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Health, Education, Social Protection

News & Notes 03/2010


A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GTZ
(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit)
07 February 2010

You can download back issues (2005 - 2010) of this newsletter at: http://hiv-prg.org/en/newsletters

Table of Contents:

BOOKS ................................................................................ 4
Clinical guidelines: Diagnosis and treatment manual for curative programmes in hospitals
and dispensaries ..................................................................................................................... 4
Rethinking Poverty: Report on the World Social Situation 2010............................................. 4
Science and Innovation for Development ............................................................................... 4
Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects: Making Sense of the Evidence 5
Nutrition Manual for Humanitarian Action ............................................................................... 5
Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries.................................................................. 5

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 6


HIV - AIDS - STI ........................................................................................................... 6
Guidance for German Development Cooperation: Mainstreaming HIV.................................. 6
PMTCT Strategic Vision 2010-2015........................................................................................ 6
Adolescent HIV - Cause for Concern in Southern Africa ........................................................ 6
Engaging New Partners and New Technologies to Prevent HIV among Men Who Have Sex
with Men .................................................................................................................................. 7
AIDS, Security and Conflict Initiative....................................................................................... 7
HIV related restrictions on entry, residence and stay in the WHO European Region: a
survey ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Antiretroviral treatment outcomes from a nurse-driven, community-supported HIV/AIDS
treatment programme in rural Lesotho: observational cohort assessment at two years ........ 8
A Guide to HIV Drug Resistance............................................................................................. 8
Sexual & Reproductive Health ..................................................................................... 8
Youth-led Organizations and SRHR: A step by step guide to creating sustainable youth-led
organizations working on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights ................................. 8
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Data and Trends - Update 2010 ...................................... 9
Ensuring Universal Access to Family Planning as a Key Component of Sexual and
Reproductive Health................................................................................................................ 9
Assessment of Family Planning Services in Kenya ................................................................ 9
Job Aids for the Reinjection of Injectable Contraceptives....................................................... 9
Medical Abortion Study Guide............................................................................................... 10
The Reproductive Health Needs of Refugees and Displaced People: An Opening for
Renewed U. S. Leadership ................................................................................................... 10
Maternal & Child Health ............................................................................................. 10
Why did the Lancet take so long? ......................................................................................... 10
Giving Life, Risking Death: Maternal Mortality in Burkina Faso ............................................ 11
Reforming country health systems for women’s health ........................................................ 11
Effect of Human Rotavirus Vaccine on Severe Diarrhea in African Infants .......................... 11
Effect of Rotavirus Vaccination on Death from Childhood Diarrhea in Mexico..................... 12
Manual for the health care of children in humanitarian emergencies ................................... 12
Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices ........................................ 12
Malaria........................................................................................................................ 12
Low-technology cooling box for storage of malaria RDTs and other medical supplies in
remote areas ......................................................................................................................... 12

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 1


Cost Implications of Improving Malaria Diagnosis: Findings from North-Eastern Tanzania. 13
Do paediatric drug formulations of artemisinin combination therapies improve the treatment
of children with malaria? A systematic review and meta-analysis ........................................ 13
Intermittent screening and treatment versus intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in
pregnancy: user acceptability................................................................................................ 13
Quantifying the Number of Pregnancies at Risk of Malaria in 2007: A Demographic Study 14
Tables of Malaria Vaccine Projects Globally......................................................................... 14
Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................... 14
Yield of HIV-associated tuberculosis during intensified case finding in resource-limited
settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis .................................................................. 14
Risk Factors for Treatment Default among Re-Treatment Tuberculosis Patients in India,
2006....................................................................................................................................... 15
Impact of HIV Infection on the Recurrence of Tuberculosis in South India .......................... 15
Prevention of tuberculosis in Bacille Calmette–Guérin-primed, HIV-infected adults boosted
with an inactivated whole-cell mycobacterial vaccine ........................................................... 15
TB/HIV treatment literacy ......................................................................................................16
Other Infectious Diseases .......................................................................................... 16
Weekly epidemiological record - Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire ........................... 16
Killing a Killer: What Next for Smallpox?............................................................................... 16
Essential Medicines.................................................................................................... 17
Death and Taxes: Government mark-ups on the price of drugs ........................................... 17
The Impact of Tariff and Non-tariff Barriers on Access to Essential Drugs for the Poorest
People ................................................................................................................................... 17
Medicine Pricing Matters ....................................................................................................... 17
Essential drugs - Practical guidelines intended for physicians, pharmacists, nurses and
medical auxiliaries ................................................................................................................. 18
Social Security............................................................................................................ 18
Community health insurance amidst abolition of user fees in Uganda: the view from policy
makers and health service managers ................................................................................... 18
Social Security System in India: An International Comparative Analysis ............................. 18
Does Microcredit Really Help Poor People? ......................................................................... 19
Comparing Food and Cash Transfers to the Ultra-Poor in Bangladesh ............................... 19
Protecting Africa’s future: Livelihood-based social protection for orphans and vulnerable
children (OVC) in east and southern Africa........................................................................... 19
Health Systems & Research ...................................................................................... 20
Research and Development Coordination and Financing: Report of the Expert Working
Group..................................................................................................................................... 20
The critical issues affecting the introduction of Health Management Information Systems in
developing countries in Africa ............................................................................................... 20
Decentralizing Kenya’s Health Management System: An Evaluation................................... 20
System-Wide Impacts of Hospital Payment Reforms ........................................................... 21
Microscopy Quality Control in Médecins Sans Frontières Programs in Resource-Limited
Settings.................................................................................................................................. 21
Information & Communication Technology ................................................................ 21
Internet-based medical education: a realist review of what works, for whom and in what
circumstances ....................................................................................................................... 21
ICTs for Education: Impact and lessons learned from IICD-supported activities.................. 22
Building a Knowledge Society for All..................................................................................... 22
Cell-Phone Medicine Brings Care to Patients in Developing Nations................................... 22
Education ................................................................................................................... 23
Heroes and villains: Teachers in the education response to HIV ......................................... 23
Special Needs of In-school HIV Positive Young People in Uganda...................................... 23
The High Cost of Low Educational Performance .................................................................. 23
Harm Reduction and Drug Use .................................................................................. 23
Skin on the Cable: The Illegal Arrest, Arbitrary Detention and Torture of People Who Use
Drugs in Cambodia................................................................................................................ 23
Is the smokers exposure to environmental tobacco smoke negligible?................................ 24
Millennium Development Goals.................................................................................. 24
Beyond the Midpoint: Achieving the Millennium Development Goals................................... 24
Millennium Development Goals update: Are we on target?.................................................. 24
Development Assistance............................................................................................ 25

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 2


Budget Support in Practice Series ........................................................................................ 25
Meeting the Demand for Results and Accountability: A Call for Action on Health Data from
Eight Global Health Agencies ............................................................................................... 25
The Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness in Africa: Promise & Performance ........ 25
Do Health Sector-Wide Approaches Achieve Results? ........................................................ 26
Financing of health systems to achieve the health Millennium Development Goals in low-
income countries ................................................................................................................... 26
Big Push versus Absorptive Capacity: How to Reconcile the Two Approaches................... 26
European Commission - Humanitarian Aid: Annual Review 2008........................................ 27
Others......................................................................................................................... 27
Snake Bite in South Asia: A Review ..................................................................................... 27
Hearing the Voices of Children and Youth ............................................................................ 27
Preventing corruption in humanitarian operations: a handbook of good practices ............... 28
Approaches to teaching and learning about corruption in the health sector......................... 28
Evidence-Based Decision-Making in Humanitarian Assistance............................................ 28
Woreda Resource Book: Community-Led Total Behavior Change in Hygiene & Sanitation 29
2009 Report on the Work of the Global Health Cluster to the Emergency Relief Coordinator
............................................................................................................................................... 29

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 29


Bulletin of the World Health Organization (BLT) ................................................................... 29
The Southern Sudan Medical Journal Vol. 3 Nr. 1 (February 2010)..................................... 30
Youth InfoNet 64 – January 2010 ......................................................................................... 30
Primary Resources: Free lesson plans, activity ideas and resources for primary teachers . 30

INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 30


Health Systems Strengthening.............................................................................................. 30
GHDonline ............................................................................................................................. 31
Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse .................................................................... 31
Asia Pacific Council of AIDS Service Organisations (APCASO) .......................................... 31

TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES............................................ 31
E-learning Programme: Clinical Management of Rape......................................................... 31
Improving the Quality of Healthcare Services ....................................................................... 32

CONFERENCES................................................................ 32
Adolescent Girls - Cornerstone of Society: Building Evidence and Policies for Inclusive
Societies ................................................................................................................................ 32
First Global Symposium on Health Systems Research (HSR) ............................................. 32

CARTOON ......................................................................... 33

TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 33


Improved Google Search ...................................................................................................... 33
Do you have date and time at hand? .................................................................................... 34
Download YouTube Videos the Easy Way ........................................................................... 34

Fair Use:
This Newsletter is produced under the principles of 'fair use'. We source relevant news articles, resources and research
documents and strive to attribute sources by providing reference and/or direct links to authors and websites.

