sum the quotient is 120, the divisor 456, and

the remainder 333, find the dividend,
a) 55035
b) 55053
c) 50553
d) 55503
In a division the quotient is 105, the remainder is 195, the
divisor is equal to the sum of the quotient and remainder, what is the dividend?
a)31695
b)36195
c)31659
d)31965
4.
5.
6.
] 7.
S.
9.
5 times the remainder. What is the dividend, if the remainder be 469?

a) 5566
b)5336
c)5363
d)3556
The quotient arising from the division of a number by 62
is 463 and the remainder is 60, what is the number?
a) 28766
b) 28566
c) 27866
d) 28676
The divisor is 321, the quotient 11 and the remainder
260. Find the dividend.
a) 3719
b)3971
c)3791
d)3179
In a division sum the divisor is 5 times and the quotient
is 6 times the remainder which is 73. What is the dividend?
a) 169943
b) 159963
c) 159943
d) 159953
The quotient is 702, the remainder is 24, and the divisor
7 more than the sum of both. What is the dividend?
a)514590
b)541590
c)514950
d)514509
In a division sum the divisor is 7239, quotient 1308 and
remainder 209. By how much should the dividend be
increased so that when it is divided by the same divisor
a quotient 1311 and a remainder 730 is obtained?
a) 22238
b) 22283
c) 22338
d) 22233
In a division sum, the divisor is 10 times the quotient
a)4236
b)4306
c)4336
d)5336
Answers
l.b
2. a
3.b
8. a
9.c
10. d
4. a
5.c
6.c
7. a
Rule 2
Dividend - Remainder
Divisor =
Quotient
Ex.:
On dividing J9724b by a certain numoer, me quuucm

is 865 and the remainder is 211. Find the divisor.
Soln: Applying the above formula, we get
397246-211
Divisor =
TTT
4
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
4.
On dividing 7865321 by a certain number, the quotient is

33612 and the remainder is 113. Find the divisor.
a) 254
b)234
c)284
d)264
The dividend is 3792, the quotient 12 and the remainder
0. Find the divisor.
a)316
b)261
c)361
d) 136
What is the divisor when the dividend is 345, the remainder 5 and the quotient 20?
a) 27
b) 17
c)7
d)37
A boy had to divide 76428 by 123. He copied a figure
wrong in the divisor and obtained as his quotient 611
with remainder 53. What mistake did he make?
a) He made no mistake
b) He copied 133 instead of 123
c) He copied 125 instead of 123
d) He copied 213 instead of 123.
48
5.
6.
7.
PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATH

The quotient arising from the division of 24446 by a
certain number is 79 and the remainder is 35, what is the
divisor?
a) 309
b)319
c)310
d)379
A boy had to divide 49471 by 210. He made some mistake in copying the divisor and obtained as his quotient
246 with a remainder 25. What mistake did he make?
a) He made no mistake
b) He put down 120 for 210
c) He put down 102 for 210 d) He put dwn 201 for 210
In a division sum the dividend is 57324 and quotient 123.
If the remainder is greater than the quotient but less han
twice the quotient. Find the divisor.
a) 465
b)475
c)645
d)565
.-. the least number to be added = 58.

Find the least number o f 3 digits, which is exac
divisible by 14.
Soln: The least number of 3 digits = 100
On dividing 100 by 14, remainder = 2
To determine exactly divisible least number, the abo
method will be applied.
.-. The required number
= Dividend + (Divisor - Remainder)
= 100 + (14-2)=112.
Ex.2:
Exercise
1.
Answers
Lb
2.a
3.b
4.c
5.a
6.d
7.a
2.
Rule 3
A number (Dividend) can be made completely divisible with 3.
the help of either of the following methods:
Divisor) Dividend (Quotient
4.
Remainder
Method I: By subtracting remainder from dividend. For
finding the greatest n-digit number completely divisible by
a divisor, this rule is applicable.
Illustrative Examples
Ex. 1: Find the greatest number of 3 digits, which is exactly
divisible by 35.
Soln: The greatest number of 3 digit = 999
On dividing 999 by 35, remainder =19.
Now, applying the above method,
the required number = dividend - remainder = 999 19 = 980
Ex. 2: Find the least number that must be subtracted from
87375, to get a number exactly divisible by 698.
Soln: On dividing 67375 by 698, the remainder is 125.Bythe
above method,
The least number to be subtracted is the remainder
from dividend.
.-. the least number to be subtracted =125.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Method II: By adding (divisor - remainder) to dividend.

For finding the least n-digit number completely divisible
by a divisor, this rule is applicable.
11.
12.
Ex. 1: What least number must be added to 49123 to get a

number exactly divisible by 263.
Soln: On dividing 49123 by 263, the remainder is 205.
By the above method,
The least number to be added to the dividend
= divisor - remainder
=263-205 = 58.
13.
14.
What least number must be subtracted from 5731625,

get a number exactly divisible by 3546?
a) 1189
b)1829
c)1289
d) 1982
Find the least number of 5 digits which is exactly di '
ibleby456.
a) 10456
b) 10424
c) 10032
d) 10023
Find the number which is nearest to 68624 and exa
divisible by 587.
a) 68679
b) 69156
c) 68569
d) 68689
Find the number nearest to 144759 and exactly divisi
by 927.
a) 144906
b) 144612
c) 144169
d) 144621
Find the greatest number of 5-digits, which is exa'
divisible by 547.
a) 99456
b) 99554
c) 10545
d) 99545
What least number must be added to 954131, to get
number exactly divisible by 548?
a) 63
b)563
c)485
d)611
What least number be subtracted from 6501 to get
number exactly divisible by 135?
a)21
b)12
c)35
d)53
What least number be added to 5200 to get a numb
exactly divisible by 180.
a) 160
b)60
c)20
d) 180
Find the number which is nearest to 6555 and exac!
divisible by 21.
a) 6558
b)6576
c)6552
d)6534
Find the number which is nearest to 8845 and exaa
divisible by 80.
a) 8890
b)8810
c)8800
d)8880
What least number must be subtracted from 13601 to
a number exactly divisible by 87.
a) 39
b)29
c)27
d)33
What least number must be added to 1056 to get a nui
ber exactly divisible by 23.
a)21
b)23
c)2
d)4
The largest number of four digits exactly divisible by
is
a) 9856
b)9944
c)9988
d)9994
Find the greatest number o f five digits exactly divisil
by 279.
Number System
a) 99882
b) 99720
c) 99782
d) 99982
15. Find the nearest integer to 56100 which is exactly divisible by 456.
a) 56556
b) 56088
c) 56112
d) 56188
16. What is the nearest whole number to one million which
is divisible by 537 without remainder?
a) 999894
b) 999994
c) 999984
d) 999948
17. What least number must be added to 2716321 to make it
exactly divisible by 3456?
a)3361
b)95
c)105
d)3316
18. What least number must be subtracted from 2716321 to
make it exactly divisible by 3456?
a) 3361
b)95
c)85
d)3613
19. Find the least number of five digits which is exactly divisible by 654.
a) 10190
b) 10654
c) 10464
d) 10644
20. Which least number should be subtracted from 427396
so that the remainder would be divisible by 15?
[BSRB Delhi PO, 2000]
a)6
b)l
c)16
d)4
Exercise
Answers
Ex.
l.c
8.c
15.b
2.c
9.c
16.a
4.b
11.b
18.a
3.a
10. d
17. b
5.b
12. c
19. c
6.c
13. b
20. b
7. a
14. a
1.
457213 and 343373 are divided by a certain number o f

four digits and the remainder is the same in both the
cases. Find the divisor.
a) 1423
b) 1432
c)1422
d) 1433
31593and 23456 are divided by a certain number of three
digits and the remainder is the same in both the cases.
Find the remainder.
a) 75
b)66
c)68
d)88
2.
Answers
l.a
Rule 5
To find the product of the two numbers when the sum and
the difference of the two numbers are given.
Product of the numbers
(Sum + Difference)(Sum - Difference)
4
The sum of two numbers is 14 and their difference is
10. Find the product of the two numbers.
Soln: Detail Method: Let the two numbers be x and y, then
x + y = 14 a n d x - y = 10
Now, we have, (x + yf =(x- yf + 4xy
Rule 4
Theorem: When two numbers, after being divided by a third
number, leave the same remainder, the difference of those
two numbers must be perfectly divisible by the third number.
or, (14)
=(l0f+4xy
4
4
Quicker Method: Applying the above formula, we
have
Ex. 1: 24345 and 33334 are divided by a certain number of
three digits and the remainder is the same in both the
cases. Find the divisor and the remainder.
Soln: By the above theorem, the difference of 24345 and
33334 must be perfectly divisible by the divisor. We
have the difference = 33334 - 24345 = 8989 = 101 x 89
Thus, the three-digit number is 101.
The remainder can be obtained by dividing one of the
numbers by 101. I f we divide 24345 by 101, the remainder is 4.
Ex. 2: 451 and 607 are divided by a number and we get the
same remainder in both the cases. Find all the possible divisors (other than 1)..
Soln: By the above theorem:
607 - 451 = 156 is perfectly divisible by those numbers (divisors).
Now, 156 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 13
Thus, 1 -digit numbers = 2,3,2 x 2,2 x 3 = 2,3,4,6
1)9994
2digit numbers = 12,13,26,39,52,78
ictly divisibB
3-digit number = 156
2. a
(14 + 10X14-10) _
Product
24
Note: The numbers can also be found by the direct formula

Sum + Difference _ 14 +10
x -
~~2
~~2
Sum-Difference
14-10
= 12
Exercise
1.
The sum of two numbers is 20 and their difference is 10.

Find the product of the two numbers.
-fcJ8u
b)10u
cJ80
"aj?5
2. The sum of two numbers is 49 and their difference is 3.
Find the product of the two numbers,
a) 598
b)958
c)589
d)859
Find the product of the two numbers,
a) 537
b)375
c)357
d)753
1
50
5.
6.
PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS

a) 54
b)63
c)36
d)64
a) 162
b) 126
c)102
d)216
1
The difference of twe* numbers is 11 and th of their
sum is 9. The numbers are:
a)31,20
b)30,19
c)29,18
[RRB Exam 1991]

d)28,17
Answers
l.d
2.a
3.c
6.d; Hint: See Note.
4.b
5.a
Rule 6
Ex.
I f one-fifth of one-third o f one-half of number is 15,

find the number.
Soln: Detail Method: Let the number be x. Then we have,
9.
a) 90
b)150
c)100
d)120
Two-fifths of one-fourth of five eighths of a number is 6.
What is 50 per cent of that number?
[BSRB Calcutta PO1999]
a) 96
b)32
c)24
d)48
4
3
5
10. I f of of of a number is 45, what is the number?
7
IU
O
[BSRB Hyderabad PO 1999]
a) 450
b)540
c)560
d)650
11. Two-thirds of three-fifths of one-eighth of a certain number is 268.50. What is 30 per cent of that number?
[NABARD1999]
a) 1611.0
b) 716.0
c) 1342.5
d)596.60
1
2
4
12. I f of o f -j of a number is 12 then 3 0 per cent of the
number will be
a) 48
b)64
[SBI BankPO 2001]

d)42
c)54
Answers
l.c
8.c
. \ = 1 5 x 5 x 3 x 2 = 450
Direct Formula:
(*) The required number = ^
2.b
9.d
3.a
lO.b
4.c
11.a
ber is given by 5 S + N
1.
or
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
7.d
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is S. If the digits

are reversed, the number is decreased by N, then the num-
Exercise
3.
6.b
Rule 7
450
Note:(*) The resultant should be multiplied by the reverse of

each fraction.
2.
5.a
12. c
I f one-third of one-sixth of two-third of number is 64,

find the number.
a) 1278
b) 1782
c)1728
d)3456
If one-tenth of one-fourth of one-fifth of number is 10,
find the number.
a) 200
b)2000
c)500
d)1000
I f three-fourth of two-third of two-fifth of one-half of
number is 60, find the number.
a) 600
b)400
c)650
d)575
If two-fifth of one-th.. d of two-third of number is 16, find
the nmber.
a) 160
b)280
c)180
d) 190
If one-fifth of two-third of one-half of number is 30, find
the number.
a) 450
b)900
c)950
d)400
Three-fourth of one-fifth of a number is 60. The number
is:
[BankPO Exam, 1990]
a) 300
b)400
c)450
d)1200
Four-fifths of three-eighths of a number is 24. What is
250 per cent of that number?
[BSRB Mumbai, 1998]
a) 100
b) 160
c)120
d)200
Two-fifths of thirty per cent of one-fourth of a number is
15. What is 20 per cent of that number?
[BSRB Mumbai 1998]
Sum of digits +
Decrease
+ Sum
of digits
Decrease
Ex.
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 8. If the

digits are reversed, the number is decreased by 54.
Find the number.
Soln: Detail Method: Let the two-digit number be 1 Ox + y.
Then, we have;x + y = 8 ... (1) and
10y+x = 10x + y - 5 4
* ,...( )
or,x-y=y =6
5 4
From equations (1) and (2)

