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  • As Physics Core Practicals

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    Mushfique Ahmed
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    AS Physics Practicals

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    AS Physics Practicals

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme DOCX, PDF ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    1K vues31 pages

    As Physics Core Practicals

    Transféré par

    Mushfique Ahmed
    AS Physics Practicals

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme DOCX, PDF ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 31
    Spoed and aebton of n ob — nts eva bry le. “ray + woe aes Sept Dae age Fe re lcs stingray fy sk for met?) X oa =a Experimental instructions Method 1 — traditional approach using a ruler and a stopwateh Setup the appraus a shown in figure 1 and then it the runway at about 1°, though {hb ie noe etea, However the angle shoud be the same for both meted 1 and method 2. Release the wll ate top of the amp at he toprach and ecrd the ie the ley —_________—__{ aby | Analysis and conclusion (Calculate the average sped of the tale over the Lm distance (ase averge spend = 4). (Gaeta te sccleraton of th olay Between the O ad 0m mark "The wnergeapeed over on a kaon and heer the Gina spec over the 1 econ cam be ound "Th astume uniform acceleration Te iil spest 4) i260 ere ss te taken to wave Deween Cale the aceclertion (2) om a and Im Method 2 ICT approach using light gates, data logger and computer “Measure the wid of your ma Setup the cea In Rowe 2 with me oo pon Hanning pete eg e Place tit ete on te tack te fom the wok. Chance height gt 0 sible tala and compute Sethe logger to cord peed and alow the wy trun dow the ramp. Recor the speed, Iie simple o move the gt ate th mearre the apse a ferns and PC sftce sath we wil depend on Your de ls "Te precise 1 Acceleration Set up the appara shown inf 3, | oie we es ton ‘Set your loggr to record acento, Allow the ally to ram down the mp anc simply reotd the acceleration meaured by the lose 3 lInesignte dhe aceleatio at iferenr points onthe Further work ‘Compare and contr he ditrent metodo messing the sped and scoeation and ‘Study motion wing the nclens CD from Cambie Science Medi "Molina Moto’ Ure the sped see from Paes, Erte nee Te fs xerent sto enstgit the sap wate pth pec ‘trough eatin a fhe at ae a ig the ection tothe Ease. aeeeeh Wiese | fat ant dang eta th tone in oe soe oF venient enor ender 050m) Teengverarmcnnpe toe meet Experimental instructions ‘Setup the apparatus as shown in gu 1 and fo sven water sped (mega he poston Ghand 3) of the water path at sxe of pois long its lent 1 Use wo rte ise ort stand te pot the poston xy) ofthe wae path 2 Use the TV camera and television ce PC to do thi ‘The water path can ten be matted icc oot te fn covering the TV sren with 2 soft-ended washable matter pe. & ‘errr shoul be setup behind the et give he sale ‘Measure the wala of water coming fre te jet per second (V) se the camera ot wavelngmicroncope tometer the ameter of theft and hence ‘este it oral se (4). By Analysis and conclusions (hasan s a sgunse 2 ‘Use the oma ome per second (V) = velo (a) x era rea (A) well the ‘elo of he water comin rm he fe. ‘Un rap i) andthe equation 4 =e, to eaene se graph i) and the ey 128, w canunes (4 = gndiet of eraoh 24? Sauna oe oe as ae am Teicha eel / ie uttered asta koa y "iu Df nate Experimental instructions (Camp tet eg int cm 2 hat he gi vera Balance he bor an the feta (fare 1). The pit on he rar wire tle ith cet fmt of he rom ()- Mas 1 rom on le of ky tape aod x the trom at ‘Now up th appar sho in figure 1B, Ung the sed mane ke hen tong the om nl wt tales. The acta p (Po wich he es Record he mat of he red mate te Roonaan of be sod mass on the pvt 7 and he boreal ate ofthe ene fg of he bom oP Analysis and conclusions dp oc er ere ke nate