Disclaimer:
The views expressed in this newsletter, do not necessarily represent those of GTZ or the editor of HESP-News & Notes.
While we make every effort to ensure that all facts and figures quoted by authors are accurate, GTZ and the editor of the
Newsletter cannot be held responsible for any inaccuracies contained in any articles. Please contact dneuvians@gmx.de
if you believe that errors are contained in any article and we will investigate and provide feedback.

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 3


BOOKS
Clinical guidelines: Diagnosis and treatment manual for curative
programmes in hospitals and dispensaries

Edited by I. Broek, N. Harris, M. Henkens et al.


Médecins Sans Frontières, January 2010

324 pp. 1.5 MB:


http://www.refbooks.msf.org/msf_docs/en/Clinical_Guide/CG_en.pdf

This diagnostic and treatment manual is designed for use by medical pro-
fessionals involved in curative care at the dispensary and hospital levels. This edition
touches on the curative and, to a lesser extent, the preventive aspects of the main dis-
eases encountered in the field. The list is incomplete, but covers the essential needs.

***

Rethinking Poverty: Report on the World Social Situation 2010

by Wenyan Yang, Lisa Ainbinder, Renata Kaczmarska et al.


United Nation, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2009
ISBN 978-92-1-130278-3

203 pp. 8.0 MB:


http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/docs/2010/fullreport.pdf

This Report on the World Social Situation seeks to contribute to rethinking poverty and
its eradication. It affirms the urgent need for a strategic shift away from the market fun-
damentalist thinking, policies and practices of recent decades towards more sustainable
development- and equity-oriented policies appropriate to national conditions and cir-
cumstances. Such national development strategies, as called for by the 2005 World
Summit, should seek to achieve the development goals.

***

Science and Innovation for Development

by Gordon Conway, Jeff Waage and Sara Delaney


Published by UK Collaborative on Development Sciences (UKCDS),
January 2010; ISBN: 978 1 84129 0829

398 pp. 30.0 MB (!):


http://www.ukcds.org.uk/_assets/file/book/science_innovation_book_lowres.pdf

Scientific education, knowledge and research are crucial to solving development chal-
lenges. Science as a tool for providing evidence and discovering solutions has been ne-
glected recently by many key decision makers. The authors hope that this book will give
anyone who is interested in international development a clearer picture of the role that
science and innovation can play.
***

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 4


Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects: Making Sense
of the Evidence

Committee on Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Acute Coronary


Events; Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, January 2010

241 pp. 1.7 MB:


http://groups.google.com/group/health-education-social-protection-
news-notes/web/Secondhand%20Smoke%20Exposure.pdf

Data suggest that exposure to secondhand smoke can result in heart disease in non-
smoking adults. Recently, progress has been made in reducing involuntary exposure to
secondhand smoke through legislation banning smoking in workplaces, restaurants, and
other public places. The effect of legislation to ban smoking and its effects on the car-
diovascular health of non-smoking adults, however, remains a question.

***

Nutrition Manual for Humanitarian Action

by Alain Mourey
International Committee of the Red Cross, August 2008

712 pp. 5.6 MB:


http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/p0820/$File/ICR
C_002_0820.PDF

This manual is an important tool for all humanitarian workers involved in the field of nu-
trition. In addition to presenting an in-depth explanation of human nutrition, nutrition cri-
sis and nutritional programmes within humanitarian intervention, the manual highlights
the importance of maintaining a better understanding of the broader impact of war on all
aspects of daily life. It argues that food is not just a means for survival but that it is a ba-
sic right for those caught up in the conflict, as defined in international humanitarian law.

***

Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries

Editors Sosa, A. de J.; Byarugaba, D.K.; Amábile-Cuevas, et al.


Springer, 556 pp. 2010; ISBN: 978-0-387-89369-3; Price € 124,95

Download Preface (2 pp. 83 kb):


http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9
780387893693-p1.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-803098-p173866339
Chapter 2: Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance (12 pp. 459 kB):
http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/978038789369
3-c1.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-803102-p173866339

Whereas antimicrobial resistance has been addressed for the past four decades by ex-
perts in the industrialized world, studies describing the problem and the public health
situation in the developing world have lagged behind. Although we have learned much
from studies of the genetics and molecular biology of the problem from investigations in
industrialized countries, it is in developing countries where more studies and efforts are
needed. With travel encouraging the transport of microbes, the information in this book
will have wide sweeping benefit, not only for developing countries, but also for the world
at large.

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 5


ONLINE PUBLICATIONS
HIV - AIDS - STI

Guidance for German Development Cooperation: Mainstreaming HIV

by Marianthi Vezertzi, Stuart Adams and Anna von Roenne


Project ‘Strengthening the German contribution to the global AIDS re-
sponse’ - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)
GmbH, 2009

38 pp. 2.5 MB:


http://www2.gtz.de/dokumente/bib/gtz2009-0454en-hiv-guidance.pdf

Since 2003 it is a policy of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and
Development (BMZ) that all German Development Cooperation (GDC) programmes and
projects in sub-Saharan Africa mainstream HIV, at least in countries with generalized
epidemics and especially in countries where HIV prevalence is five percent or more.
This publication contains 10 Factsheets (4 pp. each) about mainstreaming HIV in differ-
ent sectors.
***

PMTCT Strategic Vision 2010-2015

Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV to reach the UNGASS


and Millennium Development Goals

World Health Organization, February 2010

37 pp. 3.0 MB:


http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/mtct/strategic_vision.pdf

The purpose of this document is to define WHO’s commitment to global and country
support to scale up access to prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of
HIV services and integrate these services with maternal, newborn and child and repro-
ductive health programmes. WHO will work to enhance global collaboration among key
partners, increase its capacity at the regional and country levels for providing technical
assistance and support, strengthen strategic partnerships with key funding and imple-
menting agencies.
***

Adolescent HIV - Cause for Concern in Southern Africa

by Glenda E. Gray
PLoS Med 7(2): e1000227 (2 February 2010)

4 pp. 80 kB:
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=C7940FFA5664CE46
3D7953D609604403?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000227&representation=PDF

The author discusses the implications of a new study that found that almost half of all
adolescents hospitalized in Zimbabwe were HIV-infected.

***

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 6


Engaging New Partners and New Technologies to Prevent HIV among Men
Who Have Sex with Men

By James Robertson
AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources (aidstar-One)
Case Study Series, January 2010

18 pp. 4.4 MB:


http://www.aidstar-one.com/sites/default/files/AIDSTAR-
One_Case_Study_MSM_Ghana_High_Res.pdf

Men who have sex with men (MSM) have been neglected in HIV programming in sub-
Saharan Africa, frequently ignored in national strategies and hidden in the face of intol-
erance, stigmatization, and punitive laws. In Ghana, community-based organizations
(CBOs) have been at the forefront of HIV interventions for MSM. They have been part of
much-needed efforts to reach MSM with prevention messages, condoms, and lubricant
and to increase uptake of HIV-related services using cell phone-based communications.

***

AIDS, Security and Conflict Initiative


The Conflict-HIV/AIDS Nexus: An Empirical Assessment

by Christian Davenport & Cyanne E. Loyle


The AIDS, Security and Conflict Initiative (ASCI), January 2009

50 pp. 2.3 MB:


http://asci.researchhub.ssrc.org/working-
papers/ASCI%20Research%20Paper%2021-Davenport%20and%20Loyle.pdf

The authors outline what is generally known about HIV/AIDS and the influence of con-
flict on the disease. They then discuss the first systematic effort to explore the relation-
ship as well as some limitations with this analysis, prompting the current investigation.
The report concludes with a general overview of the project as well as some of the im-
plications of this work for scholarship, policymaking and advocacy.

