Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics
tasks
Iwona Nowakowska
STATISTICS
Task 1:
Table below displays the number of days to maturity for 8 short-term
investments. Data are from Barrons National Business and Financial Weekly.
Determine the first quartile for the given data set.
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Interpretation:
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Task 2:
The U.S. National Center for Health Statistics published data on weights by age
in Vital and Health Statistics. The weights are in the table:
Weight (lb)
(males)
age 18 - 24
frequency
120-140
140-160
160-180
180-220
220-260
260-280
3
7
14
5
2
1
Determine the mean weight for the males aged 18 24 years.

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Iwona Nowakowska
Interpretation:
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Task 3:
A city planner collected data on the number of school-age children in each of
12 families. The data are displayed in the table below. Construct a box andwhisker plot for this data set.
number of school-age children
0 3 0 2 3 1 0 4 3 1 0 2
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Graph:
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Task 4:
Professor Weiss asked his statistics students to state their political party
affiliations as Democratic (D), Republican (R) or Other (O). The responses are
given in the table below. Build the relative frequency distribution for these
data.
tasks
Iwona Nowakowska
D R O R R R R
Political party
D O R D O R R
affiliations
D R O R R D O
O O R D O R R
R D O R D O R
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Task 5:
The Bureau of Economic Analysis gathers information on the length of stay in
Europe by U.S. travelers. Data are published in Survey of Current Business. A
sample of 30 residents who traveled to Europe one year yielded the following
data, in days, on length of stay.
1-5
5 - 10
10 - 20
20 - 30
30 - 40
40 - 60
2
3
7
12
4
2
Determine the middle length of stay in Europe by U.S. travelers.

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Iwona Nowakowska
Interpretation:
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Task 6:
The Energy Information Administration collects data on residential electric
energy consumption. Results are published below.
electric energy consumption
number of
homes
(
)
2 - 4]
6
4-6
10
6-8
30
8 - 10
40
10 - 12
10
12 - 14
4
Is it true that the mode of electric energy consumption is greater than the
mean value of this variable? Prove your answer.
Determine the kind of skewness for above data.
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Iwona Nowakowska
Conclusions:
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Task 7:
The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences states that
the recommended daily allowance of iron is 18 mg for adult under the age of
50. The amounts of iron intake (in milligrams) during a 24-hour period for
some people are below.
(mg)
10,5
12
14
15,5
16
17,5
18
19,5
20
5
9
14
16
28
30
42
26
3
Is it true that 25% of the population has daily allowance of iron at least 14mg?
Give the proper proof of your answer.
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Conclusions:
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Iwona Nowakowska
Task 8:
Data on starting salaries for college graduates are provided by The
Northwestern Endicott-Lindquist Report. A population of 1200 Management
graduates yielded the following starting annual salaries (data are in thousands
of dollars):
20
22
25
27
29
31
32
22
25
27
29
31
32
35
5
15
35
20
10
10
5
Determine the upper quartile value for 75% of the population asked about the
starting salaries.
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Interpretation:
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Task 9:
A car salesman keeps track of the number of cars she sells per week. The
number of cars she sold per week last year are as follows:
1 0 3 3 2 1 0 4 2 3 4
2 0 1 2 3 0 3 5 1 0 2
Determine values for all quartiles and give the proper interpretations.
6
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Iwona Nowakowska
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Interpretation:
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Task 10:
A research physician conducted a study on the ages of people with diabetes.
The following data were obtained for the ages of a sample of some diabetics.
Construct a typical area of variation for the given data set.
(years)
6
10
30
40
50
60
10
30
40
50
60
80
1
5
10
15
25
10
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tasks
Iwona Nowakowska
Interpretation:
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Task 11:
A small construction company employs 8 bricklayers. The number of days each
employee misses is recorded. Absence records for the past year are as follow:
2 3 6 5 3 2 6 7
Is the employee absence statistically significant or insignificant ? Prove your
answer.
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Conclusions:
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Task 12:
The exam scores for the students in an introductory statistics class are as
follow:
scores
number
of
students
below 30
30 - 40
40 - 50
50 - 60
60 - 80
above 80
2
10
25
35
40
10
tasks
Iwona Nowakowska
Determine the appropriate measure of central tendency for the given variable
with taking into account the variability.
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Conclusions:
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Task 13:
A farmer wants to know the middle value of his oat yields. Having his
observations displayed on the histogram help him to find this value.
number of farms
oat yield (bushels)
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Iwona Nowakowska
Conclusions:
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Task 14:
Examinations scores
number of
students
examinations scores midpoints
Determine the coefficient of variation for the examinations scores.