a ar from pise erat leration of an object Practical 4 The effect of force on the accel inti ai cee mas. he crane | mereenteer= oon | ) (Seem J (ae | Experimental instructions coasand Sof up sour apparatus as shown in awe 1 with pice 0 peage deed benesth te gig mass fae your QED anit 9 measure selon, Camera fo ition by sing th ok aly 0 hat the ley rubs sadly down With no incense fn speed hen there eno frce Ci pentane sain ‘Start with ten of your twelve washers on the ey and he ther wo on the dead npng down, The mun to beacodeated i the mas ofthe trolley and weve washers tude the acelrang foe ie he weight af he to suspended washers (0.2) ‘Allow she ley to cele daw the ak an recon it aceeation~ rep tis reading a ke an average Repent the procedire by taking one wer off he wll and adding i 1 he sepended rather the aceeating fre is ony ON (ame cor ma). Cay uni yeu have Thy ovo waters Lefton the uly, Record the vals of acseting force mis and Analysis and conclusion Dlr graph of ecto en szesa fe Came on the shape ofthe raph and dec he esp bene aeeton and farce Geers track | the harging mss. |. nme scan ofan objec igs ner rack \ aeciemsamarinann assetontena oe oes Rider | Set of loted masses, Tone 5 pyar nga in lenectee fee \ = Experimental instructions ‘he wack wing the pit eve. Se up the igh gms and mearre te with of the mk Experiment 1 restr aceleution. Gen push the wet hepwrinetalaatgeert ‘Brough och item. Record the secleracoa earned by the gue. Repeat the ‘er along he ie so ha it pases experiment 1 check your eels Experiment 2 ithe head he sider an atch the sated mates othe other ead a shown. Wt the timing unit set fo record acceleration allow the masses to fll 0 the ground so accelerating the rider long fe wack Record the acelcation of he rie. Repeat the expeinent fr different acsersing mate. Note: tet mas of the aceelerted system should be kept constant ~ when nas ae removed fom the accelerating st they shou beaded to the sider advice vers Analysis and conclusions Experiment 1 Experiment 2 lel te ioc of the total acclerted mate (mass of er pl hat ofthe scesting mates) and dhe acceleration for each epeton Practical’ Measurement of the acceleration due to gravity (9) Aleck of yong stl be placed beneath the leh gate to tp the righted car [ Cokeertamrearate eee t yr Experimental instructions Setup ite appara ssw ih the Bt es ‘measure acceleration. “1 Measure te vec dare eee he decor of the 90 Bat ete Fld he weighed ccd wih he Neary cd lowest 2 tt above the pig pn op ie nike ard to tates ough igh eso a ee fcr iporit orc theca exalt Kavos te vera. ead the abe of he werion shown on te Repeat expen, tth fo eos dance teva te gc nd nf ange ncn Analysis and conclusions Plot graph of acelrton seit isance and | pyr; Menino ‘comment on yur eeu, ea Ret ea Note we wl ato mss ea ot wg tough we wb wing ect o wep oa ets sing als placed one Hoo {erations T ) ‘Rett of veya nha Aplysia of wer eter eres fee oather sche, Piece ol poet but per ay cate Experimental instructions Lit each ofthe ajo in tam and ty to estinate ter weight in newts (rte mess meek) (Check the weight wing &newoon meter ofthe massing a balnce. For Inge or heary objects, ince theese onthe for rater than onthe beh Analysis and conclusions Record you anwers together withthe cna weighs ofthe bjs (Over what range of weighs (or mates) were your exsmaes mos accurate? ae eet | eeeeeneon a saree Sars eetay | tern athe auton fr nec rey || sara masses, J Gate 5) | Seneca = |e z es = \ (vw et | — tee ey tae Lip and xD ait ves Deel aporge Experimental instructions | Mean te ta asf our te the washes A (0. Fi ight ead tote ey ate the oter end 10 10g mss hanger, Pt the theca ove a bench pally sown inthe diagram, ‘Letao ofthe alley and measure the velocity of he wolly afer the mass hs allen 8 éeance () of exact 0.5m. (Think ofan esy way offing this stance) ‘Astuming ha there no fin Gps enow bu hn of ew ou could make ‘his emery lot het et