***

HIV related restrictions on entry, residence and stay in the WHO European
Region: a survey

by Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Nadja Curth, Matthew Weait and Srdan Matic


Journal of the International AIDS Society 2010, 13:2 (15 January 2010)

21 pp. 171 kB:


http://www.jiasociety.org/content/pdf/1758-2652-13-2.pdf

Back in 1987, the World Health Organization (WHO) concluded that the screening of in-
ternational travellers was an ineffective way to prevent the spread of HIV. However,
some countries still restrict the entrance and/or residency of foreigners with an HIV in-
fection. In 32% of the countries in the European Region, there are either some kind of
HIV-related travel restrictions, or the authors were unable to determine if such restric-
tions are in force. Governments in the European Region should revise legislation on
HIV-related travel restrictions.
***

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 7


Antiretroviral treatment outcomes from a nurse-driven, community-
supported HIV/AIDS treatment programme in rural Lesotho: observational
cohort assessment at two years

by Rachel Cohen, Sharonann Lynch, Helen Bygrave et al.


Journal of the International AIDS Society 2009, 12:23 (8 October 2009)

8 pp. 205 kB:


http://www.jiasociety.org/content/pdf/1758-2652-12-23.pdf

The authors here describe two-year outcomes of a decentralized HIV/AIDS care pro-
gramme in a rural health zone covering 14 clinics and one district hospital. The success-
ful two-year outcomes are evidence that HIV/ AIDS care and treatment can be provided
effectively at the primary care level. The programme highlights how improving HIV care
strengthened the primary health care system, and validates several critical areas for
task shifting that are being considered by other countries in the region.

***

A Guide to HIV Drug Resistance


A Special Report from thebody.com

by David Margolis, Cal Cohen, Mark Holodniy et al.


The Health Central Network, 2009

32 pp. 2.1 MB:


http://www.thebody.com/multidrug/pdfs/resistance.pdf

The only purpose of this booklet is to educate and to inform. It is no substitute for pro-
fessional care by a doctor or other medical professionals. This booklet should give you a
better idea of how drug resistance HIV happens, how you can avoid it, how doctors can
test for it and what it means to have drug-resistant HIV. The more you know about resis-
tance, the easier it will be to work with your doctor to figure out your best course of
treatment - and the better your chances of staying healthy far into the future.

Sexual & Reproductive Health

Youth-led Organizations and SRHR: A step by step guide to creating sus-


tainable youth-led organizations working on Sexual and Reproductive
Health and Rights

by Claudia Ahumada, Karolien Dekkers, Annelies Mesman et al.


CHOICE for Youth and Sexuality and the Youth Coalition for Sexual
and Reproductive Rights, 2009

51 pp. 2.1 MB:


http://www.youthcoalition.org/site08/attachs/YouthGuide_final.pdf

This guide is a resource for young people interested in developing sustainable organiza-
tions, specifically those that address youth sexual and reproductive health rights. It
draws on the experiences of two independent youth-led organizations and outlines stra-
tegic planning, governance structures, fundraising, communications, decision-making
models, best practices, and lessons learned.

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 8


Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Data and Trends - Update 2010

by Charlotte Feldman-Jacobs and Donna Clifton


Population Reference Bureau (PRB), 2010

9 pp. 198 kB:


http://www.prb.org/pdf10/fgm-wallchart2010.pdf

This update of PRB's 2008 wallchart on data and trends in female genital mutila-
tion/cutting shows the practice is widespread in at least 27 developing countries, al-
though there is some evidence that younger generations in some countries may face a
slightly smaller risk.
***

Ensuring Universal Access to Family Planning as a Key Component of


Sexual and Reproductive Health

by Jalaluddin Ahmed, Akinrinola Bankole, Carmen Barroso et al.


United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 2010

6 pp. 200 kB:


http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publi
cations/2010/unfpa_fp_recommended_en.pdf

This document argues that despite increases in contraceptive use since 1994, high un-
met need for family planning persists. In the least developed countries six out of ten
women who do not want to get pregnant are not using contraception. This unmet need
for family planning is highest among the disadvantaged individuals who are also most
likely to suffer adverse consequences from unprotected sex. Among the most significant
underserved group is a new generation of adolescents - the largest the world has seen,
who have begun their sexually active years but often are excluded from reproductive
health services.
***

Assessment of Family Planning Services in Kenya

by Alfred Agwanda, Anne Khasakhala and Maureen Kimani


MEASURE DHS programme at Macro International Inc., USA; January
2010

51 pp. 1.8 MB:


http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/WPK4/WPK4.pdf

This study focused on factors associated with the readiness of Kenyan health facilities
to provide quality and appropriate care to family planning clientele; the degree to which
health care providers foster informed selection of an appropriate contraceptive method;
and the extent to which clients perceive services to be of high quality.

***

Job Aids for the Reinjection of Injectable Contraceptives

Family Health International (FHI) and IntraHealth International, 2010

http://www.fhi.org/en/RH/Pubs/servdelivery/reinjection_job_aids.htm

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 9


FHI and IntraHealth International announced the release of several new
job aids for the reinjection of injectable contraceptives. These tools are
designed to help clinicians and community health workers improve their
services to women who return for reinjections of depot medroxypro-
gesterone acetate (DMPA) and norethisterone enantate (NET-EN). In a
study the introduction of reinjection job aids for providers led to much
higher reinjection rates among clients in the intervention clinics compared
to the control sites.
***

Medical Abortion Study Guide

Ali Samba, Alison Edelman, Anne Burke et al.


Ipas, 2009

100 pp. 1.3 MB:


http://www.ipas.org/Publications/asset_upload_file374_4466.pdf

This training program is designed for health-care workers, including midwives, nurses or
other mid-level providers, general practice physicians, and obstetrician/gynaecologists
who will provide first trimester medical abortion. The content is aimed toward basic in-
formation necessary for provision of care, but includes resources for further study or ex-
pansion of training, depending on the participants’ needs.

***

The Reproductive Health Needs of Refugees and Displaced People: An


Opening for Renewed U. S. Leadership

By Susan A. Cohen
Guttmacher Policy Review, Summer 2009, Volume 12, Number 3

5 pp. 48 kB:
http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/12/3/gpr120315.pdf

The mid-1990s marked the beginning of recognition at the global level that the repro-
ductive health needs and rights of people affected by conflict and natural disasters are
urgent and deserve a response. In 2003 the Bush administration abruptly terminated fi-
nancial support for the Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium.
Now, that the global gag rule is gone, it would be the time for the United States to reas-
sert its leadership role, to ensure that sexual and reproductive health care is a core
component of its humanitarian response for people living in emergency situations.

Maternal & Child Health

Why did the Lancet take so long?

by Trisha Greenhalgh
BMJ 2010;340:c644 (6 February 2010)

1 pp. 182 kB:


http://www.bmj.com/cgi/section_pdf/340/feb02_4/c644.pdf

On 28 February 1998 the Lancet published a study with the inauspicious title “Ileal-

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 10


lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disor-
der in children” (Lancet 1998;351:637-41) that implied an association, later shown to be
spurious, between gastrointestinal illness, the combined measles, mumps, and rubella
(MMR) vaccine, and an autism-like disorder in a sample of 12 children. The paper has
been much criticised, and the Lancet finally retracted it this week. But why did it all take
so long?
***

Giving Life, Risking Death: Maternal Mortality in Burkina Faso

Amnesty International, January 2010

English version (126 pp. 2.4 MB):


http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR60/001/2009/en/01a1
6002-4f7c-47d9-8a18-9961f1def4b1/afr600012009en.pdf

French version: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR60/001/2009/en/8002d8fc-


be1d-4f8f-a216-3f70f234dd64/afr600012009fra.pdf

More than 2,000 women die in Burkina Faso every year from complications of preg-
nancy and childbirth. Amnesty International calls for better information and services for
family planning, for the removal of financial barriers to maternal health care and for im-
provements in access to care.
***

Reforming country health systems for women’s health

by Badara Samb
The Lancet, Vol. 375, Issue 9712, pp. 354-355, 30 January 2010

2 pp. 47 kB:
http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS014067361060102X.pdf?i
d=3d35b1b5aa0ec416:-354faaf0:1267acfe755:-52011264781882674

The author lists three areas of health systems reform with great potential for increasing
access and uptake of health services by women. Women should be able to access
health care without encountering financial barriers. Women require health services cen-
tred on women. And finally, women should participate more in decision-making proc-
esses related to health systems and health-care provision.

***

Effect of Human Rotavirus Vaccine on Severe Diarrhea in African Infants

by Shabir A. Madhi, Nigel A. Cunliffe, Duncan Steele et al.


