Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Users Manual
910-264-EN Revision G
June 2011
Table of Contents
1. Preface .......................................................................................................... 13
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
13
14
15
15
15
16
16
Table of Contents
iii
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
19
19
20
20
21
21
21
23
24
24
25
25
26
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
iv
Powering Up ..............................................................................................................
The EPOCH XT Keypad ...........................................................................................
4.2.1
Adjustment Using Enter and Slewing Keys ...............................................
4.2.2
Direct Access Adjustment Using Parameter and F Keys ..........................
4.2.3
Direct Entry of Parameter Values .................................................................
Summarizing Keypad Functions ............................................................................
Display Arrangement ...............................................................................................
4.4.1
Full-Screen Display ........................................................................................
4.4.2
Split-Screen Display .......................................................................................
4.4.3
Display Flags and Markers ...........................................................................
Menu Navigation ......................................................................................................
Instrument Setup Menu ...........................................................................................
4.6.1
General Tab .....................................................................................................
4.6.2
Editable Parameters (EditPara) Tab .............................................................
4.6.3
Status Tab .........................................................................................................
4.6.4
Owner Information Tab .................................................................................
Display Setup Menu .................................................................................................
4.7.1
Color Tab .........................................................................................................
4.7.2
A-scan Tab .......................................................................................................
Measurement Setup Menu .......................................................................................
4.8.1
EPOCH XT Measurements ...........................................................................
4.8.2
Meas Tab ..........................................................................................................
4.8.3
Gates Tab .........................................................................................................
4.8.4
Options Tab .....................................................................................................
Table of Contents
27
27
28
28
29
29
37
37
38
39
41
42
43
44
46
46
47
48
49
53
54
57
59
61
63
64
65
65
66
67
67
67
68
69
69
70
70
Reject ...........................................................................................................................
Peak Memory .............................................................................................................
Peak Hold ...................................................................................................................
Display Freeze ...........................................................................................................
71
72
73
74
7. Gates ............................................................................................................. 75
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
75
76
76
76
77
78
80
81
81
81
82
82
83
83
118
119
119
120
137
139
140
143
145
145
146
149
vi
Table of Contents
151
153
153
154
155
156
161
163
164
165
165
166
169
170
173
173
174
179
180
180
181
181
185
185
186
187
187
188
193
193
195
195
196
197
199
199
200
200
201
201
201
203
203
204
205
205
206
208
vii
viii
Table of Contents
Safety-related labels and symbols are attached to the instrument at the locations
shown in the following figure and described in Table 1 on page 2. If labels or symbols
are missing or illegible, please contact Olympus.
Operation
instruction label
Serial number
label
Contains:
Intended Use
The EPOCH XT instrument has been designed to perform nondestructive inspections
of industrial and commercial materials.
Do not use the EPOCH XT instrument for any purpose other than its intended use,
particularly for the inspection or examination of human or animal body parts.
Instruction Manual
This instruction manual contains essential information on using this Olympus
product safely and effectively. Before use, thoroughly review this instruction manual
and use the product as instructed.
Keep this instruction manual in a safe, accessible location.
Instrument Compatibility
Only use the EPOCH XT instrument with the following ancillary equipment:
Safety Symbols
The following safety symbols may appear on the instrument and in the instruction
manual:
The IMPORTANT signal word calls attention to a note that provides important
information or information essential to the completion of a task.
The NOTE signal word calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like
that requires special attention. A note also denotes related, parenthetical information
that is useful but not imperative.
The TIP signal word calls attention to a type of note that helps you apply the
techniques and procedures described in the manual to your specific needs, or that
provides hints on how to use effectively the capabilities of the product.
Safety
Before applying power to the EPOCH XT, verify that the correct safety precautions
have been taken (see the following warnings.) In addition, note the external markings
on the instrument that are described in the Important Information Please Read
Before Use section.
Warnings
General Warnings
Carefully read the instructions contained in the users manual prior to powering
on the instrument.
It is imperative to respect the safety warnings on the instrument and in the users
manual.
Service instructions, when applicable, are for trained service personnel. To avoid
a dangerous electric shock, do not perform any service unless qualified to do so.
For any problem or question regarding this apparatus, contact Olympus or an
authorized Olympus representative.
Before powering on the instrument, you must connect the protective earth
terminal of the instrument to the protective conductor of the (mains) power cord.
The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a
protective earth contact. Never negate the protective action by using an extension
cord (power cable) without a protective conductor (grounding.)
Whenever it is likely that the ground protection is impaired, you must power off
the instrument and secure it against any unintended operation.
Warranty Information
Olympus guarantees your Olympus product to be free from defects in materials and
workmanship for a period and conditions specified in the Olympus terms and
conditions, available at http://www.olympus-ims.com/en/terms/.
The Olympus warranty only covers equipment that has been used in a proper manner
as described in this instruction manual and has not been subjected to excessive abuse,
attempted unauthorized repair, or modification.
Inspect materials thoroughly on reception for evidence of external or internal damage
that might have occurred during shipment. Notify the carrier making the delivery
immediately of any damage, since the carrier is normally liable for damage in
shipment. Preserve packing materials, waybills, and other shipping documentation in
order to establish a damage claim. After notifying the carrier, contact Olympus for
assistance with the damage claim and equipment replacement, if necessary.
This instruction manual attempts to teach the proper operation of your Olympus
product. The information contained herein is intended solely as a teaching aid and
shall not be used in any particular application without independent testing and/or
verification by the operator or the supervisor. Such independent verification of
procedures becomes more important as the criticality of the application increases. For
this reason, Olympus makes no warranty, expressed or implied, that the techniques,
examples, or procedures described herein are consistent with industry standards nor
that they meet the requirements of any particular application.
Olympus reserves the right to modify all products without incurring the
responsibility for modifying previously manufactured products.
Technical Support
Olympus is firmly committed to providing the highest level of customer service and
product support. If you experience any difficulties when using our product, or if it
fails to operate as described in the documentation, first consult the users manual, and
10
then, if you are still in need of assistance, contact our After-Sales Service. The list of
Olympus After-Sales Service centers is available at http://www.olympusims.com/en/service-and-support/service-centers/.
11
12
1. Preface
Product Description
Audience
Revision History
Technical Help
Service or Repair
1.1
Product Description
The EPOCH XT is a high-performance, lightweight, and portable ultrasonic flaw
detector. This detector offers excellent ultrasonic performance, large dynamic range,
superior measurement resolution, a color-liquid crystal display, and an all-new user
interface. The EPOCH XT sets a new performance benchmark for portable flaw
detection and is a new instrument offering many performance, durability, and
operational enhancements when compared to previous EPOCH flaw detectors.
Enhancements include:
Preface
13
Large data logger for instrument setups and inspection data. Allows operator to
use corrosion thickness-gage file types.
USB host port for printing and for USB drive storage.
Optional hardware I/O port for alarm outputs, trigger in/out, and encoder
compatibility.
We suggest reading through the information completely at least once with your
EPOCH XT in hand so that you can combine reading the descriptions and examples
with the actual use of the instrument. The technical specification for the EPOCH XT
flaw detector is available at: http://www.olympus-ims.com.
1.2
14
Chapter 1
1.3
Audience
This document is intended for any operator using the EPOCH XT. Olympus
recommends that all operators have a thorough understanding of the principles and
limitations of ultrasonic testing. We assume no responsibility for incorrect operational
procedure or interpretation of test results. We recommend that all operators seek
appropriate training prior to using this equipment. Olympus offers a full range of
training courses including Level I and Level II Ultrasonic Testing, Advanced
Detection and Sizing, and Ultrasonic Thickness Gaging. For further information
regarding training courses, contact Olympus.
While the EPOCH XT is a continuously self-calibrating instrument, you must
determine regulatory requirements. Olympus offers calibration and documentation
services. Contact Olympus or your local representative with any special requests.
1.4
1.5
In all your correspondence, please include the title of the document, its part
number, release date, and the specific section upon which you are commenting.
Revision History
This document might require updating because of corrections or changes to the
product. Publication dates are updated when a change is made to the document. In
addition, the document number is also changed to reflect the revision.
The following table shows a list of revisions for this document.
Preface
15
1.6
Issue
Release version
August 2006
910-264A-EN
First release
October 2006
910-264B-EN
Update
January 2007
910-264C-EN
Update
February 2007
910-264D-EN
Update
February 2010
910-264-EN
Revision F
June 2011
910-264-EN
Revision G
Technical Help
For technical assistance, please contact Olympus. A list of our service locations with
full contact information is available online at: http://www.olympus-ims.com/.
1.7
Service or Repair
For calibration and repair status, call 877-225-8380.
16
Chapter 1
The EPOCH XT has many physical features that are either completely new or
improved compared to previous EPOCH flaw detectors. It is important for the
operator to be familiar with the use and maintenance of these items.
This section covers the following topics:
2.1
Transducer Connections
Pipestand/Handle
Display Protection
IP 67 Environmental Rating
Transducer Connections
The EPOCH XT is supplied with either BNC or large LEMO transducer connectors.
The type of transducer connector is chosen when the instrument is ordered. If
necessary, it is possible to change the type of transducer connection at the factory for a
small charge.
While the selection of transducer connector is typically based on the operators
preference, it is important to note that the performance of these two connector types is
not equal. The environmental durability of the EPOCH XT depends in part on the
17
connector style chosen because the BNC connectors are sealed and the large LEMO
connectors are not. The EPOCH XTs IP 67 environmental rating is applicable to
instruments with BNC connectors only. Instruments with large LEMO connectors
have not been certified to any IP environmental rating.
2.2
Alarm Outputs for details see section 7.9 on page 81 and Appendix A: on
page 211
2.3
Pipestand/Handle
The EPOCH XT has a new pipestand/handle design chosen for its light-weight,
compact design, durability, and ease of adjustment. To adjust the position of the
pipestand/handle, the ball-detent mechanisms that locate the pipestand/handle allow
the position to be adjusted simply by pulling on the lower part of the
pipestand/handle.
The pipestand/handle is removable. This requires a 0.5 in. Crescent wrench to remove
the locator pins on both sides of the instrument. Once these have been removed, you
can slide the pipestand/handle out of the ball-detent mechanisms and then replace
them with the locator pins. This arrangement allows to use the D-rings for a chest
harness and removes the weight of the pipestand/handle.
18
Chapter 2
2.4
2.5
1.
Peel back the outer leather area that is held with Velcro to the adjustment strap
and the center leather section.
2.
Peel the adjustment strap upward to remove it from the center leather section.
3.
Replace the outer leather section now that the adjustment strap has been
removed.
4.
Gently pull the adjustment strap downward to remove it from between the pin
and the body of the instrument.
5.
Pull the adjustment strap under the instrument and around to the opposite-side
pin and place it between the pin and body of the instrument in the upward
direction.
6.
Peel back the outer leather area (formerly the inner leather area).
7.
Adjust the hand strap to a comfortable position by pulling the adjustment strap
and sliding the leather section.
8.
Attach the adjustment strap to the center leather section and close the other
leather section over the adjustment strap.
19
When returning the battery door to its place, these steps are reversed. It is important
to slide the door all the way to the left before attempting to re-engage the quick
release connectors. You must also take care to keep the battery door seal in place or
the instruments environmental seal could be damaged causing malfunctions.
The battery door also has a small hole that is covered on the inside by an
environmentally sealed membrane vent. This vent is a safety feature that is required
in the event that the instrument battery fails and emits gas. There is also a sticker on
the outside of the battery door explaining that this location contains a membrane vent.
This vent must not be punctured because it is part of the instruments environmental
seal.
The EPOCH XT has been designed to accept three battery types: lithium ion, nickel
metal hydride, or alkaline C-Cells. The instrument is supplied with a foam block to
help hold C-Cell type batteries in place, but this is not required for their use.
2.6
2.7
20
Membrane vent
The main O-ring seal between the top and bottom halves of the case
Chapter 2
2.8
2.9
Display Protection
All EPOCH XT gages are shipped from the factory with a clear plastic sheet
protecting the instrument display window. It is advised that the operator leave this
sheet in place. Replacements are available in packages of ten with part number
EPXT-DP.
The display window in the EPOCH XT is permanently bonded to the upper half of the
instrument case to fully seal the instrument. If the display window becomes
damaged, the entire upper half of the case must be replaced along with the
instrument keypad.
Olympus also offers a rubber protective case with an integrated (and replaceable)
plastic display shield. Contact Olympus or your local representative for more
information.
21
The EPOCH XT has been tested to the requirements of IP 67 environmental rating. All
instruments ordered with BNC transducer connectors are designed to meet this level
of ingress protection when they leave the factory. In order to maintain this level of
protection, the operator is responsible for the proper care of all routinely exposed
seals, O-rings, membranes, etc. (discussed in section 2.7 on page 20). Additionally,
you are responsible for returning the instrument to an authorized Olympus service
center each year to ensure that the instrument seals are properly maintained.
Olympus cannot guarantee any level of ingress protection performance once the
instrument seals have been manipulated. You must use sound judgment and take
proper precautions before exposing the instrument to harsh environments.
22
Chapter 2
This chapter contains sections describing how to operate the EPOCH XT using
different power supply options. The topics are as follows:
3.1
Connect the power cord to the charger/adaptor unit and to an appropriate line
power source.
23
Use only the AC power cord supplied with the EPOCH XT. Do not use this AC power
cord with other products.
2.
Open the sealed Computer connection compartment on the right side of the
EPOCH XT.
3.
Connect the DC output power cable from the charger/adaptor to the charger/AC
adaptor input jack inside the door (top connection).
4.
5.
3.2
3.3
24
NiMH: 45 hours
C-Cell: 12 hours
Chapter 3
It might take several cycles of complete charging and discharging of the battery to
bring the battery to full capacity. This conditioning process is normal for these types
of rechargeable batteries.
3.4
To replace the EPOCH XT battery, follow the steps in section 2.5 on page 19 of this
manual. Be careful to avoid any damage to the door seal or membrane vent. The
battery should be removed by pulling the top of the battery away from the
instrument.
To insert a new battery, put the top of the battery in first to assure proper connection
with the instrument and then drop the bottom of the battery into the compartment.
The battery door should be returned to its place with care as described in section 2.5
on page 19.
3.5
25
When the EPOCH XT is connected to AC power and powered ON, the battery
indicator displays a lightning bolt symbol instead of the standard indicator with
5 bars showing the remaining battery life.
You can also choose to use the external battery charger, EPXT-EC, to charge one
battery, while using another in the instrument. For more information regarding this
external charger, contact Olympus or your local sales representative.
If the battery is used daily (or frequently), connect it to the charger/adaptor when not
in use. Whenever possible, the battery should remain connected to the EP-MCA
charger/adaptor (overnight or over a weekend), so that it achieves 100 % full charge.
The battery must reach full charge on a regular basis for proper capacity and cycle-life
maintenance.
Recharge discharged batteries as soon as possible after use. Give a full recharge, as
described above.
Store batteries in a cool and dry environment. Avoid long-term storage under sunlight
or in other excessively hot places such as an automobile trunk. While in storage, fully
recharge batteries at least once every two (2) months.
3.6
26
Chapter 3
This chapter describes how to get started with the basic EPOCH XT operation. Topics
are as follows:
4.1
Powering Up
Display Arrangement
Menu Navigation
Powering Up
Pressing the [ON/OFF] key causes an initial beep. The instruments startup screen
appears. The instrument then goes through a series of self-tests for 45 to 60 seconds
and then starts up.
4.2
27
The most commonly used keys on the keypad ([GAIN], [FREEZE], [SAVE], [ENTER],
[MEAS/RESET], and the arrows) are located in a group next to the operators left
thumb. This arrangement is similar to the EPOCH 4 series and EPOCH LT.
The keys on the right side of the keypad that are surrounded by the gray line, are used
for access to their setup parameters as labeled and also as an alphanumeric keypad.
The top row of keys are the [F1] through [F5] software function keys used for direct
access to various parameter settings.
There are three methods for adjusting the instrument setup parameters in the
EPOCH XT:
4.2.1
These keys can be used to control all instrument functions that appear on the main
screen. The [ENTER] key toggles from one setup parameter to the next and then
cycles through them again. By pressing [2ND F] then [ENTER], you can go back one
setup parameter.
Each setup parameter can be adjusted with the left and right or down and up arrow
keys. For most parameters, left and right provide a fine adjustment and the down and
up provide a coarse adjustment. This new feature has been developed to allow a more
rapid adjustment of parameters.
4.2.2
Most commonly used parameters have their own assigned key or a second function
position on the instrument keypad. These keys are a direct access to the given
parameter. This method allows operators to quickly locate and activate a given
instrument function for adjustment. Once a parameter has been selected, you can
adjust its value using the slewing keys as described in section 4.2.1 on page 28 or by
using the preset function [F1][F5] keys on the top of the instrument keypad. The
function keys appearing below preset the values used for the selected parameter.
28
Chapter 4
4.2.3
The EPOCH XT rapid parameter adjustment method is called direct entry. This
method should be used when you know the exact value to use for a selected
parameter. To execute a direct entry of a value, press the appropriate parameter key,
press the [ALPHA/NUM] key, enter the parameter value on the instruments
alphanumeric keys, and then press [ENTER].
4.3
1.
2.
3.
4.
Press [ENTER].
29
30
Chapter 4
Table 2 Keys
English
Intl
Color
BLUE
Function
Adjusts system sensitivity.
31
32
Chapter 4
Intl
Color
Function
BLUE
GRAY
GRAY
GRAY
GRAY
Intl
Color
Function
BLUE
PURPLE
PURPLE
PURPLE
RED
RED
ORANGE
33
34
Chapter 4
Intl
Color
Function
ORANGE
RED
RED
YELLOW
YELLOW
YELLOW
Intl
Color
Function
YELLOW
YELLOW
YELLOW
YELLOW
YELLOW
35
36
Chapter 4
Intl
Color
Function
YELLOW
BLUE
BLUE
BLUE
BLUE
4.4
Display Arrangement
The EPOCH XT main screen can be displayed in two different modes: split-screen and
full-screen A-scan views. The split-screen display simultaneously shows the live
A-scan, measurements, and all instrument setup parameters. The full-screen A-scan
display shows a large A-scan, measurements, and the active setup parameter (based
on the operators selection).
When the EPOCH XT is powered on and has completed its self test procedure, the
split-screen view opens to allow you to review the setup parameters.
To switch between the split-screen and full-screen A-scan displays, press [2ND F], then
[DISPLAY SETUP].
4.4.1
Full-Screen Display
37
The measurement boxes are customized by you, the operator. Each of the
measurement locations (up to 5) displays a symbol that lets you know what
type of measurement is being displayed.
A grid is typically displayed behind the A-scan. You can choose between
several grid modes based on application needs and/or preference.
Gate measurement icons are displayed on the right side of the screen. These
icons tell you the measurement mode for each gate and also flash when an
alarm is triggered.
On the right side of the display and below the gate measurement icons, the
instrument displays flags and markers that notify you when options are
active, when [FREEZE] is active, and other such conditions.
4.4.2
Delay (Dly) and Range (Rng) always appear under the A-scan. These tell you
where in time the display window begins and ends.
The active function (if not Dly, Rng, Gain, or Vel) is displayed.
Preset values for the selected instrument parameter are displayed on the
bottom of the screen.
Split-Screen Display
The split-screen display presents a condensed waveform along with all instrument
setup parameters. This screen is useful when establishing the initial instrument setup
as it enables a quick check of all setup information and allows to rapidly adjust while
viewing the live A-scan.
38
Chapter 4
The instrument setup parameters have been arranged into three main columns. The
left column contains calibration settings. The center column contains pulser settings
and can be directly accessed using the [PULSER] key. The right column contains
receiver information and can be directly accessed using the [RCVR] key. Gate settings
are displayed below these three columns of setup parameters.
4.4.3
To indicate when particular display functions are active, the EPOCH XT displays a set
of flags, or markers, to the right of the A-scan display. Table 3 on page 39 shows these
flags and provides a description of each.
Description
This indicates that the [2ND F] key has been pressed.
39
Description
(ZOOM) is active.
The gate alarm has been triggered. Flashes on and off alternating
with gate measurement indicator.
40
Chapter 4
Description
DAC/TVG is active.
DGS/AVG is active.
4.5
Menu Navigation
The three setup menus in the EPOCH XT have been designed to permit a rapid access
to important instrument setup functions. All of these menus share a general
navigation philosophy using the [ENTER] key and the up, down, left, and right arrow
keys. The menus themselves are constructed with tabs, sublevel tabs, control groups,
and parameters.
Tabs These are used for group-related functions within a setup menu. When you
enter a menu, there is a row of tabs running across the top of the screen. Use the left
and right arrow keys to select the desired tab. Once the proper tab has been
highlighted, press the [ENTER] key to enter the tab.
41
Sublevel tabs In some of the tabs that you select, there are other subgroups of tabs.
These tabs run vertically from the top to the bottom of the display. The OPTIONS tab
in the [MEAS SETUP] menu and the EditPara tab in the [INSTR SETUP] menu are
examples of this. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the desired sublevel tab.
Once the proper sublevel tab has been highlighted, press the [ENTER] key to enter the
sublevel tab.
Control Groups The parameters inside a tab are organized into control groups
containing related functions. These control groups are surrounded by a box to divide
one control group from another. You must use the [ENTER] key to move from a tab to
the first control group, then the next control group. When the last control group in a
tab is active and press the [ENTER] key, the instrument highlights the tab again. You
can also use [2ND F], [ENTER] to move back one control group.
Parameters Parameters are found within the control group. When you select a
control group with the [ENTER] key, the instrument automatically selects the first
parameter in the group. Use the up and down arrow keys to select a parameter and
the left and right arrow keys to adjust the parameter value. In some cases the
parameter does not have fixed selections, and you can use the alphanumeric keys to
manually enter text or values.
4.6
42
Chapter 4
The [MEAS/RESET] key can be used to exit any EPOCH XT menu at any time. This
key returns to the live screen from any location within the instruments user interface.
4.6.1
General Tab
Pulser
Spike Locks the pulser to a narrow width to allow to use with all
transducers. This setting is used to simplify the instrument setup when
the performance advantages of the tunable pulser are not required.
Filter Group
43
4.6.2
Key Beep When active, the instrument beeps whenever a key is pressed.