8+ 6
'
x = - = 7 and y = 1
.-. The required number = 7 x 1 0 + 1 = 7 1
Quicker Method:
The required number =
Decrease
Sum of digits + -
+ Sum
2
Decrease
of digits -
51
Number System
Soln: Detail Method: Let the number = x.
= 5(8 + 6 ) + ^ ( 8 - 6 ) = 7 0 + l = 71
Then, x + x = 182
2
Exercise
or, x + x - 1 8 2 = 0
1.
or, x + 14x-13x-182 = 0
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 12. I f the

digits are reversed, the number is decreased by 18. Find
the number.
a) 75
b)93
c)84
d)57
the number.
a)72
b)63
c)54
d)81
the number.
a) 91
b)82
c)73
d)64
the number.
a) 85
b)76
c)49
d)94
the number.
a) 52
b)43
c)61
d)25
A certain number consists of two digits whose sum is 9.
I f the order of digits is reversed, the new number is 9 less
than the original number. The original number is
a) 45
b)36c)54
d)63
In a two-digit number the digit in the unit's place is more
than the digit in the ten's place by 2. I f the difference
between the number and the number obtained by interchanging the digits is 18. What is the original number.
[SBI Associates PO 1999]
a) 46
b)68
c)24
d) Data inadequate
Answers
l.a
2.d
3. a
4.d
5.c
6.c
7. d; Hint: Let the no. be lOx + y
theny = x + 2 o r , y - x = 2 .... (i)
(10y+x)-(10x+y)=18
o r , 9 y - 9 x = 18
or,y-x = 2
(ii)
From eqn (i) and (ii) we can't get any conclusion.
Rule 8
or, x(x + 14)-13(x + 14) = 0

or, (x-13)(x + 14)=0
or, x = 13 (negative value is neglected).
Quicker Method: Applying the above rule, we have
the required answer
_ / l + 182x4-l _ 7729-1
27-1
,-
Exercise
1.
I f the sum of a number and its square is 240, what is the

number?
a) 15
b)18
c)25
d)22
2. If the sum of a number and its square is 306, what is the
number?
a) 16
b) 18
c)17
d) 19
3. I f the sum of a number and its square is 702, what is the
number?
a) 26
b)27
c)28
d)29
number?
a) 38
b)37
c)36
d)39
number?
a) 16
b)14
c)12
d) 13
number?
a) 12
b) 13
c)14
d) 16
number?
a)7
b)8
c)9
d)8
number?
a) 17
b) 18
c)19
d)21
number?
a) 14
b)28
c)18
d)23
number?
a)21
If the sum of a number and its square is x, then the number
b)22
c)23
d)24
Answers
Vl + 4 x - l
is given by
Ex.:
I f the sum of a number and its square is 182, what is

the number?
l.a
8.c
2.c
9.c
3. a
10.C
4. d
5.c
6. c
7. c
Rule 9
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is S. If the digits
are reversed, the number is increased by N, then the num-
52
"
ber is given by 5 SSum of digits -
N~ 1
+ S +
2
9
9
Increase
or
Ex.
Sum of digits +
Increase
I f 40% of a number is 360, what will be 15% of 15% of

that number?
Soln: Detail Method: Let the number be x. Then we have
40%ofx = 360
:.x =
Ex.:

digits are reversed, the number is increased by 54.
Find the number.
Soln: Detail Method:
Let the two digit number be 1 Ox + y
Then, we have, x + y = 8 ... (i) and
10y + x = 10x+y + 54
o r , y - x = 6.... (ii)
From eqn (i) and (ii)
x = 1 and y = 7.
.-. the required number = 1 x 10 + 7 = 1 7
Quicker Method: Applying the above formula, we
have
Required number = 5
54
9
10 + 7=17
8+
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
b)78
c)87
d)96
Answers
l.a
2.b
3.d
4.c
5.b
Rule 10
Ifx%
of a number is n, then y% of z% of that number is

xxlOO
x900 = 135

15x15x360
the required answer = 77r~: = 20.25.
40x100
Exercise
1.
If90%ofa number is 540, what will be 10%of5%ofthat

number.
a) 30
b)3.5
c)3
d)35
I f 35% of a number is 3 85, what will be 5% of 5% of that
number.
a) 11
b)5.5
c)2.5
d)2.75
If 17% of a number is 68, what will be 15% of 25% of that
number.
a)20
b) 15
c)35
d)25
I f 18% of a number is 144, what will be 12% of 25% o f
that number.
a) 8
b) 12
c)16
d)24
I f 39% of a number is 780, what will be 35% of 13% of
that number.
1
4.
5.
a) 91
b)52
e)65
d)78
Answers
l.c
2.d
3.b
4.d
5.a
Rule 11
If the ratio of the sum and the difference of two numbers is
'a + b\
a: b, then the ratio of these two numbers is given by
a-b
Ex.
The ratio of the sum and the difference of two numbers is 7 : 1. Find the ratio of those two numbers.
Soln: Detail Method: Let the two numbers be x andy. Then
we have
x+y _ 7
x-y
=>x+y = 7x-7y
yzn
given by
15
Again, 15% of 135 = xl35 = 20.25

100
3.
a) 69
= 900
100
2.

digits are reversed, the number is increased by 27. Find
the number.
a) 25
b)34
c) 16
d) None of these
the number.
a)24
b) 15
c)51
d)42
the number.
a)27
b)36
c)45
d) 18
the number.
a)23
b)32
c)14
d)41
A number consists of two digits whose sum is 15. I f 9 is
added to the number, then the digits change their places.
The number is
.
40
Now, 15%ofx =
54
Exercise
360x100
or,6x = 8y .-.
x _ 8_ 4
= 4:3
- g
53
Number System
the required ratio =
7+ 1_ 8
7-1 ~ 6
2.
: i = 4:
3
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ratio of the sum and the difference of the two numbers

is 5 : 3. Find the ratio of those two numbers.
a)4:l
b)3:2
c)3:l
d)2: 1
Ratio of the sum and the difference of the two
is 9 : 1. Find the ratio of those two numbers. numbers
a)5:3
b)5:4
c)4:l
d)5:
Ratio of the sum and the difference of the two 2
is 7 : 3. Find the ratio of those two numbers. numbers
a)5:2
b)5:3
c)3:2
d)7: 4
Ratio of the sum and the difference of the two
is 2 : 1. Find the ratio of those two numbers, numbers
a) 1:2
b)3:2
c)4:3
d)3:
Ratio of the sum and the difference of the two 1
is 13 : 3. Find the ratio of those two numbers.
a)5:8
b)8:3
c)8:5
d ) 8 : numbers
Answers
l.a
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.b
3.a
4.d
5.c
7.
Rule 12
To find the difference of the two digits of a two-digit number, when the difference between two-digit number and the
number obtained by interchanging the digits is given.
Difference of two digits
Diff.in original and interchanged number
9
Note: We cannot get the sum of two digits.
Ex,
The difference between a two-digit number and the

number obtained by interchanging the digits is 27.
What are the sum and the difference of the two digits
of the number?
Soln: Detail Method: Let the number be lOx+y. Then we
have
(lOx + y ) - ( l 0 y + x ) = 2 7
or, 9 ( x - y ) = 27
:x-y
27
,
= =3
Thus, the difference is 3, but we cannot get the sum

of two digits.
- 3
Exercise
1.
1
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is of the
sum of the number and the number obtained by interchanging the position of the digits. What is the difference between the digits of that number?
[Bank of Baroda PO, 19991
a) 3
b) 2
c) 6
d) Data inadequate
9. The difference between a two-digit number and the number obtained by interchanging the position of the digits
of that number is 54. What is the sum of the digits of that
number?
[BSRB Calcutta PO, 1999]
a) 6
b)9
c)15 .
d) Data inadequate
1
10. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is of the
difference between the number and the number obtained
by interchanging the positions of the digits. What definitely is the difference between the digits of that number?
[BSRB ChennaiPO, 2000]
a) 5
b) 9
c) 7
d) Data inadequate
Answers
27
Required answer - ~
8.
the sum of the two digits of the number?

a) 2
b)l
c)9 d) Can't be determined
The difference between two-digit number and the number obtained by interchanging the digits is 36. What is
the difference of the two digits of the number?
a) 4
b)3
c)2
d)8
a) 7
b)9
c)8
d)6
a) 2
b)5
c)3
d) 1
a) 7
b)9
c)8
d) Can't be determined
a) 6
b)5
c)8
The difference between the digits of a two-digit number
is one-ninth of the difference between the original number and the number obtained by interchanging the positions of the digits. What definitely is the sum of the
digits of that number?
[BSRB Mumbai PO, 1998)
a) 5
b) 14
c) 12
d) Data inadequate
The difference between a two-digit number and the number obtained by interchanging the digits is 18. What is
l.d
2. a
7. d; Hint:
3.a
4.d
5.c
6.b
x - y = ^{(l0x+y)-(l0y + 4 = ^(9x-9y) = x - y
54

Exercise
8. d: Hint: Let, the two no. be xy, ie lOx + y then,
1.
x + y = ^-[(lOx+y)+(lOy + x)]=x + y
Thus we see that the difference of x and y can't be determined.
Hence, the answer is data inadequate.
9. d; Hint: See note.
Let the two-digit no. be 1 Ox + y
According to question,
(10x + y)-(10y + x) = 54
9 x - 9 y = 5 4 .-. x - y = 6
10. a; Hint: Let the two-digit number be 1 Ox + y
3.
2
1
b) 8 7 )88
d) 8 5 3
3
The average of 7 consecutive integers is 6. Find the
average of the squares of these integers.
a)87
4.
Then,x + y = j ( l 0 x + y - 1 0 y - x )
or,x + y =
2.

a) 22.5
b)45
c)18
average o f the squares of these integers.
a) 243.66 approx
b)300
c) 225.4 approx
d) 394.26 approx
The average o f 9 consecutive integers is 9. Find the
c
a) 4 6 3
~{x-y)
5.
or, 4 x - 1 4 y = 0=> = V
Using componendo & dividendo, we have,
x +y _ 7 + 2 _ 9
7 ^ ~ 7 ^ 2 ~ 5 i e x - y = 5K
Here, K has the only possible value, K = 1.
Because the difference of two single-digit numbers will
always be of a single digit.
b) 4 6 3
c)40
d) 47


Soln: Use the formula: [for odd number of consecutive integers)
Average of squares
l
n i f a + ^ + l )
( + lX2 +l)
No. of integers
c) 9
d) None of these
Answers
l.c
2. a
3.b
4.c
5.c
Rule 14
x
leaves the remainders a
a , and a respectively.
lt
(x, - a,) = (x - a ) = (x - a ) . We have an established

2
method that is given below.