N Engl J Med 362;4 - January 28, 2010

10 pp. 238 kB:


http://content.nejm.org/cgi/reprint/362/4/289.pdf

Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis among young children
worldwide. Data are needed to assess the efficacy of the rotavirus vaccine in African
children. From this study the authors conclude that human rotavirus vaccine significantly
reduced the incidence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis among African infants during
the first year of life.
***

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 11


Effect of Rotavirus Vaccination on Death from Childhood Diarrhea in Mex-
ico

by Vesta Richardson, Joselito Hernandez-Pichardo, Manjari Quintanar-Solares et al.


N Engl J Med 362;4 - January 28, 2010

7 pp. 403 kB:


http://content.nejm.org/cgi/reprint/362/4/299.pdf

After the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine, a significant decline in diarrhea-related


deaths among Mexican children was observed, suggesting a potential benefit from rota-
virus vaccination.
***

Manual for the health care of children in humanitarian emergencies

Edited by Lulu Muhe, Michelle Gayer and William Moss


World Health Organization, 2008

106 pp. 858 kB:


http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241596879_eng.pdf
French version:
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789242596878_fre.pdf

The objective of this manual is to provide comprehensive guidance on child care in


emergencies. Existing guidelines, such as IMCI, assume a functioning health system
that facilitates the referral of children, which may not be available in emergency situa-
tions. So this manual also includes the initial management of severe conditions. It was
also realized that existing manuals do not cover injuries, burns, neonatal illness, psy-
chosocial problems etc, which are considered of high priority in emergency settings.

***

Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices


Conclusions of a consensus meeting held 6-8 November 2007 in Washington, DC, USA

by Mary Arimond, Kathryn Dewey, Marie Ruel et al.


World Health Organization, 2008

26 pp. 426 kB:


http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241596664_eng.pdf

This document summarizes new and updated indicators to assess infant and young
child feeding. It is hoped that the indicators will be widely used in large-scale population-
based surveys in countries to assess progress in the implementation of the Global
Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding and to measure the coverage of effective
nutrition interventions in young children.

Malaria

Low-technology cooling box for storage of malaria RDTs and other medical
supplies in remote areas

by Lon Chanthap, Frederic Ariey, Duong Socheat et al.

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 12


Malaria Journal 2010, 9:31 (23 January 2010)

23 pp. 537 kB:


http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-9-31.pdf

The study investigates the effectiveness of an evaporative cooler box prototype devel-
oped in Cambodia for the improving storage of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)
and anti-malarial drugs at the peripheral health facility and community level. The con-
cept of evaporative cooling has potential to greatly enhance access to perishable diag-
nostics and medicines in remote communities, as it allows prolonged storage at low cost
using locally-available materials, in the absence of electricity.

***

Cost Implications of Improving Malaria Diagnosis: Findings from North-


Eastern Tanzania

by Jacklin F. Mosha, Lesong Conteh, Fabrizio Tediosi et al.


PLoS ONE 5(1): e8707 (14 January 2010)

9 pp. 255 kB:


http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=F6698BA
1D43C74A7D898883BC7FFE29F?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.00087
07&representation=PDF

Over diagnosis of malaria contributes to improper treatment, wastage of drugs and re-
sistance to the few available drugs. This paper attempts to estimate the rates of over di-
agnosis of malaria among children attending dispensaries in rural Tanzania and exam-
ines the potential cost implications of improving the quality of diagnosis.

***

Do paediatric drug formulations of artemisinin combination therapies im-


prove the treatment of children with malaria? A systematic review and
meta-analysis

by Florian Kurth, Sabine Bélard, Ayola A Adegnika et al.


The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 10, Issue 2, pp. 125-132, February 2010

8 pp. 194 kB:


http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS1473309909703275.pdf?id
=4d037fefcb72946c:4685d74b:1266b53511c:78c51264527821294

Paediatric formulations of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) have recently been


developed for the treatment of children with falciparum malaria. Compared with conven-
tional tablet formulations, the new non-tablet preparations have shown equivalent effi-
cacy, safety, and tolerability in individual trials. The data of this study provide, for the
first time, evidence for improved management of children by use of paediatric formula-
tions, and support the further development and use of paediatric ACTs.

***

Intermittent screening and treatment versus intermittent preventive treat-


ment of malaria in pregnancy: user acceptability

by Lucy A Smith, Caroline Jones, Rose O Adjei,

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 13


Malaria Journal 2010, 9:18 (14 January 2010)

36 pp. 231 kB:


http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-9-18.pdf

Due to very high and increasing resistance of malaria parasites to sulphadoxine-


pyrimethamine in Africa there is a need for alternative methods to protect pregnant
women from the effects of malaria in pregnancy. This study describes pregnant
women’s acceptability of such an alternative method based on intermittent rapid diag-
nostic tests screening followed by treatment of those found positive.

***

Quantifying the Number of Pregnancies at Risk of Malaria in 2007: A


Demographic Study

by Stephanie Dellicour, Andrew J. Tatem, Carlos A. Guerra et al.


PLoS Med 7(1): e1000221 (26 January 2010)

10 pp. 1.5 MB:


http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000221

http://www.plos.org/press/plme-07-01-terkuile.pdf

This study concludes that at least 125.2 million women at risk of malaria become preg-
nant each year. It contributes to the global understanding of the risk of malaria in preg-
nancy. In 2007, 54.7 million pregnancies occurred in areas with stable P. falciparum ma-
laria and a further 70.5 million in areas with exceptionally low malaria transmission or
with P. vivax only. This marks the first time species specific risks have been estimated
globally for malaria in pregnancy.
***

Tables of Malaria Vaccine Projects Globally


“Malaria Vaccine Rainbow Tables”

World Health Organization, January 2010

MS Excel file (173 kb):


http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/documents/rainbow_table_19_01_2010_detailed_version.xls

Malaria vaccines are considered amongst the most important modalities for potential
prevention of malaria disease and death. Research and development in this field has
been an area of intense effort by many groups over the last few decades. These
spreadsheets represent the most complete publicly available summary of malaria vac-
cine projects at advanced pre-clinical and clinical stages globally.

Tuberculosis

Yield of HIV-associated tuberculosis during intensified case finding in re-


source-limited settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

by Katharina Kranzer, Rein MGJ Houben, Judith R Glynn et al.


The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 10, Issue 2, pp. 93-102, February 2010

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 14


10 pp. 181 kB:
http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS1473309909703263.pdf?id
=4d037fefcb72946c:4685d74b:1266b53511c:78c51264527821294

In countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis, intensified case finding among indi-
viduals infected with HIV identifies a high yield of people with tuberculosis and the yield
is significantly increased if all such individuals are screened microbiologically without
pre-selection on the basis of the screening of symptoms. The authors conclude that
concerted action is needed to develop intensified case finding as an important method
for control of tuberculosis.
***

Risk Factors for Treatment Default among Re-Treatment Tuberculosis Pa-


tients in India, 2006

by Ugra Mohan Jha, Srinath Satyanarayana, Puneet K. Dewan et al.


PLoS ONE 5(1): e8873 (25 January 2010)

7 pp. 214 kB:


http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F
10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008873&representation=PDF

Under India’s Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, >15% of previously-


treated patients in the reported 2006 patient cohort defaulted from anti-tuberculosis
treatment. This study aimed to assess the timing, characteristics, and risk factors for de-
fault amongst re-treatment TB patients. Improved pre-treatment counselling and com-
munity-based treatment provision may reduce default rates. Efforts to retrieve treatment
interrupters prior to default require strengthening.

***

Impact of HIV Infection on the Recurrence of Tuberculosis in South India

by Sujatha Narayanan, Soumya Swaminathan, Philip Supply et al.


The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010;201:691-703 (1 March 2010)

13 pp. 659 kB:


http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/650528

In India, a tuberculosis-endemic country, most recurrences after successful treatment of


tuberculosis are due to exogenous reinfection in HIV-infected persons and endogenous
reactivation in HIV-uninfected persons. Strategies for prevention and treatment of tuber-
culosis infection must take these findings into consideration.

***

Prevention of tuberculosis in Bacille Calmette–Guérin-primed, HIV-infected


adults boosted with an inactivated whole-cell mycobacterial vaccine

by Charles F. von Reyna, Lillian Mteib, Robert D. Arbeit et al.