All Lock When active, this function locks all keys other than [2ND F],
[DISPLAY SETUP], and [ON/OFF]. A padlock symbol appears on the live
screen when this function is active.
Cal Lock When active, this function locks the following keys: [GAIN],
[CAL], [ZERO], [RANGE], [VEL], [ANGLE], [PULSER], and [RCVR].
Locale Used to select the global location. The instrument uses this
information to properly format numeric displays (radix) and the date.
Editable parameters are standard on all EPOCH XT instruments. With this feature
you can customize the values that appear above the function [F1][F5] keys for the
setup parameters below. These items are listed as sublevel tabs, and each contains 13
control groups with parameters.
44
Chapter 4
Gain
Gain Step Universal setting for the coarse (up and down arrows) and fine (left
and right arrows) gain adjustment
Reject
Zero Offset
Vel (Velocity)
Rng (Range)
Angle
Thickness
2.
Use the up and down arrow keys to select a sublevel tab for the parameters to be
adjusted.
3.
Press the [ENTER] key to move to the control group and then use the up and
down arrow keys to select the parameter to be adjusted.
4.
Press the left and right arrow keys to adjust the setting.
5.
Press the [ENTER] key to move to the next control group or to the sublevel tabs.
45
4.6.3
Status Tab
The instrument Status tab provides you with useful information related to
internal-temperature, battery capacity, and hardware/software versions. This
information might be used by Olympus to help support the product.
4.6.4
46
Chapter 4
The owner information screen (Owner Info) tab allows you to customize the
EPOCH XT startup sequence. At the end of the startup sequence there is a splash
screen where the information entered here appears. This is typically used to enter the
instrument owners company information and contact information. An example is
shown below.
4.7
47
The [MEAS/RESET] key can be used to exit any EPOCH XT menu at any time. This
key returns you to the live screen from any location within the instruments user
interface.
4.7.1
Color Tab
With the Color tab you can set the display brightness and choose the color scheme for
the instrument. There are four color-scheme choices:
When you select a color scheme, the instrument displays an example of the color
scheme within the tab.
It is important to note that the display brightness can greatly affect the instruments
battery life. The default brightness setting is 50 %.
48
Chapter 4
The gradient is a color fading option behind all parameters and text when viewing the
A-scan display. This can be turned on or off based on the your preferences.
Scan Palette settings are for use with the EPOCH XT B-scan option. Please see section
11.5 on page 185 regarding the B-scan software option for more information.
4.7.2
A-scan Tab
The A-Scan tab is used to modify the appearance of the EPOCH XTs A-scan to meet
application needs or your preferences.
The available settings are listed below:
Filled The A-scan outline is filled in with the A-scans color (except in
RF mode). This helps to increase visibility in certain lighting conditions.
Envelope Display This setting affects the appearance of A-scans and Peak
Envelopes that are captured with the Peak Hold and Peak Memory functions.
Peak Hold captures a single reference A-scan, and the live A-scan is displayed
49
in the foreground. Peak Memory tracks the highest peak on the live A-scan
and draws an envelope across the peak positions.
X-Axis Grid Mode The EPOCH XT has four display modes for the X-Axis
grid. These four settings are designed to provide you with a convenient
display mode for the application. The modes and examples are shown below:
50
Chapter 4
Grid Off No grid lines are displayed. 010 appear along the bottom of
the A-scan.
51
52
Leg Up to 4 grid lines showing sound path legs (half paths) based on
part thickness and angle.
Chapter 4
100 % Grid
4.8
110 % Grid
Basement Break This feature modifies the appearance of the EPOCH XTs
A-scan in fullwave rectified mode. When Baseline Break is active, the
instrument locates all zero cross points in the RF waveform and forces the
fullwave rectified mode to display these zero cross points by pulling the
A-scan to the baseline. This feature helps you to see small defects that are
close to the back surface of the test piece, especially at large ranges.
53
The [MEAS/RESET] key can be used to exit any EPOCH XT menu at any time.
Pressing this key returns the display to the live screen from any location within the
instruments user interface.
4.8.1
EPOCH XT Measurements
The EPOCH XT can display up to five (5) measurements on the live screen. You have
the ability to choose which measurements to display in each of the five measurement
locations. The measurement locations are shown in the screen below.
Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Reading 4
If you choose to leave measurement location #5 OFF in the Measurement Setup menu,
then the instrument displays measurement #4 in large numerals. If measurement #5 is
turned ON, then location #4 is split in half horizontally to accommodate both
measurements. Measurement location #5 is typically used to display specialized
measurements for DAC/TVG, DGS/AVG, or AWS D1.1 defect sizing, but it can be
used for any measurement as needed.
54
Chapter 4
Icon
Description
Gate 1 THICKNESS
Gate 2 THICKNESS
Gate 1 SOUNDPATH
DISTANCE
Gate 2 SOUNDPATH
DISTANCE
Gate 1 DEPTH TO
REFLECTOR
Gate 2 DEPTH TO
REFLECTOR
Gate 1 SURFACE
DISTANCE
Gate 2 SURFACE
DISTANCE
Gate 1 MINIMUM
DEPTH
55
Gate 2 MINIMUM
DEPTH
Gate 1 MAXIMUM
DEPTH
Gate 2 MAXIMUM
DEPTH
Gate 1 CURRENT
AMPLITUDE
Gate 2 CURRENT
AMPLITUDE
Gate 1 MAX
AMPLITUDE
Gate 2 MAX
AMPLITUDE
Gate 1 MIN
AMPLITUDE
Gate 2 MIN
AMPLITUDE
56
Icon
Description
Minimum Depth in Gate 2. Resets on gate
adjustment, most pulser/receiver adjustments,
and on press of [MEAS/RESET] key.
Maximum Depth in Gate 1. Resets on gate
adjustment, most pulser/receiver adjustments,
and on press of [MEAS/RESET] key.
Maximum Depth in Gate 2. Resets on gate
adjustment, most pulser/receiver adjustments,
and on press of [MEAS/RESET] key.
Amplitude measurement in Gate 1. Displays
as % of full-screen height (FSH).
Amplitude measurement in Gate 2. Displays
as % of full-screen height (FSH).
Maximum Amplitude in Gate 1. Resets on gate
adjustment, most pulser/receiver adjustments,
and on press of [MEAS/RESET] key.
Maximum Amplitude in Gate 2. Resets on gate
adjustment, most pulser/receiver adjustments,
and on press of [MEAS/RESET] key.
Minimum Amplitude in Gate 1. Resets on gate
adjustment, most pulser/receiver adjustments,
and on press of [MEAS/RESET] key.
Minimum Amplitude in Gate 2. Resets on gate
adjustment, most pulser/receiver adjustments,
and on press of [MEAS/RESET] key.
Chapter 4
Description
Gate 1 DB TO CURVE
Gate 2 DB TO CURVE
Echo-to-Echo (Gate 2 -
Gate 1)
4.8.2
Icon
OVERSHOOT (OS)
Meas Tab
The first control group in the Meas tab allows you to select the Auto or Manual
measurement selection. In the Auto selection, the relevant measurements are
automatically displayed based on the type of inspection and setup parameters (for
example, straight beam, angle beam, AWS, B-scan). When Auto measurement mode is
selected, you cannot access the second control group in the tab. When the Manual
measurement mode is selected, use the second control group in the tab to choose
which measurements to display and in which location to display them on the live
screen. This tab is shown below.
57
The third control group in the Meas tab contains several settings that can affect the
measurements taken by the EPOCH XT. Descriptions of these settings are shown
below:
58
Amp Resolution You can select the number of decimal places to be displayed
for amplitude measurements. The EPOCH XT measures amplitude to 0.25 % FSH
(x.xx). You may change this to 0.5 % (x.x) or 1 % (x) if desired.
X Value This is the distance from the Beam Index Point on a wedge to the front
of the wedge. When using Gate 1 Surface Dist X Value or Gate 2 Surface Dist
X Value measurements, this number is the correction that is used for the
displayed measurement.
Outer Dia. User entered value for Curved Surface Correction calculations.
TH Resolution You can select the number of decimal places to be displayed for
thickness measurements (x, x.x, x.xx, x.xxx).
Chapter 4
4.8.3
Trigger Choose between Internal, External, and Single. For most applications,
this setting should be left on Internal.
Gates Tab
The Gates tab allows you to set up measurement modes for Gate 1 and Gate 2. Gate 1
and Gate 2 can be used independently as required by you, or Gate 2 can track the echo
in Gate 1 allowing Gate 1 to act as an interface gate. The selections within the Gates
tab are detailed below:
59
Peak Measurement
60
Chapter 4
Gate1 RF Setup and Gate2 RF Setup: When the EPOCH XT rectification is set to
RF, you have three choices for Gate Positioning: Positive, Negative, or Dual Gate.
In Positive mode, the gate appears above the baseline. In Negative mode, the gate
appears below the baseline. In Dual Gate mode, the gate is mirrored above and
below the baseline.
4.8.4
Options Tab
The Options tab allows you to set up software features and options such as
DAC/TVG, DGS/AVG, AWS D1.1/D1.5, B-scan, Floating Gate (FGate), and Advanced
Filters. Details regarding these software features/options are found in chapter 11 on
page 151 of this manual. The Options tab is shown in the screen as follows:
61
62
Chapter 4
This chapter describes how to adjust the EPOCH XTs Pulser/Receiver. The topics are
as follows:
Pulser Adjustment
Receiver Adjustment
5.1
Press [GAIN].
2.
Use one of the three adjustment methods to adjust the gain setting:
Arrow Keys Up and down for coarse adjustment; left and right for fine
adjustment.
Function Keys Jump to preset values defined in the Editable Parameters tab
(EditPara).
Direct Entry Press the [ALPHA/NUM] key, enter the desired gain value on
the keypad, and then press [ENTER].
63
5.2
2.
Use the arrow keys or the direct entry method to position the gate over the
desired echo. It is not necessary for the echo to break the gate threshold.
3.
Press [F5]. The highest peak within the gate is brought to 80 % FSH automatically
by adjusting the instruments gain setting.
64
1.
2.
Use the arrow keys or the direct entry method to position the gate over the
desired echo. It is not necessary for the echo to break the gate threshold.
3.
Press [F5]. The highest peak within the gate is brought to 80 % FSH automatically
by adjusting the instruments gain setting.
Chapter 5
You can use AUTO80 % when an echo exceeds the desired amplitude. The echo can
be either above or below 80 % FSH. If a signal is very high in amplitude (above 500 %
FSH), it might be necessary to activate the AUTO80 % function more than once. To
do this, simply press the [F5] key again.
5.3
5.4
[F1] (Add) key Adds the scanning gain to the reference gain and deactivates the
reference gain feature.
[F2] (Scan dB) key Toggles the scanning gain from the active level to 0.0 dB
(reference level) allowing a direct amplitude comparison to the reference
indication.
[F3] (Off) key Exits the reference gain function without adding the scanning
gain to the base instrument gain.
Pulser Adjustment
The pulser settings in the EPOCH XT are accessed by pressing the [PULSER] key on
the instrument keypad. Alternatively, you may press the [ENTER] key as needed to
reach the pulser parameter settings. The pulser setup parameters are:
65
Pulse energy
Damping
Pressing the pulser key multiple times accesses the functions listed above, in the same
order.
5.4.1
Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is a measure of how often the transducer is being
pulsed by the electronic circuitry in the EPOCH XT. PRF is typically adjusted based
on the test method or test piece geometry. For parts with long sound paths, it is
necessary to lower the PRF to avoid wrap-around interference that results in spurious
signals on the display. For applications with rapid scanning, it is often necessary to
use a high PRF rate in order to assure that small defects are detected as the probe
moves past the part.
The EPOCH XT allows you to adjust the PRF from 10 Hz to 1000 Hz in steps of either
10 Hz (fine adjustment with left and right arrow keys) or 50 Hz (coarse adjustment
with up and down arrow keys). You may also use the direct entry method to set the
PRF.
When the PRF setting is selected, you can press the [F1] (Optimum) key. The
instrument selects the optimal PRF for the instrument range (Rng) setting. This
optimum setting is for typical applications. It might be necessary for you to adjust
from this optimum setting for certain applications.
66
Chapter 5
5.4.2
Pulser Frequency Selection, which sets the Pulse Width, is applicable only when the
Pulser Square selection is active in the General tab of the [INSTR SETUP] menu. This
frequency selection is designed to tune the square wave pulser to obtain the best
performance from the transducer being used. In general, the best performance is
achieved by tuning the Pulser Frequency as close to the center frequency of the
transducer being used as possible.
Actual results can vary due to the test material and/or variation in the
transducer-center frequency. It is recommended trying various settings with a
transducer and test piece to maximize the ultrasonic performance.
5.4.3
Pulse Energy
You can adjust the pulse energy from 50 V to 475 V in increments of 25 V. Because of
this flexibility in adjustment, you only use the necessary level of energy to perform
the test while also providing a very high-power pulser for the most difficult materials.
To maximize instrument battery life and transducer life, it is recommended that you
use lower energy settings when the application permits it. For most applications, the
energy setting does not need to exceed 200 V.
5.4.4
Damping
The damping control lets you optimize the waveform shape for high resolution
measurements by using an internal resistive circuit. There are four damping settings:
50
63
150
400
67
Generally, the lowest ohm setting increases the system damping and improves
near-surface resolution, while the highest ohm setting decreases system damping and
improves the instrument penetration power.
Selecting the correct damping setting fine tunes the EPOCH XT in order to operate
with a particular transducer selection. Depending on the transducer being used, the
various damping settings either improve near-surface resolution or improve the
instruments penetration power.
2.
Use the function keys for direct access, or the up and down keys to toggle through
the four available damping selections.
5.4.5
Test Mode
68
1.
2.
Use the function keys for direct access, or the up and down keys to toggle through
the three selections.
Chapter 5
To compensate for the one-way sound path in Through mode, the EPOCH XT does
not divide transit time by two when calculating thickness measurements.
5.5
Receiver Adjustment
The receiver settings in the EPOCH XT are accessed by pressing the [RCVR] key on
the instrument keypad. Alternatively, you may press the [ENTER] key as needed to
reach the receiver parameter settings. The receiver setup parameters are:
Digital filters
Waveform rectification
Pressing the receiver key multiple times accesses the functions listed above in the
same order.
5.5.1
Digital Filters
The EPOCH XT has a total instrument bandwidth of 26.5 MHz at 3 dB. The
instrument has several broadband, narrow-band, and high-pass digital filter settings.
These settings provide the dynamic range (dB) required by EN12668-1 and also
improve the instruments signal-to-noise ratio by filtering out unwanted high and/or
low frequency noise outside of the test frequency spectrum.
The Digital Filter setting is accessed by pressing the [RCVR] key on the instrument
keypad. The available settings are:
69
In most cases, you should select either a broadband filter or a narrowband filter that
covers the frequency of the transducer being used. For example, with a 5 MHz
transducer you should use either one of the broadband settings or the 1.5 MHz to
8.5 MHz setting. Due to the shifting of the frequency spectrum in most materials, it
might be necessary to adjust the filter settings to maximize instrument performance.
Every material is different, therefore you must optimize the receiver settings based on
the application.
If the Advanced Filters option has been activated on the EPOCH XT, the additional
filter options appear in the list of filters. Please refer to chapter 11 on page 151 for
more information.
5.5.2
Waveform Rectification
Full-wave
Half-wave positive
Half-wave negative
RF (unrectified)
The RF mode is not active while operating in DAC mode or when using the Peak
Memory feature.
5.6
1.
Press [RCVR] once to display the current screen rectification. This is highlighted
and displayed at the bottom of the screen.
2.
Use the function keys for direct access, or the up and down keys to toggle through
the different waveform rectification modes.
70
Chapter 5
This chapter describes how to manage special waveform functions. The topics are as
follows:
Reject
Peak Memory
Peak Hold
Display Freeze
6.1
Reject
The Reject function eliminates unwanted, low-level signals from the display. The
Reject function is linear and adjustable from 0 % to 80 % FSH. Increasing the reject
level does not affect the amplitude of the signals above the reject level.
2.
Use the function keys, arrow keys, or the direct entry method to set the reject
level.
The reject level is displayed as a dashed horizontal line on the instrument display (or
two lines in the case of the RF Display mode) as shown in the screens below.
71
REJECT 0 %
6.2
REJECT 15 %
Peak Memory
The Peak Memory function enables the display to capture and store, on the screen,
the amplitude of each display point. The display updates each pixel if a signal of
greater amplitude is acquired. When a transducer is scanned over a reflector, the
signal envelope (echo dynamic as a function of transducer position) is held on the
screen. In addition, the current, live waveform is displayed at the appropriate place
within the echo envelope.
This function is useful when it is necessary to find the peak from an indication during
an angle beam inspection.
An example is shown as follows:
72
Chapter 6
The [PEAK MEM] function cannot be activated in the unrectified, RF display mode.
6.3
Press [PEAK MEM]. A P symbol appears at the right side of the display to
indicate that the function is active.
2.
3.
Press [PEAK MEM] again to turn off the peak memory function.
Peak Hold
The Peak Hold function is similar to Peak Memory in that it captures the current
screen that is displayed on the EPOCH XT when the function is accessed. The
difference is that with Peak Hold, the captured waveform is frozen on the screen and
does not update even if the live waveform exceeds the frozen waveforms amplitude.
Peak Hold is useful when you want to obtain a waveform from a known sample and
compare it to a waveform from an unknown test piece. Similarities and/or differences
in the waveforms can be noted to help determine the unknown materials
acceptability status.
Managing Special Waveform Functions
73
2.
Press [2ND F], [PEAK MEM] (PEAK HOLD). This captures the screen and still
allows to view the live waveform. A PH appears on the right side of the A-scan
display indicating that the function is active.
3.
4.
Press [2ND F], [PEAK MEM] (PEAK HOLD) again to shut off the Peak Hold
function.
6.4
Display Freeze
The Display Freeze function holds or freezes the information on the screen at the
moment the [FREEZE] key is pressed. Once Freeze is activated, the pulser/receiver of
the EPOCH XT becomes inactive and does not acquire any further data. An F symbol
appears on the right side of the screen indicating that the function is active.
This function is useful when storing waveforms as it holds the current A-scan
allowing the transducer to be removed from the test piece. Once the display is frozen,
you can use a variety of instrument functions.
These include:
Gate Movement Used to position the gate(s) over area(s) of interest to obtain
measurement data.
Range, Delay, and Zoom The EPOCH XT time base can be manipulated to focus
on areas of interest. The total instrument range can not be increased.
Data logger
Printing
Zero (Offset)
74
Chapter 6
7. Gates
This chapter describes how to use the gates in the EPOCH XT. The topics covered are
as follows:
7.1
Gate Alarms
Gates
75
To access the Gate 2 controls, press the [GATES] button twice. If Gate 2 is not turned
on, you can press the [F4] key to turn it on and then use the [ENTER] key or the [F1]
[F3] keys to access Gate Start (G2St), Gate Width (Wd), and Gate Level (Lv). The [F5]
key controls the AUTOXX % function discussed in section 5.2 on page 64 of this
manual.
To adjust the position of a gate, you must access the appropriate gate function and use
the arrow keys or the direct-entry method to move the gates. The up and down arrow
keys are used for a rapid adjustment in coarse increments and the left and right arrow
keys are for a fine adjustment.
7.2
7.3
In [MEAS SETUP] > Meas tab Select Gate 1 Thickness as one of the active
measurements in the 5 measurement display locations. Typically, this would be
displayed in measurement location 4, and location 5 would be turned off.
2.
In [MEAS SETUP] > Gates tab Set up the Gate 1 Measurement mode to Peak,
First Peak, or Edge as required by the application.
3.
On the live screen Position Gate 1 over the echo of interest. The echo does not
need to break the gate for Peak measurements. It must break the gate for First
Peak or Edge measurements.
To take a thickness reading with Gate 2, the previous steps are the same but the Gate 2
controls are used and the Gate 2 Thickness Measurement must be selected.
7.4
76
Chapter 7
In [MEAS SETUP] > Meas tab Select Gate 2-1 as one of the active measurements
in the 5 measurement display locations. Typically this is displayed in
measurement location 4, and location 5 is turned off.
2.
In [MEAS SETUP] > Gates tab Set up Gate 1 and Gate 2 measurement modes to
Peak, First Peak, or Edge as required by the application. These modes are
typically the same for both gates, but not required.
3.
On the live screen Position Gate 1 over the first echo of interest and Gate 2 over
the second echo of interest. The echo does not need to break the gate for the peak
measurements. It must break, however, the gate for First Peak or Edge
measurements.
You can choose to activate Gate 2 Tracking in the [MEAS SETUP] menu > Gates tab.
As discussed in section 4.4.3 on page 39 of this manual, this function allows Gate 2
Start to track the position of an echo in Gate 1 in order to maintain the preset blanking
period between Gate 1 Start and Gate 2 Start.
7.5
Gates
77
Amplitude
Depth
Surface distance
Sound path
Leg indicator
The sound path leg indicator is displayed in the lower-right corner of the instrument
display. It is created using the following information in this order: gate number (1),
L (which stands for leg), and the sound path leg (2). Examples: 1L2 means Gate 1
Leg 2, 2L2 means Gate 2 Leg 2. In order to properly display the sound path leg and
the depth to reflector, you must enter the proper part thickness. This is accomplished
by pressing [2ND F], [ANGLE] (THICK) and entering the value.
The screen also displays the sound path leg as part of the A-scan grid. This is set up in
the [DISPLAY SETUP] menu > Ascan tab as detailed in section 4.7.2 on page 49 of
this manual.
7.6
78
Chapter 7
To measure the signal amplitude, you must select either Gate 1 Current Amplitude or
Gate 2 Current Amplitude as a displayed measurement in the [MEAS SETUP] menu
> Meas tab depending on which gate is to be used for the measurement.
The EPOCH XT can also display Min amplitude and Max amplitude measurements
for each gate. If you wish to use these measurements for inspection, they can be
activated as well. These measurements track the minimum and maximum
measurements in the gate and are reset by adjusting the gate, gain, pulser/receiver, or
by pressing the [MEAS/RESET] key.
The Gate Measurement Mode affects how the EPOCH XT measures signal amplitude:
Peak mode:
Edge mode:
Once you have set up the displayed measurements and the gate measurement modes,
you need to position the gate over the echo of interest. The echo-amplitude
measurement(s) is then displayed. The following screen shows some amplitude
measurements along with a part thickness to reflector measurement (defect depth).
