Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
935
Urban Transportation, Land Use, and
the Environment in Latin America:
A Case Study Approach
Class 10:
The Santiago Metropolitan Area
Latitude: 3256
3417 South
Longitude: 6947
7143 West
Chile
LAC
3,680
Urban Population
86
75
76
76
70
69
10
30
28
94%
85%
87%
12
10
1.4
1.6
1.3
Illiteracy (15+)
Population AAGR (94-00)
National Government
Executive Branch
l
the comuna
l Formally established by law in 1991
Local municipal elections first held in June, 1992
341 municipal governments across the country
l Directly
National-Regional-Local: T, LU & E
Area of Intervention
Government Entity
National
Infrastructure
Construction &
Transportation Maintenance
Regional
MINVU (SERVIU)
MOPTT
Municipal
Municipalities
SEREMOPTT
SERPLAC
Municipalities
Planning
MINVU, MOPTT
SECTRA, MIDEPLAN
Operations
SEREMOPTT
UOCT
Municipalities
Planning
MINVU
MIDEPLAN
SEREMINVU
GoRe
SERPLAC
Municipalities
Development
SERVIU
Planning
CONAMA
COREMA
GoRe
Enforcement
CONAMA MOPTT,
MINSALUD
COREMA
Land Use
Environment
Municipalities
(Cordesan)
The RM
l Six
Provinces, 52 Municipalities
l Smallest of the nations 13 regions in size,
but home to 40% of population
l Province of Santiago (32 comunas), Greater
Santiago (34 comunas), the SMA
(?? comunas)
l 90% of RM population in the 34 comunas
of Greater Santiago
Mediterranean Climate
Warm, dry, breezy in summer; cold winter, with
infrequent storms.
l
Thermal Inversion
Persists throughout the year
Exacerbated in fall and winter
9
Topography of SMA
10
Thermal Inversion
11
Economy of the RM
l
1986-1996
l
l
1985
1996
% Contribution to GDP
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
Ho
Pe
us
rs
in
on
g
al
Se
Pu
rv
bl
ice
ic
s
Ad
m
in
ist
ra
tio
n
Co
m
m
Tr
er
cia
an
sp
l
or
t/T
ele
co
Fi
m
na
nc
ial
Se
rv
ice
s
Co
ns
tru
cti
on
Ut
ilit
ies
In
du
st
ry
M
ini
ng
Fis
hin
g
Ag
ric
ul
tu
re
0%
RM
National
14%
% Change in GDP
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
-2%
1983
0%
Since 1997 Asian crisis, etc. has cooled the national economy:
97-98: 3.4%; 1998-1999: -1.4%; 2000: ~5%
RM unemployment: 1995-98: 6.7%-7.5%; 1999-2000: 10%
Greater Santiago unemployment: ~14% (2000)
14
Certainly important,
but.
Exports account for just
Pacto Andino
17%
EU
13%
NAFTA
20%
MERCOSUR
21%
15
RM Population Evolution
25,000,000
Nation
Region
Metropolitana
20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000
17%
of nation
2000
1990
1980
1970
1960
1950
1940
1930
1920
1910
40%
of nation
16
2.62%
1.97%
Nation
2.03%
1.64%
17
Population: Regional
Distribution
l 1970: 42% of
RMs population
concentrated in the comuna of Santiago and
10 directly adjacent comunas
l 1992: These same comunas account for
26% of RMs population
3% population decline
l Major
Population Dynamics
3,000,000
Population
2,500,000
1970
1982
1992
1998
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
CBD
1st
Ring
2nd
Ring
3rd
Ring
4th
Ring
5th
Ring
Note: Each ring is comprised of comunas within the following approximate radial distance
from CBD (in km from rough geographic center of comuna) - 1st Ring, <5; 2nd Ring, 5<10;
3rd Ring, 10-15; 4th Ring, 25-45 ; 5th Ring, 50-100.
Influencing
Factors
19
14,000
12,000
1970
1982
1992
1998
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
CBD
1st Ring
4th Ring
5th Ring
Note: Each ring is comprised of comunas within the following approximate radial distance
from CBD (in km from rough geographic center of comuna) - 1st Ring, <5; 2nd Ring, 5<10;
3rd Ring, 10-15; 4th Ring, 25-45 ; 5th Ring, 50-100.