AIDS 2010, 24 (29 January 2010)

10 pp. 253 kB:


http://www.health-e.org.za/documents/f7ced737aaf8f20d6af048e45315b495.pdf

The authors report results of a clinical trial showing that a new vaccine - Mycobacterium

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 15


vaccae (MV) - is effective in preventing tuberculosis in people with HIV infection. The
DarDar Health Study, named for Dartmouth and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, found that
MV immunization reduced the rate of definite tuberculosis by 39 percent among 2,000
HIV-infected patients in Tanzania.
***

TB/HIV treatment literacy

by Theo Smart
HATiP Issue 153, 4 February, 2010

9 pp. 201 kB:


http://groups.google.com/group/health-education-social-protection-news-
notes/web/HATIP-153.pdf

Appropriate health-seeking behaviour is delayed when people fail to recognise the


symptoms of the TB - and levels of denial are high especially when those with the dis-
ease are stigmatised by a misinformed community. Mobilising communities and indi-
viduals to seek care, prevent infection and take control of their own TB treatment is an
essential part of TB control, and integration of treatment literacy activities relating to TB
and HIV is essential if we are to reduce the burden of TB in people with HIV.

Other Infectious Diseases

Weekly epidemiological record - Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire


5 February 2009, Vol. 85, 6 (pp. 37-48)

World Health Organization

12 pp. 738 kB:


http://www.who.int/wer/2010/wer8506.pdf

 Update on oseltamivir-resistant pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus: January


2010
 Human plague: review of regional morbidity and mortality, 2004-2009
 Leprosy fact sheet (revised in February 2010)
 WHO web sites on infectious diseases

***

Killing a Killer: What Next for Smallpox?

by Grant McFadden
PLoS Pathog 6(1): e1000727 (29 January 2010)

4 pp. 173 kB:


http://www.plospathogens.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=133AB6C8CB22DCB51A9
095EFD957843D?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1000727&representation=PDF

Variola virus has killed more human beings in the civilized era than any other known
pathogen. Even though the disease itself has not been seen for over 30 years, pictures
of its victims still have the power to remind us of why this viral pathogen is still feared.
No civilized person wants to see another smallpox case again in humans, but exactly
what is the surest route to that end? The debate about the potential destruction of vari-
ola virus, for better or worse, is returning to the front page.

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 16


Essential Medicines

Death and Taxes: Government mark-ups on the price of drugs

by Philip Stevens and Holly Linfield


International Policy Network, January 2010

12 pp. 1.7 MB:


http://www.policynetwork.net/sites/default/files/Death&Taxesweb.pdf

This global study examines the latest data on drug tariffs for every country for which
such information is available, and reveals import tariffs on imported medicines, active
ingredients required for drug manufacture, vaccines and antibiotics. Import tariffs and
taxes raise little revenue for governments, the poor are least able to afford them, and
they hamper access to quality medicines. Those countries which retain such policies
should take steps towards abolishing them completely.

***

The Impact of Tariff and Non-tariff Barriers on Access to Essential Drugs


for the Poorest People

The Global Health Council, September 2007

4 pp. 535 kB:


http://www.globalhealth.org/images/pdf/publications/tarrifs_09_2007.pdf

Most developing countries are net importers of pharmaceutical products and many im-
pose tariffs and non-tariff barriers (NTBs) on finished drugs, active pharmaceutical in-
gredients (APIs), and excipients (inactive substances that contain the active ingredi-
ents). Tariffs and NTBs contribute to pharmaceutical costs by increasing the final price
of essential drugs, limiting access for the poorest people. This policy brief describes tar-
iffs and NTBs and the relationship between these trade-related barriers and access to
essential drugs. It explores current efforts to reduce these barriers and proposes policy
and advocacy recommendations.
***

Medicine Pricing Matters

Bulletin of the WHO / Health Action International (HAI) Project


on Medicine Prices and Availability, Number 6 - December 2009

4 pp. 823 kB:


http://www.haiweb.org/medicineprices/29012010/MPM_6.pdf

Taxes on essential medicines target the sick, who are least able to pay - this regressive
policy is the subject of one of the articles in the latest issue of Medicine Pricing Matters.
The bulletin also features a two page spread on medicine price, availability and afforda-
bility issues in four Latin American countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Nicaragua.

***

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 17


Essential drugs - Practical guidelines intended for physicians, pharma-
cists, nurses and medical auxiliaries

Edited by Jacques Pinel, Françoise Weiss, Myriam Henkens and Véro-


nique Grouzard
Médecins Sans Frontières, January 2010

362 pp. 2.6 MB:


http://www.refbooks.msf.org/msf_docs/en/Essential_drugs/ED_en.pdf

The WHO department of Essential Drugs and Other Medicines (EDM) works with coun-
tries, international agencies, NGOs and other organizations to ensure that people eve-
rywhere have access to the essential drugs they need at a price which is affordable; that
the drugs are safe, effective, and of good quality; and that they are prescribed and used
rationally. Designed to give practical, concise information to physicians, pharmacists
and nurses, these guidelines are an important contribution to improve the rational use of
drugs, which will be a continuing challenge in the coming years.

Social Security

Community health insurance amidst abolition of user fees in Uganda: the


view from policy makers and health service managers

by Robert K Basaza, Bart Criel and Patrick Van der Stuyft


BMC Health Services Research 2010, 10:33 (4 February 2010)

32 pp. 192 kB:


http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6963-10-33.pdf

This paper investigates knowledge of Community Health Insurance (CHI) and the per-
ception of its relevance by key policy makers and health service managers in Uganda.
The authors conclude that CHI is perceived as a relevant policy option and potential
source of funds for health care. It is also considered a means of raising the quality of
health care in both public and private health units. But the current ambiguity and contra-
dictions in the health financing policy of the Uganda Ministry of Health need to be ad-
dressed and clarified.
***

Social Security System in India: An International Comparative Analysis

Rupak Kumar Jha and Surajit Bhattacharyya


Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 15 January 2010

21 pp. 233 kB:


http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20142/1/MPRA_paper_20142.pdf

This paper examines selected components of the social security system in India and
compares them with their OECD counterparts. In India the lack of a wide social security
net has serious implications for well-being of aged, poor people who are unable to meet
their old age needs. India’s workforce is largely based in unorganised sector where
pension provisions are mainly of a voluntary nature. The size of this sector is a bottle-
neck in social security provision to the elderly poor in India.

***

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 18


Does Microcredit Really Help Poor People?

by Richard Rosenberg
Focus Note 59, Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), January 2010

8 pp. 346 kB:


http://www.cgap.org/gm/document-1.9.41443/FN59.pdf

This document says that ever since microcredit first began to capture public attention 25
years ago, the usual story line has been that it is a tool of extraordinary power to lift poor
people - especially women - out of poverty, by funding their microenterprises and raising
their incomes. But how well do these individual anecdotes represent the general experi-
ence of the hundreds of millions who have gotten microloans and other microfinance
services? Is microcredit - or microfinance more generally - being oversold?

***

Comparing Food and Cash Transfers to the Ultra-Poor in Bangladesh

by Akhter U. Ahmed, Agnes R. Quisumbing, Mahbuba Nasreen et al.


International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2009

248 pp. 925 kB:


http://www.ifpri.cgiar.org/sites/default/files/publications/rr163.pdf

This study evaluates the relative impacts of food and cash transfers on food security
and livelihood outcomes among the ultra poor in Bangladesh. The programme’s impacts
are evaluated according to various measures, including how well transfers are delivered;
which transfers beneficiaries prefer; how accurately the programmes target the ex-
tremely poor; effects on food security, livelihoods, and women’s empowerment; and cost
effectiveness. The report identifies what has and has not worked in food and cash trans-
fers and recommends ways of improving these programmes.

***

Protecting Africa’s future: Livelihood-based social protection for orphans


and vulnerable children (OVC) in east and southern Africa

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in collaboration with SA-
fAIDS and UNICEF, 2009

4 pp. 320 kB:


http://zunia.org/uploads/media/knowledge/FAO_PolcyBrief1264676725.pdf

With the shift from the provision of social transfers to more comprehensive social protec-
tion characterised by the provision, protection and the promotion of livelihoods, east and
southern African nations have had to make a corresponding shift in policy. Livelihood-
based social protection moves away from handouts to help safeguard children’s access
to livelihoods now and in the future while decreasing aid dependency.

***

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 19


Health Systems & Research

Research and Development Coordination and Financing: Report of the Ex-


pert Working Group

by Pedro Conceição, Sania Nishtar, Mary Moran et al.