Gates
79
Current
amplitude
7.7
Max
amplitude
Min
amplitude
Thickness
80
Chapter 7
7.8
7.9
Gate Alarms
The EPOCH XT features a variety of alarm configurations for Gate 1 and Gate 2. In RF
mode, these alarms can be used in Positive, Negative, or Dual Gate modes. The three
types of gate alarms are Positive Threshold, Negative Threshold, and Minimum
Depth.
7.9.1
Threshold Alarms
Gates
81
Press the [GATES] key and use the Start, Width, and Level parameters to
position the gate over the desired area.
2.
Press [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS). The alarm options are now displayed above
the function keys.
3.
Press [F2] for positive logic or [F3] for negative logic. A positive logic alarm is
triggered when a signal breaks the gate threshold. A negative logic alarm is
triggered when a signal drops out of the gate threshold. Gate 1 and Gate 2 can
both be set to either positive or negative logic.
When you set a threshold alarm on Gate 1 or Gate 2, the appearance of the tick marks
at the end of the gate change. For positive logic alarms, the tick marks point upward
and for negative logic alarms they point downward.
To setup a threshold alarm on Gate 2, you must follow the steps above with the
exception of pressing [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS) twice to access Gate 2 alarms.
To deactivate an alarm, access the gate alarm control and press [F1].
7.9.2
Minimum-Depth Alarm
7.9.3
82
1.
Press the [GATES] key and use the Start, Width, and Level parameters to
position the gate over the desired area. Ensure that the Gate Start position is set to
cover a range below the minimum-depth alarm value.
2.
Press [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS) to display the alarms in the function boxes at
the bottom of the screen. Press [F4] to activate the minimum-depth alarm.
3.
Use the arrow keys to set the desired minimum value. The range of
minimum-depth values is limited by the Gate Start and Gate Width settings. This
minimum-depth alarm value must be greater than the Gate Start value and less
Chapter 7
than the Gate Width value. Once activated, a marker appears on the gate to
indicate the current setting. Any indication that exceeds the gate threshold to the
left of the marker triggers the alarm.
4.
7.9.4
Press [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS) followed by the [F1] key to turn off the alarm.
You can use the minimum-depth alarm when making echo-to-echo thickness
measurements with Gate 2 tracking as well. Whenever Gate 2 tracking is active
(located in [MEAS SETUP] menu > GATES tab) all Gate 2 settings (Start, Width,
Depth, and Min Depth Alarm Threshold) are relative to the position of the echo in
Gate 1. Gate 2 moves side-to-side, tracking the position of an echo in Gate 1. When
you set up a minimum-depth alarm on Gate 2 with Gate 2 tracking activated, the
value for the alarm threshold is the distance from Gate 1 Start or the distance from the
echo being measured by Gate 1.
Press the [GATES] key twice and use the Start, Width, and Level parameters to
position Gate 2 over the desired area. Ensure that the Gate 2 Start position is set to
cover a range below the minimum-depth alarm value.
2.
Press [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS) twice to display the Gate 2 alarms in the
function boxes at the bottom of the screen. Press [F4] to activate the
minimum-depth alarm.
3.
Use the arrow keys to set the desired minimum value. The range of
minimum-depth values is limited by the Gate 2 Start and Gate 2 Width settings.
This minimum-depth alarm value must be greater than the Gate 2 Start value and
less than the Gate 2 Width value. Once activated, a marker appears on the gate to
indicate the current setting. Any indication that exceeds the gate threshold to the
left of the marker triggers the alarm.
4.
Press [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS) twice followed by the [F1] key to turn off the
alarm.
7.9.5
Alarm-Condition Storage
When an alarm is active on a gate, the gate indicator flashes between the
measurement mode icon and a red A symbol. Alarm conditions are stored in the
EPOCH XT data logger. All saved IDs with an active alarm display A1 for Gate 1
alarm and/or A2 for Gate 2 alarm.
Gates
83
84
Chapter 7
This chapter describes the input and output features of the EPOCH XT. The topics
covered are as follows:
VGA Output
Analog Output
8.1
VGA Output
The VGA output on the EPOCH XT lets you view the full color-screen display on a
PC monitor, projector, or a heads-up display. As of October 2008, all EPOCH XTs are
shipped standard with a VGA output port under the side office door of the
instrument. Connect the EPOCH XT to the external device with a cable attached to the
VGA port inside the door on the right side of the unit.
The default setting for the VGA output is OFF.
2.
3.
4.
Scroll down and press [F2] (On) to have the EPOCH XT automatically turn on in
VGA output mode. If this parameter is set to [F1] (Off) the unit turns on in
normal mode.
85
The EPOCH XT consumes a slightly greater amount of power when the VGA circuitry
is turned on, reducing battery operating time.
8.2
Analog Output
The EPOCH XT offers an optional analog output. This analog output option is a
hardware option, and allows the EPOCH XT to continuously output depth or
amplitude information to an external device, such as a strip chart recorder or a PC
outfitted with an Analog/Digital converter card. The information is outputted as a
voltage, either on a 01 V or 010 V scale. The EPOCH XT is connected to the external
device by means of the analog output LEMO 00 connector on the right side of the
instrument.
86
Chapter 8
The Analog Output option is only available for EPOCH XT units manufactured after
October 2008.
Instruments requiring the addition of the analog output must be returned to an
authorized Olympus service center for hardware upgrade. Contact your local
Olympus sales representative for more details.
Output Voltage - The range of voltage output from the unit (0 V1 V or 0 V10 V)
87
Mapping - The scale of the output. You can select to output representative voltage
based on either Full Screen Range or Gate Width
Device Load - The value of the impedance of the peripheral device measuring the
analog output of the EPOCH XT.
Matching the impedance of the output from the EPOCH XT with the impedance of
the input to the peripheral device allows the EPOCH XT to properly offset the analog
output to produce predictable output voltages based on screen measurements. For
example, a measurement on the EPOCH XT of 10 mm on a 100 mm screen range, with
an analog output range of 0 V to 10 V, should produce an analog output of 1 V.
Without impedance matching, the value can be skewed above or below the expected
1 V output value (0.95 V or 1.02 V, etc).
8.3
88
1.
2.
3.
Press [ENTER] until the cursor is selected on the third control group in the tab.
4.
Chapter 8
External This selection allows an external device to control the pulse timing and
frequency of the EPOCH XT using the optional hardware I/O port on the top of
the unit. When no input pulse is provided, the instrument does not send any
pulse to the connected transducer(s) and appears frozen.
Single This selection allows the instrument pulse timing and frequency to be
manually controlled by the user or by PC commands. When in Single mode, the
instrument does not send a pulse to the connected transducer(s) until the
[MEAS|RESET] key is pressed (directly or by a remote method). If the
[MEAS|RESET] key is not pressed, the instrument appears frozen.
89
90
Chapter 8
This chapter describes how to calibrate the EPOCH XT. Calibration is the process of
adjusting the unit so that it measures accurately on a particular material, using a
particular transducer at a particular temperature. You must adjust the Zero (Offset)
and Velocity parameters of the EPOCH XT during calibration. Zero (Offset)
(sometimes referred to as probe delay) compensates for the dead time between the
firing of the main bang and the entry of the sound into the test piece. The unit must be
programmed with the correct Velocity setting so that it matches the material velocity
of the test piece.
The EPOCH XT has an advanced Auto Calibration feature, which enables a fast and
easy calibration process. The following section details the procedure to calibrate the
EPOCH XT when using the four basic transducer configurations: straight beam, delay
line, dual element, and angle beam.
Do not use the Auto Calibration feature when the EPOCH XT is in the following
modes: Microsecond time-of-flight, DAC, or TVG.
Getting Started
91
9.1
Getting Started
Until you are completely comfortable operating the EPOCH XT, we recommend that a
basic review and setup procedure be performed prior to starting the actual
calibration. The split-screen feature of the EPOCH XT is useful for this as it lets you
simultaneously view the waveform display and all instrument calibration data.
92
1.
Press [2ND F], [DISPLAY SETUP] (FULL/SPLIT) to select the split-screen display.
2.
Press [2ND F], [VEL] (REJECT) to set the reject level to 0 %. Press [F1] or use the
slewing keys to adjust the value to zero.
3.
Press [GAIN] to select an initial gain value that is appropriate for the calibration
and adjust the value by using the direct access function keys or the slewing keys.
If the appropriate gain level is unknown, set the initial gain at 20 dB and adjust it
as necessary during calibration.
4.
Press [VEL] to enter an approximate velocity for the test material and adjust the
value with the function keys or the slewing keys. If the velocity value is unknown,
find a value for the material being tested in Appendix B on page 213 of this
manual.
5.
Press [RANGE] to set the range and then adjust the value using the function keys
or the slewing keys. It is important to ensure that the range is large enough to
show both the thin and the thick sound path values on the screen.
6.
Press [2ND F], [ANGLE] (THICK) to set the material thickness to 0.00 in. or
0.00 mm. Press [F1] or use the slewing keys to adjust the value to zero.
7.
Press [ZERO] to set the zero offset value to 0.00 sec. Press [F1] or use the slewing
keys to bring the initial pulse to the left side of the instrument screen.
8.
Press [ANGLE] to enter the correct refracted angle for the probe (0 for a straight
beam or 90 probe, 45 for a 45 probe, etc.) Use the function keys to access preset
values or adjust in 0.1 adjustments using the slewing keys.
9.
Once the transducer is coupled to the block, adjust the pulser and filter settings to
create a clean A-scan. Press [PULSER] multiple times to permit access to the
various pulser functions. Press [RCVR] to go directly to the filter settings. Adjust
each function with the function keys or the slewing keys.
Chapter 9
Refer to section 5.4 on page 65 and section 5.5 on page 69 in this manual for
information on adjusting the Pulser Receiver.
9.2
If the EPOCH XT is set to metric units, the calibration process is exactly the same,
except that the entries below are in millimeters rather than inches.
Follow the initial setup procedure outlined above. Connect the transducer to an
appropriate cable and then connect the cable to either of the transducer posts on
the EPOCH XT.
2.
Press [CAL]. A calibration symbol appears to the right of the A-scan, signifying
the EPOCH XT is in the Auto Calibration mode. To exit the Auto Calibration
mode at any point, press [CAL] again.
3.
Couple the transducer to the THIN calibration block step. For this example, the
transducer is coupled to the 0.200 in. step (depending on the frequency of the
contact transducer being used, it might be impossible to obtain a proper reading
on very thin material).
93
4.
Position Gate 1 so that the first back-wall echo from the known thickness step is
exceeding the gate threshold. Adjust the gain setting so that the echo amplitude is
at approximately 80 %.
Figure 9-1 Calibrating for a thin block using a straight beam transducer
5.
94
A thickness reading appears in large text above the A-scan. Once a steady reading
is achieved, press [ZERO]. The screen freezes and a pop-up box appears on the
screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the exact known thickness of the
test sample. For this example, press [0] [.] [2] [0] [0], or [.] [2]. The entry appears in
the pop-up box. If you enter an incorrect number, press the [ZERO|DELETE] key
multiple times to clear the entry and then type the correct thickness. Press [F1] to
continue.
Chapter 9
6.
Couple the transducer to the THICK calibration block step. In this example, the
transducer is coupled to the 0.500 in. step.
7.
Position Gate 1 so that the first back-wall echo from the known thickness step is
exceeding the gate threshold. Adjust the gain setting so that the echo amplitude is
approximately 80 %.
Figure 9-3 Calibrating for a thick block using a straight beam transducer
Calibrating the EPOCH XT
95
8.
A thickness reading appears in large text above the A-scan. Once a steady reading
is achieved, press [CAL], then [VEL]. The screen freezes and a pop-up box
appears again on the screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the exact
known thickness of the test sample. For this example, press [0] [.][5] [0] [0], or [.]
[5]. The entry appears in the pop-up box. If you enter an incorrect number, press
the [ZERO|DELETE] key multiple times to clear the entry and then type the
correct thickness.
9.
Press [F2] to calculate and complete the calibration. The Zero (Offset) and
Velocity parameters adjust automatically, and the correct thickness reading of any
gated echo displays on the screen. Note that the range might have changed
slightly due to the change in velocity during the calibration.
It is possible to use the Auto Calibration feature on a single test block of known
thickness. You can use multiple back-wall echoes instead of coupling on both a thin
step and a thick step. You can leave the transducer coupled on the thin step, move the
gate over to one of the multiple back-wall echoes, and enter the correct sound path
thickness (2, 3, 4, etc. multiple of the first back-wall echo) during the velocity portion
of the calibration.
96
Chapter 9
9.3
If the EPOCH XT is set to work in metric units, the calibration process is exactly the
same, except that the entries below are in millimeters, rather than inches.
Follow the initial setup procedure outlined in section 9.1 on page 92. Connect the
transducer to an appropriate cable and then connect the cable to the transducer
post on the EPOCH XT. With a zero offset of 0.000 s, the main bang (or excitation
pulse) should appear on the left side of the screen. Increase the zero offset until
the main bang moves off the left side of the screen and the interface echo from the
end of the delay line tip appears on the screen. Verify that the echo represents the
end of the delay by tapping a finger on the end of the couplant-coated delay line.
This dampens the signal and the echo should jump up and down on the screen.
Use the zero offset to move this echo to the left side of the screen so that it is
barely visible.
2.
Press [CAL]. A calibration symbol appears to the right of the A-scan, signifying
that the EPOCH XT is in the Auto Calibration mode. To exit the Auto Calibration
mode at any point, press [CAL] again.
3.
Couple the transducer to the THIN calibration block step. For this example, the
transducer is coupled to the 0.100 in. step.
4.
Position Gate 1 so that the first back-wall echo from the known thickness step
exceeds the gate threshold. Adjust the gain setting so that the echo amplitude is
approximately 80 %. A thickness reading appears in large text above the A-scan.
97
Ensure that it is the first back-wall echo being gated, not a multiple echo from the end
of the delay line tip.
Figure 9-5 Calibrating for a thin block using a delay line transducer
5.
98
Press [ZERO] once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a pop-up box
appears on the screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the exact known
thickness of the test sample. For this example, press [0] [.] [1] [0] [0]. The entry
appears in the pop-up box. If you enter an incorrect number, press the
[ZERO|DELETE] key multiple times to clear the entry and then type the correct
thickness.
Chapter 9
6.
7.
The display returns to the live A-scan. Couple the transducer to the THICK
calibration block step. For this example, the transducer is coupled to the 0.500 in.
step.
8.
Position Gate 1 so that the first back-wall echo from the known thickness step
exceeds the gate threshold. Adjust the gain setting so that the echo amplitude is
approximately 80 %. A thickness reading appears in large text above the A-scan.
99
Figure 9-7 Calibrating for a thick block using a delay line transducer
9.
100
Press [CAL], then [VEL] once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a
pop-up box appears again on the screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter
the exact known thickness of the test sample. For this example, press [0] [.] [5] [0]
[0]. The entry appears in the pop-up box. If you enter an incorrect number, press
the [ZERO|DELETE] key multiple times to clear the entry and then type the
correct thickness.
Chapter 9
10. Press [F2] to calculate and complete the Auto Calibration. The Zero (offset) and
Velocity parameters adjust automatically, and the correct thickness reading of any
gated echo is displayed on the screen. Note that the range might have changed
slightly due to the change in velocity during the calibration.
It is possible to use Auto Calibration on a single test block of known thickness. You
can use multiple back-wall echoes instead of coupling on both a thin step and a thick
step. You can leave the transducer-coupled on the thin step, and instead move the gate
over to one of the multiple back-wall echoes and then enter the correct sound path
thickness (2, 3, 4, etc. multiple of the first back-wall echo) during the velocity portion
of the calibration.
9.4
101
should represent thicknesses that are both below and above the expected thickness of
the material to be inspected. For this example, we are using Olympus standard 5-step
steel test block, part number 2214E. It has steps measuring 0.100 in., 0.200 in.,
0.300 in., 0.400 in., and 0.500 in.
If the EPOCH XT is set to work in metric units, the calibration process is exactly the
same, except that the entries below are in millimeters, rather than inches.
The zero offset value of dual element transducers can vary significantly at extreme
temperatures. If the temperature changes more than a few degrees from the
temperature at which the zero offset value was established, recheck its value. If
thickness measurements are to be made over a wide temperature range, we strongly
recommend the use of Olympus dual transducers that are designed for
high-temperature applications and that have built-in delay lines with a stable sound
velocity that does not change significantly with temperature. Specific
recommendations are Olympus D790-SM and D791 dual element transducers.
102
Follow the initial setup procedure outlined in section 9.1 on page 92. Connect the
transducer to an appropriate cable and then connect the cable to the transducer
posts on the EPOCH XT. Change the test mode to Dual. Also, when using a dual
element transducer, the Gain setting is generally set very high so that the leading
edge of the back wall echoes appear as nearly vertical lines on the screen. The
leading edge is then used when making thickness measurements. For this reason,
Chapter 9
the EPOCH XT should be set to Edge Detection mode (in the Gates tab under the
MEAS SETUP menu).
2.
Press [CAL]. A Calibration symbol appears to the right of the A-scan, signifying
that the EPOCH XT is in the Auto Calibration mode. To exit the Auto Calibration
mode at any point, press [CAL] again.
3.
Couple the transducer to the THIN calibration block step. For this example, the
transducer is coupled to the 0.100 in. step. As noted above, a higher Gain setting
is required to produce a clean leading edge of the signal. Do not be concerned
with the jagged peaks of the echo. Concentrate on the leading edge only.
4.
Position Gate 1 so that the leading edge of the back-wall echo from the known
thickness step exceeds the gate threshold. A thickness reading appears in large
text above the A-scan.
Figure 9-9 Calibrating for a thin block using a dual element transducer
5.
Press [ZERO] once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a dialog box
appears on the screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the exact known
thickness of the test sample. For this example, press [0] [.] [1] [0] [0]. The entry
appears in the dialog box. If you enter an incorrect number, press the
[ZERO|DELETE] key multiple times to clear the entry and then type the correct
thickness.
103
104
6.
7.
The display returns to the live A-scan. Couple the transducer to the THICK
calibration block step. For this example, the transducer is coupled to the 0.500 in.
step.
8.
Position Gate 1 so that the leading edge of the back-wall echo from the known
thickness step exceeds the gate threshold. A thickness reading appears in large
text above the A-scan.
Chapter 9
Figure 9-11 Calibrating for a thick block using a dual element transducer
9.
Press [CAL], then [VEL] once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a
pop-up box appears again on the screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter
the exact known thickness of the test sample. For this example, press [0] [.] [5] [0]
[0]. The entry appears in the pop-up box. If you enter an incorrect number, press
the [ZERO|DELETE] key multiple times to clear the entry and then type the
correct thickness.
105
10. Press [F2] (Calculate) to complete the Auto Calibration. The Zero (Offset) and
Velocity parameters adjust automatically, and the correct thickness reading of any
gated echo is displayed on the screen. Note that the range might have changed
slightly due to the change in velocity during the calibration.
9.5
106
1.
Follow the initial setup procedure outlined in section 9.1 on page 92. Connect the
transducer to an appropriate cable and then connect the cable to the transducer
post on the EPOCH XT.
2.
Enter the correct refracted angle for the transducer/wedge combination. For this
example, enter 45.
Chapter 9
3.
Enter the approximate shear wave velocity of the material being inspected. For
this example using carbon steel, enter a velocity of 0.1280 in./s (3,251 mm/s if
working in metric units).
4.
Enter an appropriate range for the test block being used. For this example, enter a
range of 10.00 in. (250.00 mm if working in metric units).
Review sections 9.5.1 on page 107 to 9.5.4 on page 114 for the following procedures:
If the EPOCH XT is set to work in metric units in each procedure listed above, the
calibration process is exactly the same, except that the entries are in millimeters,
rather than inches.
9.5.1
IIW TYPE 1
Reference Block
107
2.
Manipulate the probe until a high-amplitude signal appears on the screen after
the main bang. This is the reflection from the large arc of the block that is located
on the Type I block at 4 in. (101 mm).
3.
Move the probe forward and backwards to bring the echo to its maximum
amplitude (peak). Ensure that the echoes do not exceed 100 %. Reduce the Gain
setting if necessary.
The Peak Memory feature on the EPOCH XT is an excellent tool to help find the BIP.
Press [PEAK MEM] to turn on the feature. This feature draws and collects the echo
envelope of the signal while also drawing the live waveform. Match the live
waveform with the maximum point corresponding to the previously accumulated
echo-dynamic curve. Refer to Figure 9-14 on page 108 for a detailed schematic for
using the Peak Memory feature to find the BIP. Press [PEAK MEM] again to turn off
the feature.
4.
108
Hold the probe stationary once you have peaked up the signal and mark the side
of the transducer wedge directly over the 0 mark on the block. This is the BIP
the point at which the sound leaves the wedge and enters the material with
maximum energy.
Chapter 9
9.5.2
The refracted angle of the probe should already have been entered in the EPOCH XT
in the initial steps of the calibration procedure. Although the wedge might be marked
45, for example, the actual refracted angle could be slightly different due to the
properties of the test material or the amount of wear on the wedge. It is necessary to
verify the actual angle. This ensures that the EPOCH XTs sound path calculations are
accurate.
Position the probe over the appropriate angle mark on the block, which is 45 in
this example.
IIW TYPE 1
Reference Block
2.
Move the probe forward and backwards to peak up the echo coming from the
large circular hole in the side of the block. The circular hole may be filled with an
acrylic plug, but the procedure is the same.
The Peak Memory feature on the EPOCH XT is an excellent tool to help find the peak
of the signal.
3.
Hold the probe stationary once you have peaked up the signal. Note the degree
mark on the block that lines up with the BIP, which you marked on the side of the
wedge in the previous step. This is the actual refracted angle (Beta) for this
particular transducer and wedge in steel. If this value for Beta differs from the
value entered previously, enter the corrected angle now using the [ANGLE] key
and the slewing keys.
Calibrating the EPOCH XT
109
9.5.3
This step differs depending on which type of IIW calibration block is used.
