1.

a) Describe the situations and lang. choose to use:

- FAMILY: addressees are parents, elderly people Vietnamese
Younger sister/ brother Vietnamese + English
- SCHOOL: addressees are professors/lecturers use English most of the
time/ during the lesson but with formal style; use Vietnamese when
needed or when discuss about private things like consulting but with less
formal style
Addressees are friends use informal Vietnamese in most of situations
Use informal English when discussing
something, practicing English because of intimacy
Use formal English when making presentation
in front of class to show respect
Addressees are the staffs of university use formal Vietnamese when
want to get approval of some requirements, paperwork
- WORKPLACE
Addressees are pupils use English during the lesson time when
explaining something to pupils or chatting to practice English
Use Vietnamese when chatting in the breaktime or explain something that is too hard for pupils to understand in
English
Addresses are colleges use Vietnamese most of time
Use informal English in some cases like
practicing English or want to talk about something that cant be said in
Vietnamese
Addressees are managers use formal Vietnamese most of the time
Addressees are the interviewers when having the first interview to get
the job use formal Vietnamese if they ask questions in Vietnamese
Use formal English when they ask in English or to show my
ability
Addressees are other teachers use Vietnamese when talking to
Vietnamese teacher after class
Use English when talking with foreign
teachers
- CAF: addressees are foreign waiters in luxurious places use English

Addressees are Vietnamese waiters use Vietnamese

- OCCASIONS like weddings, funerals: use formal Vietnamese
- OFFICE: addressees are official use formal Vietnamese to inquire
about the processing of something or to get the driving license or get the
approval of some kinds of certificate
- On the STREET: addressees are police officers use formal
Vietnamese to get the sympathy or to show respect to them
b) Reasons to use one code instead of another
- Social factors: who I am taking to, the social context of the talk, the
function and topic of the discussion
Because it is easier to discuss a particular topic, regardless of where
people are speaking. When both participants share more than one
variety, then other factors will contribute to the appropriate choice.
- The social distance dimension is relevant How well they know each
other? Are they strangers, friends, or brothers?
- The status relationship between people may be relevant in selecting
appropriate code Social role may also be important and this is often a
factor contributing to status differences between people. Typical role
relationships are teacher-pupil, official-citizen
- Features of the setting and the dimension of formality may be also
important at a formal ceremony, the appropriate variety will be
different from that used afterwards even at the same place.
- Another relevant factor is the function or goal of the interaction. What is
the lang. being used for? Is the speaker asking a favour or giving orders
to someone?
2.
a. YES, I encourage students to use another language in my language
room
b. Allow it when: The only situation in which code-switching would be
allowed would be when students need extra help and that would mean
that code-switching could only be from English into the schools
language of instruction explaining grammatical points, explaining
new words and checking for understanding were the three most
popular situations. However, these situations should not be fixed.

Instead, they could be changed according to the context of a specific

class.
c. Discourage it when:
+ The frequency of teachers use of Vietnamese depends on a lot of things such
as students levels of English, aims of the lesson and duration of the class. In
Vietnam, the English levels of the students in the same class are not the same;
therefore using some Vietnamese in ELT is useful for the weaker students. If
there is plenty of work that has to be finished in a short-time class, I may use
Vietnamese more than usual.
3. Code-switching and Code-mixing in multilingual society:
a. Code:
b. Code-switching
c. Code-mixing
d. The place of CS and CM in multilingual society:
to make communication possible between different cultures and language
groups;
for effective communication and to accommodate other language use in
conversations with different people at
different levels;
to emphasise or confirm something.
8.
- Multilingual:
+Vietnamese: national language for political purposes
+French: colonized VN
+Russia: help Vn in war
+Chinese: neighbor country, invaded VN for 1000 years
20. Should there be a special institution in each country to oversee the
codification and development of language? Who should be in this institution and
what should the role of the government be?

Participants:
- Linguists
- Governors
- Representatives of the people
Roles of the government:
- Issuing laws or policies to direct the development of the language, so that
linguists know which directions they should go, what they are required
- Observing
- Funding
23. Should all students be made to learn an Aboriginal or minority language? If
so, which?
- Yes, students should be made to learn Aboriginal language apart from
their national language.
- Reasons:
o Aboriginal language is the language of native people
o To maintain the values
o It is difficult for the people to show pride in those languages.
25. If you are asked to hire an English teacher to teach in your country, which of
the following would you hire assuming that they are all equal in all aspects?:
Teacher from England, your own country, New Zealand, India, Nigeria, Japan,
Canada, USA, Australia, Singapore, and Thailand. Give your reasons for your
choice.
USA- reasons:
- English is national language of the USA.
- USA is a multicultural country, thus, an English teacher from USA can be
influenced by different accents
26. If you are given the choice to select two languages to be taught as foreign
languages in your country, which two would you choose and what are the
reasons for your choice?

- English:
o The international language for a long time
o Many countries use language as their second language: Philippines,
Canada
- Chinese:
o Chinese has the largest number of speaker around.
o Neighboring country knowing the language can encourage
economic interactions.