ei a sl 8 posib): Repeat te experiment foc fe ober et cee mis and nd he eo pind oy be wo me Analysis and conclusions Poe a erp of the potent eer Tost bythe ma relay squared (2), “The gan of the Hoe (SP shold be Yt This should lp you suggest an esuatin for te inet energy of the wl Oe usais Th sm of hi epimers to mea the Experimental instructions Meant de anf onthe Bench and secure a place withthe G cam, a Fix ome thread round the mote spine and attach tothe fon of the soted masse 20 that the maser rest fm the flor Hold the mewe er ‘erica inthe clap so ta iti lore , bt no touching, helped mas. Sat the motsand the opwatch athe sme ime ana unsue th deiner fr he load Gloaed Ins) to de rough 0 Sm. Recor te reajngs onthe ammeter and voteter | fring the ine the oad ring. i pom efor thn one pi of reatings | es eel ieee rte ne Rpt the cpcnet hs ine nd tan eens ft ine en Analysis and conclusion en ee ee eine Sunset inaccuracies in your experiment. Practical 10 Force-extension experiments ‘stove te face | ruber of ee ae a ne Sendo mses shoul be ararged closet the fot. ‘lee of pene shoud plar beveth he aging asi C=. ) 2 tec py sett ages maces + Gene Sruipcelgoertoac emer | | ester ertecs 6 tesa | tae peop tee | iS Experimental instructions ‘Setup the appa as shown in gut | Clamp the copet wire horizontalyaros the beh wit the G cmp nd the 00 rood bes, Puss cover the bench pulley and fx te loned weight te mer nd Make sure thatthe teen scurely clamped to the bench Benes the Hk Incr the Had in smal steps ‘Record hepsi of the mae afte exch lad has ef aed Leave soe ine herecn he ation of further weiss a observe any ng cans Cereal 11 Meashrement of the Young modulus >): Perec || ge ares cc renner ae |. satey of mate ‘Apiece of sponge shots be placed beneath the hanging messes. es Paes Experimental instructions Setup te apf town [— Campa rhe ont horny aha te bench sg te lp and the smo coon Ht) a one te bench pulley afd Tic the slot eight tthe fer end. a2 ano eS oS for eave of meiurement Make sre ta he static end is securely clamped to the bench between the boc. Mearue the eg ofthe cord from he lmped end to the marker (x) and he dmeter (@ ofthe cord using the micrometer, Inereane the od in all eps Record th poston ofthe marr afer exch load has been sie Leave some ie beeen thea offre weigher and observe any length changes te ae cord pest the expen Analysis and conclusion For cach apecinen cleat the crs-actinal area of the cord (1 = 2) and the ‘reson fhe specimen fr en a Pa a graph of kad (Fag eens (A) Be Cateste te Young modulus (6 from the equaon: = Practical 12 Measui rement-of the Young modilus (acéurate’methiod) —ae | \ The si ie epee ye poten shoe wor at of ties ring tht Isto menue e ung vein (osest |_ Aetna ed ah a Spc ong ad ppntusas + Two me des own ne gen + Meronptr ‘length of oper ite abst 4m ne ce of pet pata he oar a sed 4S 2650 dares) cme the sap Stead =e mest pe Syepeteeon Experimental instructions | Manre the danse (fe we ta monber of Fi th mal wie amp eRe Setup te appar os thown nf sng 23} te we ech of at ead the compan | Sie Men he ng wi om te spror Se ae ep te vero “Tae the reading fm the veri sae fran inl oa Incrente he lad by ating snater weight and take the reading ofthe verier once mee Leave some ie between the aon of farther weigh tnd observe any length changes shat tine Contin 0 icete tela in sal steps aking rexdngs should en, Iie empvtnt hat he into Analysis and conclusion | Clete the exosesectins as ofthe wie (4 = BE) aha the extension of te specimen Tocca loud. Po «grap of loud (F) agit exeason[). ‘Caleta the Young modus (6) fom the equaon: FE Err eoaace Practical 13 Melde's experiment (vibration generator) Pe The sir of hi eps to = ect the sgal generator dant tara the voltage inet the standing wore on = |. sotoon ret elcome Hf youre sing trobeicop, ail fequences fetselimuicat nts podieat | | between 1-20 you have potoeptepy oad ) |. etpie to ikon streacope ie eee tte | Elastic cord (white) ‘Bench pulley | a a dees eee ca Experimental instructions Setup the apparatus a shown inde Figure wt the vibaton gsnerator connected to a sgl gener. The Teng (2) of the cot sould be stout =! Oem snd the hes (nm the end few tens of rt. codons and hence nding waves forthe coed in wo experiments (waving the length of te cord ee (4) wstying the asec the cord g eeing the length const. pon Ape age Fr ach vale of tension and eng jst dhe feauency ofthe vibran generator un the cord seit a its fundamental mode ~ tat one 000" (te fire 2) In ‘his condita the lng of he cord See the vibration {zvcratr and the Bench pulley tala waver. “Te frequencies wil probably bein the ange 05-102 ns Analysis and conclu: (9 eucncy gat fd ny ei 7 (=m shown in figure 3 [deny the node and antinade posor. Practical 14 The sonometer trecaretonbren i son agin || epoectnstdbe worn toupee hs | te eens etched we aa 2 ) | en ¥ | | — i | | = tS | i tt | Experimental instructions Setup the Teo experiments shouldbe performed aration of fequency() wth tension (D (beeing the length esa) “The fequeney shuld be found by ting seven of nie forks resting onthe body of he Analysis and conclusions freuncy age the square oot of the tension P) (6) frequency azaost \ctical 15 Refractive index measurement eee 2 Refractive index of solids Using Snell's Law 1 sericea Ptr rot templat Experimental instructions Place the semicicuar boc on the sheet of nite per and dew ound the bck. Remove Dock so tht pases trough he centre of he srg se of de look Phi ine i he noel fo fhe sree ht pot Setup the ry box wo tat = ray meet the imersecton ofthe nora ine and the Bock ‘Mark pot on the incideneray andthe related ry wth pen at any potion outside Rema the Hc, in up the eins show the say dictions and meas the ante of cence ‘ed the ang of cfractin , Alternatively we he protacoe template Repeat he experiment fr number of ifn ales of. ‘Analysis and conclusion Cale the refectve index (forthe Bock using Sols aw = $84) and find the Practical 15 (cont) Refractive index measuremen| Real and apparent depth Shot perth ring on. otal ctw Experimental instructions cee sheet of paper on te table and focus on he wang ing the taeling imcrowcope, Take he reading crn the care etal | Now place the bck on theses of paper an focas on the writing vewed though te Block Take the retin fom te microncope sake. ® 1 may be nscsary to pin «ie Be Bowser on the bles surface. ‘Analysis and conclus Clete the etc index (4) ofthe lok rom eal deh Compas sd cont the aecrsy ofthe nwo method fp nding peer Liquids Real and apparent depth methods ( (wt | guess wate se oon se see paper wih tron purse cag a eneling scope Experimental instructions Take he rein fom the microscope sae [Now fil he beaker wih ne ofthe lige, pice it on the shet of paper and focus on the wen viewed tough te lguid. Take the reading from the mieosope scale () Final focus onthe top ofthe Hau. ‘Tke therein from the scale). Ie may be necessary to spike lite ine powder onthe ids sfce to make ee Yo focus on tute of the beaker unt there pals beens the pen pot and the image ofthe ring when viewed trough the guid “The dance ofthe pens from dhe ligule ithe apparent depth f the imag. Analysis and conclusion Ratdeph —_ dad ‘You should gnare the effect on ts refection of the small deans of glass becween the ‘iguid and the paper. Practical 16 Stress concentrations investigations — polarised light |. sven ototecs ana rein | attonk dette he ear of teh rom he OFF. ret ah “ect nto damage thes plat ofthe OH. (wv rent Toenesol dota avtey frmgumtsipcemsn | Experimental instructions “Theis ofthe experiment wo we wansparent materi to mode the sees in ae Using the OTP pce ane pst of Poti onthe gas. Put the other piece of Plaid ‘on top ofthe fi an ait it ws Ht passes tug them = they are ‘roused ‘with heir planes of pron a sigh anges to each ote. Sich on the OHP and obsers herring para oo sren. Near to the es