The ASTM E-164 IIW Type I Block, which has a crescent cut in the side, produces
echoes at 4.0 in. (101.1 mm) and 9.0 in. (228.6 mm) on the screen. The U.S. Air Force
IIW Type II Block, which has a large cutout in the side, produces echoes at 2 in. and
4 in. on the screen. The procedure to follow uses the Olympus IIW Type I carbon steel
calibration block, part number TB7541-1.
We recommend that the EPOCH XTs Range parameter be set to 10 in. (254 mm) for
this step. Regardless of whether a Type I or Type II Calibration block is used, this
should ensure that the echoes from the block are visible on screen.
110
1.
Couple the probe to the block so that the BIP is directly over the 0 mark on the
ASTM test block (or the Air Force block). Do not move the transducer from this
point during this step.
2.
Press [CAL]. A calibration symbol appears to the right of the A-scan, signifying
the EPOCH XT is in Auto Calibration mode. To exit the Auto Calibration mode at
any point, press [CAL] again.
3.
Position Gate 1 so that the echo reflection from the 4 in. arc (this should be the
first large echo after the main bang) is exceeding the gate threshold.
4.
Chapter 9
5.
Press [ZERO] (Offset) once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a dialog
box appears on the screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the exact known
sound path distance for this arc. For this example, press [4] [.] [0] [0] [0]. The entry
appears in the dialog box. If you enter an incorrect number, press the
[ZERO|DELETE] key multiple times to clear the entry and then type the correct
thickness.
111
6.
7.
Position Gate 1 so that the echo from the 1 in. crescent exceeds the gate threshold.
This echo is generally located at approximately the ninth or tenth screen division
and is usually the third echo after the main bang.
8.
Another echo might be present on the screen at approximately the eighth or ninth
screen division. Disregard this echo as it is usually the result of beam spreading and
sound bouncing off the side of the block. Ensure Gate 1 is not over this echo.
112
Chapter 9
9.
Press [CAL], then [VEL] once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a
dialog box appears again on the screen. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the
exact known sound path distance for this crescent. For this example, press [9], [.],
[0], [0], [0]. If you enter an incorrect number, press the [ZERO|DELETE] key
multiple times to clear the entry and then type the correct thickness.
113
10. Press [F2] to calculate and complete the Auto Calibration. The Zero (Offset) and
Velocity parameters adjust automatically, and the correct sound path readings of
any gated echoes are displayed on the screen. Note that the range might have
changed slightly due to the change in velocity during the calibration.
9.5.4
The final step in the angle beam calibration is to calibrate for sensitivity. This lets you
set up a reference gain level.
Couple the probe to the IIW calibration block so that the transducer is aimed at
the 0.060 in. diameter side-drilled hole, which is used as a reference reflector.
IWW TYPE 1
Reference Block
Figure 9-20 IIW calibration block with 0.060 in. diameter drilled hole
2.
Move the probe forward and backwards until you have peaked up the return
signal from the hole (that is, found the maximum amplitude). Do not confuse the
reference-reflector echo from the side of the block.
The Peak Memory feature on the EPOCH XT is an excellent tool to help find the signal
peak.
3.
114
Adjust the system sensitivity (Gain) up or down once the echo is peaked up to
bring the reference reflector signal to a predetermined reference line on the
screen. In this example, the echo is brought to 80 % of full-screen height.
Chapter 9
4.
Press [2ND F], [GAIN] (REF GAIN) to lock in the reference-gain level. Scanning
gain can now be added/subtracted from this reference gain level.
5.
Press the function keys once the reference-gain functions are activated to select
between adding or subtracting in 0.1 dB or 6.0 dB increments.
115
116
Chapter 9
This chapter describes how to manage the EPOCH XTs internal data logger. Olympus
has designed the data logger for ease of use and a wide range of file types and
features for flaw detection and corrosion-thickness gaging requirements. The data
logger includes the following capabilities:
File Description, Inspector ID, and Location Note field for every file
Calibration files
Incremental files
Sequential files
2-D EPRI
Boiler files
Ability to edit files and add and delete IDs, rename files, clear file contents,
and delete files
File summary screen for measurement review without A-scan and setup
117
Reporting
Printing
Instrument Resets
File name
Alarm conditions
A-scan waveform
The EPOCH XT data logger can store up to 10,000 IDs with the information listed
above. All data is stored for every ID that you choose to save.
118
Chapter 10
10.2.1
You must create a data file before any information can be stored in the EPOCH XT.
This can be done onboard, or the file(s) can be created in the GageView Pro interface
program and downloaded to the instrument. To create files onboard the instrument,
enter the Data logger menu and access the Create tab shown in the following
illustration:
119
Once you have entered all of the desired information in the Create tab, you can press
[F1] (Create) to create the data file and place it in the instruments list of available files
shown in section 10.2 on page 119 of this manual.
10.2.2
The EPOCH XT allows you to create many file types based on application
requirements. The file types that are available are similar to the EPOCH 4 series of
ultrasonic flaw detectors and to the Panametrics 37DL PLUS corrosion thickness
gage from Olympus. The following sections provide information regarding each file
type.
120
Chapter 10
10.2.2.1
Calibration
A Calibration file is a special file type designed specifically for storing calibration
setups. Calibration files have space to store one single ID with its corresponding
waveform and data. Users often create separate calibration files for the different
transducers, materials, or test parts that are being used. The advantage to storing
setup data in calibration files is that the data can then be quickly recalled to the live
screen using the Quick Recall function (see section 10.2.6 on page 143 for further
information).
Press [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The Data logger menu opens.
2.
Press [F1] (NEXT) to highlight the Create tab. Press [ENTER] to access the Create
tab.
3.
Use the up and down arrow keys to select the calibration (CAL) file type. To
continue, press [ENTER].
4.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired file name. To continue, press
[ENTER].
5.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired ID prefix. To continue, press
[ENTER].
6.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the Starting ID. To continue, press
[ENTER].
7.
8.
Press [F1] to Create the file. The instrument returns to the Open tab. Once the file
has been placed in the file list, you can use the file for data storage.
If the calibration file already contains saved information, the EPOCH XT displays the
prompt below to warn you and to ask if the existing data should be overwritten. You
can also enter the data logger and clear the ID in the Calibration file and then save
data into the open ID.
121
10.2.2.2
Incremental
Digits are cycled 0, 1, 2, ..., 9, 0, etc. The 9 to 0 transition is done only after
incrementing the character to the left. Letters are cycled A, B, C, ..., Z, A, etc.
The Z to A transition is done only after incrementing the character to the left.
In either case, if there is no character to the left or if the character to the left is
a punctuation mark, then the ID number cannot increment.
To make the instrument increment through a range of numbers several digits wide
while beginning with a single digit ID number, the maximum number of digit
positions must be entered initially using leading zeroes. See Figure 10-1 on page 123.
122
Chapter 10
Press [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The Data Logger menu opens.
2.
Press [F1] (NEXT) to highlight the Create tab. Press [ENTER] to access the Create
tab.
3.
Use the up and down arrow keys to select the incremental (INC) file type. To
continue, press [ENTER].
Managing the Instrument Data Logger
123
4.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired file name. To continue, press
[ENTER].
5.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired ID prefix. To continue, press
[ENTER].
6.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the Starting ID. To continue, press
[ENTER].
7.
8.
Press [F1] to Create the file. The instrument returns to the Open tab. Once the file
has been placed in the file list, you can use the file for data storage.
10.2.2.3
Sequential
A sequential file is defined by a starting and an ending ID number. The resulting file is
inclusive of the starting and ending points and all points in between.
124
Chapter 10
= XY-GY
XY-IB
file would contain the
list of ID numbers:
Press [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The Data Logger menu opens.
2.
Press [F1] (NEXT) to highlight the Create tab. Press [ENTER] to access the Create
tab.
3.
Use the up and down arrow keys to select the sequential SEQ file type. To
continue, press [ENTER].
4.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired file name. To continue, press
[ENTER].
5.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired ID prefix. To continue, press
[ENTER].
6.
Use the up and down arrow keys to enter the desired increment step.
7.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the start column (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
8.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end column (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
9.
10. Press [F1] to Create the file. The instrument returns to the Open tab. Once the file
has been placed in the file list, you can use the file for data storage.
10.2.2.4
125
The following example describes measurements along a pipe or tube where at each ID
number location you can take a measurement at top, bottom, left, and right of the
pipe.
Table 7 Example of starting ID# = XYZ1267
Starting ID# = XYZ1267
Ending ID# = XYZ1393
Custom Points = TOP
BOTTOM
LEFT
RIGHT
Resulting file would contain the following
list of ID numbers:
XYZ1267TOP
XYZ1267BOTTOM
XYZ1267LEFT
XYZ1267RIGHT
XYZ1268TOP
XYZ1268BOTTOM
XYZ1268LEFT
.
.
.
XYZ1393RIGHT
You can enter up to 20 custom points. The total number of characters in an ID with
Custom Points is 19.
126
1.
Press [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The Data Logger menu opens.
2.
Press [F1] (NEXT) to highlight the Create tab. Press [ENTER] to access the Create
tab.
3.
Use the up and down arrow keys to select the sequential with Custom Points
(SEQ+CPT) file type. To continue, press [ENTER].
4.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired file name. To continue, press
[ENTER].
5.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired ID prefix. To continue, press
[ENTER].
6.
Use the up and down arrow keys to enter the desired increment step.
Chapter 10
7.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the start column (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
8.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end column (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
9.
Enter the first custom point with the alphanumeric keypad. Press [F1] to insert the
custom point into the list below the entry box.
10. To enter another Custom Point, edit the name with the alphanumeric keypad and
press insert. Repeat until all custom points are entered. The list can be reviewed
using the [F2] (PREVIOUS) and [F3] (NEXT) keys. Use [F4] (DELETE) to remove
a custom point.
11. When all custom points have been created, press the [ENTER] key to continue.
12. Enter file header information, if desired.
13. Press [F1] to create the file. The instrument returns to the Open tab. Once the file
has been placed in the file list, you can use the file for data storage.
10.2.2.5
Either the columns or the rows can be selected to increment first. Refer to the
following figure.
127
How is a grid used? A grid structure can associate one dimension of the grid (for
example, the columns) with the physical parts whose wall thickness is to be
measured. The particular measurement points on each part are then associated with
the other dimension of the grid (for example, the rows). See Figure 10-2 on page 129.
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ID number
Row
Column
Alternatively, the rows and columns of a grid can refer to 2-D map measurement
points on the surface of one part. In this case, a different grid is made for each part.
See Figure 10-3 on page 130.
129
Name: Elbow
Rows: 01 through 10
Columns: A through E
IDs: Elbow/A0 through Elbow/E10
Name: Tee
Rows: 1 through 4
Columns: 1 through 3
IDs: Tee/11 through Tee/34
130
1.
Press [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The Data Logger menu opens.
2.
Press [F1] (NEXT) to highlight the Create tab. Press [ENTER] to access the Create
tab.
3.
Use the up and down arrow keys to select the 2-D grid 2D file type. To continue,
press [ENTER].
4.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired file name. To continue, press
[ENTER].
5.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired ID prefix. To continue, press
[ENTER].
Chapter 10
6.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the start column (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
7.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end column (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
8.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the start row (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
9.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end row (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
10. Select the pattern type for ID incrementing (Standard or ZigZag). To continue,
press [ENTER].
11. Select the increment order (Row or Column). To continue, press [ENTER].
12. Enter file header information if desired.
13. Press [F1] to create the file. The instrument returns to the Open tab. Once the file
has been placed in the file list you can use the file for data storage.
10.2.2.6
131
Press [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The Data Logger menu opens.
2.
Press [F1] (NEXT) to highlight the Create tab. Press [ENTER] to access the Create
tab.
3.
Use the up and down arrow keys to select the 2D Grid with Custom Points
(2D+CPT) file type. To continue, press [ENTER].
4.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired file name. To continue, press
[ENTER].
5.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired ID prefix. To continue, press
[ENTER].
6.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the start column (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
7.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end column (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
8.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the start row (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
9.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end row (ID). To continue press
[ENTER].
10. Select the pattern type for ID incrementing (Standard or ZigZag). To continue,
press [ENTER].
11. Select the increment order (Row or Column). To continue, press [ENTER].
12. Enter the first custom point with the alphanumeric keypad. Press [F1] to insert the
custom point in the list below the entry box.
13. To enter another custom point, edit the name with the alphanumeric keypad and
press insert. Repeat until all custom points are entered. The list can be reviewed
using the [F2] (PREVIOUS) and [F3] (NEXT) keys. Use [F4] (DELETE) to remove
a custom point.
14. When all custom points have been created, press the [ENTER] key to continue.
15. Enter file-header information, if desired.
16. Press [F1] to create the file. The instrument returns to the Open tab. Once the file
has been placed in the file list, you can use the file for data storage.
10.2.2.7
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A 3-D (three-dimensional) sequence begins with the ID number that refers to the first
column, the first row and the first point. Then the point (or column, or row)
increments one value at a time until the sequence reaches the last point (or column, or
row) value while the other two dimension values stay constant. At this point another
dimension increments from its first to its next value. This continues until the ID
number that refers to the last column, last row and last point is reached. You can select
either columns, rows, or points to increment first and one of the remaining two
selections to increment second.
How is a 3-D grid used? A 3-D grid structure can associate two dimensions of the grid
(for example, the columns and rows) with the physical coordinates on the part whose
wall thickness is to be measured. The particular measurement points on each part are
then associated with the third dimension of the grid. This scenario allows multiple
readings to be stored at each grid coordinate.
Table 9 Example of 3-D grid
Start Col =
End Col = F
Start Row =
End Row = 4
Start Point
End Point =
A
1
= X
Z
Press [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The Data Logger menu opens. ([ID])
133
2.
Press [F1] (NEXT) to highlight the Create tab. Press [ENTER] to access the Create
tab.
3.
Use the up and down arrow keys to select the 3D Grid (3-D) file type. To
continue, press [ENTER].
4.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired file name. To continue, press
[ENTER].
5.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired ID prefix. To continue, press
[ENTER].
6.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the start point (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
7.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end point (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
8.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the start column (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
9.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end column (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
10. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the start row (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
11. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end row (ID). To continue, press
[ENTER].
12. Select the Pattern Type for ID incrementing (Standard or ZigZag). To continue,
press [ENTER].
13. Select which ID component with increment first. To continue, press [ENTER].
14. Select which ID component with increment second. To continue, press [ENTER].
15. Enter file-header information, if desired.
16. Press [F1] to create the file. The instrument returns to the Open tab. Once the file
has been placed in the file list, you can use the file for data storage.
10.2.2.8
Boiler
A Boiler file is a special file type designed specifically for boiler applications. A
common method for identifying a thickness measurement location is by a 3-D
approach. The first dimension is Elevation, which refers to the physical distance from
the bottom to the top of the boiler. The second dimension is Tube Number, which
refers to the number of boiler tubes that need inspection. The third dimension is the
Custom Point, which refers to the actual thickness reading location at the specified
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elevation on the specified tube. When these three dimensions are combined, a single
ID number is formed to precisely identify the exact location of each thickness reading.
For example:
Table 10 Example of Boiler
Elevations = 10ft-, 20ft-, 45ft-. 100ftStart Tube = 01
End Tube = 73
Custom Points = L,C, R (left, center, right)
The resulting file would contain the following list of ID numbers:
10ft-01L
10ft-01C
10ft-01R
10ft-02L
.
.
.
10ft-73R
20ft-10L
.
.
.
100ft-73C
100ft-73R
(This example assumes that you have chosen to increment the custom
points first, tube number second, and elevation third. You can
choose alternate incrementing methods.)
Press [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The Data Logger menu opens.
2.
Press [F1] (NEXT) to highlight the Create tab. Press [ENTER] to access the Create
tab.
3.
Use the up and down arrow keys to select the boiler (BOILER) file type. To
continue, press [ENTER].
4.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired file name. To continue, press
[ENTER].
5.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the desired ID prefix. To continue, press
[ENTER].
6.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the start tube. To continue, press [ENTER].
135
7.
Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter the end tube. To continue, press [ENTER].
8.
9.
10. Select which ID component with increment second. To continue, press [ENTER].
11. Enter the first custom point with the alphanumeric keypad. Press [F1] to insert the
custom point into the list below the entry box.
12. To enter another custom point edit the name with the alphanumeric keypad and
press insert. Repeat until all custom points are entered. The list can be reviewed
using the [F2] (PREVIOUS) and [F3] (NEXT) keys. Use [F4] (DELETE) to remove
a custom point.
13. When all custom points have been created, press the [ENTER] key to continue.
14. Enter the first elevation with the alphanumeric keypad. Press [F1] to insert the
elevation into the list below the entry box.
15. To enter another elevation, edit the name with the alphanumeric keypad and
press insert. Repeat until all elevations are entered. The list can be reviewed using
the [F2] and [F3] (NEXT) keys. Use [F4] (DELETE) to remove a elevation.
16. When all elevations have been created, press the [ENTER] key to continue.
17. Use the alphanumeric keypad to enter start column (ID). To continue press
[ENTER].
18. Enter file header information, if desired.
19. Press [F1] to create the file. The instrument returns to the Open tab. Once the file
has been placed in the file list, you can use the file for data storage.
10.2.2.9
2-D EPRI
The 2-D EPRI file type is the same as the standard 2-D grid file type except for a minor
change in the way alpha characters increment:
136
1.
Standard 2-D Grid File: Refers to the standard incrementing columns that start at
A and extend past Z. Example: Start Column: A; End Column: AD; Column
Result: A, B, C...X, Y, Z, AA, AB, AC, AD.
2.
EPRI 2-D Grid File: Refers to custom incrementing columns that start at A and
extend past Z. Example: Start Column: A; End Column: CC; Column Result: A, B,
C...Z, AA, BB, CC.
Chapter 10
10.2.3
The EPOCH XT lists all files that have been created or downloaded to the instrument
in a list within the Data Logger menu > Open tab. This screen provides you with a list
of files, their file type (INC, SEQ, 2D, etc.), the date and time of creation, and any file
header information that was entered when the file was created.
The screen below shows the Open tab:
The highlighted file TEST is an incremental file. To open this file, you simply need
to press the [F1] (Open) key. This brings you back to the live screen and the active file
is now TEST. This is illustrated as follows:
137
The Open function does not recall any instrument setup or calibration to the live
screen. This function simply opens the selected file so you can save data.
Once the file has been opened, you can begin saving data by pressing the [SAVE] key.
The EPOCH XT attempts to save data to the ID displayed. In most cases the ID does
not already contain data. However, in some cases the ID already contains saved
information. If this happens the EPOCH XT displays the prompt below to warn you
and to ask if the existing data should be overwritten.
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When there is an active file open and you press the ID key, there are four choices that
are displayed above the function keys (shown above):
Find You are able to enter an ID number and have the instrument search for
it within the active file. If it is located, the instrument jumps there.
Insert You are able to insert a new ID within the active file. If you attempt to
insert an ID when there is no active file, the EPOCH XT displays a message
No Survey Selected at the bottom of the display.
10.2.4
The EPOCH XT allows you to save data whenever there is an active file (survey) and
an ID has been entered. Files are created in the Data Logger menu (as described in
section 10.2.1 on page 119 of this manual) or in GageView Pro and then transferred to
the EPOCH XT.
In order to save data within a file, press the [SAVE] key. If there is no active ID then
the instrument displays the error message No active ID at the bottom of the display.
You must have an active file (survey) and an ID entered before saving data.
When you press the [SAVE] key, the EPOCH XT saves the following information:
Filename
Managing the Instrument Data Logger
139
ID
A-scan waveform
Alarm information
10.2.5
The EPOCH XT allows you to review inspection data and calibrations on the
instrument. There are two main methods for this: File Summary and File Review.
File Summary shows you a table that lists IDs and all saved measurements in
each ID location. This view does not show the instrument setup or the A-scan.
This feature is typically used to review data files where the inspector is
primarily interested in thickness measurements. This function is also used to
review saved measurements for other applications since the EPOCH XT is
capable of storing many measurement types and up to 5 measurements can
be saved within each ID.
To access File Summary and File Review, you must enter the Data Logger menu >
Open tab and then select the file to review. This is shown in the screen below:
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Chapter 10
To enter the File Summary screen, you must press [F3] (Summary). To enter the File
Review screen, press [F2] (Contents).
The File Summary screen is shown below:
141
Each set of two rows in the File Summary screen represents data from one ID. In the
example above there are 5 saved IDs: ID001, ID002, ID003, ID004, and ID005. Each ID
was saved with 4 measurements listed in separate columns with their measurement
icon. For each ID, the unit (in., mm, s) is also displayed in the fourth column, upper
row.
Within this view, you have the option to [F1] (CLEAR), [F2] (DELETE), and [F5]
[CANCEL]. (CLEAR) removes all ID data from the file. (DELETE) deletes the entire
file, and (CANCEL) returns you to the previous screen.
The File Review screen is shown below:
This window is scrollable using the up and down arrow keys. The left and right arrow
keys are used to jump from one ID to the next. Alternatively, you can use the [F1]
(First), [F2] (Last), and [F5] (Find) functions to jump to particular areas within the file.
This is useful when many IDs have been saved within a file. The [F4] (Clear) function
clears the data from the selected ID. The ID itself remains so that new data can be
saved in that location.
The full file review screen for the example file shown in the screen above has been
combined and displayed below. The entire instrument setup and all other data are
displayed for operator review.
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10.2.6
To recall a stored instrument setup (calibration), you can either access the File Review
screen discussed in section 10.2.5 on page 140 of this manual (previous section), or use
the quick recall calibration function.
Once you have selected the file of interest and entered the File Review screen, you
must select the ID that contains the instrument setup to be recalled. The File Review
screen is shown below:
143
You must locate the proper ID by using the left and right arrow keys or the [F1]
(First), [F2] (Last), and [F5] (Find) functions to jump to particular areas within the file.
Then press [F3] (Recall).
Calibration (CAL) file types can also be recalled through the Recall Setup function on
the unit. Pressing the [2ND F], [CAL] keys brings up a list of all the calibration (CAL)
file types that are stored on the unit. Once you have selected the calibration file to be
recalled, press [F1] (Recall) to recall the file.
