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ABSTRACT
The experiment aims to determine the concentration of an unknown Fe(II) solution
by using a spectrophotometer and applying the Beer-Lamberts Law. Iron(II) was reacted
with 1,10-phenanthroline to produce the complex tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II). Five
complex standard solutions were used to obtain a calibration curve y = 0.1946 (x) 0.0501,
relative to a reagent blank, with a correlation factor of R 2 = 0.9954. Using this curve, the
concentration of the unknown Fe(II) stock solution was determined and was found to have
an average of 3.71 ppm or 6.64E-05 moles/liter with a standard deviation of 0.030.
However when pooled together with the other groups data, the standard deviation
increases to 0.180, which might be due to the lower concentration values of group 4s data
set. Q-test showed that the said data set was not an outlier and was still included in the
calculations. Errors might have been caused by the inconsistencies in the cuvette handling
as well as by the limitations of Beers law, like ion interactions, which were not taken into
account.
INTRODUCTION
Spectrophotometry is one of the most
common
instrumental
techniques
in
quantitative
analysis,
wherein
the
concentration of a solution is determined by
measuring the radiant energy absorbed by a
chemical system containing the analyte or
its derivative. It is possible to determine the
analyte concentration with appreciable
accuracy and precision, especially if its
derivative is an intensely colored complex
while the reactants are in the form of
solutions which are colorless or of lesser
color
intensity,
by
using
a
spectrophotometer. (Christian, 2004)
Every molecular analyte is capable of
absorbing
certain
characteristic
wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation
depending on its functional groups. In this
process, the energy of the radiation is
transferred temporarily to the molecule,
2+
(aq)
GROUP II
A. Absorption Spectrum
Wavelength at maximum absorption (max):
509.80 nm
B. Calibration Curve
Concentration of working std Fe(II)
solution: 25 ppm
Table 2.1 Absorbance Readings from
Calibration
Volume of
Concentration
Absorba
Working
of Standard
nce
Standard
Fe(II),
Solution, ml
ppm
1.00
0.5
0.112
2.00
1.0
0.215
3.00
1.5
0.313
4.00
2.0
0.430
5.00
2.5
0.518
C. Sample Analysis
Volume of stock sample solution:
100 ml
Volume of aliquot from stock solution:
10 ml
Volume of diluted unknown solution:
50 ml
Table 2.2 Absorbance Readings from
Samples
Unknown Sample
Absorbance
Number
1
0.188
2
0.204
3
0.190
D. Tabulated Results
Linear equation of the calibration curve:
y = 0.2054 (x)
0.0096
Correlation Factor (R2):
R2 = 0.9999
Table 1.3 Calculated Concentration of
Samples
Unknow Concentrati
Concentration of
n
on of Fe(II),
Fe(II) in Stock
Sample
ppm
Solution
#
mg/L
moles/
(ppm)
L (M)
1
7.54E0.842
4.21
05
2
7.54E0.842
4.21
05
4
7.49E0.837
4.18
05
Average
7.52E4.20
05
0.0095
Correlation Factor (R2):
R2 = 0.9987
Table 2.3 Calculated Concentration of
Samples
Unknow Concentrati
Concentration of
n
on of Fe(II),
Fe(II) in Stock
Sample
ppm
Solution
#
mg/L
moles/
(ppm)
L (M)
1
7.78E0.869
4.35
05
2
8.48E0.947
4.73
05
4
7.87E0.879
4.39
05
Average
8.04E4.49
05
100 ml
Volume of aliquot from stock solution:
10 ml
Volume of diluted unknown solution:
50 ml
Table 3.2 Absorbance Readings from
Samples
Unknown Sample
Absorbance
Number
1
0.190
2
0.192
3
0.191
D. Tabulated Results
Linear equation of the calibration curve:
y = 0.2034 (x)
0.0159
Correlation Factor (R2):
R2 = 0.9997
Table 3.3 Calculated Concentration of
Samples
Unknow Concentrati
Concentration of
n
on of Fe(II),
Fe(II) in Stock
Sample
ppm
Solution
#
mg/L
moles/
(ppm)
L (M)
1
7.66E0.856
4.28
05
2
7.75E0.866
4.33
05
4
7.71E0.861
4.30
05
Average
7.71E4.30
05
100 ml
Volume of aliquot from stock solution:
10 ml
Volume of diluted unknown solution:
50 ml
Table 4.2 Absorbance Readings from
Samples
Unknown Sample
Absorbance
Number
1
0.195
2
0.193
3
0.195
D. Tabulated Results
Linear equation of the calibration curve:
y = 0.1946 (x)
0.0501
Correlation Factor (R2):
R2 = 0.9954
Table 4.3 Calculated Concentration of
Samples
Unknow Concentrati
Concentration of
n
on of Fe(II),
Fe(II) in Stock
Sample
ppm
Solution
#
mg/L
moles/
(ppm)
L (M)
1
6.67E0.745
3.72
05
2
6.57E0.734
3.67
05
4
6.67E0.745
3.72
05
Average
6.64E3.71
05
DISCUSSION
to
measurements
obtained
monochromatic radiation since its
from
linear
phenanthroline)iron(II)
in
Acid
Solution.
Journal
of
Chemical
Education. Volume 49, Number 5, May
1972
[4] Demirhan, N. and Elmali F. T.
Spectrophotometric Determination of
Iron(II) with 5-Nitro-6-amino-1,10phenanthroline. Turk J Chem. 2003
[5]Whitten, K.W., Davis, R.E., Peck, M.L.,
Stanley, G.G. Chemistry. 8th ed.
Thomson Brooks/Cole, CA, U.S.A.
2007. pp. 671-672
[6]Christian, G.D. Analytical Chemistry. 6th
ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. U.S.A.
2004
[7]Harris, D.C. Quantitative Chemical
Analysis. 7th ed. W.H. Freeman and
Company, New York, U.S.A.
APPENDIX
A. WORKING EQUATIONS
M1V1 = M2V2
y = mx + b ( Calibration Curve, A =
bc)
See attached data sheet
B. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
See attached data sheet and excel
sheet