ofthe ruler you wil ce else patens showing eons of vying es Repeat he experiment wih a¢ many ifeent shapes as fossil Layer of adhesive ape fined toa glade make an interning object o sty Using piece of plythen mn sear polenta ts possible to vary the set by pulling it whi itis between the Pear pees, Bening the rer sao facing. Rocca he (Yomi se: \ | Grates Ti mit | Peta ores) + Lene (5 metas Experimental instructions ‘Setup each ofthe circu and record he readings on the ammeter and vlmeter in table Te meters can be maved rune wthin any ofthe cic Analysis and conclusions plain the sedings obtained inthe experiment ‘What wl be te eng on vlencer 9 bull 8 blows? 4 Wha wil be the reading on voimeter 12 bulb 11 lows? ‘What wl be the teaing om ammeer 11 iu 14 blows? Practical 18 Ohmmeter and the total resistance of circuits =. aca | onmmater rit ton (rca cs) | Experimental instructions the pln Ae foreach ct Analysis and conclusions thing th ome fr ees a pares heck our anes ait the Comment onthe sage of wing on chm uber tan acer, ater a Urata cic + Ted rtng 7 rrowren fine Seotseinimane mee Sauipe my = semen eel rece femnmttosind Apron (eae fa Experimental instructions | Moun he mathe onthe Bench i eer in place withthe § clamp. Fic some tre ound the motor pine nd i tech itp the ook of the done arcs 0 that ‘the masses retjon the Noor. Heid the mete ruler & eral he clamp 0 that itis set, bt ot touching, he eed mes St the tote and the kopmatch atthe sme Sine and meas the tine fc or he ood (doned maces) to ise dough 5m Record the eine on the sneer and meet ering te ne head i. Stop the mete and unwind the thtead £0 that the sate rest on the Moor si. Fee k gat amr tong Repeat te experiment tee times and ge #5 average valu forthe dine tken (9 ise the 0.5m [Now change the input valage and peat the experiment Analysis and conclusion Use your ress to alate the input and urput powers of fe Mowe From these calculate the efieny of the motor for the 140 ales of ngut power Practical 20 The variation of current with applied voltage 3 ‘\ eet ps an IC emi sare apd ohage (3 Hameo] =e, (vont ere coker (0-12¥) NTC their cnc ode pone py (0-12¥) | | + Ammer 0-54 oe | (Gite 0-000 ‘ame eft opt Experimental instructions 42 Set the circuit shown a fgue 1 using he flame ap and ier the multe or ammeter (0-5 A). Tum the power ppl down to its lower value tnd swich on, Meare he cute shown by the miimameter andthe vlogs sow by the volume. Tncrete the volage by 2 smal aut and tate «fer pie of endings ‘> Replace te fament lamp with dade an epat dh expement. Make we tht so keep within the yolage-curentmidone of ip cde. Reves the dd and Imeaste the cent fora vokage af 2 V acos the ode ‘¢ Replace the diode with dhe Ukenistor and repent tht experiment. Make sure tht yo keep win te vltage-cament naons of hp thermistor Analysis and conclusions | or each of ie ae, 6 ad | © loca graph of vgs (ne) apie cuenta (@ eel he estan a fr pols oa yor ar (8) comment on the posible reasons for the vision the resistance actos the ange tf volage that you have mead in ach experimen. Serra ees an that ofa pobre sp ae Hee You wit ee “Vielen of wet pies of Two coxa cps | rent tines of cantante) “en cect ea (tary eon vetage say. voles erate sew page | snmterud pan i) + stpot pie eo oo alae ne Experimental instructions Setup a seit to enable you to messre the esstance of piece of wire: You may find iene the wie to the mete eer (Before doing hs wrap a piece of insane, tape around ther and ofcourse dont ue tlre Ifyou ope the ammeter and Seltmetr meth we the lowest caren in the wire ha you can meas so tha cage [renutnce do the Being effec ofthe current minnie, [Fusing the mulmeter Tease the restance dicly wing the resetence sting. When doing the experiment be are ot 10 the wie coup and sor. Measure the length (betwee the crocidde cps) and the ameter of your sample. Werk out the coes-aecdonal ars ofthe Wit Repeat the experiment for other sunples. Hx