Required least number = (LCM of x , , x
(x, - a,) or {x -a )
2
and x > 3
or (x - a )
3
Ex.:
Find the least number which, when divided by 13,15

and 19, leaves the remainder 2,4 and 8 respectively.
Soln: Applying the above rule,
13-2=15-4=19-18=11
Now, LCM of 13,15,19 = 3705
.-. the required least number = 3705 - 1 1 = 3694
Note: Find the least number which, when divided by 13,15
and 19, leaves the remainders 1,2,3 respectively. Can
we find the specific solution. No, because 13 - 1 ^
15-2 * 19-3
No. of integers - 1
No. o f integers + 1
In the above case

n, = 7 +
2
Ex,
and n = Average
b) 4
Tofind the least number which when divided by x , x and
Rule 13
Where, , = Average +
a) 5
= 10
"2 = = 3
7
Exercise
10x11x21
.-. Average of squares
3(4X7)'
1.
6~
= - ! [ 3 8 5 - 1 4 ] = ^ i = 53
2.
Find the.least number which when divided by 24,32 and

36 leaves the remainders 19,27, and 31 respectively.
a) 288
b)283
c)287
d)285
Find the least number which when divided by 12,21 and
55
Number System
3.
4.
5.
a)414
b)418
c)420
d)410
Find the least number which when divided by 48,60 and
a) 860
b)960
c)950
d)850
Find the least number which when divided by 5, 6, 8, 9
and 12 leaves the remainders 3, 4, 6, 7 and 10 respectively.
a) 360
b)358
c)362
d)258
Find the least number which when divided by 9, 10 and
a) 90
b)95
c)85
d)80
Answers
l.b
3.
4.
5.
Find also the common remainder.

a) 70,6
b)71,5
c)75,l
d)73,3
The greatest number which when divides 99, 123 and
183 leaves the same remainder is
a) 12
b)24
c)18
d)26
Find the greatest number which divides 77,112 and 287
and leaves the same remainder in each case.
a)35
b)25
c)45
d) 15
Find the greatest number which divides 95,195 and 175
and leaves the same remainder in each case.
a) 5
b)10
c)20
d)25
Answers
2. a
3.c
4.b
5.c
l.a
Rule 15
x so as to leave the same remainder in each
5.c
Rule 16
To find the greatest number that will divide given numbers

say X|, x ,...
4. a
3.a
2.c
The ratio between a two-digit number and the sum of th

digits of that number is a : b. If the digit in the unit's place
is n more than the digit in the ten's place, then the number
case, wefind the HCF of the positive difference of numbers

ie |x] -x \,
2
\x ~x \,...
2
9a
and so on.
is given by
lib-2a
n and the digits in unit's place and
Ex.
Find the greatest number that will divide 55, 127 and
175 so as to leave the same remainder in each case.
Soln: Detail Method: Let x be the remainder, then the numbers (55 -x), (127 -x) and (175 -x) must be exactly
divisible by the required number.
*
Now, we know that if two numbers are divisible by a
certain number, then their difference is also divisible
by that number. Hence, the numbers
(27-JC)-(55-4
(175 -x)-
(l27 -x)
and
ten's place are |
IQb-a
respectively
Ex.:
The ratio between a two-digit number and the sum of

the digits of that number is 4 : 1. I f the digit in the
unit's place is 3 more than the digit in the ten's place,
what is the number?
Soln: Detail Method: Suppose
the two-digit number = 1 Ox + y
(l75-x)-(55-x)
Then we have
lOx + y
x+ y
or, lOx + y = 4x + 4y
or, 6x = 3y or, 2x - y
or, x = y - x = 3 (given) and y = 6
.-. the number is 36.
Required number
9x4
1x3a =
i = 36
a*
x3
11x1-2x4
Exercise
Exercise
1.
1.
2.
a-b
llb-2a)
or, 72, 48 and 120 are also divisible by the required

number. HCF of72,48 and 120 is 24.
Therefore, the required number is 24.
Quicker Method: I f you don't want to go into the
details of the method, find the HCF of the positive
differences of numbers. It will serve your purpose
quickly. For example, in the above case, positive difference of numbers are (127 - 55 = 72), (175 - 1 2 7 =
48) and (175-55 = 120).
HCF of72,48 and 120 is 24
.-. required number = 24.
Find the greatest number which is such that when, 12288,

19139 and 28200 are divided by it, the remainders are all
the same.
a) 221
b)212
c)122
d)321
Find the greatest number which is such that when 76,
151 and 226 are divided by it, the remainders are all alike.
and n
llb-2a
2.
The ratio between a two-digit number and the sum of the

digits of that number is 5 : 1 . If the digit in the unit's place
is 1 more than the digit in the ten's place, what is the
value of unit's place digit of that number?
a)4
b)5
c)3
d)7
digits of that number is 2 : 1 . I f the digit in the unit's place
56
3.
4.
5.

is 7 more than the digit in the ten's place. What is the
value of ten's place digit of that number?
a)l
b)2
c)3
d)64
digits of that number is 3 : 1 . I f the digit in the unit's place
value of ten's place digit of that number?
a)4
b)3
c)2
d) 1
digits of that number is 14 : 5. I f the digit in the unit's
place is 6 more than the digit in the ten's place. What is
the sum of the digits of that number?
a) 10
b) 12
c)13
d)9
digits of that number is 4 : 1 . If the digit in the unit's place
sum of the digits of that number?
a)9
b) 10
c)15
d)12
Exercise
1.
Find the remainder when ( 9 + 6 ) is divided by 8.

, 9
a)2
2.
b)3
,3
b)3
b)4
c)3
Find the remainder when ( l 2

b)7
Find the remainder when (25

a) 23
2.a
3.c
4.a
is divided
byx-1.
(i) Remainder = 1 + K; when K<x-1

(ii) Remainder = (I + Remainder obtained when K is divided by x-I);
when K>x-1.
Find the remainder when 7
+1 is divided by 6.
13
x + y
c)l
l.d
3.b
4.c
5.b
2.b
To find the all possible numbers, when the product of two

numbers and their HCF are given, we follow the following
method.
Product
Step I: Find the value of T^^y
Step II: Find the possible pairs of value got in step I.
Step III: Mr.aiply the HCF with the pair of prime factors
obtained in step II.
Ex.:
"C x'" y+
]
"C x'- y +
"C^y
^y"j contains x. It means each term except y" is
y" may be perfectly divisible by x but we cannot say

without knowing the values of x and y.
Following the same logic,
7
13
= (6 + l )
1 3
has each term except 1
ible by 6. Thus, when 7

remainder j '
Soln: Step I:
-78
perfectly divisible by x.
Note:
The product of two numbers is 7168 and their HCF is

16. Find the numbers.
+...+ "C^xy""' + /
We find that each of the terms except the last term
x"+
+ 241) is divided by 24.
Answers
Soln: Detail Method: See the following binomial expansion

(
625
d)8
Rule 18
Rule 17
Ex.:
+ 8 ) is divided by 11.
b)2
5.d
To find the remainder when (x"+k)
1 5 0
d)2
c)9
Answers
Lb
d)5
23
a) 19
5.
c)9
Find the remainder when ( 5 + 3) is divided by 4

a) 7
4.
d)7
Find the remainder when ( 7 + 8 ) is divided by 6.

a) 2
3.
c)5
13
13
StepII:(l,28),(2,14),(4,7)
Stepffl:(l x 16,28 x 16)and(4x 16,7x 16)or(16,448)
and (64,112)
Note: (2, 14), which are not prime to each other should be
rejected.
Exercise
1.
exactly divis-
is divided by 6 we have the
2.
_ j and hence, when (7 +1) is divided

13
by 6 the remainder is 1 + 1 = 2.
K = 1 and
x-l=6
i e K < x - 1.
Therefore, we apply rule (i)
.-. required answer = 1 + 1= 2.
3.
4.
The product of two numbers is286andtheirHCFisl2.

Find the sum of the numbers.
a) 12
b)24
c)36
d)48
The product of two numbers is 3125 and their HCF is 25.
Find the sum of the numbers.
a) 75
b)100
c)125
d)50
Find the number of all possible pairs of numbers.
a)l
b)2
c)3
Find the difference of the numbers.
a) 13
b)26
c)39
d)52
Number System
5"
Answers
l.c
2.b
3.b
5.
4. a
Rule 19
A number on being divided by d and d successively leaves
x
the remainders r and r

x
divided by d xd ,
x
then the remainder
6.
respectively. If the number is

is given by
(rf,xr + r , ) .
2
a)12
b) 10
c)14
d) 16
A number on being divided by 10 and 11 successively
leaves the remainders 5 and 7 respectively. Find the remainder when the same number is divided by 110.
a) 70
b)98
c)74
d)75
leaves the remainders 2 and 5 respectively. Find the sum
of digits of the remainder when the same number is divided by 21.
a)7
b) 17
Answers
Ex.
l.b

leaves the remainders 2 and 4 respectively. Find the
remainder when the same number is divided by 5 x 7
= 35.
5
7
A
B
In the above arrangement, A is the number which,

when divided by 5, gives B as a quotient and leaves 2
as a remainder. Again, when B is divided by 7, it gives
C as a quotient and 4 as a remainder. For simplicity,
we may take
C = 1.
.
xi+4=11
andA = 5x 11+2 = 57
Now, when 57 is divided by 35, we get 22 as the remainder.
Quicker M e t h o d : The required remainder =
2.a
3.a
.-. the required remainder = 5 x 4 + 2 = 22.
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
4.

a) 46
b)76
c)84
d) 18
a) 33
b)23
c)32
a)61
b)8
c)71
d)9
6.c
{if (5)" has n zeros ifm >n orm zeros ifm < n.
Note: Always lesser value of the exponents of 5 and 2 will be
the required answer. Thus, write the product in the form
(2 x5"x.)
m
Ex.:
Find the number of zeros at the end of the products.

12x 18 x 15x40 x 25 x 16x55 x 105
Soln: 12x 18x 15x40x25x 16x55 x 105
= 12 x 18 x 16 x 40 x 15 x 25 x 55 x 105
= (2
r = the second remainder = 4
5.d
To find the number of zeros at the end of the product.

We know that zeros are produced only due to thefollowing
reasons.
(i) If there is any zero at the end of any multiplicand.
(ii) If 5 or multiple of 5 are multiplied by any even number.
To generalise the above two statements, we may say that
Where, d = the first divisor = 5

r, = the first remainder = 2
4.c
d)6
Rule 20
B = 7
d xr +
c)8
x 3)x (2 x 9)x (2f x (2 x 5)x (5 x 3)x (s) x (5 x 1 l)x (5 x 21)

3
= 2 x5 x....
[Since numbers other than 2 and 5 are useless]
Since 10 > 6, there are 6 zeros at the end of the product.
Note: This is the easiest way to count the number of zeros
in the chain of products. By this method, we can easily find that the product of 1 x 2 x 3 x ... x 100 contains
24 zeros.
,0
Exercise
1.
2.
Find the number of zeros at the end of the product

15x 16x 18x25 x35x24x20
a) 10
b)8
c)5
5 x20x2 xl0xl6xl25
a) 15
b)22
c)7
d)8
50 x 625 x 15 x 10x30
a)10
b)9
c)12
d)3
2
3.
4.
58
5.