World Health Organization, 2010

98 pp. 3.2 MB:


http://www.who.int/phi/documents/RDFinancingwithISBN.pdf

The WHO’s Expert Working Group on Research and Development Financing examined
funding for medical research and development (R&D) and also considered proposals for
new and innovative funding sources to stimulate R&D for diseases that disproportion-
ately affect developing countries. The report shortlists three financing mechanisms: rais-
ing funds by taxes; voluntary donations by business or consumers; and attracting new
donors. But the report has been harshly criticised by nongovernmental organisations
and some researchers for lacking originality and failing to support ideas that disrupt the
status quo.
***

The critical issues affecting the introduction of Health Management Infor-


mation Systems in developing countries in Africa

by Nicole Archangel (Thesis Master Informatiekunde)


Universiteit van Amsterdam, October 2007

82 pp. 442 kB:


http://www.iicd.org/about/publications/the-critical-issues-affecting-the-
introduction-of-health-management-information-systems-in-developing-countries-in-
africa/at_multi_download/files?name=Thesis-HMIS-Nicole-Archangel.pdf

In Tanzania, Mali, Zambia and Uganda information systems are being introduced in
hospitals in the form of health management information systems. But with a lack of rele-
vant research done in these countries about the introduction of technologies like infor-
mation systems there is not much to go by. This research has therefore been done in
support of the belief that a convincing and operational framework for assessing health
system performance is vital for the work of governments, development agencies and
multilateral institutions.
***

Decentralizing Kenya’s Health Management System: An Evaluation

by P.M. Ndavi, S. Ogola, P.M. Kizito, K. Johnson


MEASURE DHS programme at Macro International Inc., USA; January
2010

37 pp. 1.5 MB:


http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/WPK1/WPK1.pdf

To assess the current effectiveness of the district health management systems in meet-
ing their responsibilities, the authors analyze data from a special District Health Man-
agement module of the 2004 Kenya Service Provision Assessment Survey to discern
the degree to which the District Health Management Boards (DHMBs) and District
Health Management Teams (DHMTs) meet norms and standards in the areas of gov-

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 20


ernance and management, human resource development and management, commodity
management, infrastructure development, health care financing, budgeting and man-
agement, and performance monitoring.
***

System-Wide Impacts of Hospital Payment Reforms


Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia

by Rodrigo Moreno-Serra and Adam Wagstaff


The World Bank, Development Research Group, Human Development and Public Ser-
vices Team, July 2009

57 pp. 375 kB:


http://www-
wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/07/15/00015834
9_20090715162549/Rendered/PDF/WPS4987.pdf

Although there is broad agreement that the way that health care providers are paid af-
fects their performance, the empirical literature on the impacts of provider payment re-
forms is surprisingly thin. The present study examines the impacts of provider payment
reforms in 28 countries in (Central and Eastern) Europe and Central Asia. With the ex-
ception of diagnosis-related groups’ adoption in Hungary, the impacts of these reforms
have not been analyzed in international journals.

***

Microscopy Quality Control in Médecins Sans Frontières Programs in Re-


source-Limited Settings

by Derryck B. Klarkowski and Juan Daniel Orozco


PLoS Med 7(1): e1000206 (26 January 2010)

5 pp. 188 kB:


http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action?uri=info%3Ado
i%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000206&representation=PDF

The authors describe the Médecins Sans Frontières programme for monitoring the qual-
ity of microscopy for malaria, pulmonary tuberculosis, and leishmaniasis. They present a
description of the Quality Control (QC) protocol and an analysis over a 3-year period,
the latter reflecting how the QC protocol has contributed to improved performance.

Information & Communication Technology

Internet-based medical education: a realist review of what works, for whom


and in what circumstances

by Geoff Wong, Trisha Greenhalgh and Ray Pawson


BMC Medical Education 2010, 10:12 (2 February 2010)

35 pp. 208 kB:


http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6920-10-12.pdf

Educational courses for doctors and medical students are increasingly offered via the
Internet. Despite much research, course developers remain unsure about what (if any-

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 21


thing) to offer online and how. When designing or choosing an Internet-based course,
attention must be given to the fit between its technical attributes and learners’ needs
and priorities; and to ways of providing meaningful interaction.

***

ICTs for Education: Impact and lessons learned from IICD-supported activi-
ties

by Frans Neuman, Angela Wood, Willem van Deursen et al.


International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD)
November 2007

81 pp. 1.1 MB:


http://www.iicd.org/about/publications/icts-for-education-impact-and-lessons-learned-
from-iicd-supported-activities/at_multi_download/files?name=ICTs%20for%20Education.pdf

This impact study is part of a series of publications on the use of information and Com-
munication Technology (ICT) in various sectors in developing countries. It describes the
experiences, achievements and lessons learned of the International Institute for Com-
munication and Development (IICD) and its partners in using ICT to enhance education
through thirty-two projects and ICT policy processes over eight years in Jamaica, Bo-
livia, Zambia, Burkina Faso, Mali, Ghana, Tanzania and Uganda.

***

Building a Knowledge Society for All


Strategic Plan 2009 - 2011

Global e-Schools and Communities Initiative (GESCI), 2009

79 pp. 2.6 MB:


http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/Strategic%20Plan%2009%20-11.pdf

This publication points out that while transition to knowledge-based economies is pro-
gressing, the gap between developing and developed countries is widening. It highlights
that adequate information and communication infrastructure and the proper employment
of ICTs in education can help to tackle challenges.

***

Cell-Phone Medicine Brings Care to Patients in Developing Nations

by J. Lester Feder
Health Affairs 29, No. 2 (2010): 259-263

5 pp. 119 kB:


http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/reprint/29/2/259.pdf

VidaNET (LifeNET)is a cell phone-based system that sends text messages and e-mail
to patients, reminding them to take their anti-HIV drugs, keep their doctors’ appoint-
ments, and stay up to date on their lab tests. The system also sends messages about
mental health and alerts patients to supplementary resources on a Web site explaining
side effects from anti-HIV medications. Even if people worldwide miss their medications,
however, they are increasingly addicted to their cell phones.

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 22


Education

Heroes and villains: Teachers in the education response to HIV

by David J. Clarke
International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) and UNESCO, 2008

261 pp. 786 kB:


http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001815/181572e.pdf

This is an investigation from the standpoint of the classroom teacher into how school-
based education is addressing the global HIV epidemic. It attempts to examine issues
concerning teachers and HIV in a comprehensive framework, investigate the available
evidence, take stock and make sense of the various conclusions.

***

Special Needs of In-school HIV Positive Young People in Uganda

by Francis Obare, Harriet Birungi, Anne Katahoire et al.


Reproductive Health Program, Population Council, June 2009

38 pp. 871 kB:


http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/2009RH_InSchoolHIVUganda.pdf

The objective of this study was to explore the special needs of HIV-positive young peo-
ple in primary and secondary schools in Uganda with a view to identifying possible re-
sponses by the education sector to these needs. It involved a survey of 718 young peo-
ple aged 12-19 years who were perinatally infected with HIV, in-depth interviews with 52
school officials, and 938 student essays on identified HIV/AIDS themes.

***

The High Cost of Low Educational Performance


The Long-Run Economic Impact of Improving PISA Outcomes

by Eric. A. Hanushek, Ludger Woessmann, Andreas Schleicher et al.


Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),
Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), January 2010

52 pp. 1.6 MB:


http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/11/28/44417824.pdf

This report uses recent economic modelling to relate cognitive skills - as measured by
PISA and other international instruments - to economic growth. This relationship indi-
cates that relatively small improvements in the skills of a nation’s labour force can have
very large impacts on future well-being.

Harm Reduction and Drug Use

Skin on the Cable: The Illegal Arrest, Arbitrary Detention and Torture of
People Who Use Drugs in Cambodia

by Joseph Amon, Rebecca Schleifer, Aisling Reidy et al.

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 23


Human Rights Watch, 2010

93 pp. 3.6 MB:


http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/cambodia0110webwcover.pdf

In this report Human Rights Watch documents detainees being beaten,


raped, forced to donate blood, and subjected to painful physical pun-
ishments such as "rolling like a barrel" and being chained while standing
in the sun. Human Rights Watch also reported that a large number of
detainees told of receiving rotten or insect-ridden food and symptoms of
diseases consistent with nutritional deficiencies.

***

Is the smokers exposure to environmental tobacco smoke negligible?

by Maria Teresa Piccardo, Anna Stella and Federico Valerio


Environmental Health 2010, 9:5 (29 January 2010)

14 pp. 160 kB:


http://www.ehjournal.net/content/pdf/1476-069x-9-5.pdf

Very few studies have evaluated adverse effect of passive smoking exposure among
active smokers, probably due to the unproven assumption that dose of toxic compounds
that a smoker inhales by passive smoke is negligible compared to dose inhaled by ac-
tive smoke. During indoor smoking, environmental tobacco smoke contribution to total
benzo(a)pyrene dose of the same smoker, may be not negligible. Therefore both active
and passive smoking exposures should be considered in studies about health of active
smokers.

Millennium Development Goals

Beyond the Midpoint: Achieving the Millennium Development Goals

by Anuradha Seth, Olav Kjørven, Douglas Gardner et al.