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Iwona Nowakowska
Conclusions
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Task 15:
The histogram below shows the level of cholesterol (in mg per dl) of 200
people. How many people have a level of cholesterol between 205 and 210 ?
What can we say about the skewness of the distribution for cholesterol level? Is
it true that more people have the cholesterol level above the mean ? Prove
your answer. Determine the proper measures.
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Iwona Nowakowska
Conclusions:
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Task 16:
In a group of 50 students we tested the exam scores and the values of quartiles
were obtained:
What can we say about the variability? Is the dispersion statistically significant
or not ?
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Conclusions:
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Task 17:
Adam and Eve were writing test on statistics in two different groups.
The result of Adam was 20 points (in his group the average was 17 points and
the standard deviation 2 points).
Eve received 10 points (in her group the average was 8,5 points with the
standard deviation 1 point).
Who of them received a better result? Prove your answer.
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Conclusions:
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Iwona Nowakowska
Task 18:
In the table below, each point
represents one persons answers to
questions about annual income and education.
participant
income
years of
of the
(thousand $) education
survey
1
125
19
2
100
20
3
40
16
4
35
16
5
41
18
6
29
12
7
35
14
Determine the direction and strength of the correlation for the given variables.
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Conclusions:
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Iwona Nowakowska
Task 19:
Having the correlation distribution:
number of study hours
10
number of sleeping hours
10
- what can we say about the relation between the study hours and sleeping
hours?
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Conclusions:
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Iwona Nowakowska
Task 20:
The correlation distribution is given:
years
since PhD
number of
publications
3
6
3
8
9
6
16
10
2
5
5
6
7
11
18
18
3
2
17
11
6
38
48
9
22
30
21
10
27
37
A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to

