This means overloading of line knowingly or unknowingly which
should be avoided to safeguard the wires by providing Isolators of proper rating.
b.
Short Circuit
b.
When phase wiring gets in touch with phase/neutral/earth, in this
case heavy current flow which in turn burns the complete circuit, for this protection a proper rating fuse or MCB (this gives protection for overload as well as short circuit) should be provided.
c.
Earth Leakage
c.
This is the most dangerous fault which should be protected but
unfortunately least care is taken towards this fault. A leakage of 20 milli Ampere can turn in a fatal accident (very dangerous in case of wet appliances as coolers, pumps, etc.) for this protection a proper earthing and ELCB should be provided in mains or on Individual circuit. Earth Wire- Green & Yellow OR Green. Phase or Live Wire- Red/Yellow/Blue. Neutral Wire- Black. In 3- connection, for lighting loads 4 Core cable must be used in place of 3.5 Core cable at mains to avoid unnecessary heating of cables as load is never found balanced. Earth & Neutral must be kept separate for proper working of ELCB (if provided). Termination at MCB Board must be done by crimping through crimping tool and not by Pliers, which is a normal practice. If possible, ferrule must be provided for identification of Circuit at MCB Board. For connecting the two wires lead in between in line/tumbles must be in place of twisting the wire, which in turn create problem. For earthing a power circuit earth wire should be of same size as phase wire or one size less but never 0.75/1.00sqmm as usually seen in house wiring. At MCB Aluminum Cable or wire should not be connected directly as it give burning of copper contact of MBC. Termination should be properly tightened to avoid heat loss at termination point which in long run burns the Switch/MCB. Provide a 6A 2-Pin connector at every point terminal instead of joining the cable terminals with PVC tapes.
Wiring & Termination
During wiring proper color code should be followed.
a. b. c. d.
e. f. g. h. i.
j. k. l.
3.
4.
Earthing
Wire Size & MCB
selection for Common Wiring
A proper tested earth is required for safety of man as well as equipment.
Resistance of Earthing System must be: Voltage below 1000V Maximum 6.0 (Ohm) Up to 36 kV Maximum 2.0 (Ohm) Above 36 kV Maximum 0.5 (Ohm) For Electronic Equipment Maximum 2-3 (Ohm) *The Earthing may be of Plate Type or Pipe Type but it should have proper arrangement for water pouring as well as a Test Link for checking of Earth Resistance at the Pit itself. Circuit Wire Size MCB Rating Light 1mm-1.5mm 2-6 Amps Power 2.5mm 10-16 Amps Air Conditioner 1.5mm/2.5mm/4m 10A/20A/25A 1T/1.5T/2T OR Geyser m