Once the file has been recalled, you are brought back to the main instrument screen
and the instrument setup is displayed. The setup is not active. The state of the display
is now RECALL FREEZE. An R flag indicates this. To return to the live screen, press
the [MEAS RESET] key. See following screen:
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Chapter 10
At this point, the EPOCH XTs stored setup has been recalled, and you can begin to
use the instrument. It is always recommended that you recheck the calibration as
probe and wedge wear, temperature changes, and other factors that can affect the
accuracy of the calibration.
10.3 Reporting
The EPOCH XT has been designed to allow you to create basic reports on the
instrument and print them out in the field over the instruments USB host port. In
order to generate on onboard report, you must be able to set up the report header, set
up the printer output, and have access to a PCL5 compatible USB printer.
10.3.1
You can set up the report header in the Data logger menu > ReportSetup tab. The
Data logger menu is accessed by pressing [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The ReportSetup tab is
illustrated as follows:
145
You can customize all of the header titles and data. The information displayed above
is just an example. The information in the header is placed at the top of the reports
that are printed from the instrument.
10.3.2
Printing
The EPOCH XT is designed to directly print to any PCL5 compatible USB printer. You
must set up the printer in the Data Logger menu > ReportSetup tab shown below:
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Chapter 10
You can choose between PCL Laser or PCL Inkjet printer types. Draft Mode allows
you to print with less ink/toner if desired. You can also choose to print in color or
black and white.
Reports may be printed either from the live A-scan screen or from the File Review and
File Summary areas by pressing [2ND F], [ALPHA/NUM] (PRINT). If you print from
the live screen, a preview that looks like the file review screen appears first. An
example report is shown as follows:
147
148
Chapter 10
10.3.3
Instrument Resets
The EPOCH XT can be reset to factory parameters if needed. The instrument resets
are located in the Data Logger menu > Resets tab. There are five choices available:
149
150
Chapter 10
The EPOCH XT comes standard with DAC/TVG and has five onboard software
options: DGS/AVG, AWS D1.1/D1.5, B-scan, Floating Gate, and Advanced Filters.
These features are accessed within the [MEAS SETUP] menu under the Options tab.
The screen below shows this location:
11.1
All of the available options are listed in the [MEAS SETUP] menu > Options tab. If an
option is active in the instrument, then you are able to highlight it and see the option
setup parameters on the right side of the tab. If the option is not active, the instrument
displays a red line through the option, and the option is not available.
151
The software options can be added to the EPOCH XT at an additional cost. This
activation can be performed at the factory before the instrument is shipped or it can be
done remotely with an access code. You must contact Olympus to have access codes
generated. These codes are entered in the [INST SETUP] menu > Status tab shown as
follows:
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11.2
11.2.1
DAC/TVG
Description
153
The EPOCH XT DAC/TVG feature allows you to toggle between DAC and TVG views
in many of its modes, giving freedom to use both techniques during a single
inspection. When you switch from DAC to TVG view, the DAC curves are displayed
as TVG lines across the screen. The time-varied gain effectively amplifies the signals
across the time base to make the DAC curves appear as straight lines across the
screen.
You can customize DAC/TVG setups to their unique application requirements using
the flexible DAC/TVG software feature for the EPOCH XT. The DAC/TVG feature
incorporates several DAC/TVG modes that adhere to ASME, ASME-3, and JIS sizing
codes. The software offers direct control of gain, range, zero offset, and delay, as well
as scanning gain and transfer correction. In addition, the DAC/TVG option provides
new features such as 20 % to 80 % DAC curves, customizable DAC curves, and a
user-defined TVG table to meet advanced and unique inspection needs.
11.2.2
Prior to the activation of any options associated with DAC/TVG, the instrument must
be properly calibrated to the material being inspected. The DAC/TVG option is
located under the [MEAS SETUP] menu > Options tab. To begin the activation
process, enter the [MEAS SETUP] menu > Options tab, highlight DAC/TVG and
press the [ENTER] key. Use the arrow keys or the function keys to highlight the
desired DAC/TVG function. An example of this is shown as follows:
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Chapter 11
You can also choose to apply a feature known as reference correction (REF
CORRECT) to the digital analysis of the live A-scan and DAC/TVG option. The
reference correction feature, when activated, permits full gain manipulation of either
the live echo peaks or the DAC curve while providing the % amplitude or dB
comparison of the actual peak-to-curve ratio. In this way, you can use scanning gain,
while maintaining an accurate digital measurement of the ratio of the gated peak to
the DAC curve for sizing purposes. The gated echo amplitude is corrected back to the
Reference Gain level for amplitude evaluation compared to the DAC curve.
Once you have selected the type of DAC/TVG setup for the application, press the
[MEAS RESET] key to return to the live A-scan screen to begin DAC/TVG setup.
In the sections below, all DAC/TVG modes are covered. The DAC/TVG setup
procedure is the same for all modes with the exception of TVG table. The setup is
covered in detail in the ASME / ASME-3 section to follow. Any differences in the
procedure to set up other DAC/TVG modes are discussed in the pertinent section for
that particular mode.
11.2.3
The ASME DAC mode is a single DAC curve drawn from peak to peak on reference
reflectors. The ASME-3 mode draws three DAC curves: one main curve from peak to
peak on the reference reflectors and two warning curves at 6 dB and 14 dB
compared to the main curve.
155
11.2.4
Once you have entered the [MEAS SETUP] menu > Options tab and selected
ASME-3 as the DAC/TVG mode, press [MEAS/RESET] to return to the live
instrument screen. The instrument screen appears as follows:
To capture DAC points, you must move Gate 1 to the echo, press [F5] (AUTO80 %) to
bring the echo to 80 % FSH, and press [F1] to capture the point. The screen below
shows the first point captured. An symbol has been placed on the echo peak.
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The screen as follows shows the EPOCH XT display when the second point has been
captured:
The instrument has drawn the three DAC curves from the first point to the second.
The AUTO80 % function has been used to bring the second point to 80 % full-screen
height. This assures that the point is captured accurately because amplitude
resolution is better at greater echo heights. This also pushes the first captured echo
over 110 % FSH so the Main DAC curve and the 6 dB warning curve extend
downward to the second point from off-screen.
Software Features and Options
157
While you are capturing DAC points (after 2 have been captured), you have the
option to:
The following screen shows the DAC setup after 5 points have been captured. All
points were brought to 80 % FSH before capture.
If you would like to continue from the point and capture additional points, you can
increase the instrument range or increase the display delay to view echoes further out
in time. If the setup is complete, then press [F4] (Done) to complete the setup. The
instrument returns to its base gain and displays the DAC setup. This is shown below:
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Chapter 11
Now that DAC is active, the instrument has some special settings available for
adjustment:
TVGView [F1] key You can press [F1] to activate the TVG view for the
active DAC/TVG setup. The TVG view for the setup above is shown below:
159
The DAC curves have become TVG lines across the screen.
DACGain above [F2] This is a gain setting that affects the DAC curves and
the onscreen echoes allowing to compare amplitude at code compliant screen
levels across the time base. More details are given in section 11.2.5 on
page 161.
GainStep above [F3] This setting selects the step (0.1 dB, 1 dB, 3 dB, 6 dB,
12 dB) for the DAC GAIN adjustment.
NextDAC above [F5] With this setting you can cycle through the available
DAC curves (if more than one is available) for amplitude comparison with
on-screen echoes.
While DAC/TVG is active, you have full control of the Range, Delay, and Zoom
settings. With this you can focus on areas of interest within the DAC setup. The
following screen shows a reduced range with delay:
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Chapter 11
11.2.5
The DAC/TVG software features three separate types of gain adjustment for each
DAC/TVG setup. These gain adjustments allow to inspection more precisely, with
easier manipulation of curves and live peak information, and transfer correction.
In order to quickly find and identify potential defects, it is commonly required by
code to increase the gain (scanning gain) on the EPOCH XT from the Reference
(calibration) Gain for scanning purposes. However, once a potential defect is
identified, this gain is usually removed to view the reflector at REF Gain level, set at
calibration. The DAC/TVG software for the EPOCH XT is fully capable of adding
temporary scanning gain for inspection purposes. This scanning gain only affects the
live A-scan and does not adjust the level of the DAC curve(s) set up on screen.
2.
Use the up and down arrow keys for coarse adjustment or the left and right arrow
keys for fine adjustment to bring the scanning gain to the desired level. The
scanning gain is displayed at the lower-left area of the screen.
3.
Once the desired scanning gain level is set, you can press [GAIN] and use the
Scan DB function key ([F2]) to toggle between the base (reference) gain or the
adjusted scanning gain.
4.
161
The screen below shows an ASME DAC setup with 3 dB of scanning gain added:
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Chapter 11
11.2.6
The overall gain level of the entire DAC curve and TVG line setup can be adjusted
higher or lower from the Reference Gain. Most inspection codes do not permit
reflectors to be sized below 20 % of FSH. Therefore, to inspect beyond a certain
depth/sound path time within a part, it is necessary to raise the gain of both the live
A-scan and the DAC curve to continue the inspection. This is accomplished on the
EPOCH XT using the DAC Curve Adjustment Gain.
This gain adjustment is displayed below the live A-scan next to the Delay setting at all
times.
Press the [F3] (GainStep) key to choose the increment of the gain adjustment
desired.
2.
Press the [F2] (DACGain) key and use the up and down arrows to adjust the
Curve Adjustment Gain by the selected increment either positive or negative.
The screen below shows a DAC setup with DAC gain in use to provide accurate echo
amplitude measurement by placing the echo close to 80 % FSH.
163
11.2.7
Transfer Correction
164
1.
2.
Use the up and down arrow keys for coarse adjustment or the left and right arrow
keys for fine adjustment to bring the scanning gain to the desired level for
Transfer Correction. The scanning gain is displayed at the lower-left area of the
screen.
3.
Once the desired scanning gain is displayed, press the Function Key [F1] (ADD)
to add the scanning gain to the base gain and to apply the transfer correction.
Chapter 11
11.2.8
JIS DAC
The Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) DAC mode is designed to meet the
requirements of JIS Z3060. The JIS DAC curve setup is identical to the standard
DAC/TVG setup. However, there are some minor functionality differences when
compared to other DAC/TVG modes:
11.2.9
Any of the six curves can be used to trip the alarm when in the JIS DAC mode.
Additionally, you can set the alarm to positive or negative. To select which
curve to be used as the alarm reference level, first activate JIS DAC and then
use the [F5] function key to select which curve to use for the alarm threshold.
The selected curve appears as a double thickness line. Once a curve has been
selected, an alarm can be activated and set to be either positive or negative
threshold detection by pressing [2ND F], [GATES] (ALARMS) and following
the prompts.
This DAC/TVG mode incorporates a combination of the DAC curve and TVG
techniques. For most sizing and inspection codes that utilize a DAC curve, the
inspector cannot interrogate a potential defect that does not rise above 20 % of FSH. In
the past, scanning gain is added to inspect these defects that appear further into a part
and only reflect below 20 %. The necessary gain adjustment is then noted to calculate
the flaw size.
The 20 %80 % DAC feature takes advantage of the TVG functionality of DAC/TVG to
create a DAC curve that only falls between 20 % and 80 % screen height. Any echo
that falls below 20 % FSH during setup has 12 dB added to it automatically. A new
DAC curve section starting at 80 % FSH is created. This setup divides the screen into
12 dB DAC Gain regions. The DAC Gain is displayed based on the location of the
gated echo in time.
165
The setup procedure for the 20 %80 % DAC is the same as the ASME & ASME-3
setup described earlier. The only difference is that you cannot use the AUTO80 %
function during the setup. The instrument automatically compensates for falling-echo
amplitude once an echo is captured below 20 % screen height.
Once the 20 %80 % DAC curve is completed, you can toggle between DAC and TVG
views, manipulate Range, Delay, Zero (Offset) and Angle, and also to add necessary
scanning gain or transfer correction. 20 %80 % DAC also incorporates the reference
correction functionality, if desired.
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1.
2.
Select DAC and press the [ENTER] key. Select the Custom DAC mode.
Chapter 11
3.
4.
Select the Number of Warning Curves to be used in addition to the Main Curve
(for example, when three (3) curves are activated, you see 4 curves in total).
5.
Set the dB level for each warning curve compared to the main curve.
6.
Press [MEAS/RESET] to return to the live screen and begin capturing DAC
points.
The Custom DAC/TVG setup and functionality are the same as ASME & ASME-3
discussed earlier in this section. The following screen shows a completed Custom
DAC/TVG.
167
Once the Custom DAC Curve points have been captured and completed, you have
full capability of toggling between DAC and TVG views, manipulating Range, Delay,
Zero (Offset), and Angle, and also adding necessary scanning gain, curve gain
adjustment or transfer correction. The TVG view of any Custom DAC Curve includes
the user-defined reference curves as well as the primary DAC curve. Custom DAC
Curve also incorporates the reference correction functionality, if desired.
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Chapter 11
11.2.11.1
Immersion Inspection
One of the main uses for the TVG Table function is in immersion setups. A standard
TVG curve can be created using a reference block to aid in flaw sizing prior to
immersion inspection. However, the interface echo during an immersion inspection
can be very high in amplitude, which can severely decrease the near-surface
inspection capabilities of the instrument. When using a TVG Table, you can manually
adjust the gain in the screen range right around the interface echo to suppress the
effects of the interface echo. Other echoes near the surface are then easier to see and
size.
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11.2.11.2
In many circumstances, a part must be inspected for flaws using a TVG curve to
determine the rejectability of any flaws found within the part, but the part is too large
or expensive to have a reference block of equal size and composition. The TVG Table
feature allows you to manually add points along the TVG curve and manipulate the
gain slope across the screen range to create an accurate TVG curve without a reference
block (typically this is accomplished using the DGS diagram that corresponds to the
particular material and transducer being used).
11.2.11.3
To activate and define the TVG Table feature of DAC/TVG, including customized TVG point
setup
1.
170
2.
3.
Select TVG Table and then press the [MEAS/RESET] key to return to the live
screen.
4.
You may now begin capturing points using Gate 1 and the [F1] key. This is shown
in progress in the following screen:
Chapter 11
Alternatively, press the [F5] (Edit) key to enter the TVG Table:
The previous screen shows the live A-scan with an empty TVG Table below it.
Press [F1] (Add) to add a point to the TVG Table. This becomes Point No. 1.
2.
Press [ENTER] to select the position adjustment. The instrument shows depth in
time-of-flight (TOF) and in the selected unit (in. or mm). These are tied together
Software Features and Options
171
for adjustment purposes. Use the arrow keys to move the cursor across the top of
the screen to the first TVG point.
172
3.
Press [ENTER] to select the gain adjustment (dB from REF). Use the arrow keys to
adjust the gain from REF setting. A TVG line appears on the screen as a visual
reference to show the gain level. In relation to the TVG line, the Y-Axis scale is
0 dB to 110 dB, or the total dynamic range of the TVG system.
4.
You may continue to Add or Insert points as needed to complete the TVG Table.
The following screen shows a TVG Table with 19 points. You can setup as many as
50 points.
5.
The TVG Table displays each point (from left to right on the screen) in sequential
order from top to bottom in the table. The points corresponding sound path time
(s), distance measurement (in in. or mm, if applicable), and gain level is
displayed across the screen.
6.
At any time during the TVG Table setup, you may press [F5] (Exit) to return to the
live screen with the TVG Table in its current state. This allows Range, Delay, Zero
(Offset), etc., to be adjusted as needed. You can then press [F5] (Exit) again to
return to the TVG Table setup.
7.
Once the TVG Table has been created, you must press [F5] (Exit), followed by [F4]
(Done). This completes the setup and locks the table. It cannot be edited further.
An illustration of a completed TVG Table follows in two screens. This setup is
designed to permit good near- and far-surface resolution by minimizing the initial
pulse size and the back-wall echo size. This setup also permits easy monitoring of
the back-wall echo amplitude using Gate 2.
Chapter 11
11.3
11.3.1
DGS/AVG
Description
The Onboard DGS/AVG option in the EPOCH XT permits complete DGS/AVG setups
to be performed on the instrument. With the DGS/AVG method you can size defects
based upon a calculated DGS/AVG curve for a given transducer, material, and
reflector size. This method requires that you have only one reference reflector in order
173
to create a DGS curve for flaw sizing. This is much different than the DAC or TVG
method that requires that you have representative defects at various depths within a
part in order to create a curve for flaw sizing.
In order for you to setup DGS/AVG curves on the instrument very quickly, Olympus
has developed a transducer library that is stored in the instruments memory. This
library contains the entire Atlas Series European specification transducers as well as
several other transducers that are commonly used by inspectors. The library includes
five categories:
1.
2.
3.
Dual Transducers
4.
5.
All required data for building DGS/AVG curves is stored in the instruments memory
for each transducer in the library. If an operator would like to use a probe that is not in
the default library, he/she can enter the required transducer characteristics in the
GageView Pro interface program and download them to the EPOCH XT. Probes that
are downloaded to the instrument appear in the Custom Transducers section of the
Transducer library.
The onboard DGS/AVG option provides you with rapid setup times and easy
flaw-size evaluation. This software option has been designed to meet the
requirements of EN 583-2:2001. It is extremely important that you be familiar with this
specification and others, and qualified according to local standards to properly use
this instrument function. Since the curves used for defect sizing are calculated based
upon many variables, a proper instrument setup is required for accurate results.
11.3.2
Option Activation
Before activating the DGS/AVG option, you must properly set up the EPOCH XTs
Pulser/Receiver settings for the transducer that is to be used. You should also perform
an instrument calibration.
To activate the DGS/AVG option after the instrument is properly setup and calibrated
1.
174
The DGS/AVG option is activated in the EPOCH XTs [MEAS SETUP] menu >
Options tab. Select DGS, press the [ENTER] key, and then press [F2] (On).
Chapter 11
2.
You must then choose the transducer and reference reflector that is to be used for
the DGS AVG setup. You can navigate through the Transducer library easily.
a)
Under Probe Type, select the proper library. For the example used in this
manual, we have selected Library Straight Beam. Press down to continue.
b)
Under Probe List, the instrument displays all probes in the selected library.
You must scroll through the list and select the probe. Press down to continue.
c)
Under Reflector Type, you find all of the potential reference reflectors for the
chosen probe.
For straight beam and dual probes, the available reflectors are:
Back wall
K1-IIW Block Arc If this option is selected, you are prompted to enter a
Delta Vk value later in the setup procedure. This value comes from the
DGS Diagram for the selected probe.
K2-DSC Block Arc If this option is selected, you are prompted to enter a
Delta Vk value later in the setup procedure. This value comes from the
DGS Diagram for the selected probe.
175
3.
176
You must now adjust several DGS/AVG setup parameters so the instrument can
draw the curves accurately. A screen of this menu is shown as follows:
DeltaVk (not shown above, used for Angle Beam Setup) Correction
value for angle beam transducers. This value is located on the DGS/AVG
diagram for the selected transducer.
Chapter 11
Registration Level This is the height of the main DGS/AVG curve. The
curve represents the amplitude from a flat-bottom hole with a diameter of
the Registration Level at different depths. This is usually equal to the
critical flaw size for the application.
AcvSpecimen This is the attenuation value in dB/m for the test piece
(specimen). In some cases, it is necessary to calculate the relative
attenuation within the test piece and enter the value here.
177
After pressing [MEAS/RESET] at the DGS/AVG Setup menu, you are brought to the
live A-scan screen similar to the previous screen. You must bring the echo from the
reference reflector to 80 % full-screen height and press the [F1] (Ref) key to capture
the echo. Once the reference echo has been captured, the instrument adjusts the gain
as needed and draw the DGS/AVG curves on the screen. This is shown in the
following screen:
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Chapter 11
In the view above, the instrument range has been adjusted to properly position the
DGS/AVG curves on the screen. This screen shows the main DGS/AVG curve and a
warning curve at 6 dB.
11.3.3
There are several methods for measuring the ultrasonic attenuation within a material.
Often the procedure is designed to measure absolute attenuation in a material. This
usually requires an immersion test setup and a time-consuming set of measurements.
For the purpose of flaw sizing with the DGS/AVG method, it might be suitable in
many conditions to measure relative attenuation in the test piece or calibration block
as needed. This section outlines one method of relative attenuation measurement that
is simple and has been found to be generally effective. There might be more suitable
179
methods available. You must decide the most appropriate method to arrive at the
values for AcvSpecimen and AcvCalBlock based on the application and local
requirements.
Measurements:
Vg = Gain difference between two successive back-wall echoes (d and 2d)
Ve = From DGS/AVG diagram. Gain difference on back-wall curve from 1st to 2nd
11.4
AWS D1.1/D1.5
11.4.1
Overview
The AWS D1.1 Software Option for the EPOCH XT has been created to assist
operators performing inspections covered under the American Welding Society D1.1
(or D1.5) Structural Welding Code for steel. This code provides you with a method to
classify discontinuities found in welds using ultrasonic inspection. This code uses the
following formula to develop an indication rating for a reflector found during an
inspection:
ABC=D
A = Discontinuity Indication Level (dB)
B = Reference Indication Level (dB)
C = Attenuation Factor: 2*(sound path in inches 1 in.) (dB)
D = Indication Rating (dB)
The AWS D1.1/D1.5 inspector must take the Indication Rating (D) that is calculated
based on A, B, and C to an Ultrasonic Acceptance Rejection Criteria table
produced by the AWS in order to classify the severity of the discontinuity that has
been located. As an inspection is performed, you are required to develop an AWS
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Chapter 11
report that lists the values for all variables listed above as well as transducer
information, discontinuity length and location, and your overall evaluation of the
discontinuity.
For further details regarding the test equipment, methods, interpretation, and
classification requirements for these inspections, please refer to the AWS D1.1/D1.5
Code Book.
11.4.2
Olympus has developed the AWS D1.1/D1.5 Software Option for the EPOCH XT with
the goal of simplifying inspector tasks and lowering the overall inspection time. This
is accomplished by having the EPOCH XT perform some required calculations
automatically and also by permitting you to document discontinuities in the
EPOCH XTs data logger for reporting purposes.
The EPOCH XT can also transfer inspection data to the GageView Pro Interface
Program to aid in report generation. This program allows you to view the
instruments setup parameters, the waveform generated by a discontinuity, the
discontinuitys sound path and location information, and all values for the AWS
D1.1/D1.5 formula variables.