examine the relationship between a faculty members
number of years of experience and his or her number of
peer-reviewed publications. There was a significant
positive correlation between the time since a faculty
member received his or her Ph.D. and his or her number
of publications because Pearson correlation coefficient
value was
.
Indicate the influence of independent variable on
dependent variable.
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Conclusions:
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Iwona Nowakowska
Task 21:
Having the data below determine the strength of the correlation for
and
1
2
-3,7
-2,3
13,69
5,29
3
5
-1,7
0,7
2,89
5
6
0,3
1,7
2,89
6
6
1,3
1,7
1,69
8
7
3,3
2,7
10,89
7,29
9
7
4,3
2,7
18,49
7,29
6
5
1,3
0,7
1,69
0,49
4
3
-0,7
-1,3
1,69
3
1
-1,7
-3,3
2,89
10,89
2
1
-2,7
-3,3
7,29
47
43
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Conclusions:
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Task 22:
Having the data below determine the strength of the correlation for
and
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Iwona Nowakowska
Conclusions:
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Task 23:
Suppose that 5 students were asked their high school GPA
average) and their College GPA, with the answers as follow:
Student
HS GPA
College GPA
A
3.8
2.8
B
3.1
2.2
C
4.0
3.5
D
2.5
1.9
E
3.3
2.5
(grade point
Is high school and college GPA related according to this data? Use Spearman
correlation coefficient to answer the question.
A
B
C
D
E
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Conclusions:
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tasks
Iwona Nowakowska
Task 24:
Compute the value of the Spearman correlation coefficient from the following
table:
Glucose
Age
Level
1
45
99
2
21
65
25
79
42
75
57
85
45
85
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Conclusions:
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Task 25:
We have the data on height (in inches) and hand span (in centimeters) for 27
students enrolled in Math Course.
For the correlation distribution, the Pearson correlation coefficient value is
0,746. Determine the coefficient of determination and give the proper
interpretation of this measure.
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Conclusions:
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18
tasks
Iwona Nowakowska
Task 26:
At the Big Rock Insurance Company branch office, a pool of six secretaries work
under two different managers. At the end of the year, both managers are asked
to rank the secretaries. A rank of 1 means best secretary. Determine the
measure of correlation having data:
secretary
Manager A rank
Manager B rank
3
1
5
3
2
6
1
2
6
5
4
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Conclusions:
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Task 27:
Insurance Company did a study of per capita income and volume of insurance
sales in five cities. The volume of sales in the cities was ranked, with 1 being the
largest volume. The per capita income was rounded to the nearest thousand
dollars.
city
Volume of Insurance Sales Rank
Per Capita Income (in $1000)
1
5
17
2
1
11
3
3
16
4
2
12
5
4
15
Use a rank of 1 for the highest per capita income to determine Spearman rank
coefficient.
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Iwona Nowakowska
1
2
3
4
5
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Conclusions:
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Task 28:
A group of 4 cadets selected at random were given a flying aptitude test before
they went to flight training test. After graduation from training school, their
commanding officer ranked each cadet according to his or her flying ability
(highest ranks means greater ability). The results were:
cadet
aptitude score
performance rank
1
520
4
2
390
1
3
480
2
4
750
3
Using a rank of 1 for the lowest aptitude score, find Spearman rank coefficient.
1
2
3
4
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Conclusions:
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tasks
Iwona Nowakowska
Task 29:
Check if there is a correlation between the education and
cigarettes smoked a day, having the data:
number of cigarettes
Education
smoked a day
primary
primary
vocational
secondary
higher
higher
number of
15
12
13
10
8
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Conclusions:
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Task 30:
Some students claim they can tell the cost of textbook just by looking at its
thickness. To test this claim they picked six books of the same height and width
at random. The cost and thickness relation is:
thickness (cm)
cost ($)
Draw a scater diagram.
empirical data.
1
2
0,5
1,5
3
5
7
4
9
10
Find the equation of the best fitting line to the
21
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Iwona Nowakowska
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(cm)
1
2
0,5
1,5
3
($)
5
7
4
9
10
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Conclusions:
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Iwona Nowakowska
Task 31:
The sociologist is interested in the relation between number of job changes and
annual salary (in thousands of dollars) for people living in the USA. A sample of
7 people provided the following information:
number of job changes
4
5
6
1
3
salary (in $1000)
33
34
35
32
33
Determine the equation of theoretical regression line for the given data and
interpret the slope .
4
5
6
1
3
33
34
35
32
33
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Conclusions:
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Task 32:
Modern medical practice tells us not to encourage babies to eat not to become
too fat. Medical research indicates that there is a positive correlation between
the weight ( ) of a 1-year-old baby and the weight ( ) of a mature adult (30years-old). A random sample of medical files produced the following
information for some females:
21
25
24
20
15
125
125
120
130
120
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tasks
Iwona Nowakowska
Can you predict the weight at 30 years of old woman if as a 1 year baby her
weight was 20 lb using a best fitting line equation ?
Find the standard error of this estimate.
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Conclusions:
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Task 33:
Dorothy sells life insurance for the Prudence Insurance Company. She sells
insurance by making visitors to her clients homes. Dorothy believes that the
number of sales should depend to some degree on the number of visits made.
For the past several years she kept careful records of the number of visits ( )
she made each week and the number of people ( ) who bought insurance that
week. For a random sample of 5 such weeks, the values for and follows:
11
3
13
5
15
5
20
6
14
5
On a week in which Dorothy made 18 visits, how many people would you
predict would buy insurance from her? Use the least square line for prediction.
24
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Iwona Nowakowska
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Conclusions:
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Task 34:
The following data are based on information from the book Life in Americas
Small Cities:
percentage of those 25 years or older with 4 or more years of collage
per capita income in thousands of dollars
Regarding the and values we obtain:
% ,
,
,
In a small city where x=20 percentage of the population 25 years or older who
have had 4 or more years of college, what would the least-square equation
forecast for - per capita income ?
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Conclusions:
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Iwona Nowakowska
Task 35:
The newspaper reported the following information about the random
variables:
per capita income and
per capita retail sales (both in
thousands dollars):
,
,
,
Suppose you plan to open a retail store in a city where the per capita income is
9,5 thousand dollars. What does the regression line equation forecast for per
capita retail sales ?
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Conclusions:
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Task 36:
The number of workers on an assembly line varies to the level of absenteeism
on any given day. In a random sample of production output from several days
of work, the following data were obtained:
- number of workers
3
5
0
2
1
;
absent from assembly line
- number of defects
16 20 9 12 10
standard error
coming off the line
On a day when four workers are absent from the assembly line, what would be
the number of defects coming off the line?
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Conclusions:
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tasks
Iwona Nowakowska
Task 37:
Having the data on the graph below, determine the influence of intelligence
quotient (IQ) on the test scores.
What can you say about the utility of the
regression equation for making predictions ?
S
C
O
R
E
S
IQ
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Conclusions:
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Task 38:
cat generation influence on the life expectancy
life
expectancy
(years)
generation
What life expectancy can we expect for a cat in the eighth generation?
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Conclusions:
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27
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Iwona Nowakowska
Task 39:
The correlation table is given:
number of jobs
24 - 26
10
10
26 - 28
10
20
age
Check if there is a correlation between the variables