150x250x625 x 125 x75 x20x 16
a) 9
b) 14
c)23
d)5
70 x 80 x 16x64 x5 x 13 x 18x3125
a) 16
b)12
c)10
d)25
6
Answers
l.a
2.c
3.c
4. b; Hint: 13231 = 131 x 101,131 and 101 are primes
5. c
6. a
Rule 22
Answers
l.c
2.c
3.d
4.a
To find the number of numbers divisible by a certain integer.
5.b
Rule 21
To find the number of different divisors.
Find the prime factors of the number and increase the index of each factor by 1. The continuedproduct of increased
indices will give the result including unity and the number
itself.
Note: Also see Rule - 36.
Ex. 1: Find the number of different divisors of 50, besides
unity and the number itself.
Soln: I f you solve this problem without knowing the rule,
you will take the numbers in succession and check
the divisibility. In doing so, you may miss some numbers. It will also take more time.
Different divisors of 50 are: 1,2,5,10,25,50
I f we exclude 1 and 50, the number of divisors will be
4.
By rule: 50 = 2 x 5 x 5 = 2 ' x 5
.-. the number of total divisors = (1 + 1) x (2 + 1)
=2x3=6
or, the number of divisors excluding 1 and 50 = 6 - 2
=4
Ex. 2: Find the different divisors of37800, excluding unity.
Soln: 37800 = 2 x 2 x 2 x3 x3 x3 x5 x5 x7
2
=
2
3 x 5 x 7
Total no. of divisors = (3 +1) (3 +1) (2 +1) (1 +1) = 96
.-. the number of divisors excluding unity = 96-1 = 95.
3
Ex. 1: How many numbers up to 100 are divisible by 6?
Soln: Divide 100 by 6. The quotient obtained is the required
number of numbers.
100=J6 x6+4
Thus, there are 16 numbers.
Ex. 2: How many numbers up to 200 are divisible by 4 and 3
together?
Soln: LCM of 4 and 3 = 12
Now, divide 200 by 12 and the quotient obtained is
the required number of numbers.
200=16x 12 + 8
Thus, there are 16 numbers.
Ex. 3: How many numbers between 100 and 300 are divisible by 7?
Soln: Up to 100, there are 14 numbers which are divisible by
7 (since 100=14 7 + 2). Up to 300, there are42 numbers which are divisible by 7 (since 300= 42 x 7 + 6)
Hence, inere are 42 - 14 = 28 numbers.
x
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
4.
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Find the number of different divisors of307692.

a) 96
b)12
c)6
d)48
Find the number of different divisors of 400, besides
unity and the number itself.
a) 15
b)14
c)13
d) 12
Find the number of divisors of999999, excluding unity,
a) 64
b)62
c)63
d)79
Find the number of different divisors of 13231.
a)64
b)4
c)25
d)5
Find the no. of different divisors of30030, besides unity
and the number itself.
a)64
b)63
c)62
d)60
Find the no. of different divisors of4452.
a) 24
b)32
c)16
d)22
5.
6.
7.
8.
How many numbers up to 150 are divisible by 9?

a) 16
b) 15
c)10
d)6
How many numbers up to 200 are divisible by 7?
a)26
b)22
c)18
d)28 .
How many numbers up to 5 3 2 are divisible by 15 ?
a) 25
b)26
c)36
d)35
How many numbers up to 300 are divisible by 5 and 7
together?
a)9
b)8
c)10
d)7
How many numbers up to 450 are divisible by 4,6 and 8
together?
a) 19
b) 18
c)17
d) 16
How many numbers between 50 and 150 are divisible by
8?
a) 24
b)12
c)18
d)8
How many numbers between 100 and 200 are divisible
by 2 and 8 together?
a) 12
b) 13
c)9
d) 16
How many numbers between 100 and 300 are divisible
by 9?
a) 11
b) 13
c)19
d)22
Answers
l.a
2.d
3.d
4.b
5.b
6.b
7.b
8.d
5;
Number System
4.
Rule 23
The number which when multiplied byxis increased byy is
ghen by
'increased
y
x-l
or
5.
Value^
Multiplier - 1
Find the value of 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 62.

a) 1953
b) 1395
c)1593
d) 1359
Find the value of
( l + 2 + 3 + 4 + . . . + 8 0 ) - ( l + 2 + 3 + ... + 60)
a) 1830
b) 1410
c) 1140
d) 1380
Answers
l.a
2.b
3.a
Find the number which when multiplied by 16 is increased by 225.

Soln: Detail M e t h o d : Let that number be x. Then
4.a
5.b
Ex
\6x-x
= 225
= 15
15
225 _ 225
= 15
the required number
16-1
15
Exercise
Find the number which when multiplied by 36 is increased
by 1050.
a) 30
b)28
c)32
d)35
by 128.
a) 12
b) 15
___c) 16,.,.-.
d)18
by 256.
a) 12
b)14
c)18
d) 16
Find the number which when multipliedby 15 is increased
by 378.
a)26
b)16
c)27
d)28
by 625.
a) 26
b)25
c)24
d)27
Answers
l.a
2.c
4.c
5.b
Theorem: Sum of all the firs,t n natural numbers =
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Find the sum of first 50 odd numbers.

a) 6250
b)2500
c)2520
d)2450
Find the value of
(1 +3 + 5 + ... + 80thoddnumber)-(l +3 + 5 + 7 + ...+
30th odd number)
a) 5500
b)6100
c)5400
d)7300
Find the value of
35 + 37+ ...+25th odd number.
a) 356
b)336
c)363
d)365
Find the value o f 1 +3 + 5 + ... + 199
a)40000 b) 10000 . c) 39601 d) Can't be determined
Find the value of 15 + 17 + . .. + 51
a) 627
b)676
c)725
d) None of these
1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 3983
6.
1992
a) 1988
is equal to
b) 1989
c) 1990
d)1992
Answers
2.a
t =a + ( n - l ) d
n
n{n +1)
Find the value of 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 105.
Soln: Reuired sum
105(105+ l ) _ ,
= 5565
2
Exercise
3.
Find the value of 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 20th odd number.
Soln: 20 = 400.
Exercise
3. b; Hint: We have the following formula,
3.
Ex.:
Lb
3.d
Rule 24
L\.:
Theorem: Sum of first n odd numbers = n .
225
:.x =
Rule 25
Find the sum of first 45 natural numbers.

a) 1035
b) 1235
c) 1135
d) 1305
Find the sum of natural numbers between 20 and 100.
a) 4480
b)4840
c)4800
d)4850
Find the value of 1 +2 + 3 + .... + 210.
a)22155
b)21255
c)22515
d)22255
= nth term of the series
a = first term of the series

n = number of numbers
d = common difference
For the case of odd number
a= l , d = 2
.-./ = l + ( / i - l ) 2 = 2 n - l
We apply this formula for solving this question. First we
calculate 1 + 3 + 5 +... + 33 and then 1 + 2 + 3 +... + 25th
odd number. For getting required answer, we subtract
first from second.
How do we calculate first i e ( l + 3 + 5 + ... + 33)?
We have,
60
33 = 2n - 1 [see formula)
.-. n = 17
.-. 1 + 3 + 5 +... + 33 = 1 + 3 + 5 +... + 17th oddnumber.
Exercise
1.
= (17) =289
2
4.b
5. a
6.d
Ex.:
Find the value of 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 +... + 100 (or 50th even

number)
Soln: 50 x (50 + 1) = 2550
Note: We have the following formula,
t =a + (n- \)d
d)5252
2.
Find the value o f 25 + 26 +.... + 50 .

a) 38025
b) 30825
c) 38250
d) 38205
3.
Find the value of \ + 2 +3 +... + 16

a) 1946
b)1649
c)1469
d)1496
4.
Find the value of 2 +3 +... + 2 4 .

a) 4899
b)4900
c)4901
Rule 26
Theorem: Sum of first n even numbers = n (n +1)
Find the value o f l + 2 +... + 2 5 .

a) 5255
b)5525
c)5552
5.
d)4898
Find the value of l + 2 +... + (30th natural number)

2
a)9454
b)9544
c)9455
d)9555
6.
where, t = nth term
( l + 2 + 3 +.... + 1 0 ) - ( l + 2 + 3+... + 10) is equal to

2
a) 330
a = first term
n = no. of numbers
d=common difference.
For the case of even numbers
7.
c)550
d)660
I f ( l + 2 + 3 +... + 10 )=385 , then the value o f

2
(2 +4 +6 +... + 20 )is
2
a) 770
f=2+(-l)2
b)1540
c) 1155
d) (385 x385)
Answers
= 2 + 2 n - 2 = 2
l.b
ro,n=
b)440
2.a
3.d
4. a
7. b; Hint: 2 + 4 + ... + 20
5.c
6.a
Exercise
= (l x 2) + (2 x 2) + (2 x 3) +... + (2 x 10)
1.
= 2 [ l + 2 +3 +.... + 10 j
2.
3.
4.
5.
Find the value of 2 + 4 + 6 + ....+ 100th even number,

a) 10000
b) 10100
c) 11000
d) 10101
Find the value of26 + 28 +... + 28th even number,
a) 656
b)665
c)566
d)565
Findthevalueof2 + 4 + 6 + .... + 1002.
a)251502
b)250512
c)215502
d)255102
Findthevalueof68 + 70 + ...+ 180
a) 7608
b)7680
c)6078
d)7068
Find the value of 2 + 4 + 6 ... + 56th even number.
a)3912
b)3192
c)3219
d)3129
Answers
l.b
3.a
4.d
_ n(/i + lX2w + l )
1.
= (2l) =441
2
Find the value of l + 2 +... + 12 .

a) 6804
b)6084
c)6048
d)6408
Find the value of 2 + 3 +... + 16 .

a) 18496
b) 18495
c) 18497
d) 14895
,2 2 . 2
, 2 10(10 + 1X2x10 + 1)
l + 2 + 3 + . . . + 10 =
*
'6
10x11x21
: 385
1
Soln:
Find the value of l + 2 + . . . + 6
Exercise
2.
2
n(n +1)
"6x(6 + l)~j
Theorem: Sum of squares of first n natural numbers
Theorem: Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers
Soln:
Find the value of l + 2 + 3 + ... + 10
Rule 28
5.b
Rule 27
Ex.:
= 4x385=1540
Ex.:
2. a
3.
Find the value of 8 + 9 +... + 15

3
a) 16316
4.
b) 13661
c) 16361
d) 13616
Find the value o f l + 2 +... + (l0th natural number)

3
a) 3025
b)3205
c)3052
d)3250
rHS
I Xiimber System
2.
Find the value of 2 + 3 + 4 + . . . + 9 .

d)2205
a) 2024
b)2025
c)2225
Find the value of 3 + 4 +... + 1 1 .
d)4374
a)4356
b)4348
c)4347
vers
l.b
3.d
4. a
3.
5. a
4.
6.c
5.
Rule 29
n
: first n counting numbers, there are odd and

i numbers provided n, the number of numbers, is even.
50
Die, from 1 to 50, there are = 25 odd numbers
= 25 even numbers.
:ise
the first 62 counting numbers, find the number of
r*en numbers.
I :}
b)31
c)32
d)34
From 1 to 78, how many are the odd numbers?
r ::
b)38
c)39
d)40
From 1 to 28, find the number of even numbers.
a)14
b) 13
c)12
d) 15
From 1 to 100 find the number of even and the number of
I numbers.
a>50.50
b)51,50
c)50,51
d)49,50
From 1 to 80 how many are the even numbers?
b)42
c)39
d)40
From 50 to 90, find the number of odd and even numbers.
J20.21
b)20,20
c)21,22
d) 19,20
2.c
3. a
4. a
5.d
6. a
Answers
l.a
odd, then there are ^ - ( n + l ) odd numbers and
2.b
3.b
4.a
5.a
Rule 31
The difference between the squares of two consecutive numbers is always an odd number and the difference between
the squares of two consecutive numbers is the sum of the
two consecutive numbers.
For example, 16 and 25 are squares of 4 and 5 respectively
(two consecutive numbers).
:. Difference = 25 - 16 = 9 (an odd number)
and 5 - 4
2
(Difference) =5 + 4 = 9
Reasoning: a -b
2
= (a- b\a + b) = a + b [v a - b = l ]
Exercise
a)24
1.
b) 12
c)18
d)8
Find the value of 6 - 5 .

a)ll
b)9
c)8
2
d) 10
Find the value of 35 - 3 4 .

c)70
a) 59
b)69
Find the value o f
2
4.
7 +6
10 - 9 + 8
a) 50
b)65
Find the value of
2
29 + 3 5 + 3 3 + 3 1
a) 250
b)252
2
Rule 30
t first n counting numbers, ifn, the number of num-
From 1 to 31, how many are the odd numbers?

a) 15
b) 16
c)14
d) 17
From 1 to 51, find the number of even and odd numbers.
a) 26,25
b)25,26
c)24,25
d)25,24
a) 20,21
b)21,20
c)21,22
d) 19,20
a)20,20
b)21,20
c)20,21
d) 19,20
d)71
5 + 4 - 3 + 2 - l
d)55
c)45
2
-34
- 3 2 - 3 0 - 2 8,2
c)352
d)342
5." Find the value of 65 - 6 4

a) 129
b) 128
c)120
2
d) 125
Answers
1
even numbers.
51 + 1
. from 1 to 51 there are - - 26 odd numbers
5.-".
= 25 even numbers.
r ; first 61 counting numbers, find the number of

en numbers.
b)31
c)32
d)29
l.a
2.b
3.d
4.b
5.a
Rule 32
To find the number in the unit place for odd numbers.
When there is an odd digit in the unit place (except 5),
multiply the number by itself untilyou get 1 in the unit
place.
(...!)" = (...1)
(...3y-=(...i)
<'... 7/-=(.../;
PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MAI
62
(~?y=(...i)
10. What is the number in the unit place in (4673)
where n =
J,2,3,....
a)l
b)6
a)l
12. What
1. Thus, the number in the unit place in (729)
a)l
13. What
59
59
is 1.
58
d)3
unit place
x(l547) ?
76
,0
b)2
the
is
c)3
number in
d)9
unit
the
pi
58
(24533) x(l2349) ?
76,
(623) , (623) and ( 2 3 )

Soln: When 623 is multiplied twice, the number in the unit
place is 9. When it is multiplied 4 times, the number in
the unit place is 1. Thus we say that i f 623 is multiplied 4n number of times, the number in the unit place
will be l.So,
36
38
39
(623)
36
= (623)
(623)
38
=(623) x(623)
4x9
4x9
= (623)
4x9
a) 7
14. What
(I57)
(75l)
b)l
c)9
the number in
the
d)3
unit place
b)9'
c)6
the number in the
d) 1
unit place
x(l59)
,57
is
x(263)
751
a)7
=(...l)x(...9)=9 in the
839
is
a)3
15. What
= 1 in the unit place
unit place.
39
(I243)
843
= (729) x (729) = (...l)x(729) = 9 in the
unit place
Ex. 2: Find the number in the unit place in
(623)
b)7
c)9
the number in the
is
d)9
11. What is the number in the unit place in (54 83)
Ex. 1: What is the number in the unit place in ( 7 2 ) ?