United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), January 2010

175 pp. 1.8 MB:


http://content.undp.org/go/cms-service/stream/asset/?asset_id=2223855

The publication is UNDP’s forward-looking review of the factors that shape MDG pro-
gress, along with the constraints and bottlenecks that have hampered MDG achieve-
ment in many countries. The findings build on MDG assessments in 30 countries that
were undertaken for this review. The report shows that while there has been notable
progress on many targets and indicators across countries, it is clear that much more
needs to be done for MDG achievements to be realized by 2015.

***

Millennium Development Goals update: Are we on target?

Oxfam GB, 2010


17 pp. 1.2 MB:
http://www.oxfam.org.uk/education/resources/change_the_world_in_eight_steps/f
iles/2010_update.pdf

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 24


The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are international tar-
gets for reducing global poverty. They are the most ambitious such tar-
gets ever agreed, aiming to lift some 500 million people out of poverty by
the year 2015. If the MDGs are achieved, fewer women will die in child-
birth, fewer people will die from treatable diseases, many more boys and
girls will go to school and the lives of millions of people will improve dra-
matically. This fact sheet summarizes the progress achieved in meeting
the millennium development goals as of December 2009.

Development Assistance

Budget Support in Practice Series

http://www.gersterconsulting.ch/sites/res_budgetsupport.html

A wealth of new reports and interviews on Budget Support in


practice can be found on this website. A series of field reports
and interviews were written to cover experiences made in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana,
Mali, Mozambique, Nicaragua and Tanzania. They aim at illuminating chances and
risks, possibilities and limitations of budget support in a practical manner.

***

Meeting the Demand for Results and Accountability: A Call for Action on
Health Data from Eight Global Health Agencies

by Margaret Chan, Michel Kazatchkine, Julian Lob-Levyt et al.


PLoS Med 7(1): e1000223 (26 January 2010)

4 pp. 79 kB:
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action?uri=info%3Ado
i%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000223&representation=PDF

Margaret Chan, Director-General of the WHO, and the heads of seven other global
health agencies (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, GAVI, Global Fund to Fight AIDS,
Tuberculosis & Malaria, UNAIDS, UNFPA, UNICEF and World Bank), call for a con-
certed global effort to collect better health data. This should enable countries to better
monitor and evaluate their own progress and performance and, secondarily, allow them
to respond to the increased emphasis on results and accountability.

***

The Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness in Africa: Promise & Per-


formance

A joint report by the Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and


the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD), 2009

70 pp. 2.0 MB:


http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/62/43/42179846.pdf

The Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness in Africa Report 2009 is both an exer-

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 25


cise in ‘mutual accountability’ - assessing what has been done to deliver on commit-
ments to Africa’s development, and a review of ‘development effectiveness’ - assessing
what results have been achieved. It is also intended to be of practical use to political
leaders in looking forward to the key policy challenges ahead.

***

Do Health Sector-Wide Approaches Achieve Results?


Emerging Evidence and Lessons from Six Countries

by Denise Vaillancourt
The World Bank, 2009

132 pp. 894 kB:


http://lnweb90.worldbank.org/oed/oeddoclib.nsf/DocUNIDViewFor
JavaSearch/3D9000182AAFC813852576A9005F141F/$file/wp4.pdf

This paper distils the emerging experience and lessons of Sector-wide Approaches
(SWAps) in the health sector, supported by the World Bank and other development
partners, in six countries: Bangladesh, Ghana, Kyrgyz Republic, Nepal, Malawi and
Tanzania. It suggests that the adoption of a SWAp is not a guarantee of success and
that four key conditions have to be met.
***

Financing of health systems to achieve the health Millennium Development


Goals in low-income countries

by Robert Fryatt, Anne Mills and Anders Nordstrom


The Lancet, Vol. 375, Issue 9712, pp. 419-426, 30 January 2010

8 pp. 112 kB:


http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS014067360961833X.pdf?i
d=3d35b1b5aa0ec416:-354faaf0:1267acfe755:-52011264781882674

This paper lists the challenges faced by the High Level Taskforce on Innovative Interna-
tional Financing for Health Systems and by its Working Groups. The authors conclude
that international institutions should team up with national policy makers to improve the
evidence base for strengthening health systems, increase long-term commitments, and
improve accountability through transparent and inclusive national approaches.

***

Big Push versus Absorptive Capacity: How to Reconcile the Two Ap-
proaches

by Patrick Guillaumont and Sylviane Guillaumont Jeanneney


World Institute for Development Economics Research of the United Nations University
(UNU-WIDER), October 2007

25 pp. 197 kB:


http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/working-papers/discussion-
papers/2007/en_GB/dp2007-05/_files/78515953270128788/default/dp2007-05.pdf

How can aid be most effective in reducing poverty? Some people advocate substantially
increasing the amount of aid while others argue developing countries do not have the
capacity to effectively absorb this aid. Reconciling these positions requires more aid and

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 26


reforms in the way aid is distributed and used.

***

European Commission - Humanitarian Aid: Annual Review 2008

by Peter Zangl
The European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid Department (ECHO),
2009

28 pp. 1.1 MB:


http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/media/publications/annual-review_2008_en.pdf

In 2008, the record amount of relief brought about by the European Commission reflects
humanitarian needs that, unfortunately, are ever-increasing. This document gives an
overview of the activities of the European Consensus on the humanitarian aid allocated
solely on the basis of the needs of the people concerned, not as a result of political con-
siderations.

Others

Snake Bite in South Asia: A Review

by Emilie Alirol, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, Himmatrao Saluba et al.


PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4(1): e603 (26 January 2010)

9 pp. 1.8 MB:


http://www.plosntds.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=1A4242B3EC1905F428DB
389544FE018A?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0000603&representation=PDF

Snake bite is one of the most neglected public health issues in poor rural communities
living in the tropics. Because of serious misreporting, the true worldwide burden of
snake bite is not known. South Asia is the world’s most heavily affected region, due to
its high population density, widespread agricultural activities, numerous venomous
snake species and lack of functional snake bite control programs. The deficiency of
snake bite management in South Asia is multi-causal and requires joint collaborative ef-
forts from researchers, antivenom manufacturers, policy makers, public health authori-
ties and international funders.
***

Hearing the Voices of Children and Youth


A Child-Centred Approach to Complaint Resolution

The Representative for Children and Youth and the Ombudsperson in


British Columbia, January 2010

72 pp. 1.6 MB:


http://www.crin.org/docs/HearingtheVoices.pdf

The report focuses on how to appropriately engage young people in speaking out, how
to ensure children and youth have a voice in matters that affect them. The report fo-
cuses on seven areas where it says improvements can be made, including a better
process to ensure that complaints are heard. “They need to know they have a right to
complain, that it’s OK to complain and there are processes in place for them to do so”,
the report says.

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 27


Preventing corruption in humanitarian operations: a handbook of good
practices

by Roslyn Hees, Marie-Luise Ahlendorf and Stephanie Debere


Transparency International (TI), 2009

181 pp. 5.6 MB:


http://www.preventionweb.net/files/12522_HumanitarianHandbook
cdversionsm.pdf

This handbook offers a menu of best practice tools for preventing and detecting corrup-
tion in humanitarian operations that includes ways to track resources, confront extortion
and detect aid diversion. The handbook covers policies and procedures for transpar-
ency, integrity and accountability, and specific corruption risks, such as supply chain
management and accounting. It is a timely, practical guide to help aid organizations deal
with corruption in day-to-day operations.

***

Approaches to teaching and learning about corruption in the health sector

by Taryn Vian
Anti-Corruption Resource Centre, December 2009

4 pp. 205 kB:


http://www.cmi.no/publications/file/3531-approaches-to-teaching-and-learning-about.pdf

Training and education programmes which deal with the topic of corruption and health
can help change the way people approach their jobs as public administrators or devel-
opment agency workers, and increase transparency and accountability. This U4 Brief
summarises experiences and approaches to educating new and experienced public
health professionals and donor agency practitioners about how to analyse problems of
corruption in the health sector and design strategies to address them.

***

Evidence-Based Decision-Making in Humanitarian Assistance

by David A. Bradt
Humanitarian Practice Network Paper, December 2009

30 pp. 269 kB:


http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900sid/VVOS-
826N8U/$file/odi_dec2009.pdf?openelement

The paper examines the origin of evidence-based decision-making in medical care, its
extension into public health and ultimately its diffusion throughout humanitarian assis-
tance. The paper highlights key concepts in evidence-based practices, examines rec-
ommendations from recent published humanitarian reviews, and presents options to
strengthen evidence-based decision-making in the design, implementation and evalua-
tion of humanitarian assistance.