11.4.3
The first step in operating the EPOCH XT for AWS D1.1/D1.5 inspections is to
calibrate the instrument for the transducer and test conditions. For information on the
Angle Beam Calibration of the EPOCH XT, see the calibration section of this manual
or the appropriate guidelines from the American Welding Society.
The AWS D1.1/D1.5 Software Option is activated in the [MEAS SETUP] menu >
Options tab as shown below:
181
When AWS D1.1/D1.5 is activated, the function keys on the EPOCH XT take the
following assignments:
182
[F1]: REF You can store the REF B dB value from a reference reflector.
[F2]: No function.
[F3]: No function.
[F4]: Scan dB You can toggle the scanning gain between an operator-selected
value and zero dB.
Chapter 11
After activation, you must set a REF B value in order to begin an inspection. This
number represents the gain level necessary to bring the echo from a reference reflector
to 80 % full-screen height (FSH). The reference reflector often is a side-drilled hole in
the calibration block used for the angle beam calibration. Other reference reflectors
may be used provided that they meet AWS requirements for these inspections.
In order to store a REF B value, you must gate the echo from the reference reflector
and bring the echo to 80 % FSH. This can be done by pressing [GAIN] and adjusting
the gain with the up and down arrow keys, or by pressing [F5] to automatically adjust
the gain to bring the echo to 80 % FSH. Once the echo has the appropriate amplitude,
press [F1] to store the value.
11.4.3.1
AWS codes require that you enter a certain amount of scanning gain to the REF B dB
value. In doing so you can locate flaws that might be smaller or deeper in the test
piece than the reference flaw. By pressing [GAIN], you can enter the amount of
scanning gain necessary to perform the inspection as outlined by the AWS Code. Once
the scanning gain has been set up, press [F3] to turn off the scanning gain. Scanning
gain can also be turned on by [2nd F] followed by [GAIN].
When a discontinuity has been located within the test piece, the EPOCH XT provides
you with a D value corresponding to the discontinuity. However, in order to display a
D value, the gated echo must peak at an amplitude less than 110 % FSH. Often, you
will simply have to press the [F3] key to turn off the scanning gain to bring the echo
peak onto the screen. In some cases, further gain adjustments may be necessary.
Software Features and Options
183
11.4.3.2
When a gated echo, whose peak is below 100 % FSH, is present, the EPOCH XT
automatically calculates the A and C values necessary to provide a D value. For A, the
EPOCH XT automatically calculates the required dB value to bring the gated echo to
80 % FSH. To calculate C, the EPOCH XT uses the data in the sound path calculator to
generate an attenuation factor.
In order for this calculation to be accurate, enter the correct thickness for the test
piece. The EPOCH XT displays the value for D in the measurement box chosen for the
AWS D1.1 rating. This is setup in the [MEAS SETUP] menu > Meas tab. An example
of this is seen in the following illustration.
11.4.3.3
Documentation
By pressing [SAVE] on the EPOCH XT, you can now save the data for this
discontinuity in the EPOCH XT data logger. At the bottom of an ID saved with AWS
D1.1 active, you see the values for A, B, C, and D. This data is viewable in the File
Review window.
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While using the EPOCH XT and the AWS D1.1 Software Option, it is your
responsibility to take into account any inspection conditions that could cause
variation in the displayed Indication Rating (D value). It is your responsibility to
interpret the meaning of echo indications and reported D values corresponding to
these indications properly.
11.5
11.5.1
B-scan
Description
The B-scan software option allows you to generate an easy to understand cross
sectional profile of test material. This view is used to verify acquired thickness
measurements, and also to provide a visual reference showing areas on the part with
critical thickness values.
A scanner equipped with an internal encoder mechanism maps the thinning areas by
providing transducer-location information (distance traveled) along with the
thickness reading. This feature increases the functional value of the B-scan as relative
location in the material is directly correlated with the depth at that location.
The B-scan has three separate operating modes:
Manual Mode: this mode does not keep track of location information and does
not require the use of an encoder. This mode provides a continuous scan of
thickness data with no correlation to its location along the scan. Readings are
timed from 1 up to 1000 readings per second (controlled by the PRF setting) and
are not related to transducer movement.
185
EPOCH XTs must be equipped with the hardware I/O port to accept the encoder cable
used for B-scans. The hardware I/O port is located to the right of the BNC or LEMO 01
transducer connectors. If required, installation of this port must be performed at an
authorized Olympus Service Center.
11.5.2
Olympus offers a handheld portable scanner with an internal encoder (EP4/ENC) for
use with the B-scan option, which is well suited for a variety of applications. The
scanner and general B-scan package (EPXT-BSCAN-KIT-XX) are available with the
following optional accessories:
X = connector type indicating BNC or large LEMO. Replace X in the part number
with B to indicate a BNC connector, or L1 to indicate a large LEMO connector.
Y = transducer cable length indicating 10 ft., 25 ft., 50 ft., or 100 ft. Replace Y in the
part number with the desired cable length.
*Z = encoder cable length indicating 10 ft., 25 ft., 50 ft., or 100 ft. Replace Z in the part
number with the desired cable length.
You can use other encoders that have a standard TTL quadrature position encoder
and a four-conductor connection with a single +5 V power supply. You can also use a
remote control scanner to provide a more automated inspection.
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Chapter 11
11.5.3
Getting Started
Secure the selected transducer, with attached cable, in the encoder carts probe
holder using the two tightening screws.
2.
Connect the transducer cable into the BNC or LEMO connector on the
EPOCH XT. This cable provides the ultrasonic information from the transducer to
the EPOCH XT.
3.
Attach the LEMO connector of the encoder cable into the encoder cart. The 16-pin
connector plugs into the 16 pin hardware I/O port on the top of the EPOCH XT.
4.
You can also connect a couplant feed to the couplant feed port on the scanner,
which allows for continuous transducer coupling when used with a water pump
or pressurized couplant dispenser.
11.5.4
Before entering the B-scan mode, it is extremely important that the EPOCH XT is
calibrated and set up properly in the A-scan screen.
Calibrate the EPOCH XT for the appropriate transducer and material. (See
chapter 9 on page 91 for proper calibration procedures.)
2.
Position Gate 1 so that the start of the gate is positioned prior to the minimum
expected thickness or at zero. NOTE: do not capture the initial pulse or interface
echo in Gate 1.
3.
Position the end of Gate 1 after the maximum expected reading. NOTE: an echo
must break the gate for the EPOCH XT to detect it and display a B-scan data
point.
Upon entering the B-scan mode, the Gate Start and Gate End positions determine the
vertical scale of the B-scan. For the best resolution, position the gate as near as
possible near the minimum and maximum values expected. Use a slight buffer to
include potential unexpected values. When entering the B-scan mode, the EPOCH XT
automatically zooms the gate and expands the range until the gate represents a full
screen.
187
11.5.5
2.
Under the Options tab, scroll down to highlight B-Scan, and then press the
[ENTER] key.
3.
Press [F2] (On) to activate the B-scan option. Scroll down to select one of the
following Encoder Modes: Manual, Unidirectional, or Bidirectional.
11.5.5.1
188
Chapter 11
2.
Press [ENTER] to select the Direction. This determines the direction that the data
is updated on the EPOCH XT screen. The EPOCH XT allows the Manual Scan to
run from either left to right or right to left (choosing 'Left to Right' causes the data
to start at the left of the screen and scroll to the right).
3.
Set the Stop on Loss of Signal (LOS) condition. In doing so, the scan stops if there
is no signal in the gate. When a signal reappears the instrument inserts a blank
line in the scan. Press [F1] for (Off) or [F2] for (On).
4.
Press [ENTER] to access the A-scan storage settings. See section 11.5.6 on
page 193 for further information.
5.
11.5.5.2
Select the Unidirectional B-scan option for Encoder Mode. (See section 11.5.5 on
page 188.)
189
190
2.
Press [ENTER] to select the Direction. This determines the direction that the data
is updated on the EPOCH XT screen. The EPOCH XT allows the Unidirectional
Scan to run from either left to right or right to left (choosing 'Left to Right' causes
the data to start at the left of the screen and scroll to the right.)
3.
Press the down arrow to set the Encoder Pulses. The Encoder Pulses setting
defaults to the factory setting of 50 pulses/in. (2 pulses/mm), which matches the
specification of the scanner included with the Olympus B-scan kit. If you are
using the Olympus EP4/ENC encoder car, do NOT change this value. (See note in
the Bidirectional setup screen if it is necessary to change this selection.)
4.
Press the down arrow to set the Take Reading Every parameter. This value is the
resolution of the B-scan. (See note in the Bidirectional setup screen for entering
the proper resolution.)
5.
Press the down arrow to set the Start Co-ordinate for the B-scan. Use the slewing
keys to enter the appropriate value for the starting point of your inspection. This
value represents the first Distance Traveled (DT) value of the B-scan. For example,
if you are beginning the scan at the end of a pipe or plate, you might want to enter
a value of zero. If you are beginning a scan that is at a certain distance from the
end of the test piece, enter an appropriate value for that position. You might want
to mark the location on your material to indicate where you started the inspection
for later reference.
Chapter 11
6.
Press [ENTER] to access the A-scan storage settings. See section 11.5.6 on
page 193 for further information.
7.
11.5.5.3
Select the Bidirectional B-scan option for Encoder Mode. (See section 11.5.5 on
page 188.)
2.
Press the down arrow to set the Encoder Pulses. The Encoder Pulses setting
defaults to the factory setting of 50 pulses/in. (2 pulses/mm), which matches the
specification of the scanner included with the Olympus B-scan kit. If you are
using the Olympus EP4/ENC encoder car, do NOT change this value. (See note
below if it is necessary to change this selection.)
191
If you are using a different scanner with a different optical encoder specification, you
should adjust the Encoder Pulses value accordingly. Adjust the pulses/in. value using
the slewing keys to select the correct number of encoder pulses per inch (millimeters)
specific to the encoder that you are using. Consult the encoder specification to
determine the appropriate encoder pulses value for your encoder.
3.
Press the down arrow to set the Take Reading Every parameter. This value is the
resolution of the B-scan. Use the slewing keys to enter the desired resolution for
the B-scan based on the encoder resolution in pulses per in./mm. (See below for
entering the proper resolution.)
The desired B-scan resolution is limited to increments of the encoder resolution that
you are using. For example, if the encoder resolution is 50 pulses/in. (2 pulses/mm),
then the best resolution possible is 0.020 in. (0.5 mm). Each pulse from the encoder is
capable of taking readings in increments of 0.020 in. (0.5 mm). It is possible to take a
reading every other pulse, every third pulse, every fourth pulse, etc. Therefore, the
resolution can be changed in increments as follows:
0.020 in. (0.5 mm) - Take reading every 1 pulse
0.040 in. (1.0 mm) - Take reading every 2 pulses
0.060 in. (1.5 mm) - Take reading every 3 pulses
0.080 in. (2.0 mm) - Take reading every 4 pulses
0.100 in. (2.5 mm) - Take reading every 5 pulses, etc.
192
4.
Press the down arrow to set the Start Co-ordinate for the B-scan. Use the slewing
keys to enter the appropriate value for the starting point of your inspection. This
value represents the first Distance Traveled (DT) value of the B-scan. For example,
if you are beginning the scan at the end of a pipe or plate, you might want to enter
a value of zero. If you are beginning a scan that is a certain distance from the end
of the test piece, enter an appropriate value for that position. You might want to
mark the location on your material to indicate where you have started the
inspection for later reference.
5.
Press [ENTER] to access the A-scan storage settings. See section 11.5.6 on
page 193 for further information.
6.
Chapter 11
11.5.6
The B-scan software can automatically save A-scans that are of interest to you while
performing a B-scan. The EPOCH XT can be set up to save A-scans corresponding to
the minimum depth (thickness reading) in a B-scan, to save A-scans when a
user-defined alarm is triggered during a scan, or to save all A-scans during the B-scan.
Select the A-scan storage mode by pressing the arrow keys. For each of the A-scan
storage modes below (except No Storage) the number of A-scans to be stored must be
selected. The maximum number of A-scans that can be saved is 200. With A-scan
storage active the maximum scan rate (PRF) is limited to 60 meas./s (60 Hz).
11.5.7
Once you have selected the proper settings for your inspection and returned to the
live screen, you are ready to begin your B-scan inspection.
The selected mode is indicated along the left edge of the B-scan. If this is not the
proper mode, return to the B-scan setup screen under the Options tab in the MEAS
SETUP menu. (See section 11.5.5 on page 188.)
You are now ready to begin collecting data. While in the collect mode, the EPOCH XT
function keys [F1] [F4] are set up to perform the following actions:
Software Features and Options
193
[F1] (Start): Start the collection of B-scan data. While the B-scan data is being collected,
the function over the [F1] key changes to Stop. This allows you to stop the data
collection during or at the completion of a B-scan.
[F2] (AScan): View the current live A-scan waveform. This can be done while the
B-scan is running or while the B-scan is stopped. While the A-scan is being viewed,
the function over the [F2] key changes to BScan, allowing you to toggle back to the
B-scan screen.
[F3] (A&BScan): View both the B-scan and the A-scan screens simultaneously in a
split-screen manner. The A-scan appears on the top-half of the screen, and the B-scan
replaces the instrument setup parameters on the bottom-half of the screen.
[F4] (New Scan): Initiate a new scan. A new scan clears any information in the
memory buffer. Be sure to save the B-scan before starting a new scan to avoid data
loss. (See section 10.1 on page 118.) After pressing [F4], you are prompted to verify
that this is the desired course of action.
To begin collecting data, press [F1]. As the scanner is moved, data is collected and
displayed as a cross-sectional image of the test material. The number of data points is
based on the movement of the encoder wheel in increments of the resolution entered
in the setup screen. The Bidirectional mode allows the scanner to move backwards;
B-scan data points are updated accordingly. This is especially useful when verifying
thin-material areas where an alarm condition exists.
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While collecting data, the information is temporarily stored in a memory buffer. The
EPOCH XT is capable of storing a maximum of 150,000 B-scan data points (thickness
readings) before the buffer is full. When the buffer becomes full, the scan stops. You
are then prompted to save the scan or start a new one. To prevent the loss of encoded
data, the DT reading flashes as a warning when the buffer is within 500 readings of
being full.
11.5.8
It is possible to stop the B-scan and review depth information and correlating
distance-traveled values. At any time during the encoded B-scan, press [F1] to stop
the data collection.
A marker arrow appears in the place of the cursor on the display. Use the left and
right arrow keys to move this marker along the scan.
In Manual mode, the depth recorded at each data point is displayed. In one of the
encoded modes, the thickness reading along with the DT value at that point is shown.
Press [F1] again to restart the scan. The scan resumes at the cursors last position.
Once a B-scan is stopped, you can go back and review the saved B-scan data using the
slewing keys. When an A-scan has been saved for a corresponding B-scan point, the
A-scan is displayed on the A-scan screen (when the B-scan is being reviewed in
split-screen mode).
11.5.9
195
You can only activate or modify the minimum-depth alarm prior to activating the
B-scan software. The minimum depth alarm cannot be manipulated after the B-scan
has been activated.
Figure 11-7 on page 196 shows a split A-scan / B-scan in review mode. Notice that an
automatically saved A-scan appears in the upper-half of the screen because the
minimum depth alarm on Gate 1 was triggered at the A-scans corresponding point in
the B-scan.
196
The maximum scan rate for B-scan inspections is 1000 meas./s (1000 Hz).
Chapter 11
When the Floating Gate option is active, the maximum scan rate and PRF are
limited to 500 meas./s (500 Hz).
With any of the A-scan storage methods active, the maximum scan rate and PRF
are limited to 60 meas./s (60 Hz).
If the encoder is moved too fast and exceeds these values, a scan speed alarm
condition is noted by an audible beep. Encoded Distance Traveled (DT) data is kept in
sync with the scanner, but no thickness data is drawn on the screen. The Bidirectional
mode allows the scanner to move in the opposite direction at a slower speed to
redraw these thickness values.
For fine scan resolution, move the scanner at a slower rate to avoid missing data
points. You can adjust the resolution in the B-scan mode selection screens.
When Floating Gate software is active during a B-scan, the scan rate (PRF) of the
B-scan is limited to 500 meas./s (500 Hz).
Use this feature in either Peak or Edge measurement modes. In Edge mode, the
floating gate tracks the highest amplitude echo breaking the gate (100 % screen height
or less), but takes the measurement from the left-most echo breaking the gate. In the
Options menu, the Floating Gate is activated as shown in Figure 11-8 on page 198.
197
When Floating Gate is active for Gate 1 or Gate 2, the EPOCH XT displays the selected
gain level under the gate level indicator (depending on the chosen settings). See the
example screenshot below showing the Floating Gate active with Gates 1 and 2 set at
6 dB.
In order to use the Floating Gate option with a B-scan, the Floating Gate must be set
up and active before the B-scan is activated. (See section 11.6 on page 201.)
In order to review the Depth and Distance Traveled information while Floating Gate
is active in B-scan mode, the gates do not appear on the instrument display when the
B-scan is stopped.
198
Chapter 11
Save Screen [F1]: This saves a screenshot of the B-scan along with the instrument
setup. This saved instrument setup can be recalled as a setup if desired.
Save Full [F2]: This saves the entire B-scan along with stored A-scans and the
instrument setup. This can be recalled as a setup if desired.
199
200
Solid Color: thickness measurements are shown in a solid color for all thickness
ranges of the B-scan.
Colored: thickness measurements for the B-scan are colored on a gradient scale
from red, for thin measurements, to blue, for thick measurements.
Chapter 11
To select a scan color palette, press [DISPLAY SETUP], and then select the Scan
Palette from the Color tab.
11.6
Floating Gate
11.6.1
Description
The Floating Gate software option is used to track the peak echo amplitude at a
specified gain level below that amplitude (6 dB to 14 dB in 1 dB increments). The
Floating Gate option can be used in either Peak or Edge measurement modes (see
section 4.8.3 on page 59 for more information regarding the Gate modes). The
Floating Gate option provides a more consistent and accurate thickness reading,
particularly when using the Edge mode. In Edge mode, the Floating Gate tracks the
highest amplitude echo breaking the gate, but reports a digital measurement from the
edge of the first echo breaking the gate.
11.6.2
Option Activation
201
Select the desired gate(s) and press [F2] (On) to activate Floating Gate for the
selected gate.
Press the down arrow to select the Level parameter. Select the desired gain level
by using the slewing keys (values range from 6 dB to 14 dB). The gate always
floats at this specified level below the amplitude of the signal within the gate.
When G1 Float or G2 Float is set to Off, that particular gate height can be adjusted
manually in the live screen through the gate level parameter.
Once the desired gate levels have been selected, press the [MEAS/RESET] or
[MEAS SETUP] key to go back to the main screen.
When Floating Gate is active, the gate level display in the parameter section of the
EPOCH XT screen shows the setting for that particular gate. The figures below detail
an example in which Gate 1 is floating at the 6 dB point and Gate 2 at the 12 dB
point.
202
Chapter 11
11.6.3
Operating in 6 dB Mode
In 6 dB mode, the desired gate floats at 6 dB below the peak echo amplitude in the
gate. This corresponds to 50 % of the echos maximum height. The screen below
depicts Gate 1 with Floating Gate active in the 6 dB mode. Note that the gate is
exactly at 50 % of the echo peak amplitude (which is at approximately 80 %).
11.6.4
Operating in 12 dB Mode
In 12 dB mode, the desired gate floats at 12 dB below the peak echo amplitude in the
gate. This corresponds to 25 % of the echos maximum height. The screen below
depicts Gate 1 with Floating Gate active in the 12 dB mode. Note that the gate is
exactly at 25 % of the echo peak amplitude (which is at approximately 80 %).
203
The Floating Gate option is not valid in RF mode. Also, Floating Gate cannot be
turned on or off while the screen is frozen.
11.6.5
Individual gate alarms can be set while the Floating Gate is active. The minimum
depth alarm is most commonly used to monitor for thinning areas in the material
when Floating Gate is active and the Gates are in edge-detection mode.
204
Chapter 11
11.7
11.7.1
Advanced Filters
Description
The Advanced Filters Option takes advantage of the EPOCH XT's unique digital
receiver design and allows unprecedented filtering flexibility. This option allows you
to choose from 37 different filter settings. Such flexibility is nearly impossible in
instruments that have analog (hardware) filters due to the cost of additional
components and the board space required.
There are several distinct performance advantages that result from this option.
Specific performance improvements include:
Improved initial pulse (main bang) recovery with new DC coupled setups
compared to the standard lower frequency band-pass filter settings (0.2 MHz
10 MHz, 1.5 MHz8.5 MHz, etc.).
Use of very low-frequency transducers (50 kHz100 kHz range) for specialized
applications.
The filter selections that are now available in the EPOCH XT are listed below.
Standard Filters - Available in all EPOCH XTs
Advanced Filters - Available only with the Advanced Filters Option - Listed with an
A in front of the frequency range.
A DC MHz1.2 MHz
A DC MHz4.0 MHz
205
A DC MHz8.5 MHz
A DC MHz10.0 MHz
A DC MHz15.0 MHz
A DC MHz26.5 MHz
A 0.2 MHzBYP
A 0.5 MHzBYP
A 1.5 MHzBYP
A 5.0 MHzBYP
A 8.0 MHzBYP
11.7.2
Option Activation
A new setup option has been created to allow you to setup the Advanced Filters in the
EPOCH XT. You can go to this tab to view all of the filters available in the instrument.
206
Chapter 11
Use the down arrow key to scroll through the list of filters.
The first 7 selections listed are the standard EPOCH XT filters, the remaining 30
selections come with the Advanced Filters Option.
The EPOCH XT has been designed to meet all of the requirements of EN12668-1.
EN12668-1 contains many requirements that limit the bandwidth of a compliant flaw
detector. The seven standard filters on the EPOCH XT have been tested and are fully
compliant with the requirements of EN12668-1.
The remaining 30 Advanced Filter sets have not, and will not be tested according to
EN12668-1. Because of the stringent requirements of EN12668-1, some of the more
broadband filter settings in the Advanced Filter set are unlikely to pass the EN12668-1
test requirements.
If an inspection requires absolute compliance with EN12668-1, then the Advanced
Filters option should not be purchased or activated. Whenever an Advanced Filter is
in use consider that the EPOCH XT might not be compliant with EN12668-1.