Soln: When 729 is multiplied twice, the number in the unit
place is 1. In other words, if729 is multiplied an even
number of times, the number in the unit place will be
.-. (729)
c)3
721
x (623) = ( . . . l ) x ( . . j ) = 7 in the
3
159
x(l37)
271
x(3 3 9 )
138
b)9
339
c)l
d)6
Answers
l.a
2.b
3. d; Hint: When 7 is multiplied 4 times, the number in l
unit place is 1. ie if 7 is multiplied 4n number of times, i
number in the unit place will be 1.
unit place.
.-. ( l 4 7 )
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
56
12. a; Hint: (l243)
9.
c)7
d)4
6.b
What is the number in the unit place in ( l 4 7 ) ?

48
b)6
c)9
x 87 x 87
7. a
(1547)
8.b
9.d
10. a
= ( l 2 4 3 ) ' =(...l) in the unit pla
76
4x
=(l547)
100
4x25
=(...l)
intheunitph
d) 1
13. a; Hint: (24533)
What is the number in the unit place in (87) ?
761
= (24533)
4x190
x(24533)
90
b)7
c)9
b)7
c)3
= (...l)x(...3)=(...3) in the unit]
d)3
What is the number in the unit place in ( l 2 7 )
127
b)7
c)9
c)3
(l2349)
839
641
15. a; Hint: ( 7 5 l )
d)3
928
(263)
271
(137)
a)l
d)9
138
=(137)
(3 3 9 )
a)l
unit place.
74
c)2
d)9
751
=(263)
unit place
b)6
x(l2349)=(...lX...9)=(.J
= ( . . . l ) in the unit place

x(263)
4x67
= (... 1) x (...7) f= (... 7) in the unit place
d)4
12
c)6
2x4,9
14. a

b)3
=(l2349)
in the unit place.
What is the number in the unit place in (6231)

b)8
d)9
What is the number in the unit place in (5427)
a) l
8.
b)9
4x22
= (...l)x(...9) = 9
a) l
a)l
7.
d) None of these
= 1 in the unit place.
4x12
= (87)
5. c
a)l
6.
c)6
79
a0
5.
b)9
90
a)7
4.
4. c; Hint: (87)

a)l
= (l47)
48
339
4x34
=(3 3 9 )
X(137) =(...l)x(...9) = (...9) j

2
I
2 x l 6 9
x(3 3 9)=(...l)x(...9) = (...9)
63
Number System
.-. required answer = ( , . . l X - 7 X - X - )
9
( 7) in the
3.
Find the number in the unit place in (l 602)
unit place.
a) 2
Rule 33
4.
fmd the number in the unit placefor even numbers,

there is an even digit in the unit place, multiply the
by itself until you get 6 in the unit place.
b)4
d)6
Find the number in the unit place in (l 392) .

91
a) 2
5.
c)8
602
b)4
c)6
d)8

64
a)6
b)8
c)2
d)4
(2) "=(...6)
4
6.
(...4f=(...6)
a)4
7.
(...6)=(...6)
(...8) "
4
Find the number in the unit place in (5 9 2 4 )

b)6
8.
3trative Examples
b)4
20
c)8
b)2
216
d)2
Find the number in the unit place in (958)

a)4
1: Find the number in the unit place in (l 2 2 ) , ( l 2 2 )
d)2

a)6
=(...6);wheren=l,2,3,...
c)8
429
c)8
116
d)6
22
9.
and (122) .
: (...2)x(...2) = ...4
(...2)x(...2)x(...2) = 8
(...2)x(...2)x(...2)x(...2) = ...6
We know that (...6) x (...6) = ...6
Thus, when (122) is multiplied 4n times, the last digit
is 6. Therefore,
Find the number in the unit place in (95 8 )
117
23
(122) = ( l 2 2 )
4x5
(122) = ( l 2 2 )
4 x 5
20
22
= (...6) = 6 in the unit place

x ( l 2 2 ) =(...6)x(...4) = 4 in the
23
b)4
c)6
d)8
10. Find the number in the unit place in (958) .

118
a)4
b)2
c)6
d)8
11. Find the number in the unit place in (958)

a)2
b)4
c)6
12. Find the number in the unit place in
(1532)
162
x(3454) ' x(l23 6 )

16
162
119
d)8
x(53 1 8 )
2 4 3
unit place
(I22)
a)2
=(l22) x(l22) =(...6)x(...8)=8

4x5
a)2
b)4
c)6
13. Find the number in the unit place in
in the
(4152) x(3268)
51
unit place.
a) 4
2: Find the number in the unit place in (98) , (98)

40
42
43
x ( 5 9 1 3 f x(6217) .
,Q3
b)2
c)6
d)8
Answers
l.a
8.d
and ( 9 8 ) .
67
d)8
2. a
9.d
3.b
10. a
4.d
11. a
(98) =(...6)
5. a
12. a
6. a
13. c
7. a
Rule 34
,. (98) "=(...6)
4
Thus, (98)
(98)
40
= (98)
= (...6)= 6 in the unit place
4x10
=(98)
4x,0
x(98) =(...6)x(...4)=4 in the unit
(98) = (98)
4x10
x (98) = (...6)x (...2) = 2 in the unit
42
If there is 1,5 or 6 in the unit place of the given number,

then after any times of its multiplication, it will have the
same digit in the unit place ie
(...!)" =(...1)
place
43
(... y=(...5)
5
(...6)" =(...6)
place
"cise

a)6
b)2
c)3
540
b)4
c)6
Ex.:
541
d)8
Find the number in the unit place in

(62l) ,(625) ,(636)
d)9
Find the number in the unit place in (l542)

2-2
240
,25
36
Soln: From the above rule,

(621)
240
= (...l)
240
64

(625)
125
(636)
36
= (...5)
Now, apply the above rule,

Number of divisors = (7 + 1) (1 + 1) (2 + 1) = 84
125
= (...6) = 6 in the unit place
Exercise
36
1.
Exercise
1.

a) 5
b)3
c)9
145
2.
d)l
3.
2.

a) 3
Find
b)9
number
the
(44l) x(495)
441
a)l
4.
126
c)6
in the
x(l536)
b)5
236
\l
unit
in
4.
c)6
b)5
place
d)0

a)l
1456
c)6
321
x (3 2 5 )
326
d)8
7.
Answers
l.a
2.c
3.d
4.b
8.
Rule 35
Ex.:
What is the number in the unit place when 781, 325,

497 and 243 are multiplied together?
Soln: Multiply all the numbers in the unit place, ie 1 x 5 x 7
x 3, the result is a number in which 5 is in the unit
place.
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
4.
Find the no. of divisors of225.

a) 4
b)9
c)8
d)6
a) 25
b)32
c)75
d)56
Find the no. of divisors of 17640, besides unity and it-]
self,
a) 12
b)60
c)72
d)70
Find the no. of divisors of25200, excluding unity.
a) 90
b)89
c)88
d)86
a) 12
b)6
c)2
d)8
a) 36
b)48
c)54
d) 18
Find the no. of divisors of 20570, besides unity and
self,
a) 24
b)22
c)21
d) 18
Find the no. of divisors of 10000, excluding itself.
a) 24
b)25
c)16
d)32
Answers
l.b
7.b
2.c
8.a
a b c then
p
b)6
c)0
2. a
3.d
x3'x7
'
-l
X...
Ex.:
Find the sum of the divisors of a number 8064.
Soln: Factorize 8064 into its prime factors.
8064= 2 x 3 ' x 7
Now, apply the above rule
7
7 l_j
+
_j
,2+1
3-1
7-1
9 - 1 343-1
1 - x 2 x
6
= 255x4x57 = 58140.
q
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
2-1
256-1
Soln: 8064= 2
-1
d)5
If N is a composite number and N= a b c

...
Where a, b, c,... are different prime numbers and p, q, r are
positive integers. Then the number of divisors are
(p + l)(q +
l)(r+l)...
Note: This includes unity and the number itself as divisors.
Find the no. of divisors of 8064.
+ 1
a-1
b-l
c-1
Note: This includes unity and the number itself as divisor
Rule 36
Ex.:
-X
4.d
6.b
the sum of the divisors ofanumbe
P^-l
Answers
l.a
a) 3
5. a
4.b
Rule 37
LetN-
Find the number in the unit place in 962 x 966 x 454 x 959.
a) 2
b)4
c)6
d)8
Find the number in the unit place in 954 x 9625 x 43216 x
15437x 12343.
a)0
b)l
c)5
d)6
Find the number in the unit place in 14532 x 14531 x 243
x 245 x 247 x 249.
a) 3
b)6
c)4
d)0
Find the number in the unit place in 1431 x 5343 x 9645 x
1489.
3.d
4.
Find the sum

a) 430
Find the sum
a)213870
Find the sum
a) 66960
Find the sum
a) 465
of the divisors of a number 225.

b)403
c)503
d)303
b)231807
c)213807
d)213708
b) 66690
c) 96660
d) 69660
b)546
c)564
d)654
>
Number System
5.
6.
s.
65
interchanged, a new number greater than the i
number by 27 is obtained. What is the difference between the last two digits of that number?
a)l
b)2
c)3
d)4
I f the places of last two-digits of a three-digit number are
interchanged, a new number greater than the original
number by 36 is obtained. What is the difference between the last two digits o f that number?
a)l
b)2
c)3
d)4
a)3
b)4
c)5
d)6
a)7
b)5
c)6
d)8
a)7
b)5
c)4
d)8
a)7
b)8
c)9
d) 1

a) 360
b)420
c)480
d)630
a) 128
b)127
c)63
d)130
a) 3906
b)3609
c)3096
d)3069
Find the number and the sum of the divisors of the number 2460 excluding one and itself,
a) 24,7056 b) 42,7056 c) 24,4594 d) 24,4595
Answers
2.c
3.b
4.b
5. a
6.b
7. a
5 d: Hint: Sum of the divisors excluding 1 and itself = 7056.
.-. sum of the divisors including 1 and itself
= 7056-(2460+l)=4595.
Rule 38
If the places of last two digits of a three-digit number are
murchanged, anew number greater than the original number by N is obtained, then the difference between the last
rwo digits of that number
(N)
is given by \~g~\
Difference in two values ^

9
)'
IJU
I f the places of last two digits of a three digit number

are interchanged, a new number greater than the original number by 54 is obtained. What is the difference
between the last two digits of that number?
[NABARD1999]
Detail Method:
Let the three-digit number be i oOx +10y + z
Answers
l.b
7.d
or, 9 z - 9 v = 54 o r z - y = 6
54
the required answer =
= 6
5.c
6. a
Rule 39
According to the question,

(l 00* +1 Oz + y) - (l 00* +10y + z) = 54
4.d
3.c
2.a
8.c
A number is divided by a certain number N and gives a

remainder 'R'. If the same number is divided by another
number N , then the new remainder is obtained by the
following method.
x
"Divide R by N and the remainder obtained in this divi2
sion will be the new remainder". (Note: Here N > N and

x
Exercise
L I f the places of last two-digits of a three-digit number are
number by 18 is obtained. What is the difference be-
3L
a)l
b)2
c)3
d)4
number by 9 is obtained. What is the difference between
the last two digits of that number?
a)l
b)3
c)4
d)6
Afj is divisible N .)
2
EXJ
A number when divided by 899 gives a remainder 63.

