CIVIL WORK DESIGN

INFRA-STRUCTURE Design
Consultant:
Perunding RekaCeKap Sdn Bhd
11A-3 (2nd floor), Jalan USJ 21/7
47630 UEP Subang Jaya
Selangor Darul Ehsan

1.0 BASIC SCOPE OF CIVIL WORKS

Road & Drainages

Earthworks

1.0 BASIC SCOPE OF CIVIL WORKS

Water Supply

Sewerage

1.0 OTHER SCOPE OF CIVIL WORKS

Highway & Bridges

Waste Water Treatment

1.0 OTHER SCOPE OF CIVIL WORKS

Irrigation

Water Resources

EARTHWORK
Scope of earthwork involves:
Site clearance
Construction of temporary site access
General earthwork (cut & fill)
Construction of wash trough
Construct of silt trap & earth drain
Construction of slope/retaining system
Erosion and sedimentation control

EARTHWORK scope
Site clearance

Cut/Fill

Temporary Access

Basement Excavation

EARTHWORK - scope

berm drains

retaining system

EARTHWORK scope
Sedimentation control

Check dam

Silt Fence

EARTHWORK Design info

Topographical map / survey plan
Soil investigation rock profile/soil type
Existing services survey
Development layout

SITE VISIT

EARTHWORK Design Considerations

Topographical of the site and surrounding
boundaries
Existing road levels
Existing stream/drainage discharge inverts
Existing sewerage connection inverts
AVOID / minimize ROCK blasting
Platform to suit type of development
Slope whenever possible avoid retaining walls
Silt control (ESCP)

EARTHWORK Design Compliances

To match surrounding levels
To allow future connectivity of road system
To ensure NO siltation on surrounding
neighboring lands
To ensure FOS of slope stability
To ensure soil settlement within limit
To ensure soil movement do not damage
adjacent properties

EARTHWORK - Design
Platform/level design
Volume calculations BALANCE design
Slope/retaining system analysis & design
Erosion and sedimentation control plan
(ESCP)

EARTHWORK Platform Design

To suit existing contour
To suit type of development
To minimize earthwork cut & fill
To avoid retaining system
Design above flood level
To ensure gravity flow of infra services,
such as sewer & storm water
Slope gradient to avoid strengthening
work
Limit maximum road gradient

EARTHWORK Volume Calculation

Methods to calculate earthwork cut & fill:

Trapezoid Volume Method
Cut sections
Computer software

EARTHWORK Slope Design

General design requirements:
Earth cut slope is 1V: 1.5H (maximum 6m)
Earth fill slope is 1V: 2H (maximum 4.5m)
Berm width 1.5~2m
Minimum factor of safety for slope is 1.25
(or to local authorities requirements)
Analysis using software

EARTHWORK Retaining system

Type of retaining system:

Gabion Wall

Crib Wall

RC Wall

RE Wall

EARTHWORK Retaining wall Design

General design requirements:
Overturning
Sliding
Soil pressure
Strength (for RC wall)
Analysis using software

EARTHWORK ESC Design

Design Comply to MSMA guidelines
The design criteria adopted for sediment are as follow:
Basin Type
: Dry
Soil Type
: Fine-grained loam, clay: more than 33%
< 0.02mm
Design Storm
: 3 months ARI
Location of Fitted Coefficient for IDF Curves : Selangor
Runoff Coefficient C : Type 5 (Bare Loam, suburban
residential with Garden)

SIZE the SILT TRAP (Volume)

EARTHWORK ESC Design

Design Comply to MSMA guidelines
(Non-numerical design)
Determine the flow direction provide earth drains to
divert runoff to the silt trap
Determine locations for check dam to slow down the
flow
Determine locations of silt fence to avoid spill over of
muddy water into existing road & drainage system

EARTHWORK PLAN:
SILT TRAP

SILT TRAP

EARTHWORK SECTIONS:

DESIGN PLANFORM IMAGES

VIEW A

VIEW A

VIEW B

VIEW B

ROAD AND DRAINAGE

SCOPE OF ROAD AND DRAINAGE WORKS
INVOLVES:
Construct road system serving the development
Junction design
Storm water detaining system
Drainage system for the development

ROAD WORK Design Compliances

To match surrounding levels
To allow future connectivity of road system
To meet local authorities / JKR requirements

ROAD WORK Design

TYPICAL LOCAL ROADS
6m Full 6m premix
12m 7.32m premix
15m 9.0m premix
20m- 9m or 4-lane 7.2m premix

ROAD - Design

Road structure
follow local authorities
or JKR standard

ROAD - Design

Road Junction
-

Minimum radius to comply

Minimum acceleration and deceleration distance (depends on design speed)

ROAD - Design

Road Alignment & super elevation

for truck road or highway design

ROAD - Design

Road Signage
follow local authorities
or JKR standard

DRAINAGE
Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia,
published by Department of Irrigation and Drainage.

TWO MAJOR Design Objectives:

Storm water management
+ Ensure post-development run-off are contain
within the development
Hydraulic Design
+ ensure hydraulic structures have adequate
capacity to channel run-off

DRAINAGE storm water management

STORM WATER MANAGEMENT:MANAGEMENT

POST DEVELOPMENT DISCHARGE <

PRE-DEVELOPMENT DISCHARGE

DRAINAGE storm water management

Methods to control postdevelopment run-off.