Upon activation, all of the available filters are listed as Enabled. Enabled filters
are accessible through the live, main screen of the EPOCH XT by pressing the
[RECEIVER] key and highlighting the Filters group. All Enabled filters appear
over the F function keys for review and activation.
Since most operators do not need to use all of the available filters for their
application(s) it is possible to turn off the filter sets that are not needed. To disable a
filter:
In the Filters menu in the [MEAS SETUP], highlight the filter to be disabled.
Use the Left or Right Arrow key to change the selection from ENABLED to
DISABLED.
207
Figure 11-15 Filters activation tab with enabled and disabled filters
11.7.3
In the example below, only the filters for low-frequency transducer applications have
been enabled. All other filters have been disabled. Note that in the live screen, only
the activated filters appear above the F keys for activation. This is an easy way to
customize an instrument to meet the needs of a customer and it is much easier than
scrolling through 37 choices to find the desired filter.
208
Chapter 11
209
210
Chapter 11
Cable Assembly
211
212
Appendix A
Table 11 on page 213 lists the ultrasonic velocity in a variety of common materials.
This is only a guide. The actual velocity in these materials might vary significantly
due to a variety of causes, such as composition, preferred crystallographic orientation,
porosity, and temperature. For maximum accuracy, establish the sound velocity in a
given material by first testing a sample of the material.
V (in./s)
V (m/s)
0.107
2730
Aluminum
0.249
6320
Beryllium
0.508
12900
Brass, naval
0.174
4430
Copper
0.183
4660
Diamond
0.709
18000
Glycerin
0.076
1920
Inconel
0.229
5820
0.138
3500
0.220
5600
0.232
5890
Lead
0.085
2160
Sound Velocities
213
214
V (in./s)
V (m/s)
Lucite
0.106
2680
Molybdenum
0.246
6250
0.069
1740
Nickel, pure
0.222
5630
Polyamide (slow)
0.087
2200
Nylon, fast
0.102
2600
0.097
2460
0.082
2080
Polystyrene
0.092
2340
0.094
2395
Rubber (polybutadiene)
0.063
1610
Silicon
0.379
9620
Silicone
0.058
1485
Steel, 1020
0.232
5890
Steel, 4340
0.230
5850
0.223
5660
0.226
5740
Tin
0.131
3320
Titanium, Ti 150A
0.240
6100
Tungsten
0.204
5180
Water (20 C)
0.0580
1480
Zinc
0.164
4170
Zirconium
0.183
4650
Appendix B
References
1.
2.
Fredericks, J. R. Ultrasonic Engineering. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1965.
3.
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Cleveland, Ohio: Chemical Rubber Co., 1963.
4.
Mason, W. P. Physical Acoustics and the Properties of Solids. New York: D. Van
Nostrand Co., 1958.
5.
Sound Velocities
215
216
Appendix B
Appendix C: Glossary
Table 12 Glossary
Term
Definition
Acoustic
Impedance
Acoustic
Interface
Acoustic Zero
The point on the CRT display that represents the entry surface of
the specimen.
Amplifier
Amplitude
Angle Beam
Transducer
A-scan
Glossary
217
218
Definition
Attenuation
The loss in acoustic energy that occurs between any two points of
travel. This loss may be due to absorption, reflection, and other
phenomena.
Attenuation
(M.L.A.)
The echo received from the side of the specimen opposite the side
to which the transducer is coupled. This echo represents the
thickness of the specimen at that point.
Background
noise
Beam index
point
Cal block
velocity
Couplant
Critical defect
Cross talk
Appendix C
Definition
A variable resistance across the pulser circuit output which
shapes the excitation pulse. Typically it is used to change pulse
characteristics to optimize either penetration (low damping) or
near surface resolution (high damping).
Note: High damping = Low damping ohms (50 )
Low damping = High damping ohms (400 )
Damping
material
Decibel (dB)
Delay control
Detectability
Distance
amplitude
correction
(DAC)
Dual element
probe
219
Definition
Dynamic range
Electronic zero
The point in time when the pulser fires the initial pulse to the
transducer and the point on the cathode ray tube screen where
the electron beam leaves the baseline due to the initial pulse
signal coming from the transmitter.
First critical
angle
Flaw
Frequency
Gain
Gain (control)
Gate
Hertz (Hz)
Horizontal A
220
Appendix C
Definition
A test method, useful for testing irregularly shaped parts, in
which the part to be tested is immersed in water (or other liquid)
so that the liquid acts as a couplant. The search unit is also
immersed in the liquid, but not in contact with the part being
tested.
Incidence, angle The angle between a sound beam striking an acoustic interface
of
and the normal (that is, perpendicular) to the surface at that
point. Usually designated by the Greek symbol (alpha).
Indication
Indication
(defect) level
Leg
In angle beam testing, the path the shear wave travels in a straight
line before being reflected by the opposite surface of the material
being tested.
Linearity,
vertical, or
amplitude
Linearity,
horizontal, or
distance
Longitudinal
wave
Main bang
Mode
conversion
Glossary
221
222
Definition
Peaking up
Penetration
Piezoelectric
elements
Probe
Pulse repetition
rate or pulse
repetition
frequency
The frequency with which the clock circuit sends its trigger
pulses to the sweep generator and the transmitter, usually quoted
in terms of pulses per second (pps).
Range
Receiver
That circuit of a flaw detector that receives both the initial pulse
voltage from the transmitter and the returning echoes (as
voltages) from the transducer. By passing these incoming signals
through certain subcircuits, the signals are rectified, filtered, and
amplified with the results send to the screen for display.
Reference echo
Reference level
Reference line
Appendix C
Definition
A reflector of known size (geometry) at a known distance, such as
a flat-bottom hole.
Refraction, angle The angle of sound reflection in the wedge which is equal to the
of
angle of incidence (also in the wedge.) The angle of reflectance is
measured from the normal to the reflected sound beam.
Registration
Reject (control)
Resolution
Scanning level
Second critical
angle
Sensitivity
Signal-to-noise
ratio
Single element
probe
Skip-distance
Sound beam
Glossary
223
Definition
Sound path
distance
Straight beam
probe (normal
beam probe)
Surface wave
Through
transmission
Time varied gain Circuit that automatically adjusts gain so that the echo amplitude
(TVG)
of a given size reflector is displayed at a constant screen height
regardless of the distance to that given size reflector.
224
Transducer
Transmitter
Circuit of the flaw detector that sends the initial pulse voltage to
both the transducer and receiver.
Ultrasonic
Ultrasonics
V-path
Vertical B
Appendix C
Definition
The distance between like points on successive wavefronts; for
example: the distance between any two successive particles of the
oscillating medium that are in the same phase. It is denoted by
the Greek letter (lambda).
Glossary
225
226
Appendix C
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
Instrument
Size
in.
10.91
7.35 2.79
4.5
Weight
w/battery
lb
Storage temp.
w/battery
20
60
wo/battery
40
70
30
50
Warmup period
@25 C
min.
Power supplies
Battery
(main)
30
External
power
227
Acceptance
criteria
Units
Min
Typical
Max
10.8
12
NiMH
battery
10
12
14
6 C pack
alkaline
battery
9.5
6 C pack
NiMH
battery
7.2
8.4
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Symbol
Technical
specification
Instrument (cont.)
Voltage range
for battery
operation
Li-ion battery
Voltage range
with external
power supply
23.5
24
24.5
Power
consumption
11
Environmental
protection
IP67
Shock
resistivity
Tests to be
performed
TBD
Vibration
Tests to be
performed
TBD
hour
NiMH
hour
6 C-cell
alkaline
hour
6 C-cell
NiMH
hour
2.3
Stability after
warmup time
228
9.5
10
10.5
Amplitude
<|2|
0.5
0.5
|1|
Time-of-Flight
<|1|
0.02
0.02
0.05
|5|
Appendix D
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
8.2
<|5|
%/10 C
0.5
|2.5|
8.2
<|1|
%/10 C
0.002
0.05
0.03
|5|
<|2|
0.5
0.5
0.5
|1|
<|1|
0.002
0.002
0.05
|0/5|
No warning
w/C-cell
batteries
yes
Type of Sockets
Probe
connection
BNC/
LEMO
I/O interface
USB
client/host
Alarm outputs
16-pin
LEMO
connector
External power
supply
Minipower
jack
Switchcraft
712A
Case
VALOX
Plastic
Documentation
Technical
reference
manual
229
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Transmitter
Shape
Square wave
pulse
Frequency band
230
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
10
MHz
12.5
MHz
20
Spectrum for
square
Energy=50 V;
Damp=50
8.3.4
Figure D-1
(F=1.0 MHz)
Energy=50 V;
Damp=400
8.3.4
Figure D-2
Energy=475 V;
Damp=50
8.3.4
Figure D-3
Energy=475 V;
Damp=400
8.3.4
Figure D-4
Spectrum for
square
Energy=50 V;
Damp=50
8.3.4
Figure D-5
(F=2.0 MHz)
Energy=50 V;
Damp=400
8.3.4
Figure D-6
Energy=475 V;
Damp=50
8.3.4
Figure D-7
Energy=475 V;
Damp=400
8.3.4
Figure D-8
Appendix D
Max
Technical
specification
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
Transmitter (cont.)
Spectrum for
square
Energy=50 V;
Damp=50
8.3.4
Figure D-9
(F=4.0 MHz)
Energy=50 V;
Damp=400
8.3.4
Figure
D-10
Energy=475 V;
Damp=50
8.3.4
Figure
D-11
Energy=
475 V;
Damp=400
8.3.4
Figure
D-12
Spectrum for
square
Energy=50 V;
Damp=50
8.3.4
Figure
D-13
(F=5.0 MHz)
Energy=50 V;
Damp=400
8.3.4
Figure
D-14
Energy=475 V;
Damp=50
8.3.4
Figure
D-15
Energy=475 V;
Damp=400
8.3.4
Figure
D-16
Spectrum for
square
Energy=50 V;
Damp=50
8.3.4
Figure
D-17
(F=10.0 MHz)
Energy=50 V;
Damp=400
8.3.4
Figure
D-18
Energy=475 V;
Damp=50
8.3.4
Figure
D-19
Energy=475 V;
Damp=400
8.3.4
Figure
D-20
231
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Transmitter (cont.)
Spectrum for
square
Energy=50 V;
Damp=50
8.3.4
Figure
D-21
(F=12.5 MHz)
Energy=50 V;
Damp=400
8.3.4
Figure
D-22
Energy=300 V;
Damp=50
8.3.4
Figure
D-23
Energy=300 V;
Damp=400
8.3.4
Figure
D-24
Spectrum for
square
Energy=50 V;
Damp=50
8.3.4
Figure
D-25
(F=20.0 MHz)
Energy=50 V;
Damp=400
8.3.4
Figure
D-26
Energy=300 V;
Damp=50
8.3.4
Figure
D-27
Energy=300 V;
Damp=400
8.3.4
Figure
D-28
Damping
232
Appendix D
50
63
150
400
Max
Technical
specification
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
Transmitter (cont.)
Energy
Pulse repetition
frequency
Pulse repetition
frequency in
manual mode
Operating
modes
8.3.2
50
100
150
200
300
400
475
Hz
10
Optimum
1000
Range<8 s
8.3.2
20 %TS
Hz
999.9
1000
1000.1
1000
Range
<200 s
8.3.2
20 %TS
Hz
529.9
540
540.1
540
Range
<500 s
8.3.2
20 %TS
Hz
259.9
260
260.1
260
Range
<1000 s
8.3.2
20 %TS
Hz
139.9
140
140.1
140
Range
<2000 s
8.3.2
20 %TS
Hz
69.9
70
70.1
70
Range
<3000 s
8.3.2
20 %TS
Hz
39.9
40
40.1
40
Range
<4000 s
8.3.2
20 %TS
Hz
29.9
30
30.1
30
Pulse-echo
test mode
Dual test
mode
Through test
mode
233
Condition
and comment
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
275
250
225
25010 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
450
495
550
50010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
29
32
35
3210 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
450
495
550
50010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
275
250
225
25010 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
450
495
550
50010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
29
32
35
3210 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
450
495
550
50010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
EN12668-1
Pulse voltage
Pulse rise time
Pulse duration
Effective output
impedance
Pulse voltage
Pulse rise time
Pulse duration
Effective output
impedance
Pulse voltage
Pulse rise time
Pulse duration
Effective output
impedance
234
Damping =
50 ;
energy=
475 V;
freq=
1 MHz;
PRF=
10 Hz
Damping =
50 ;
energy=
50 V;
freq=
1 MHz;
PRF=
10 Hz
Damping =
400 ;
energy=
475 V;
freq=
1 MHz;
PRF=
10 Hz
Damping =
400 ;
energy=
50 V;
freq=
1 MHz;
PRF=
10 Hz
Appendix D
10
<25
15
<25
<25
<25
Condition
and comment
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
225
250
275
25010 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
450
495
550
50010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
29
32
35
3210 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
450
495
550
50010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
225
250
275
25010 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
450
495
550
50010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
29
32
35
3210 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
450
495
550
50010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
EN12668-1
Pulse voltage
Pulse rise time
Pulse duration
Effective output
impedance
Pulse voltage
Pulse rise time
Pulse duration
Effective output
impedance
Pulse voltage
Pulse rise time
Pulse duration
Effective output
impedance
Damping =
50 ;
energy=
475 V;
freq=
1 MHz;
PRF=
1000 Hz
Damping =
50 ;
energy=
50 V;
freq=
1 MHz;
PRF=
1000 Hz
Damping =
400 ;
energy=
475 V;
freq=
1 MHz;
PRF=
1000 Hz
Damping =
400 ;
energy=
50 V;
freq=
1 MHz;
PRF=
1000 Hz
10
<25
18
<25
10
<25
<25
235
Condition
and comment
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
270
295
330
30010 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
45
50
55
5010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
29
32
35
3210 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
45
50
55
5010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
270
295
330
30010 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
45
50
55
5010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
29
32
35
3210 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
45
50
55
5010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
EN12668-1
Pulse voltage
Pulse rise time
Pulse duration
Effective output
impedance
Pulse voltage
Pulse rise time
Pulse duration
Effective output
impedance
Pulse voltage
Pulse rise time
Pulse duration
Effective output
impedance
236
Damping =
50 ;
energy=
475 V;
freq=
10 MHz;
PRF=
10 Hz
Damping =
50 ;
energy=
50 V;
freq=
10 MHz;
PRF=
10 Hz
Damping =
400 ;
energy=
475 V;
freq=
10 MHz;
PRF=
10 Hz
Damping =
400 ;
energy=
50 V;
freq=
10 MHz;
PRF=
10 Hz
Appendix D
12
<25
15
<25
10
<25
<25
Condition
and comment
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
270
295
330
30010 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
45
50
55
5010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
29
32
35
3210 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
45
50
55
5010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
270
295
330
30010 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
45
50
55
5010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
9.4.2
10 %TS
| V50|
29
32
35
3210 %
9.4.2
<maxTS
tr
ns
9.4.2
10 %TS
td
ns
45
50
55
5010 %
8.3.3
20 %TS
Z0
24
30
36
3020 %
EN12668-1
Pulse voltage
Pulse rise time
Pulse duration
Effective output
impedance
Pulse voltage
Pulse rise time
Pulse duration
Effective output
impedance
Pulse voltage
Pulse rise time
Pulse duration
Effective output
impedance
Damping =
50 ;
energy=
475 V;
freq=
10 MHz;
PRF=
1000 Hz
Damping =
50 ;
energy=
50 V;
freq=
10 MHz;
PRF=
1000 Hz
Damping =
400 ;
energy=
475 V;
freq=
10 MHz;
PRF=
1000 Hz
Damping =
400 ;
energy=
50 V;
freq=
10 MHz;
PRF=
1000 Hz
15
<25
15
<25
10
<25
<25
237
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
Receiver
Crosstalk
damping from
transmitter to
receiver
Accuracy of
calibrated
attenuator
8.4.2
>=80
dB
83
90
92
>80
Fine gain
attenuator
9.5.4
<|1|
dB
0.2
0.2
|0.5|
Course gain
attenuator
9.5.4
<|2|
dB
|0.1|
|0.2|
|0.33|
|1.5|
Amplifier frequency
Filter 0.2 MHz1.2 MHz
Lower
frequency range
9.5.2
TI
MHz
0.2
Max frequency
9.5.2
fmax
MHz
0.57
Upper
frequency range
9.5.2
MHz
1.21
Center
frequency range
9.5.2
5 %TS
f0
MHz
0.49
0.48
Bandwidth
9.5.2
10 %TS
MHz
1.02
1.0
238
Lower
frequency range
9.5.2
TI
MHz
0.47
Max frequency
9.5.2
fmax
MHz
2.25
Upper
frequency range
9.5.2
MHz
4.06
Center
frequency range
9.5.2
5 %TS
f0
MHz
1.39
1.4
Bandwidth
9.5.2
10 %TS
MHz
3.59
3.6
Appendix D
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
9.5.2
TI
MHz
1.49
Max frequency
9.5.2
fmax
MHz
4.85
Upper
frequency range
9.5.2
MHz
8.46
Center
frequency range
9.5.2
5 %TS
f0
MHz
3.55
3.6
Bandwidth
9.5.2
10 %TS
MHz
6.97
7.0
9.5.2
TI
MHz
4.80
Max frequency
9.5.2
fmax
MHz
9.89
Upper
frequency range
9.5.2
MHz
14.86
Center
frequency range
9.5.2
5 %TS
f0
MHz
8.45
8.45
Bandwidth
9.5.2
10 %TS
MHz
10.00
10
9.5.2
TI
MHz
7.9
Max frequency
9.5.2
fmax
MHz
15
Upper
frequency range
9.5.2
MHz
26.4
Center
frequency range
9.5.2
5 %TS
f0
MHz
14.44
14.6
Bandwidth
9.5.2
10 %TS
MHz
18
18.0
239
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
9.5.2
TI
MHz
1.87
Max frequency
9.5.2
fmax
MHz
6.6
Upper
frequency range
9.5.2
MHz
21.0
Center
frequency range
9.5.2
5 %TS
f0
MHz
6.27
6.3
Bandwidth
9.5.2
10 %TS
MHz
19.1
19.5
9.5.2
TI
MHz
1.69
Max frequency
9.5.2
fmax
MHz
2.22
Upper
frequency range
9.5.2
MHz
2.74
Center
frequency range
9.5.2
5 %TS
f0
MHz
2.16
2.2.
Bandwidth
9.5.2
10 %TS
MHz
1.05
1.1
240
Lower
frequency range
9.5.2
TI
MHz
2.8
Max frequency
9.5.2
fmax
MHz
3.42
Upper
frequency range
9.5.2
MHz
4.04
Center
frequency range
9.5.2
5 %TS
f0
MHz
3.37
3.4
Bandwidth
9.5.2
10 %TS
MHz
1.24
1.2
Appendix D
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
9.5.2
TI
MHz
4.25
Max frequency
9.5.2
fmax
MHz
5.04
Upper
frequency range
9.5.2
MHz
6.53
Center
frequency range
9.5.2
5 %TS
f0
MHz
5.27
5.2
Bandwidth
9.5.2
10 %TS
MHz
2.28
2.2
106
Dynamic range
Fo= 0.5 MHz
Filter
0.2 MHz1.2 MHz
8.4.4
>=100
dB
120
Filter
0.5 MHz4.0 MHz
8.4.4
>=100
dB
117
Filter
1.5 MHz8.5 MHz
8.4.4
>=100
dB
114
Filter
5.0 MHz15.0 MHz
8.4.4
>=100
dB
115
Filter
8.0 MHz26.5 MHz
8.4.4
>=100
dB
109
Filter
2.0 MHz21.5 MHz
8.4.4
>=100
dB
109
Filter
2.0 MHz
8.4.4
>=100
dB
121
120
Filter
3.0 MHz
8.4.4
>=100
dB
121
120
Filter
5.0 MHz
8.4.4
>=100
dB
121
120
241
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
242
Filter
0.2 MHz1.2 MHz
9.5.3
<80
nin
nV Hz
38.4
44.1
Filter
0.5 MHz4.0 MHz
9.5.3
<80
nin
nV Hz
25.3
46.6
Filter
1.5 MHz8.5 MHz
9.5.3
<80
nin
nV Hz
26.7
49.3
Filter
5.0 MHz15.0 MHz
9.5.3
<80
nin
nV Hz
29.1
50
Filter
8.0 MHz26.5 MHz
9.5.3
<80
nin
nV Hz
33.5
56
Filter
2.0 MHz21.5 MHz
9.5.3
<80
nin
nV Hz
28.5
49.2
Filter
2.0 MHz
9.5.3
<80
nin
nV Hz
29.5
30.9
Filter
3.0 MHz
9.5.3
<80
nin
nV Hz
27.4
35.6
Filter
5.0 MHz
9.5.3
<80
nin
nV Hz
27.6
33.2
Appendix D
72
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
2.0
Filter
0.2 MHz1.2 MHz
8.4.3
>=10
0.27
1.00
Filter
0.5 MHz4.0 MHz
8.4.3
>=10
0.27
1.00
Filter
1.5 MHz8.5 MHz
8.4.3
>=10
0.25
0.27
Filter
5.0 MHz15.0 MHz
8.4.3
>=10
0.28
1.00
Filter
8.0 MHz26.5 MHz
8.4.3
>=10
0.54
1.00
Filter
2.0 MHz21.5 MHz
8.4.3
>=10
0.28
0.54
Filter
2.0 MHz
8.4.3
>=10
0.02
0.25
Filter
3.0 MHz
8.4.3
>=10
0.04
0.25
|RmaxRmin|/
Rmax=
R_D<=0.1
@F=4 MHz
|CmaxCmin|/
Cmax=
C_D<=0.15
@F=4 MHz
8.4.5
Rmax
461
464
8.4.5
Rmin
461
464
8.4.5
Cmax
pF
104
8.4.5
Cmin
pF
103
R_D<=
0.05
105
C_D<=
0.075
243
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
<=0.1
Rmax
152
162
Rmin
152
162
Cmax
pF
128
132
Cmin
pF
128
132
Max
Technical
specification
|RmaxRmin|/
Rmax=
R_PE<=0.1
@F=4 MHz
|CmaxCmin|/
Cmax=
C_PE<=0.15
8.4.5
8.4.5
8.4.5
8.4.5
<=0.15
R_PE<=
0.1
C_PE<=
0.075
Monitor
Number of
gates
Alarm logic
Off
Pos
Neg
Mindep
Alarm warning
Beeper,
alarm
outputs,
visual
Audio
Gate
measurement
points
edge
peak
first peak
Start (gate)
244
Steel
longitudinal
velocity
mm
within
range
12700
Steel
longitudinal
velocity
in.
within
range
500
within
range
4500
Appendix D
Acceptance
criteria
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Steel
longitudinal
velocity
mm
0.12
within
range
12700
Steel
longitudinal
velocity
in.