***

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 28


Woreda Resource Book: Community-Led Total Behavior Change in Hy-
giene & Sanitation

by Ato Belete Muluneh, Andreas Knapp, Simon Bibby et al.


Amhara National Regional State Health Bureau, October 2008

85 pp. 582 kB:


http://www.hip.watsan.net/content/download/2464/14005/file/ETHIOPIA%20WOR
EDA%20RESOURCE%20GUIDE_final.pdf

The resource book outlines 12 key doable and achievable steps, which have been iden-
tified and tested on the ground through a learning by doing experience to help people
change unsafe behaviours and bring about change in basic hygiene and sanitation.
These steps can be customized to fit different circumstances and tailored to community
settings with diverse cultures.
***

2009 Report on the Work of the Global Health Cluster to the Emergency Re-
lief Coordinator

Chair of the Global Health Cluster (GHC)


World Health Organization, December 2009

8 pp. 135 kB:


http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/MYAI-8245MP/$File/full_report.pdf

Since the beginning of the implementation of the Humanitarian Reforms in September


2005, WHO and partners have been working together both at the global/regional and
country levels to improve the effectiveness, predictability and accountability of humani-
tarian health action. This report aims not only to account for the work of the Global
Health Cluster (GHC) during 2009, but also to reflect on the successes and challenges
in humanitarian health that are shaping GHC priorities for 2010

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
Bulletin of the World Health Organization (BLT)
Volume 88, Number 2, February 2010, 81-160

http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/2/en/index.html

IN THIS MONTH’S BULLETIN:

United States of America: Halving coronary deaths; Pakistan: Politics and polio; Thai-
land: Health finance; Bangladesh: Which barrier is best?; United Arab Emirates:
Weighty problems; Uganda: Expiry of essential medicines; Sri Lanka: Health and human
rights; Brazil: Ivermectin for head lice; India: Vaccinations at the right time; Australia:
Preventing pneumonia; Warning lights on maternal death; Why do mothers die?; Who to
believe?
***

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 29


The Southern Sudan Medical Journal Vol. 3 Nr. 1 (February 2010)

24 pp. 810 kB:


http://www.iow.nhs.uk/uploads/juba/html/Journals%5CSSMJ_Vol3_i
ssue_1.pdf

This issue contains the following articles:


 Evaluation of surgical outcome after cataract surgery with lens implantation using air
or viscoelastic to maintain the anterior chamber
 Caesarean sections at Juba Teaching Hospital 2008 - 2009
 Non-severe pneumonia in childhood: guidelines for management in first-level health
facilities
 Evidence-based medicine - searching the medical literature

***

Youth InfoNet 64 – January 2010

http://www.youthwg.org/pubs/YouthInfoNet/YIN64.shtml

This issue of the monthly e-newsletter on youth reproductive health and HIV prevention
features 15 program resources with Web links, and 8 journal article summaries on re-
search from India, Kenya, Malawi, Swaziland, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe.

***

Primary Resources: Free lesson plans, activity ideas and resources for
primary teachers

http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/english/english.htm

This site provides online resources in various subjects


for the primary grade of education. The Internet can be
a great asset to the Primary teacher, not just in the classroom but also a help when it
come to planning. This site is just one of the many teaching resources sites on the
Internet. It contains a bank of free, ready to use ideas, resources, worksheets and les-
son plans.

INTERESTING WEB SITES


Health Systems Strengthening

http://www.strengtheninghealthsystems.be/newsletters.html

The aim of this website is to share expertise and experience on


health care systems with policy makers, managers of health ser-
vices, health care providers and health system researchers. The
website is a product of a network of partners on health systems and the network is
funded by the Belgian government.
***

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 30


GHDonline

http://www.ghdonline.org/

GHDonline is the online platform of communities developed by the Global Health Deliv-
ery Project. GHDonline is where health care implementers share proven practices, con-
nect with colleagues, and find resources they need to improve health outcomes in re-
source-limited settings. Professionals representing 860 organizations across 119 coun-
tries are collaborating in GHDonline communities to improve the delivery of health care
in resource-limited settings.
***

Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse

http://www.un.org/en/pseataskforce/firsttime.shtml

The website includes information and tools on Protection from Sexual Exploitation and
Abuse (PSEA) achievements, documents, videos and links. In addition, the site provides
tailored information and tools to specific target groups.

***

Asia Pacific Council of AIDS Service Organisations (APCASO)

http://www.apcaso.org/

APCASO is a network of non-governmental and com-


munity-based organisations that provides HIV and AIDS
related services within the Asia and Pacific region. APCASO promotes the role of NGOs
and CBOs in the response to HIV by strengthening and supporting the foundations of
regional and national level networks.

TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
E-learning Programme: Clinical Management of Rape

WHO, UNHCR & UNFPA

The e-learning programme is aimed at giving health-care providers (nurses, midwives


and physicians) an opportunity to learn how to provide an appropriate and integrated
package of care to rape survivors in humanitarian settings. The course is a self-
instructional, interactive e-learning programme.

For online access to the course go to: http://iawg.net/cmor/

To download the e-learning programme in English or French please go to:


http://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/pht/womenshealth/en/index.html

The key documents on sexual and other forms of gender based violence in emergen-
cies are also available on this site.
***

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 31


Improving the Quality of Healthcare Services

22nd March - 2nd April, 2010


Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany

Course Content: Practical tools and methods, skills to improve healthcare services in
low and middle income countries, current quality improvement tools, methods and tech-
niques for national and local settings with a special emphasis on managing and motivat-
ing people.

Target Audience: Public health practitioners, medical doctors, nurses, policy makers,
programme/project planners, managers, paramedical staff, social scientists, educators.

Language: English; Fees: EUR 1,500


Entry Requirements: English proficiency

For more information contact:


Natascha Petersen
Tel.: +49-6221-56-5048
Fax: +49-6221-56-4918
mailto:petersen@uni-hd.de
or see: http://www.klinikum.uni-heidelberg.de/ImprQuality.8057.0.html

For more courses and conferences see also:


http://www.going-international.at/index.php?lang=EN

CONFERENCES
Adolescent Girls - Cornerstone of Society: Building Evidence and Policies
for Inclusive Societies

26-28 April, 2010


The New School, New York, NYC, USA

Adolescent girls are increasingly being recognized not only as a vulnerable and margin-
alized demographic, but as vehicles of development. The aim of the conference is to in-
form thinking and practices around key issues and trends related to adolescent girls.
The Conference will create a space for engaging debates and peer consultation among
UNICEF and UN staff, New School faculty and students, academic and research institu-
tions from across the globe, NGO practitioners, and other external experts and partners
for consolidating evidence from a number of perspectives and disciplines.

For the call for papers (deadline Feb. 7th), Background Paper and more Information visit
http://www.equityforchildren.org
***

First Global Symposium on Health Systems Research (HSR)

16 - 19 November, 2010
Montreux, Switzerland
“Science to Accelerate Universal Health Coverage”

Researchers, policy-makers, funders, and other stakeholders representing diverse con-

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 32


stituencies will gather to share evidence, identify significant knowledge gaps, and set a
research agenda that reflects the needs of low and middle-income countries.

The Symposium is structured around two main streams:


Stream 1 - State of the Art: Research
Stream 2 - State of the Art: Research Methods

Abstract Submission Deadline: 30 April 2010


For more information see: http://www.hsr-symposium.org/

CARTOON

TIPS & TRICKS


Improved Google Search

If you use a keyword like “define” in English and search an unknown word you will see
the first definition of the word, with a link to the dictionary from which it came.

In the following example you type: “define prestidigitation” and the result will be: “manual
dexterity in the execution of tricks” from ‘WordNet’ at Princeton University.

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 33


Do you have date and time at hand?

Do you know the keyboard shortcuts for the current date and time in MS Word?

Since these are always handy tidbits to know, here they are:
Alt + Shift + D will insert the current date into your document.
Alt + Shift + T will insert the current time into your document.

***

Download YouTube Videos the Easy Way

Say you really like a video at YouTube - like it enough to want to download it. What do
you do? Bookmark it and come back every time you want to see it? Nope!

How about this: While on YouTube, navigate to a video you want to download to your
computer and up in the address bar of your browser, replace the ‘Y’ in YouTube with a
number 3 and hit enter.

Look at this picture for an example:

You will be taken to the 3ouTube site where you will


have the choice of downloading in MP4 or FLV formats.

Best regards,

Dieter Neuvians MD

HESP-News & Notes - 03/2010 - page 34

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