Table of Contents

Introduction................................................................................. 2
Objectives.................................................................................... 2
Instrument................................................................................... 2
Standard Operation Procedure......................................................3
Results and Discussion................................................................11
Conclusion.................................................................................. 14

Introduction
Lathe machine is a machine tool which spins a block of materials
.The operations of lathe machine such as cutting, sanding, knurling,
drilling or deformation with tools that are applied to the work piece to
create an object which has symmetry about an axis or rotation. Lathe
machine usually use in wood turning, metal working, metal spinning and
glass working.
The main function of the lathe machine is to produce a high quality
surface finish of work piece. So the geometrical test is very important to
make sure that the lathe machine in good accuracy and condition before
the production occur. The great accuracy of machine can produce a best
product from it.

Objectives

Test the accuracy of the main spindle and alignment of the

important part of the machine

Check the straightness of slideways( longitudinal and transverse)
Check the parallelism of tailstock guides (horizontal and vertical)
Check the squareness of the transverse movement of cross slide to

spindle axis
Check the measurement of periodic axial slip.
Measure the run-out of the axis of work spindle taper.

Instrument

Dial gauge
Test mandrel
Flat disc or straightedge
2

Standard Operation Procedure

G1.

Checking of straightness of the slideways

a) Longitudinal check: straightness of slideways in the vertical plane.

I.
II.

The precision level was placed in the transverse slide as shown in figure below.
The measurement was taken on position equally distributed throughout the length
of the bed.

b) Transverse check: slideways should be in the same place.

I.
The precision level was placed transversely on the slideways as shown in the
II.

figure below
The measurement was taken at a number of positions equally spaced along the
length of the slideways.

G3. Checking the parallelism of tailstock guides to carriage movements

a) In a horizontal plane
I.
The dial gauge was placed on the side of the tailstock as shown in figure below.
II.
The tailstock was locked as under working conditions before taking the
III.

measurement.
The readings were taken when they are moved together. The tailstock sleeve is
remaining locked so that the dial gauge fixed on the carriage always touched the
same point.

b) In vertical plane
I.
The same procedure as G3(a) was repeated except the position of the dial gauge
was changed to top of the tailstock as shown in the figure below.

G5.
I.

Measurement of run-out of spindle nose

The chuck of the lathe machine was removed before the test can be done.
3

II.

The dial gauge was placed perpendicular to the taper surface for the case of
tapered spindle nose.
The measurement was taken and recorded while manually spinning the spindle

III.

nose.

G6.

Measurement of run-out of the axis of work spindle taper

a) Measured at the spindle nose

I.
The dial gauge was placed near the spindle nose.
II.
The measurement was taken and recorded.
b) Measured at a distance equal to Da/2 of max 300 from the spindle nose
I.
The position of dial gauge was changed to the distance of 150 from the spindle
nose.
The reading was taken and recorded.

II.

G8.
I.
II.

Measurement of run-out of centre

The dial gauge was placed perpendicular to the taper surface of the head
centre.
The reading taken was divided by cos , which being half the included angle
of taper.

G9.

Checking of parallelism of the axis of the tailstock sleeve to the carriage

movement

a) In the horizontal plane

I.
The dial gauge was placed on the side of the tailstock.
II.
The reading was taken by going upwards and frontwards.
4

b) In the vertical plan

I.
The same procedure as G9(a) was repeated by changing the position of the dial
gauge to the top of the tailstock.
II.

The readings was taken and recorded.

G11.

Measurement of the difference in height between headstock and tailstock

centres
I.

The reading was taken at the extremities of the test mandrel with the tail stock
sleeve withdrawn and locked as under normal working conditions.

II.
III.

The tailstock was locked.

The dial gauge was positioned as below.

G13. Checking the squareness of the transverse movement of the cross slide to
spindle axis
I.

The flat disc was placed in front of the spindle

II.

The dial gauge was positioned on the spindle.

III.

The reading was recorded.

G14. Measurement of periodic axial slip due to camming of each thrust bearing
5

I.
II.

The dial gauge was placed at the end of the lead screw.
The reading was taken and recorded.

Results and Discussion

*Note: all readings are in mm

G3.

Checking the parallelism of tailstock guides to carriage movements

Reading 1

Reading 2

Reading 3

A (horizontal plane)

0.02

0.021

0.02

B (vertical plane)

0.01

0.015

0.021

G5.

G8.

G11.

Measurement of run-out of spindle nose

Reading 1

Reading 2

Reading 3

0.038

0.04

0.04

Measurement of run-out of centre

Reading 1

Reading 2

Reading 3

0.13

0.16

0.20

Measurement of the difference in height between headstock and tailstock

centers
Reading 1

Reading 2

Reading 3

0.1

0.14

0.15

G13. Checking the squareness of the transverse movement of the cross slide
to spindle axis
7

 The taken value is 0.02/300

Direction value of error 90
Reading 1

Reading 2

Reading 3

0.01

0.01

0.01

G14. Measurement of periodic axial slip due to camming of each thrust

bearing
Reading 1

Reading 2

Reading 3

0.09

0.085

0.082

After finished the entire related geometrical test on the lathe machine, we
found out that this machine is totally out of tolerance and maintenance. This is
probably due to the equipment is quite old and for learning purpose only. Since
the machine havent been serve as industrial purpose, therefore the machine is
totally out of permissible tolerance in most of the categories of geometrical test.

Conclusion
Based on the data and result collected, we can assume that this machine
should be rejected. Almost all the geometrical test done on this machine have
failed or out of permissible tolerance. Therefore, we can say that this machine can
only serve learning purpose which doesnt required accurate dimension. As for
industrial purpose which required an accurate dimension, this machine should be
replaced.