0.005
within
range
500
0.04
within
range
4500
mm
1.82
12700
in.
0.072
500
0.63
4500
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Symbol
Technical
specification
Monitor (cont.)
Width (gate)
Zoom
Full-screen
width
Filter
2.0 MHz21.5 MHz
for Gate 1,
Gate 2
8.5.3
<|2|
0.25
0.5
<|1.0|
8.5.4
20 %TS
ms
101.25
100
8.5.4
20 %TS
ms
0.9854
245
Symbol
8.5.2
N/A
Impedance of
proportional
gate output
8.6.1
N/A
Linearity of
proportional
gate output
8.6.2
N/A
Frequency of
proportional
gate output
8.6.3
N/A
Noise of
proportional
gate output
8.6.4
N/A
Influence of
signal position
within the gate
8.6.5
N/A
Effect of pulse
shape on
proportional
gate output
8.6.6
N/A
8.6.7
N/A
Test parameter
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Units
Min
Typical
Monitor (cont.)
Gates with fixed threshold
Switching
hysteresis with
fixed threshold
No analog
output
Display
Type
Active, color
QVGA
Full and
split-screen
Display
dimensions
Resolution
246
Number of
pixels
Appendix D
mm
74.76H x
101.28W
in.
2.943H x
3.987W
320 240
Max
Technical
specification
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
Display (cont.)
Backlight
Yes
A-scan display
Linearity of
vertical display
All meas
w/ Gain=
40 dB
Filter
0.2 MHz 1.2 MHz
9.5.5
<|2|
%FSH
0.5
<|2|
Filter
0.5 MHz 4.0 MHz
9.5.5
<|2|
%FSH
0.5
<|2|
Filter
1.5 MHz 8.5 MHz
9.5.5
<|2|
%FSH
0.5
<|2|
Filter
5.0 MHz 15.0 MHz
9.5.5
<|2|
%FSH
0.5
<|2|
Filter
8.0 MHz 26.5 MHz
9.5.5
<|2|
%FSH
0.5
<|2|
Filter
2.0 MHz 21.5 MHz
9.5.5
<|2|
%FSH
0.5
<|2|
Filter
2.0 MHz
9.5.5
<|2|
%FSH
0.5
<|2|
Filter
3.0 MHz
9.5.5
<|2|
%FSH
0.5
<|2|
Filter
5.0 MHz
9.5.5
<|2|
%FSH
0.5
<|2|
Filter
2.0 MHz 21.5 MHz
All ranges
9.6
<|1|
0.1
<|0.5|
Amplitude
9.3.3
<|2|
%FSH
0.5
<|1|
Position
9.3.3
<|1|
%FSW
0.002
<|0.1|
Linearity of
base time
Display jitter
247
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Measurement Resolution
Sound path
0.001
999.99
mm
0.01
1000.0
9999.9
mm
0.1
10000.0
12700
mm
0.001
99.999
in.
0.001
100.00
500.00
in.
0.01
0.001
99.999
0.001
100.00
999.99
0.01
1000.0
4500.0
0.1
Temporal resolution
tA1
tA2
Display width
(range)
Display delay
248
Filter
2.0 MHz 21.5 MHz
Steel
longitudinal
velocity
Steel
longitudinal
velocity
Appendix D
8.4.7
ns
130
135
144
8.4.7
ns
150
135
161
mm
1.82
within
range
12700
in.
0.072
within
range
500
0.63
within
range
4500
mm
57.7
within
range
12700
in.
2.272
within
range
500
20
within
range
4500
Technical
specification
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
Zero offset
and velocity
Yes
Material
velocity
Resolution
0.000 in./s
in./s
0.025
0.6
Resolution
1 m/s
m/s
635
15240
Resolution
0.1
grad
10
85
grad
0.1
to calc. sound
reflec. path
data
mm
635
in.
25
with curved
surface
correction
SW option
mm
10
7620
in.
0.4
300
Trigonometry
Angle of
refraction
Increments
Thickness
Pipe outside
diameter
Image processing
Reading to be
displayed
For Gate 1,
Gate 2
Time-of-flight
Yes
Sound path
difference
Yes
Surface
distance
Yes
Depth position
Yes
Amplitude in.
% curve
Yes
Amplitude in
dB
with
reference
gain
Yes
Alarm
For Gate 1,
Gate 2
Yes
249
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Image processing
Evaluation
curve (DGS)
Yes
Evaluation
curve
(DAC/TVG)
Yes
Legs
calculations
Change of
grid lines and
leg indicator
for each gate
Yes
outline
filled
Signal processing
Screen freeze
Yes
Peak memory
Yes
Yes
Envelope mode
Yes
with peak
memory
Peak hold
Zoom
Yes
A-scan on
full-screen
width
Yes
Status
information
Yes
Dialog
languages
11
Function lock
Yes
Amplitude evaluation
DAC
250
Distance
amp.
correction
Appendix D
8.4.6
<|1.5|
dB
Max
Technical
specification
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
50
Technical
specification
For TVG
Slope max
dB
110
dB/s
600
DGS
Distance gain
sizing
Number of
probes
Straight
beam
ea
13
Angle beam
ea
37
Dual
ea
14
Custom
programable
w/GageView
SW
ea
14
Reference
reflectors
Yes
Back wall
Sidedrilled
hole
K1-IIW
Block Arc
K2-DSC
Block Arc
Flat
Bottom
Hole
Attenuation
correction
Yes
Transfer
correction
Yes
Quadrant
correction
(Delta Vk)
Yes
251
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Yes
Curve
Evaluation
curve
Yes
TVG
Depth
compensation
Yes
Additional
curves
Curve offset
Yes
Data processing
A2D conversion
Sample
frequency
MHz
Storage of data
252
100
Yes
Number of data
sets
Waveforms/
Thickness
Content of
datasets
A-scan +
identifiers +
setup +
readings
10000
Dataset
description
Alphanumeric
String length
(dataset name)
Identifier
20
Description
32
Inspector ID
32
Location notes
32
Yes
Appendix D
Max
Technical
specification
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
For Gate 1,
Gate 2
Yes
Trigonometrical values
Selectable
Amplitude
Selectable
Function list
For Gate 1,
Gate 2
Yes
Test report
Yes
Interfaces
Beeper
For Gate 1,
Gate 2
Yes
USB host
USB host
port
Yes
USB client
USB client
port
Yes
Gate alarm
outputs
Gate 1, 2, and
combined
Two gates
standard
Yes
Digital interface
Filter
8.0 MHz 25.0 MHz
all ranges
8.7.2
<|1.5|
0.1
0.2
|0.5|
8.7.3
<|5|
0.5
1.5
2.5
|5|
Filter
2.0 MHz 21.5 MHz
(Fo=MHz)
Digitization
sampling error
Rect. mode:
RF and
FULL
(all filters)
253
Condition
and comment
EN12668-1
Acceptance
criteria
Symbol
Units
Min
Typical
Max
Technical
specification
PRF=
10 Hz
8.7.4
Manuf. spec
ms
100
PRF=
100 Hz
8.7.4
Manuf. spec
ms
10
PRF=
1000 Hz
8.7.4
Manuf. spec
ms
Figures
Figure D-1
254
Appendix D
1/PRF
10 %
Figure D-2
Figure D-3
255
Figure D-4
Figure D-5
256
Appendix D
Figure D-6
Figure D-7
257
Figure D-8
Figure D-9
258
Appendix D
Figure D-10
Figure D-11
259
Figure D-12
Figure D-13
260
Appendix D
Figure D-14
Figure D-15
261
Figure D-16
Figure D-17
262
Appendix D
Figure D-18
Figure D-19
263
Figure D-20
Figure D-21
264
Appendix D
Figure D-22
Figure D-23
265
Figure D-24
Figure D-25
266
Appendix D
Figure D-26
Figure D-27
267
Figure D-28
268
Appendix D
Description
EPXT-BHA-UE-L
EPXT-LH-UE-L
Description
EPXT-BAT-L
Lithium-ion battery
EPXT-BAT-N
NiMH battery
EP-MCA-X
EPXT-CELL
EPXT-MAN
Instruction Manual
EPXT-TC
EPXT-PS
EPXT-HS
Hand Strap
Parts List
269
Description
EPXT-AWS
EPXT-DGS-AVG
EPXT-BSCAN
EPXT-FG
EPXT-FILTERS
Description
GAGEVIEWPRO-KIT-USB
GAGEVIEWPRO
270
Description
EP4P/C-USB-6
EPXT-EC
EPXT-RPC
EPXT-RPC-W
EPXT-SS
Sunshade
EP4/CH
Chest Harness
EPXT-DP
EPXT-BNC-CAPS
Appendix E
Description
EPXT-LEMO-CAP
EPXT-HWIO-B
EPXT-HWIO-L
EPXT-C-16HW-6
HW I/O Cable, 6 ft
EPXT-C-16HW-20
HW I/O Cable, 20 ft
EPXT-C-25PRL-6
EPXT-ENC-CBL-10
EPXT-ENC-CBL-25
EPXT-ENC-CBL-50
EPXT-ENC-CBL-100
EBXT-BSCAN-KIT-10
EBXT-BSCAN-KIT-25
EBXT-BSCAN-KIT-50
EBXT-BSCAN-KIT-100
Parts List
271
272
Appendix E
Index
Numerics
12 dB Mode 203
2-D (two-dimensional) 127
2-D EPRI 136
2-D grid 127
2-D grid file 130
2-D matrix grid with custom point 131
3-D (three-dimensional) 133
3-D grid 132
3-D grid structure 133
3-D matrix grid 132
6 dB mode 203
A
A value 184
about the document 14
absolute attenuation 179
access Reject function 71
accessories choice, for encoder 186
activate
peak hold 74
peak memory 73
active file (survey) 139
active/inactive options 151
adding
gain 161, 168, 183
transfer correction 164
adjusting
gain 163
pulser/receiver 63
system sensitivity 63
adjusting system sensitivity 63
adjustment with enter and slewing keys 28
Index
273
calibration 187
display
full-screen 37
split-screen 37
storage settings 193
tab 49
waveform 38
ASME 154
ASME DAC mode 155
ASME-3 154
ASME-3 DAC mode 156
ASTM
E-164 IIW type I block 110
attenuating materials 170
attenuation
calculations 180
measurement 179, 180
audience 15
AUTO80 % 64
with Gate 1 64
with Gate 2 64
AUTOXX%
feature, use of 64
AWS D1.1 180
EPOCH XT 181
software 181
B
back-wall echoes 101
bandwidth 69
battery
C-Cell alkaline use 26
charging the 25
compartment 19
door seal 20
insert new 25
operating time 24
replacing the 25
storage 26
type 20
warning 25
battery-life symbol 24
beam index point location 107
bidirectional
hand strap 19
mode 194
274
Index
C
C value 184
calculating values 184
calibrating
for distance 110
for sensitivity 114
with angle beam transducer 106
with delay-line transducer 97
with dual element transducer 101
with straight-beam transducer 93
calibration 91, 121
angle beam 106
delay line 97
dual element 101
files 121, 199
zero (offset) 91
calibration block
type I 110
type II 110
Canada, ICES-001 compliance 10
caution note
use compatible equipment 6
chapters
adjusting pulser/receiver 63
calibrating EPOCH XT 91
EPOCH XT physical features 17
gates 75
input and output features 85
managing basic operations 27
managing instrument data logger 117
managing special waveform functions 71
operating power supply 23
preface 13
software features and options 151
charger, external 26
charger/adaptor 23, 26
part number EP-MCA 23
charging battery 25
chest harness 21
China RoHS 3
color palette 200
B-scan 200
color, tab 48
comments 15
common parameters 28
compartment, battery 19
compatibility with instrument 5
completed DAC curve 164
compliance
EMC directive 9
FCC (USA) 9
ICES-001 (Canada) 10
computer connection compartment 20
copyright ii
corrosion-thickness 117
creation
2-D grid file 130
2-D grid with custom points file 132
3-D grid file 133
boiler file 135
calibration file 121
data files 119
incremental files 123
sequential files 125
sequential with custom points file 126
curve adjustment gain 163
custom
DAC curves option 166
filter sets 70
custom angle beam 174
custom points 126, 131
multiple readings 131
customized curves
activation 166
setup 166
D
D value 183, 184
DAC
curve 153
gain 163
option 165
DAC curve, completed 164
DAC/TVG 153, 154, 161
DACGain 160
damping
control 67
option selection 68
data
creating files 119
file types 120
data logger
menu 119
storage capacity 118
data logger, saved information
alarm conditions 118
A-scan waveform 118
file name 118
flag status 118
gate measurement modes 118
identifier code 118
measurements 118
peak hold 118
peak memory 118
setup parameters 118
software features 118
sound path leg 118
dB to curve 159
dead time 91
delay 38
delay line calibration 97
delay-line transducer calibration 97
DGS diagram 170
DGS/AVG 173
digital filter settings 69
digital filters 69
direct access adjustment 28
direct entry parameter values 29
Index
275
discontinuity 183
display
arrangement 37
flags 39
flags and markers 39
protection 21
setup menu 47
window 21
distance amplitude correction (DAC) 153
distance traveled (DT) information 195
document
copyright ii
information 14
part number ii
publishing date ii
revision ii
documentation 184
comments 15
door, battery 19
d-ring clips 21
dual element
calibration 101
transducer calibration 101
E
Echo-to-Echo
mode 195, 199
thickness measurement 77
edge measurement mode 197
edge mode 79
editable parameters 44, 45
editpara, tab 44
EMC directive compliance 9
encoder 186
choice 186
enhancements 13
100 % digital 14
case 13
data logger 14
digital filters 14
EN12668-1 13
high performance
PerfectSquare Pulser Technology 13
measurement-display locations 14
optional hardware I/O port 14
parameter adjustment methods 14
276
Index
USB
client port 14
host port 14
enter key 28
environmental
rating 21, 22
seal 20
EPOCH 4 series 120
EPOCH XT
auto calibration 91
configuration 187
data logger 118
description 13
functions 28
getting started 27
how to operate 23
keypad 27
measurements 54
physical features 17
set up 92
setting parameters 29
F
F keys 28
FCC (USA) compliance 9
file
name 37
review 140
summary 140
file review 140
screen 141
file summary 140
screen 141
filter
settings 69
setup example 208
filters tab 207
first dimension 134
elevation 134
First Peak mode 79
flags and markers 39
flaw detection 117
floating gate option 197, 201
full-screen
A-scan 37
display 37
bottom 38
middle 38
top 37
full-screen height (FSH) 64
full-wave mode 70
G
gain 38
add 161
adjustment 163
options 161
gain display 65
GainStep 160
gate
1 75
2 76
alarm
minimum-depth 82
alarms 81
alarms use 204
measurement modes 76
positioning 75
gate alarm
threshold 81
gate level (Lv) 75
gate movement 74
gate start (G1St) 75
gate width (Wd) 75
gates 75
gates, tab 59
general, tab 43
grid 131
grid structure 128
H
half-wave mode 70
hand strap 19
bidirectional 19
hardware input/output (I/O) port 18
harness 21
header titles 146
help 16
high-temperature applications 102
I
ICES-001 (Canada) compliance 10
ID 37
ID key choices 139
find 139
first 139
insert 139
last 139
ID number 131
cannot increment 122
digits increment 122
incremental portion 122
immersion inspection 169
incremental files 122
incrementation
EPRI 2-D grid file 136
standard 2-D grid file 136
input/output port 18
inspection data 140
instrument
compatibility 5
setup menu 42
instrument data logger 117
instrument resets 149
database 149
editable parameters 149
master/database 149
parameters 149
probe library 149
intergranular stress-corrosion cracking (IGSCC)
81
IP (ingress protection) system 21
IP 67 21
J
Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) 165
JIS 154
JIS DAC 165
JIS Z3060 165
K
keypad
Chinese available 29
English 30
international 31
Japanese available 29
keypad functions 29
Index
277
L
label, serial number 2
LEMO 00 connector 86
LEMO connectors 18
library 174
library categories 174
angle beam transducers 174
custom straight contact 174
dual transducers 174
straight contact 174
locating
beam index point (BIP) 107
flaws with angle beam transducer 77
low-frequency transducer 208
M
managing basic operations 27
manual mode 195
manual TVG setup 170
markers 39
material types 170
Max amplitude 79
meas, tab 57
measurement
boxes 38
Echo-to-Echo 77
icons 55
setup menu 53
measuring signal amplitude 78
memory 174
menu navigation 41
control groups 42
parameters 42
sublevel tabs 42
tabs 41
Min amplitude 79
minimum depth alarm 82, 83, 195
mode selecting 68
multipart ID numbers 132
N
navigation, menu 41
near-surface resolution 68
NextDAC 160
note, chapter 10
increment 127
278
Index
nonlinearity 102
peak memory 108
O
Olympus
office address ii
technical support 10
Olympus IIW type I carbon steel calibration
block 110
onboard files creation 119
onboard software options 151
advanced filters 151
AWS D1.1/D1.5 151
B-scan 151
DGS/AVG 151
floating gate 151
opening data files 137
operating
battery, time 24
power supply 23
option
activation 174, 201, 206
activation and reference correct 154
optional hardware 18
options, tab 61
o-ring, gasket, and membrane seals 20
output, analog 86
owner info, tab 46
P
Panametrics 37DL PLUS 120
parameter
keys 28
values, direct entry 29
peak measurement mode 197
Peak mode 79
physical features 17
pipe counterbore 81
pipestand/handle 18
positioning gate 75
power supply 23
AC line 23
battery 24
power, battery 24
powering up 27
preface 13
PRF 66
printing 146
probe delay 91
procedures, adjusting pulser/receiver
adjusting system sensitivity 63
AUTO80 % Gate 1 64
AUTO80 % Gate 2 64
selecting damping option 68
selecting waveform rectification mode 70
test mode selection 68
procedures, basic operations
setting instrument range 29
setup editable parameters 45
procedures, calibrating EPOCH XT
calibration for distance 110
calibration for sensitivity 114
calibration with angle beam transducer 106
calibration with delay-line transducer 97
calibration with dual element transducer 102
calibration with straight-beam transducer 93
locating BIP 107
setting up before calibration 92
verify refracted angle 109
procedures, gates
echo-to-echo thickness measurement 77
setting threshold alarm Gate 1 82
taking thickness reading Gate 1 76
procedures, input and output features
trigger mode selection 88
turn on VGA output 85
procedures, instrument data logger
creating 2-D grid file 130
creating 2-D grid with custom points file 132
creating 3-D grid file 133
creating a calibration file 121
creating boiler file 135
creating incremental files 123
creating sequential files 125
creating sequential with custom points file
126
procedures, operating power supply
using AC line power 23
procedures, physical features
reversing hand strap 19
procedures, software features and options
activate and set up customized curves 166
Index
279
Q
quick recall function 121
quick-release buttons 19
R
range 38
rapid parameter adjustment 29
recall setup function 144
recalling setup 143
receiver settings 69
rectification modes 70
REF B value 183
reference correction 155
reference gain 65, 164
reflector type 175
angle beam probes 175
flat-bottom hole 175
K1-IIW block arc 175
K2-DSC block arc 175
side-drilled hole 175
280
Index
S
safety
installation category 8
instrument class 8
signal words 7
symbols 6
save full 199
save screen 199
saving
A-scan 193
B-scan data 199
data 139
scan color palette
colored 200
gray scale 200
solid color 200
scan speed alarm 196
scanning gain 65
adding 168
seals 20
second dimension 134
tube number 134
sensitivity calibration 114
sequential file 124
with Custom Points 125
serial number
label 2
service or repair 16
service, repair 16
setting
instrument range 29
reference gain 65
scanning gain 65
threshold alarm Gate 1 82
setup
editable parameters 45
recalling 143
signal amplitude 78
signal-to-noise ratio 69
slewing keys 28
software features and options 151
software options 152
sound path 78
leg indicator 78
special waveform functions 71
split A-scan / B-scan 196
split-screen 37
display 38
feature 92
split-screen display 38
standalone battery charger 25
optional 25
part number EPXT-EC 25
standard filters 205
status, tab 46
stored B-scan 200
straight-beam transducer calibration 93
summarizing keypad functions 29
support information 10
symbol
RoHS 3
WEEE 2
system
gain 65
sensitivity, adjusting 63
T
tab
A-scan 49
color 48
editpara 44
filters 207
gates 59
general 43
meas 57
open 137
options 61
owner info 46
status 46
technical
help 16
specifications 227
support 10
test block 93
test modes
dual 68
pulse-echo 68
through 68
thickness reading
gate 1 76
gate 2 76
third dimension 134
custom point 134
tick mark
appearance 82
time-of-flight 80
mode operation 80
time-varied gain (TVG) setup 153
tip
damping setting 68
exit key 43, 48, 54
peak memory 109, 114
trademark disclaimer ii
training courses 15
transducer
connections 17
connectors 17
library 174
transfer correction 164
trigger
mode 88
selection
external 89
internal 89
single 89
trigger parameter 89
trigger syncing capabilities 88
TVG
gain 163
setup 153
Index
281
U
U.S. Air Force IIW type II block 110
ultrasonic attenuation 179
ultrasonic flaw detector 13
units 37
USA FCC compliance 9
USB port 20
use of
AC line power 23
AUTOXX% 64
C-Cell alkaline batteries 26
zoom feature 81
using a 3-D grid 133
using a grid 128
V
velocity 38
verifying refracted angle 109
VGA output 85
view new filters tab 207
282
Index
W
warning
batteries 25
warnings
electrical 9
general 8
warranty information 10
waveform
functions
Display Freeze 74
Peak Memory 72
Reject 71
rectification 70
selection 70
waveform functions
Peak Hold 73
WEEE directive 2
weld root 81
wide temperature range 102
wrap-around interference 66
Z
zoom 81
feature 81