What remainder will be obtained by dividing the same
number by 29.
Number = Divisor x Quotient + Remainder = 899 *
Quotient+ 63
= 2 9 x 3 1 xQuotient + 2 x 2 9 + 5
Therefore, the remainder obtained by dividing die
number by 29 is clearly 5.
66
Quicker Method: Applying the above rule, we have,
63-29 i.e. 29) 63 (2
58
5
.-. required answer = 5
Exercise
A number when divided by 221 gives a remainder 43,
what remainder will be obtained by dividing the same
number by 17?
a)7
b)6
c)8d)9
2. A number when divided by 609 gives a remainder 65.
What remainder would be obtained by dividing the same
number by 29?
a)6
b)5
c)6
d)7
number by 18?
a)2
b)l
c)9
d)8
number by 21?
a)21
b)2
c)20
d) 18
number by 28?
a)6
b)2
c)5
d)4
number by 34?
a) 5
b) 17
c)13
d)4
number by 36?
a) 7
b)9
c)19
d) 14
number by 17?
a)7
b)2
c)0
d)6
number by 38?
a)4
b) 18
c)9
d)6
number by 39?
a) 4
b) 13
c)19
d) 15
11. A number when divided by 17, leaves a remainder 5.
number by 357?
a) 39
b)29
c)21
d)38
Answers
Id
2.d
3.a
4.c
5.d
6.a
7.a
8.c
9.a
lO.d
11. a; Hint: Here we apply "Remainder Rule".
This rule is applicable when the same number (dividend)
is divided by two different divisors which are multiples
of each other.
Suppose, the larger divisor is N , , and the smaller divi-
1.
sor is N .
2
Where, N = K N
x
and K = any integer > 1.
Now, when the number is divided by N , then remain2
der is R (say) and when the same number is divided by

2
N] (= KN ) , remainder is R, (say).
Then, by the remainder rule, we have the following formula,
2
2N +R =R,
2
In the given question,

357
N =17 and K N =357 .-. K = = 21
Here, K > 1 an integer. Now, we can apply the remainder
rule.
2
2N +R =R!
2
or,2x 17 + 5 = R,
.\R,=39
Hence, the required remainder = 39.
Note: A l l the other questions can also be solved by this rule.
Rule 40
If the sum of two numbers is x and their difference isy, then
the difference of their squares is xy.
Ex.:
The sum of two numbers is 75 and their difference is

20. Find the difference of their squares.
Soln: Detail Method: Let the numbers be x and v.
x + y = 75 ....(i)and
x - y = 20....(ii)
Now, multiplying eqn (i) and (ii), we get
x - y
2
= Difference of the squares of numbers
= 75x20=1500
required answer = 75 x 20 = 1500
Exercise
1.

The difference of their squares is
[Clerk's Grade Exam, 1991]
Number System
a) 37
b)100
c)63
d)3700
a) 400
b)500
c)350
d)300
a) 685
b)625
c)675
d)775
a) 6420
b)4620
c)8420
d)6240
a) 13025
b) 13125
c) 13215
d) 13152
Answers
l.a
4.d
3.c
2.d
5.b
Rule 42
Ex.:
Two consecutive numbers are 8 and 9. Find the difference of their squares.
Required answer = 9 - 8 = 81 - 64 = 17
the required answer = 8 + 9 = 1 7
2
1.
// the difference between the squares of two consecutive

x+\
and
BL
The difference between the squares of two consecutive numbers is 37. Find the numbers.
Soln: Detail Method: Let the numbers are x and x + 1
(x + l ) - *
2
2.
3.
4.
=37
5.
or, x +\ 2x-x
1
=37
or, 2^ = 3 7 - 1 = 3 6
.-. numbers are 18, and 19
37-1
:
a) 36
b)25
c)35
d)34
Two consecutive numbers are 75 and 76. Find.the difference of their squares.
a) 141
b) 151
c) 131
d) 115
a) 159
b)169
c) 149
d) 158
a) 31
b)32
c)30
d)21
a) 53
:.x = \% and x + l = 19
the required answer
5. a
Exercise
Rule 41
mmbers is x, then the numbers are
4. a
3.c
If the two consecutive numbers arex andy, then the difference of their squares is given byx+y.
Answers
Id
2.b
37 + 1
and = 18 and 19
Exercise
'. The difference between the squares of two consecutive
numbers is 39. Find the numbers.
d) 17,18
a) 19,20
b)20,21
c)18,19
2 The difference between the squares of two consecutive
d)16,7
a) 14,15
b) 13,14
c) 15,16
31 The difference between the squares of two consecutive
d) 18,19
a) 14,15
b) 15,16
c) 17,18
4 The difference between th*.squares of two consecutive
d)27,28
a) 29,30
b)30,31
c)28,29
5. The difference between the squares of two consecutive
d)37,38
a) 38,39
b)39,40
c)40,41
b)52
c)43
d)63
Answers
l.c
2.b
3.a
4.a
5.a
Rule 43
If the sum of two numbers is x and sum of their squres is y,
then the
(
(i) product of numbers is given by
-y
-py^:
and
(ii) the numbers are
and
x + ^2y~-
Ex.:
The sum of two numbers is 13 and the sum of their

squares is 85. Find the numbers.
Soln: Detail Method: Let the numbers be x and y.
x + y = i 3 . . . . ( i ) a n d x +y
2
=85 ....(ii)
Now, from eqn (i) and eqn (ii), we have

(x +
yf=169
68

or, x +y +2xy = 169

2
or, 2xy = 169-85 = 84

.-. xy = 42 [xy = product of two numbers]
Again,
x +y =90
(x-y)
From eqn (ii)
(x-y)
= (x +
y) -4xy
2
= 169-4x42=1
.". x-y = 1.... (iii)
From eqn (i) and eqn (iii) we have,
x = 7andy = 6
.-. Numbers are 7 and 6
required answers
13-V170-169
(i)and
(x-y)
= 4 6 ....(ii)
=46
or, x +y
2
-2xy = 46
or, 90 - 2xy = 46 [Putting the value of eqn (i)]

90-46
22
or,xy =
and
13 + V170-169
:
.-. product of two numbers = 22

90-46
the required answer = - :22
6 and 7
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The sum of two numbers is 15 and sum of their squares

is 113. The numbers are:
[CDS Exam, 1991]
a)4,11
b)5,10
c)6,9
d)7,8
a) 12,13
b)20,25
c)9,16
d)21,4
a) 12,14
b) 11,15
c)9,17
d) 8,18
a) 14,16
b) 12,18
c) 13,17
d) 11,15
a)6,8
b)5,9
c)4,10
d)3,11
a) 40
b)36
c)22
d)30
a) 510
b)225
c)255
d)355
Answers
l.d
2. a
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The sum of squares of two numbers is 80 and the square

of their difference is 36. The product of the two numbers
is
[Clerks' Grade Exam, 19911
a)22
b)44
c)58
d) 116
is
a) 10
b)20
c)15
d) 16
is
a) 18
b) 19
c)29
d)27
is
a) 36
b)40
c)30
d)35
is
a)31
b)35
c)32
d)30
Answers
3. a
4.c
5. a
6. a
7.c
l.a
2. a
3.c
4. c
5. a
Rule 44
Rule 45
If the sum ofsquares of two numbers is x and the square of

their difference isy, then the product of the two numbers is
If the product of two numbers is x and the sum of their

squares isy, then (i) the sum of the two numbers is given by
^]y + 2x and (ii) the difference is ~\y-2x .
x-y
Ex.:
The sum of squares of two numbers is 90 and the

square of their difference is 46. The product of the
two numbers is
Ex.:
The product of two numbers is 143. The sum of their

squares is 290. Find the sum of the two numbers and
also find the difference of the two numbers.
Number System
Rule 46

xy=143
The denominator of a rational number is 'D' more than its

numerator. If the numerator is increased by x and the denominator is decreased byy, we obtain P, then the rational
andx +/=290
2
Now,
(x + y) =x + v +2xy
=290 + 2 x 143=576
2
p(D-y)
number is given by
x + (yP-D).
o r , x + y = V576 =24
.-. Sum of the numbers = 24

Again,
(x-y)
=x
+y -2xy
The denominator of a rational number is 3 more than

its numerator. I f the numerator is increased by 7 and
the denominator is decreased by 2, we obtain 2. The
rational number is
.
Soln: Detail Method: Let the numerator be x and the denominator = x + 3.
A;ccoraTrrgto*'tnc"q (je!.VK?ii,
Ex.:
= 290-286 = 4
or, x - y = 2
.-. difference of the numbers = 2
^wilTO.Metburak..4x5f^vjo.ffJhfijiboye j u l e . we have
the sum of the numbers
x + 3-2
the difference of the numbers
or, x +1 = 2x + 2
.-. x = 5
.-. Numerator = 5 and the denominator = 5 + 3 = 8
= V290-2xl43 = V 4 = 2
Exercise
3.
4.
5.

squares is 289. The sum of the two numbers is
.
[Clerks' Grade Exam, 1991]
a) 20
b)23
c)169
d)33
.
a) 14
b)12
c)18
d)24
.
a) 36
b)24
c)26
d)28
.
a) 13
b) 12
c)15
d) 11
.
a) 13
b)12
c)14
d) 17
squares is 289. The difference of the two numbers is
5
.-. rational number =
o
Quicker Method: Applying the above rule, we hav

Required answer
1.
c)4
7
2.
2,a
8.b
4. a
>7
1
c )
5
d
The denominator of a rational number is 6 more than it

numerator. I f the numerator is increased by 9 and the
denominator is decreased by 5, we obtain 5. Find th<
rational number.
1
a)
c)
" 13
The denominator of a rational number is 3 more than it

numerator. I f the numerator is increased by 6 and tb
denominator is decreased by 2, we obtain 2. Find th
rational number.
1
a>3
4.
3.c
TT
5
b)-
7
O -
4
d)-
d) 15
Answers
l.b
7. a
7-2(3-2) _5
7 + (2x2-3) 8
The numerator of a rational number is 4 less than it

denominator. I f the numerator is increased by 8 and th
denominator is decreased by 2, we obtain 3. Find the
rational number.
a)
a) 3
b)27
c)5
d) 17
squares is 452. The difference of the two numbers is
b)2
Exercise
a) 7
b)9
c)8
d)23
The product of two numbers is 180. The sum of thensquares is 369. The/difference of the two numbers is
a) 30
x+1
= V 2 9 0 + 2 x l 4 3 = A/576 = 24 and
1.
5.b
6. a
The denominator of a rational number is 8 more than h

numerator. I f the numerator is increased by 7 and th
denominator is decreased by 8, we obtain 8. Find th
70

rational number.
:. x:y= 1 :2
y
1
a)
5.
b)
c)
>13
10
"Ml
The denominator of a rational number is 2 more than its
numerator. I f the numerator is increased by 9 and the
denominator is decreased by 5, we obtain 7. Find the
rational number.
9
150-100
1 , _
the required ratio = - - 1 : 2
Note: In case the total ie (A + B) becomes P% of the number
100
A, the ratio between A and B is given by
c)
>9
11
d)
_ /
The denominator of a fraction is 2 more than thrice its

numerator. I f the numerator as well as denominator is
Exercise
1.
When a number is added to another number the total
2.
becomes 333 per cent of the first number. What is the

3
ratio between the first and the second number?
a)3:7
b)7:4
c ) 7 : 3 d) Data inadequate
1
increased by one, the fraction becomes . What was
the original fraction.
4
[SBIPO,1999]
3
b)
11
>T3
d)
11
becomes 333 per cent of the second number. What is

3
Answers
l.c
2. a
3.d
4. a
5. a
6. b; Hint: This type of question may be solved by hit and
trial method.
First divide the question in different parts. Then start
from the answer-choices one-by-one. The choice, which
satisfies all the parts of the given question, will be required answer. For example, in the above question we
have two parts.
(I) The denominator of a fraction is 2 more than thrice
its numerator.
(II) If the numerator as well as denominator is increased
by 1, the fraction becomes 1/3.
Both parts will be satisfied by the answer choice (b),
hence (b) is the required answer.
Rule 47
3.
4.
5.
6.
When a number 'A' is added to another number 'B' and the

total ie (A + B) becomes P% of the number B, then the ratio
( P-100"
between A and B is given by
7.
100
Ex.:

becomes 150 per cent of the second number. What is
the ratio between the first and the second number?
Let the numbers be x and y.
150
x + v=150%ofv=y
3
or, * + v = - y
1
or,x=
-y
P-100,
the ratio between the first and the second number?