20
RM growth expected to
continue to outpace nation
l By 2020
- AAGR 1.75%: 8.8 million
1992-98
5th Ring
1982-92
1970-82
4th Ring
3rd Ring
lWhere
2nd Ring
reside?
- Will recent past growth
trends hold true?
1st Ring
CBD
-4.0%
-2.0%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
21
70 to 74
60 to 64
HH Size
1982: 4.82 persons
3.5 to 5.7
50 to 54
40 to 44
30 to 34
By 2010: 3.7
20 to 24
10 to 14
0 to 4
22
Socioeconomic Characteristics
40%
Poor
Indigent
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
RM
Nation
1987
RM
Nation
1998
23
24
QUILICURA
Eastward Migration
l 75% of Greater
Santiagos wealthiest
residents reside in just 6
comunas
H UECHURABA
VITACURA
CONCHAL
R ENCA
R ECOLETA
L AS C ONDES
INDEPENDENCIA
CERRO N AVIA
QUINTA
N ORMAL
PUDAHUEL
PROVIDENCIA
L O P RADO
L A REINA
SANTIAGO
UOA
EST. C ENTRAL
C ERRILLOS
MAIP
P.A.
CERDA
LO
ESPEJO
MACUL
-Las
Condes, Vitacura,
Providencia account for 54%
-Low income invasions
eliminated by govt. in 70s-80s
-Tiebout sorting, plus
comuna multiplying in 1981
P EALOLN
SAN
S AN
MIGUEL
JOAQUN
LA
GRANJA
LA
C ISTERNA
EL
B OSQUE
LA FLORIDA
S AN
R AMON
L A PINTANA
SAN
BERNARDO
PUENTE
ALTO
Annual Income
(US$1995)
< 3,225
3,225 7,670
7,670 11,655
11,655 18,000
18,000<
26
27
28
29
Land Area
Density
175
400
150
Note: Land Area for 1995 is projection; Population for 1985 and 95 are
based on interpolations (with AAGR from 1982-92 and 1982-98)
1992
1988
1984
1980
1976
1972
50
1968
0
1964
75
1960
100
1956
100
1952
200
1948
125
1944
300
Density (Pop./Has.)
500
1940
600
30
LO BARNECHEA
Q UILICURA
H UECHURABA
VITACURA
CONCHAL
RENCA
R ECOLETA
LAS CONDES
I NDEPENDENCIA
CERRO NAVIA
Q UINTA
NORMAL
PUDAHUEL
PROVIDENCIA
LO PRADO
LA REINA
SANTIAGO
UOA
EST. CENTRAL
CERRILLOS
MAIP
P.A.
CERDA
LO
ESPEJO
MACUL
SAN J OAQUN
MIGUEL
LA
CISTERNA
EL
BOSQUE
SAN
BERNARDO
PEALOLN
SAN
LA
G RANJA
LA FLORIDA
SAN
RAMON
LA PINTANA
PUENTE
ALTO
Annual Income
(US$1995)
< 3,225
3,225 7,670
7,670 11,655
11,655 18,000
18,000<
32
surrounding areas
l Spanish
Plaza de Armas
34
35
The Colonial
City
36
expansions
l
l
l
l
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
in specified areas
Since 1990
(more details in next weeks lecture)
46
47
Land Uses
l Despite
49
Land Uses
(% share of Greater Santiagos Land Use)
Independencia
Health
Vitacura
Offices
Cerrillos
Industrial
Qta. Normal
Residential
Education
Commercial
Macul
San Joaquin
Quilicura
Maipu
Puente Alto
San Miguel
La Florida
Nunoa
Recoleta
Providencia
Las Condes
Santiago
10
20
30
40
50
50
Santiagos CBD
51
52
53
Future Non-CBDs
54
Major Infrastructure
56
Next Time
l Transportation
- Continued
l Environment
l Instruments,
Interventions to date
l The Real Estate Market
57