numberof difret thickness of wie are abe of the sae mati ke a eric readings and plot a graph of resiance against ‘rosactonal ae, Repent te experinent forthe polyenes. Analysis and conclusions Caceres ch sample, Comment he exemet cure othe essay mean, ,_ RA — po re go THe lenth of estan we eg + yee Goo cps Two mutinetes| Wont fp er {> tater erro ty i Experimental instructions Set up adel as shown Ia fee 2 -Ajat the power supply to give a amall curren through fe wire less than .SA. Thi to reduce hein effec in the wire. Before yu ep the weet the ruler wrap a piece of ‘eric tape ad the let Move te cre ci 3 along the wie and ecnd the potential t= sees of ois, Analysis and conclusions Suggest whete «potter coud be ied and meno the advange hati as oer evil reso Sea Practical'23' Internal resistance of cells ~ patentiometer method = cae naa aes eee iat Be Br Experimental instructions Sciup he cat shown in figure 1 and nd balance point with te key open. Cal this abe ‘iow clone the ich an record te blanc point (1) fra se vals ofthe resance ot the wsiance box ‘Analysis and conclusions ee) See | “The emt of th el ean be found nm the balene pont when the el son ape rut he ouput vliage ofthe power supply i own, Practical 24 Emf and internal feist R ance of alcell — voltmeter and arm. foe Meany en afieramne To dal mutate (fr ue a nee an ont) (ander ein dr wh rn scat + Rosai | Xx Experimental instructions Conne the circu sown in the dag bt intcave the sich open Sekt rositance fom the rexitunce sition Boe ( isc the loud cesance (Cleve he switch anon te cunt end the potent erence values shown by the ro ‘Change the load resinance and spt the mearurement| Rept thi process fr shout en ‘als of lad resins Analysis and conclusions Plots grip of Fags termine th # and + fom the grap, ung the frm V= = J eof fresco sample itn we aa = 1 (Senet comet mn2 0} Mad owctag > teen tempter peti eater (0 \ Experimental instructions ‘Setup the apart a show io the nga, Place the ei bf wie in the healer of cold water and connect int the Whestone bridae circuit as shown. The sansa restr (S) wil probably be between and 100 Measure the sesiance of the ei by lacing the bridge (2eo defen on the aasanete), Heat th water and eblance he bridge for s sents of wemperarres aot every S*in the range 20°C-80°C. Uring the omer simply record te resitance died over the ange ver temperature meget Analysis and conclusions Plo graph of resnnce again temperate and thence determin he trnperetre coffin of resitance (a) fom te fru RoR 242 here ithe eine at O°C, Ry he thd a the temperate cote of resin cea °C othe emperatre diflerence “Practical 26 The resistance of a thermistor \ ) he im of he pret inet hw ye protec sats, the essane ef an TC Heitor cana ih “pleco not opi the Besar he watt 2 tis comet toe “hemdete (100%) ave bom ted with scone ely tepate sor + arateotage power sip 0-6) ~ arene ip pum ad mat atanmee(0=100m4) Set of poertng ete vote (0-65) Anchors canbe atin pace! te sh ft owe py. vine ter Ne ese Experimental instructions | ‘Setup the ect shown a he gram and pie the thir he ene of water src tener ete he epee fe we, he eet shown by te Tuller and te tlug hen by Be vt re sioner sown by he Hew the waren ecard ets of emp, cueh and vohape oy every °C Analysis and conclusions Wok cut he resane of the erin fo ach epee le fad ent “The calion wil be une teohmsnter fie he stance ves ton tected et lta graph of eistance (i) gant temperate (aan) Clete the rat of change of resistance f esitance st four poison your gap Saget the mor seni ange of the thermistor fr wea «temper sensing device ea of i xperrant tee the vl of aged insincere ‘ele fcr ina re once he ites Practical 27 Flow pf electrical charge epi forceps to han the pact mangenat( Vi eyo ‘Pethen mangnate shal sllowed and tai, bye protection sold be won ) “The de voltage must not exceed +40¥. | | we Get opal oe 2 tf pp arngoen

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