[SBI PO 2000|
a)3:7
b)7:4
c)7:3
d)4:7
becomes 250 per cent of the second number. What is the
a)3:2
b)2:3
c)4:3
d)3:4
a)4:3
b)3:4
c)5:3
d)3:5
a)4:7
b)7:4
c)3:8
d)8:3
a)l:4
b)4:l
c)l:2
d)2:l
a)4:11
b) 11:4
c)4:7
d)7:4
a)4:ll
b) 11:4
c)4:7
d)7:4
9. When a number is added to another number the total
becomes 225 per cent o f the first number. What is the
a)5:4
b)4:5
c)3:4
d)4:3
10. When a number is added to another number the total
8.
Number System
a)3:4
b)4:3
c)5:4
d)4:5
Answers
l.a
2.a
Answers
l.a
8. a
2.c
9.b
3.a
lO.c
4. a
5.a
6.a
7.b
Rule 48
The sum of three consecutive even or odd numbers is P less
or more than of Q. Then the middle number is given by
4.d
3.b
5.c
Rule 49
Two different numbers when divided by the same diviso

leaves remainders x andy respectively, and when their s
is divided by the same divisor, remainder is z, then the di
sor is given by(x+y- z). Or,
Divisor = (sum of remainders) - (Remainder when sum
divided)
Ex:
Two different numbers when divided by the same d

visor, left remainders 11 and 21 respectively, and whe
their sum was divided by the same divisor, remainde
was 4. What is the divisor?
Soln: Applying the above rule, we have the required an
s w e r 11+21-4=28
Note: +ve and -ve sign indicate more and less respectively.
Exercise
The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 15
less than three-fourth of 60. What is the middle number?
Let the middile number be x
60x3
-15
-2 + x + x + 2 =
Ex:
or, 3x = 30 :.x= 10
.-. required answer = 10
Quicker Method: Since we have less type of question, the above formula will be like
Q
Middle number
1.
2.
3.
60x--15
= 10
4.
Exercise
1.
The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 14 less

than one- fourth of 176. What is the middle number.
[BSRB Mumbai PO, 1998]
a) 10
b)8
. c)6
d)4
The sum of three consecutive odd numbers is 15 more
than one fourth of 120. What is the middle number?
a) 15
b) 13
c)17
d)21
than one-sixth of 324. What is the middle number?
a) 12
b)10
c)14
d)20
than two--third of 66. What is the middle number?
a) 10
b) 18
c)16
d) 12
The sum of three consecutive odd numbers is 25 more
than two -fifth of 65. What is the middle number?
a) 15
b) 19
c)17
d)21
5.
Two different numbers when divided by the same div

sor, left remainders 10 and 15 respectively, and whe
a)22
b)25
c)23_
d)21
sor, left remainders 5 and 7 respectively, and when the
sum was divided by the same divisor, remainder was 2
What is the divisor?
a) 11
b) 12
c)10
d)9
a)32
b)36
c)30
d)31
their sum was divided by the same divisor, remaind
a)28
b)27
c)31
d)29
a) 24
b)25
c)32
. d)42
Answers
l.a
2.c
3.d
4.d
5.a
Rule 50
If the product of two numbers is x and the sum of these tw
y+Jy
numbers isy, then the numbers are given by
-4i
72
Rule 51
If the product of two numbes is x and the difference between these two numbers is y, then the numbers are
and
J
yjy +4x+y
The product of two numbers is 192 and the sum of

these two numbers is 28. What is the smaller of these
two numbers?
[BSRB Calcutta PO 1999]
Let the numbers be x and y.
.-. xy = 192,x+y = 28
(i)
" (x-yf
=(x + yf -4xy
= 784-768=16
.-. x - y = 4
....(ii)
Combining eqn (i) and eqn (ii)
x = 16,andy = 12
.-. smaller number = 12.
Ex:
The product of two numbers is 192 and the difference

of these two numbers is 4. What is the greater of
these two numbers?
Let the numbers is x and y.
xy= 192andx-y = 4 ....(i)
(x + y )
=(x-y) +4xy
2
= (4) +4x192 = 784

2
x + y = 28 ....(if)
Solving eqn (i) and eqn (ii) we have
x- 16 andy = 12
.-. Greater number = 16
required
answer
=
28 + V784-768
28 + V28 - 4 X 1 9 2
the required numbers
-yjy +4x y
and
Ex:
28+4
y +4x+y
v784+4
28 + 4
= 16 and
2 8 - V 2 8 - 4 x 1 9 2 _ 2 8 - 4 _ 24 _ '
2
2
.-. smaller number = 12.
Note:
2.
3.
4.
5.
The product of two numbers is 154 and the sum of these

two numbers is 25. Find the difference between the numbers.
a) 3
b)4
c)5
d)8
two numbers is 33. Find the greater number.
a) 21
b) 12
c)13
d)23
two numbers is 32. Find the smaller number.
a) 17
b) 16
c)15
d) 13
a) 12
b) 14
c)16
d) 18
a) 12
b) 18
c)26
d)34
Answers
l.a
2.a
16.
Exercise
1.
32
Vy +4x+y
2
yjy +4x-y
2
Exericse
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The product of two numbers is 221 and the difference of

these two numbers is 4. Find the smaller number.
a) 13
b) 14
c) 16
d) 17
these two numbers is 7. Find the greater number.
a) 18
b) 15
c)13
d)11
these two numbers is 3. Find the sum of the numbers.
a) 26
b)25
c)28
d)27
a) 46
b)39
c)40
d)49
a) 42
b)44
c)48
d)34
Answers
3.c
4.a
5.b
l.a
2. a
3.d
4.d
5.b
Number System
Miscellaneous
If a fraction's numerator is increased by 1 and the denominator is increased by 2 then the fraction becomes
6.
2
T But when the numerator is increased by 5 and the
3
denominator is increased by 1 then the fraction becomes
7.
.What is the value of the original fraction?

[Bank of Baroda PO, 1999]
3
5
0)3
5
c )
6
d)-
8.
If the numerator of a fraction is increased by 2 and denominator is increased by 3, the fraction becomes 7/9;
and if numerator as well as denominator are decreased
by 1 the fraction becomes 4/5. What is the original frac| i?
[SBI Associates PO, 1999]
1j
J6
9.
b)
11
>6
e) None of these
2?
If the numerator of a fraction is increased by 2 and the
5
denominator is increased by 1, the fraction becomes
o
and if the numerator of the same fraction is increased by

3 and the denominator is increased by 1 the fraction
becomes . What is the original fraction?
[GuwahatiPO Exam, 1999]
'-
When any number is divided by 12 then dividend becomes
17
i> Data inadequate b)
a) 125
b)70
c)40
d)25
e) None of these
The ratio of two numbers is 3 :2. I f 10 and the sum of the
two numbers are added to their product, square of sixteen is obtained. What could be the smaller number?
[NABARD, 1999]
a) 14
b) 12
c)16
d) 18
e) None of these
The numbers x, y, z are such that xy = 96050 and xz =
95625 and y is greater than z by one. Find out the number z.
[NABARD, 19991
a) 425
b)220
c)525
d)226
e)225
I f the sum of one-half, one-third and one-fourth of a
number exceeds the number itself by 4, what could be
the number?
[NABARD, 19991
a) 24
b)36
c)72
d) 84
e) None of these
c)
e) None of these
a a two-digit number, the digit at unit place is 1 more
atari twice of the digit at tens place. I f the digit at unit

aad lens place be interchanged, then the difference beaacn the new number and original number is less than
1 10 that o f original number. What is the original
[BSRB Hyderabad PO, 1999]
b)73
c)25
e)37
~ o f a number is equal to of the second number. I f 3 5
o
added to the first number then it becomes 4 times of

aacaad number. What is the value of the second num[BSRB Hyderabad PO, 1999]
of the other number. By how much per cent is
first number greater than the second number?

[BSRB Chennai PO, 2000|
a) 200
b) 150
c)300
d) Data inadequate
e) None of these
10. A number gets reduced to its one-third when 48 is
substracted from it. What is two-third of that number?
[BSRB BhopalPO, 2000]
a) 24
b)72
c)36
d) 46
_
e) None of these
11. The sum of three consecutive numbers is given. What is
the difference between first and third number?
[BSRB BhopalPO, 20001
a)-One
2) Three
c) Either one or three
d) Two
e) None of these
12. I f the two digits of the age of Mr Manoj are reversed
then the new age so obtained is the age of his wife.
of the sum of their ages is equal to the difference between their ages. I f Mr Manoj is elder than his wife then
find the difference between their ages.
[BSRB Bangalore PO, 2000]
a) Cannot be determined
b) 10 years
c) 8 years
d) 7 years
e) 9 years
13. A number is greater than the square of 44 but smaller
than the square of 45. I f one part of the number is the
square of 6 and the number is a multiple of 5, then find
the number.
[BSRB Bangalore PO, 2000]
a) 1940
b)2080
c)1980
d) Cannot be determined
e) None of these
14. I f a number is decreased by 4 and divided by 6 the result
74

is 9. What would be the result i f 3 is subtracted from the
number and then it is divided by 5?
[BSRB Delhi PO, 2000]
23.
a)9|
24. A number is 25 more than its th . The number is:
)10y
c ) l l |
d) 11
e) None of these
15. A two-digit number is seven times the sum of its digits.
If each digit is increased by 2, the number thus obtained
is 4 more than six times the sum of its digits. Find the
number.
[BSRB PatnaPO, 2001]
a) 42
b)24
c)48
d) Data inadequate
e) None of these
16. The digit in the units place of a number is equal to the
digit in the tens place of half of that number and the digit
in the tens place of that number is less than the digit in
units place of half of the number by 1. I f the sum of the
digits of the number is seven, then what is the number?
[SBI BankPO, 2001]
a) 52
b) 16
c)34
d) Data inadequate
e) None of these
17. A fraction becomes 4 when 1 is added to both the numerator and denominator, and it becomes 7 when 1 is
subtraced from both the numerator and denominator.
The numerator of the given fraction is:
a) 2
b)3
c)7
d) 15
(NDA Exam 1990)
18. I f 1 is added to the denominator of a fraction, the fraction becomes (1/2). I f 1 is added to the numerator, the
fraction becomes 1. The fraction is:
4
a)T
7
5
b)~
7'. .9
2
c)y
~'3
b)30
c)30or -3-
b)40
c)80
d) 16
[BSRB Exam 1991]
c)72
d)63
[Hotel Management, 1991]
22. I f one fifth of a number decreased by 5 is 5, then the
number is:
a) 25
b)50
c)60
d)75
[Clerks' Grade Exam 1991]
c)60
d)80
25. 24 is divided into two parts such that 7 times the first
part added to 5 times the second part makes 146. The
first part is:
a) 11
b) 13
c)16
d) 17
[RRB Exam 1991]
26.
4
2
~ of a number exceeds its by 8. The number is:
a) 30
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
1
1
of a number subtracted from of the number gives
12. The number is:
a) 144
b)120
125
b)
- of a certain number is 64. Half of that number is:

a) 32
21.
125
d)30or3y
[RRB Exam 1991]

20.
[Clerks' Grade Exam, 19911
10
d)
-' 11
[CDS Exam 1991]