Landscape/open space

Underground system

Landscape/park

DRAINAGE storm water management

Design of detention system
Establish type of detention system
Define Average Recurrent interval (ARI)
Define the catchment area
Determine the Permissible Site Discharge (PSD)
Determine the Site Storage Requirement (SSR)
Determine the outlet & emergency spillway sizes
Size the retention system
Computer-aided programs

DRAINAGE storm water management

Channel rain water
to OSD system

Overflow outlet

Volume size the

OSD (SSR)
OUTLET limit the discharge
(PSD)

DRAINAGE OSD using underground system

UNDERGORUND OSD

DRAINAGE OSD using open space

Open Space
OSD

IN

OU
T

DRAINAGE hydraulic design

Design consideration
Define Average Recurrent interval (ARI) for varies
type of drainage system (minor / major)
Define the catchment area
Determine the type of drains

Type of hydraulic structures

Drains open, closed, covered
Culvert round, rectangular
Open channel main drain, lined/unlined

DRAINAGE hydraulic design

Design
Manning equation
Minimum & Maximum velocity, 0.8m/s and 4.0 m/s

DRAINAGE hydraulic design

Sample Drainage design sheet

DRAINAGE hydraulic design

Open drain

Culvert (Box)

Covered drain

DRAINAGE hydraulic design

Lined Main Drain

Main drain

Unlined Drain/river

SEWERAGE
SCOPE OF SEWERAGE RETICULATION
WORKS INVOLVES
INVOLVES::
Design external sewerage reticulation serving the
development
Connect to existing sewer reticulation OR propose
NEW sewage treatment plant (STP) or sewage pumping
station (NPS)

SEWERAGE

Sewerage Network

Sewage Treatment Plant

SEWERAGE
Design compliance (3)
Guidelines for Developers on the Design and
Installation of Sewerage System.
M.S. 1228 : 1991 Code of Practice for Design
and Installation of Sewerage System.
Population Equivalent (PE) refer to SPANs
Table

SEWERAGE
Basic PE table base on type of premises

PE Tabulations

SEWERAGE
Sewerage Planning Proposal (PDC/1)
1. Connect to existing sewer main
2. Construct own STP (Advice on reserve &
set back compliance)
3. Construct New Pump Station (NPS)
advise on land reserve & set back
compliance

SEWERAGE
Buffer Zone Requirement
- Open plant > 30m
- Enclosed plant >10m
- Pump station > 20m

Land Area Requirement

-

Depend on the TOTAL PE of the development

SEWERAGE PLAN:

STP Reserve &

buffer zone

IN

OU
T

SEWERAGE RETICULATION - design

Sewerage Reticulation Design (PDC/2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Maximum manhole spacing <90m

Manholes to be located at ALL the junctions
Minimum flow velocity > 0.8 m/s
Maximum flow velocity < 4.0 m/s
VCP, HDPE, Concrete or Cast Iron pipes
Sewer discharge = 50 gal/person/day
Peak Factor = 4.7x(PE/1000)-0.11
Hazen-Williams Equation as stated below:
V = 0.849 CR0.63S0.54
Q = AV
V = velocity in meters per second
C = Hazen-Williams coefficient
R = A/P = 0.25D
D = diameter in millimeter
S = pipe gradient

SEWERAGE RETICULATION - Design

Sewerage Reticulation Design Sheet

SEWERAGE RETICULATION

HDPE Pipe

VCP Pipe

Laying of sewer pipe & Manhole

Concrete Pipe

SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT

Compact STP

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)

Design Effluent Discharge
1. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BOD5 <20mg/l
2. Suspended Solids (SS) < 50mg/l

SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT

Mechanical STP
extended aeration plant

Aerated Lagoon Plant

WATER SUPPLY
Scope of external water reticulation works involves:
Design external
development

water

reticulation

serving

the

Connect to existing water main (incoming main)

Design of suction tank, pumping station and reservoir
(if so required)

WATER SUPPLY

Water Resources &

water treatment

Domestic water supply

WATER SUPPLY - Scope

Incoming main

From Water Main Apply to local water authority

Distribution net work

Suction, pumping
or reservoir, if
required

WATER SUPPLY
Design Guidelines
SPANs Guidelines UNIFORM TECHNICAL GUIDELINES
WATER RETICULATION AND PLUMBING
Water Demand calculations refer to SPANs Table

Determine Highest Supply Level (HSL)

WATER SUPPLY
Design compliance
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Maximum head losses gradient <2:1000 for Peak flow analysis

The C value used in Hazen-William = 100.
The Peak Flow factor = 1.2 for supply to service reservoir and 2.5 for the
reticulation main.
Minimum residual head above the highest supply level (HSL) > 7.5m
Minimum residual pressure above the highest supply level shall (HSL) >
4.5m where supply is directly from elevated storage tank.
Minimum residual pressure > 7.5m from platform level based on average
flow plus fire flow analysis.
Maximum residual pressure at any node < 30.0m for both peak flow and
fire flow analysis.
For average flow plus fire flow analysis, draw-off at 300 gpm (22.73 lps) is
used for one hydrant.
Minimum pipe size of reticulation main shall be 150mm diameter.

WATER SUPPLY
Design HARDY CROSS Method
The network analysis for water distribution system is using
Hardy Cross method and Hazen-Williams equation:
Hf = 10.7 Q1.85
C1.85 D4.87
whereHf = frictional head loss (m)
C = pipe roughness coefficient, 100
Q = flow in pipe (m3/s)
D = internal diameter of pipe (m)

WATER SUPPLY
Design result table

Ensure the residual

head is MORE than
7.6m

EXTERNAL WATER PLAN:

WATER SUPPLY
SUCTION TANK, PUMPING STATION & RESERVOIR
The need depends on the location, water demand of the
development.
Elevated reservoir =
2/3 Storage

Pump house

Suction Tank =
1/3 Storage

WATER SUPPLY
SUCTION TANK, PUMPING STATION & RESERVOIR

Determine BWL for reticulation

Residual head > 4.5m

Incoming MUST able to reach

Suction Tank Inlet

CIVIL WORK DESIGN

THE END
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