jobs.
age and
number of
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deviations
table
10
10
10
20
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Conclusions:
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28
tasks
Task 40:
The correlation table is given:
price ( 100s)
40 - 80
Iwona Nowakowska
80 - 120
car age
2 - 4
4 - 6
5
10
10
-
Check if there is a correlation between the price and car age.
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deviations
table
10
10
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Conclusions:
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29
tasks
Task 41:
The table with data for the variables
Y
0
Iwona Nowakowska
and
2
is given:
4
10
-
20
-
X
1
2
3
4
10
10
Check if there is a correlation between the variables and , where:

- years of study ,
- number of failed exams
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deviations
table
30
tasks
Iwona Nowakowska
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Conclusions:
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Task 42:
The table gives the annual income value of Brase Company between 1995 and
2000.
year
$ (millions)
1
2
3
4
5
6
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
1995 = 100
1999 = 100
46
47
48
48,5
49
48,2
Determine all one base indexes where 1995 = 100 and 1999 = 100
Give the interpretation of the value
for the base 1999.
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Conclusions:
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Iwona Nowakowska
Task 43:
The time series below shows the price of the Super Sandwich between May
and October 2010:
(PLN)
1
May
9
2
June
8
3
July
10
4
August
12
5
September
12
6
October
10
Determine all chain indexes .
Give the interpretation of the value
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Conclusions:
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Task 44:
The time series below shows the price of the Super Sandwich between May and
October 2010:
(PLN)
1
2
3
4
5
6
May
June
July
August
September
October
9
8
10
12
12
10
Determine the
average
sandwich price
in the given
months.
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Iwona Nowakowska
Task 45:
The time series shows the plane tickets prices from Lodz to Paris:
1
2
3
4
5
6
(2008)
7 October
8 October
9 October
10 October
11 October
12 October
(PLN)
348
380
420
399
520
490
Determine the average plane

