Access Scaffolding Structural Design Criteria October 1, 2011 Basic Structural Criteria: Saudi Arameo’s Construction Safety Manual (CSM), Chapter II-2, Section 2.5.1(A). Dead (D) Loads + 4 x Live (L) Loads < Failure Failure: defined in CSM. Materials Cold-formed steel may exhibit average yield strength in excess of the specified minimum, Therefore, for scaffolding materials, Strength Increase Factor (SIF) is as follows: Normal Case SIF = 1.0 Maximum SIF=1.10 (Requires vendor verification by yield strength test data) Flexural Elements (ie., Runners & Bearers) Mi (D+4L) Ce: Fa=0E / (Kl AISC ASD Eqn. E2-2 wio Safety Factor Where: C.= SQRT ((20°E) / (Fy * SIF) K=10 However, K = 0.85 (min.) may be permitted if justified by system scaffolding mfg. test data and agreed to by LPD-TSU & CSD-CEU.Access Scaffolding Structural Design Criteria (page 2 of 2) Wind Loading For individual scaffolds, the following loading combinations shall also be checked and shalll not exceed AISC ASD allowable stresses for any scaffold clement i, Dead Load + Live Load + Wind Load ii, Dead Load + Wind Load (max. uplift case) All wind load calculations, including shape factors for round and flat surfaces, shall be in accordance with ASCE 7 for wind loads on “Other Structures.” An Importance Factor of 1.0 and Di Factor of 0.95 shall be used. Foree Coefficient, Cf, shall be taken as 1.2 for round cross-s tubes) and 2.0 for rectangular cross-sections (i.e., tocboards). Exposure Factor is specified in SA\ 112 for the location. Wind Loads for scaffolds shall be determined using a wind speed with a mean recurrence interval (MRI) of ten (10) years. Per ASCE 7 Commentary, the 10-year MRI wind speed is 0.84 times the 3-second gust Basic Wind Speed as specified in SAES-A-112 for the appropriate location Wind forces shall be calculated at various heights for tall scaffolds, including the highest point, to enable the wind load to be more accurately assessed. For all types of scaffolds, tributary wind areas shall be increased an additional 5% to allow for fittings, overlaps, etc. Wind shielding is not allowed anywhere on the scaffold 6. General Requirements a) b ° ¢ °) 8) h) All design calculations shall be fully documented as required by SAES-A-204, inclu analysis results extracted from the computer output, 1 a summary of Per GI 8.001, the proponent is responsible for ensuring that structures supporting scaffolds are capable of safely resisting all imposed loads from the scaffold, Therefore, resultant vertical and/or horizontal reactions imposed on existing structures from Load Combinations (i) and (ji) above, and their locations, shall be shown on the scaffold drawing(s). Scaffolds tied to stacks or circular vessels should be tied with at least eight (8) horizontal ties, Total resultant wind reaction at each level of ties shall be shown on the scaffold drawings. Couplers shall be checked in accordance with CSM Chapter II-2, Section 2.4.2(0). Couplers shall be capable of transferring D+L gravity loads with a safety factor of 4 (multiply the rated Safe Working Loads [SWL] listed in CSM Table 2.1 by 0.4). However, for couplers resisting wind loads in braces, the rated Safe Working Loads (SWL) listed in CSM Table 2.1 may be used (it’s nor required to multiply the rated SWL by 0.4 for wind load combinations). ‘The EN 74 standard that will cover girder couplers is still under development. Therefore, girder couplers marked as conforming to AS 1576.2 are acceptable. Since a safety factor of 4 is required when girder couplers are supporting gravity loads, the usual downward (Y-axis) Safe Working Load of 30 kN per pair of girder couplers (based on a safety factor of 2) must be reduced to 5 KN per pair to ensure a safety factor of 4, The usual SWLs in the other two directions must also be reduced accordingly ‘The most critical posts (standards), bearers (transoms), and runners (ledgers) shall be checked manually for gravity loads, including manual compilation of all gravity loads. Ladder beams, including splices, shall be manually checked for the criteria: D+4LFailure. Failure may be taken as the ladder beam manufacturer's SWL multiplied by the safety factor used by the manufacturer to obtain their SWL. Ladder beam splice details and locations shall be shown on the scaffold drawings. Freestanding scaffolds shall have a safety factor of 1.5 against overturning and 1.2 against sliding, Gravity loads shall be excluded from wind braces when performing a 3D computer analysis and butt- tube ties shall be modeled to no! take tension loads.