19. The sum of two numbers is twice their difference. I f one
of the numbers is 10, the other number is:
11 times a number gives 132. The number is

a) 11
b) 12
c) 13.2
d) None of these
[Clerks' Grade Exam 19911
33.
34.
b)60
c)90
d)None of these
[RRB Exam 1989]
The differencebetween squares of two numbers is 256000
and sum of the numbers is 1000. The numbers are:
a) 628,372
b) 600,400
c) 640,630
d) None of these
[GICAAO Exam, 1988]
Three numbers are in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5 . The sum of the
largest and the smallest equals the sum of the third and
52. The smallest number is:
a) 20
b)27
c)39
d)52
[Accountants' Exam 1986]
A positive number when decreased by 4, is equal to 21
times the reciprocal of the number. The number is:
a)3
b)5
c)7
d}9
tNDA Exam 1987]
The sum of 3 numbers-is 68. I f the ratio between first and
second be 2 : 3 and that between second and third be 5
: 3, then the second number is:
a) 30
b)20
c)58
d)48
[SSC Exam 1986]
Two numbers are such that the ratio between them is 3 :
5; but i f each is increased by 10, the ratio between them
becomes 5:7. The numbers are:
a) 3,5
b)7,9
c)13,22
d) 15,25
[RRB Exam. 1989]
Divide 50 into two parts so that the sum of their reciprocals is (1/12):
a)20,30
b)24,26
c)28,22
d)36,14
[RRB Exam 1988|
The sum of seven numbers is 235. The average of the
first three is 23 and that of the last three is 42. The fourth
number is:
a) 40
b)126
c)69
d) 195
[Clerks' Grade Exam. 1991]
How many figures (digits) are required to number a book
Number System
containing 200 pages?

a) 200
b)600
c)492
d)372
[MBA 1980]
x+ 2
Then j ~ g or, 8x-5y = - l l
y-
...(i)
x+3
j ~ 4 or, 4x-3y = -9
y
-(ii)
|+
35. In a question, divisor is of the dividend and 2 times
Again,
the remainder. If the remainder is 5, find the dividend,

a) 15
b)25
c) 18
d)24
[SSC 94]
36 A number when divided by 5 leaves a remainder 3. What
is the remainder when the square of the same number is
divided by 5?
a) 9
b)3
c)l
d)4
[MBA 1990|
T Assuming that A, B and C are different single-digit numerical values other than what is already used in the
following equation, what number C definitely cannot be?
8A2 + 3B5 + C4-1271
a) 7
b)9
c) Either 7 or 9
d) 6
e) None of these
solving eqn (i) and (ii), we get
4. e; Let the original number be 1 Ox + y

y = 2 x + l ....(i)
and(10y + x)-(10x + y ) = 1 0 x + y - 1
or,9y-9x=10x + y - 1
or, 1 9 x - 8 y = l
Putting the value of (i) in equation (ii) we get,
19x-8(2x+l)=l
or, 1 9 x - 1 6 x - 8 = l
or,3x=9or,x = 3
So,y = 2 x 3 + l = 7
.-. original number = 10 x 3 + 7 = 37
,
/,
7/=
7//
1
Answers
l.c; Let the fraction be
7+35=4/7 or.
then,
1_
....(ii)
25
...(i)
II '
25
8
II + 35 = 477
.-. 77=40
6. b; Let the two numbers be 3x and 2x.
10 + (3x + 2x) + (3x x 2x)=(16)
or, 6x + 5x - 246 = 0 or, 6x + 41 x - 36x - 246 = 0
or,6x(6x+41)-6(6x+41)=0
or,(6x+41)(x-6) = 0
.'. x = 6
jc + 1 _ 2
y+z
.-. fraction =
x = 3 and y = 7
5. c;
or,3x + 3 = 2 y + 4
'
or,3x = 2 y + l
....(i)
x+5_ 5
Also, we have ^ j ~ ^
+
or,4x + 20 = 5y + 5
or,4x = 5y-15
From (i) and (ii), we get
2y + l
5y-15
....(ii)
-41
or (But -ve value cannot be accepted)
or,8y + 4 = 15y-45
or, 7y = 49 .-. y = 7 and
2x7 + 1
2y + l
- ~
=5
.-. required original fraction =
y 7
2. c: Let the numerator and denominator be x and y respecx+2 1
tively. Then y + 3 9
x-l _ 4
- \5 o r , 5 x - 4 y = l
y
So, x = 6. Hence, smaller number = 2x = 12

7. e; xy = 96050...(i)andxz=95625 ....(ii)
a n d y - z = 1 ...(iii)
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get
5_
or, 9(x + 2) = 7(y + 3) or, 9x- 7y = 3
....(i)
y _ 96050 _ 3842
95625
Combining (iii) and (iv), we get z = 225
8.e; Let the number be x.
1 1 \
'6 + 4 + 3
+ - + be :
2 3 4/
13
....(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 5, y = 6

Reqd fraction = 5/6
x
z. Let the original fraction be ~~ .
3825
....(iv)
13_
12'
x = 4 x = 48
12
9. d; Here neither the remainder nor the dividend nor the
second number is given, so can't be determined.
10. e; Let the number be x.
then, x = 48 - x = 48
76
11. d; Let the three consecutive numbers be

x, x + 1 and x + 2 respectively.
.-. Diff. between first and third numbers
=x+2-x=2
12. e; Let the age of Mr Manoj be (lOx + y) yrs.
.-. His wife's age = (10y + x) years
1
Then,(10x + y + lOy + x) = lOx + y - lOy-x
Solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 15, y = 3.

18. c; Let the required fraction
y + 1
2x-y= 1
2 "
And,l l
x - y = -1
y
Solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 2, y = 3.
=
x _ 5
or, x + y = 9x - 9y or, 8x = 1 Oy or,
y~4
.-. x = 5 and y = 4 (because any other multiple of 5 will

make x of two digits)
.-.Diff=10x + y - 1 0 y - x = 9x-9y = 9(x-y)
= 9(5-4) = 9yrs
13. c; Let the number be x.
2
.-. The fraction is ~ .
19. b;Let the other number = x
10 + x=2(x-10)^> x = 30.
4
44 < x < 4 5 => 1936<x<2025

....(i)
From equation (i), the required number will be any number between 1936 and 2025.
/ Since one part of the number is the square of 6 means
one factor is 36.
LCMof36and5=180
Numberwillbe multiple of 180 ie 180 x 11 = 1980the
only value which satisfies the equation (i)
14. d;Let the number be x
2
x-4
x-3
58-3
.-. - = 9 => = 58 Again, = 7 = 11
6
5
5
15. a; Let the two-digit number be lOx + y.
10x + y = 7(x + y) => x = 2y ....(i)
10(x + 2) + y + 2 = 6(x + y + 4) + 4
or, 10x + y + 22 = 6x + 6y + 28 => 4x-5y = 6
x
00
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get x = 4 and y = 2
16. a; Let 1/2 of the no. = lOx + y
and the no. = 10V + W
From the given conditions, W = x and V = y -1
Thus the no. = 10(y- l ) + x
....(A)
.-. 2(10x + y ) = 1 0 ( y - l ) + x:=>8y-19x=10
...(i)
V + W = 7 => y - l + x = 7
.-. x + y = 8
....(ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
x = 2 and y = 6
.-. From equation (A),
Number=10(y-l) + x = 52
x
17. d; Let the required fraction be ~ .
Then,
x+1 _
~
=> x - 4y = 3
=>
64x5
=
4
I x x = i x 8 0 = 40
"2
2
;| J X X - - J - X X
-x = 12=>x = 144.
12
<\
22. b; - o f x - 5 = 5 = > - = 10=>x = 50

5
J
5
23. b ; l l x = 1 3 2
x=12
2
.
3x ^
125
24. a; x x = 25 => = 25 => x =
.
5
5
3
25. b; Let these parts be x and (24 - x). Then,
7x + 5 ( 2 4 - x ) = 146 => x=13.
So the first partis 13.
26. b;Let the number be x. Then,
4
2
-x = 8 = > x = 60
xx
15
5 3
27. a; Let the numbers be x and y. Then,
n
x - y = 256000 and x + y = 1000.

2
x-y
x-y
256000
x+y
1000
= 256
Solving x + y = 1000, x - y = 256, we get x = 628, y = 372

28. c; Let the numbers be 3x, 4x and 5x.
5x + 3x = 4x + 52 =5. x = 13.
.-. smallest number=3x = 39.
29. c; Let the number be x. Then,
2
7=
y-1
T X J C
x - 4 = = > x - 4 x - 2 1 = 0 = > x = 7.
x
x-\
And,
20. b ;
=> x - 7 y = -6
.-. required number = 7
timber System
77
a: Let the numbers be x, y, z. Then,

x_2
y_ 5
y ~ 3'7~ 3
3x = 2yand5z=3y.
3
3
3 3
9
y = x, z = y = x x = x
2
5
5 2
10
3
9
x + - x + * = 98 => 34x = 680 => x = 20.
So, second number = y *
20 j = 30
i Let the numbers be 3x and 5x.

3x + 10
= =>x = 5
5x + 10 7
Hence, the numbers are 15,25.
a; Let the numbers be x and (50 - x). Then,
50-x + x
1
1
1
1
-+-
50-x
12 ^
x(50-x)
12
=> x - 5 0 x + 600 = 0 =^> x = 30or20.

2
a;(23x3+x + 42><3) = 235

x = 40.
.-. fourth number = 40.
c: Number of one digit pages from 1 to 9 = 9
Number of two digit pages from 10 to 99 = 90

Number of three digit pages from 100 to 200 =101
.-. total number of required figures =
9x 1+90x2+101 x3=492
35. a; According to the question
Divisor = x dividend and 2 x remainder
or, x dividend = 2 x 5
2x5x3
.-. Dividend = - = 1 5 .
36. d; The number is of the form (5x + 3), where x is an integer
(5x + 3) _ 25x +30x + 9 _ 25x
2
'
30x
5 +4
5
.-. the remainder is 4.

37. e;SinceA + B + C = 1 6
(Possible values of A, B and C are 0,6,7 & 9).
Also A*B, B*C, A*C
I f C = 6, A + B should be
.
10, which is not possible.
7, which is also not possible.
16 which is also not possible.

Chapter 3

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Chapter 3

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Number System

A number when divided by 602 leaves remainder 36

and 5 times the remainder. I f the remainder is 48, the

Soto: By the above formula, we get

In a divison sum the quotient is 120, the divisor 456, and

5 times the remainder. What is the dividend, if the remainder be 469?

On dividing J9724b by a certain numoer, me quuucm

On dividing 7865321 by a certain number, the quotient is

PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATH

.-. the least number to be added = 58.

Method II: By adding (divisor - remainder) to dividend.

Ex. 1: What least number must be added to 49123 to get a

What least number must be subtracted from 5731625,

457213 and 343373 are divided by a certain number o f

Note: The numbers can also be found by the direct formula

The sum of two numbers is 20 and their difference is 10.

PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS

[RRB Exam 1991]

I f one-fifth of one-third o f one-half of number is 15,

[SBI BankPO 2001]

The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is S. If the digits

Note:(*) The resultant should be multiplied by the reverse of

I f one-third of one-sixth of two-third of number is 64,

The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 8. If the

From equations (1) and (2)

The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 12. I f the

or, x(x + 14)-13(x + 14) = 0

I f the sum of a number and its square is 240, what is the

If the sum of a number and its square is x, then the number

I f the sum of a number and its square is 182, what is

PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS

I f 40% of a number is 360, what will be 15% of 15% of

The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 8. I f the

of a number is n, then y% of z% of that number is

Quicker Method: Applying the above rule, we have

If90%ofa number is 540, what will be 10%of5%ofthat

Again, 15% of 135 = xl35 = 20.25

The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 7. I f the

Ratio of the sum and the difference of the two numbers

Note: We cannot get the sum of two digits.

The difference between a two-digit number and the

Thus, the difference is 3, but we cannot get the sum

the sum of the two digits of the number?

PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS

8. d: Hint: Let, the two no. be xy, ie lOx + y then,

The average of 5 consecutive integers is 4. Find the

The average of 3 consecutive integers is 3. Find the

The average of 7 consecutive integers is 7. Find the

leaves the remainders a

(x, - a,) = (x - a ) = (x - a ) . We have an established

method that is given below.

Find the least number which, when divided by 13,15

In the above case

Tofind the least number which when divided by x , x and

Find the.least number which when divided by 24,32 and

Find also the common remainder.

To find the greatest number that will divide given numbers

The ratio between a two-digit number and the sum of th

case, wefind the HCF of the positive difference of numbers

n and the digits in unit's place and

ten's place are |

The ratio between a two-digit number and the sum of

or, 72, 48 and 120 are also divisible by the required