tickets price from Lodz to Paris
between 7 October and
12 October, 2008
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Task 46:
The time series below gives us the value of money gathered by the celebrities
for charity ($ millions ) in the years 2002 2010:
t
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
12,9 12,8 11,3 10,6
9,2
9,8
12,3 12,3 13,6
Determine the average value of the variable Y between 2002 2010 and give
the interpretations for the values:
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Iwona Nowakowska
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Task 47:
The dynamic indexes are given:
in/0
in/0
(year)
2005
245
1
2006
275
1,12
2007
285
1
2008
250
in/0
in/n-1
---1,12
Fill in all gaps by missing index numbers.
Task 48:
The time series below gives a cost of a weekly stay in the clinic (in thousand
PLN)
(year)
2006
8
2007
10
2008
12
2009
12,5
2010
14
Determine the average growth rate of the cost of a weekly stay in the clinic.
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Conclusions:
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Iwona Nowakowska
Task 49:
The price of laptops produced by firm LoNg LiFe increased of 25 % in 2012 in
comparison with the year 2008. As a consequence, in the year 2012 the
quantity of sold laptops decreased of 18,8 percentage, taking into account the
year 2008. Determine the percent of change of the production value for
laptops produced by LoNg LiFe company.
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Conclusions:
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Task 50:
The value of sold coffee makers decreased of 3,9 % in comparison with the
previous month but the price of coffee makers increased of 5,5 %.
How the quantity of sold coffee makers were changed?
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Conclusions:
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Task 51:
The value of sold goods produced by the company WIND increased of 12, 2 % in
comparison with the previous quarter but the prices of the goods decreased of
1,5 %. How the quantity of sold goods were changed?
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Conclusions:
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35
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Iwona Nowakowska
Task 52:
Make a comprehensive analysis of time series below:
(
ice-cream sales (tonnes) )

March
April
May
June
9,1
10,6
11,5
13,8
Using the least square criterion estimate the parameters of the proper trend
function. What kind of ice-cream sales can we expect in July?
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Task 53:
Based on data below make a comprehensive analysis of price dynamics,
quantity and value of all grocery products per capita in Poland in 2011 relative
to the base year 2010.
price (PLN)
quantity
product
unit
2010
2011
2010
2011
eggs
carton
5,5
6,0
60
50
butter
250 grams
3,9
3,9
70
65
meat
kilogram
17
19
30
35
/pork/
milk
litre
1,8
2,3
120
140
bread
loaf
2,2
2,0
150
150
Do not forget to make conclusions taking into account Fisher ideal index.
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Iwona Nowakowska
Task 54:
The following table reports prices and usage quantities for two items in 2004
and 2006.
Quantity
Unit price ($)
2004
2006
2004
2006
Item
A
1 500
1800
7,5
7,75
B
2
1
630
1 500
Describe price change for each item in 2006 using 2004 as the base period and
the price change for two items simultaneously. Use all possible index numbers.
Interpret Fisher ideal index.
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Task 55:
The probability distribution is given:
Determine all the numerical parameters for the random variable described
by the above function with the proper value of the parametr .
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Conclusions:
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37
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Iwona Nowakowska
Task 56:
The probability distribution of X, the age of a randomly selected students is
given:
x
(age)
19
0,250
20
0,375
21
0,250
27
0,125
Express the mean age of the students in terms of probability distribution of the
random variable X.
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Task 57:
A factory manager collected data on the number of equipment breakdowns per
day. From those data, he derived the probability distribution shown in the table
below. W denotes number of breakdowns on a given day:
W
0
0,80
1
0,15
2
0,05
On average, how many breakdowns occur a day?

What is the standard deviation value?
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38

Descriptive Statistics - Tasks (Example) - 1

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Descriptive Statistics - Tasks (Example) - 1

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Determine the mean weight for the males aged 18 24 years.

Determine the middle length of stay in Europe by U.S. travelers.

oat yield (bushels)

examinations scores midpoints

Determine the coefficient of variation for the examinations scores.

number of sleeping hours

A Pearson correlation coefficient was computed to

Check if there is a correlation between the variables

Check if there is a correlation between the price and car age.

Check if there is a correlation between the variables and , where:

for the base 1999.

Determine the average plane

Fill in all gaps by missing index numbers.

ice-cream sales (tonnes) )

On average, how many breakdowns occur a day?

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