Juvenile Justice Laws Training Manual (Final)

Training Manual
Juvenile Justice Laws
By
Fahim Ahmed Siddiqui

Curriculum Development Expert
(Legal Expert)
Sindh Judicial Academy
February – March 2007

Topic:
Juvenile Justice Laws
Number of participants:
Number of Participants 21
Participants Level:
Judicial Magistrates, Assistant Sessions

Judges and/or Additional District Judges
Teaching Level:
Please tick the appropriate column
Induction Training Skill Training
Facilitator/Trainer:
Mr./Ms. ______________________________
Co-trainer:
Mr./Ms. ______________________________
Teaching Tools
 Brainstorming  Group Discussion

 Metaplan  Case Study
 Mini Lecture  Assignments/Tasks
 PowerPoint.  Mock Trial
Training Manual for Juvenile Justice Laws
-1- Prepared by: Fahim Ahmed Siddiqui
Curricular Development Expert (Legal Expert)
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List of Abbreviation
HC High Court
SC Supreme Court
SJA Sindh Judicial Academy
JM Judicial Magistrate
ASJ Assistant Sessions Judge
DJ District Judge
CJ & JM Civil Judge and Judicial Magistrate
OHP Overhead Projector
MM Multimedia
PP PowerPoint
JJSO Juvenile Justice System Ordinance
JJR Juvenile Justice Rules
PLD Pakistan Legal Decision
SBLR Sindh Baluchistan Law Reports
SCMR Supreme Court Monthly Review
FIR First Information Report
CrPC Criminal Procedure Code
Kar. Karachi
Lah. Lahore
Pesh. Peshawar
Qta. Quetta
1 Introduction ______________________________________________________ - 8 -
11.1 Users and Use of Manual ______________________________________________- 8 -
11.2 Training Methods____________________________________________________- 9 -
11.3 Sessions Components ________________________________________________- 11 -
2 The Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2000 ___________________________ - 15 -
2.1 Background________________________________________________________- 15 -
2.2 Salient features _____________________________________________________- 15 -
2.3 Ascertaining age of Juvenile Offender under JJSO _______________________- 17 -
2.4 Arrest of Juvenile Offender___________________________________________- 19 -
2.5 Bail in non-bailable Offences _________________________________________- 20 -
2.6 Trail of Juvenile Offender ____________________________________________- 23 -
2.7 Release of Juvenile Offenders on Probation _____________________________- 26 -
2.8 Function of Probation Officer _________________________________________- 27 -
2.9 Disadvantage of Probation Order______________________________________- 27 -
3 The Sindh Juvenile Justice Rules, 2002 _______________________________ - 30 -
3.1 Legal Assistance to a Juvenile _________________________________________- 30 -
3.2 Borstal Institutions __________________________________________________- 30 -
3.3 Medical facilities at Borstal Institutes __________________________________- 31 -
3.4 Physical Training and Recreation in Borstal Institutes ____________________- 32 -
3.5 Discipline and Punishment ___________________________________________- 32 -
4 The Sindh Children Act 1955________________________________________ - 35 -
4.1 Background________________________________________________________- 35 -
4.2 Outline of Statute ___________________________________________________- 35 -
4.3 Salient Features ____________________________________________________- 37 -
5 Format of Workshop ______________________________________________ - 41 -
5.1 Starting ___________________________________________________________- 41 -
5.2 Handouts __________________________________________________________- 41 -
5.3 Session Plans _______________________________________________________- 41 -
5.4 Attendance/Registration Sheet: _______________________________________- 41 -
5.5 Workshop Overview ________________________________________________- 42 -
5.6 Workshop Schedule _________________________________________________- 42 -
5.7 List of Material for the portfolio of participants __________________________- 44 -
5.8 List of Handouts ____________________________________________________- 44 -
6. Day One First Session ____________________ - 47 -
6.1 Activity Welcome and Setting the Stage ________________________- 47 -
6.2 Learners Objectives _________________________________________________- 47 -
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6.3 Allocated Time ____________________________________________________ - 47 -
6.4 Sessions Overview __________________________________________________ - 47 -
6.5 Materials Needed __________________________________________________ - 47 -
6.6 Handouts _________________________________________________________ - 47 -
6.7 Pre-session Arrangement ____________________________________________ - 48 -
6.8 Registration (15 Minutes) ____________________________________________ - 48 -
6.9 Time Consumed ___________________________________________________ - 48 -
6.10 Welcome, Introduction and Setting the Stage (30 Min) ___________________ - 48 -
6.11 Time Consumed ___________________________________________________ - 50 -
6.12 Expectation and workshop overview (30 Minutes). _______________________ - 50 -
6.13 Time Consumed ___________________________________________________ - 52 -
7. Day One Second Session _______________________- 54 -
7.1 Activity Outline of Juvenile Criminal Laws ___________________ - 54 -
7.2 Learners Objectives ________________________________________________ - 54 -
7.3 Allocated Time ____________________________________________________ - 54 -
7.6 Handouts _________________________________________________________ - 55 -
7.7 Pre-session Arrangements and Preparation _____________________________ - 55 -
7.8 Legislation so far done (60 Min) ______________________________________ - 55 -
7.9 Time Consumed ___________________________________________________ - 57 -
7.10 Harmony and dissimilarity in existing Juvenile Laws of Sindh (35 Minutes). _ - 58 -
7.11 Time Consumed ___________________________________________________ - 58 -
7.12 International aspects of Juvenile Laws (30 Min) _________________________ - 59 -
7.13 Time Consumed ___________________________________________________ - 60 -
7.14 Home Assignment __________________________________________________ - 60 -
7.15 Time Consumed ___________________________________________________ - 61 -
8. Day Two First Session ______________________- 63 -
8.1 Activity Age of Juvenile Offender ________________________ - 63 -
8.3 Allocated Time ____________________________________________________ - 63 -
8.6 Handouts _________________________________________________________ - 64 -
8.8 The Laws relating to Borstal Institutes and Reformatory Schools (15 Minutes) - 64 -
8.9 Time Consumed ___________________________________________________ - 65 -
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8.10 The Laws relating to age and their effect. (30 Minutes) ____________________- 66 -
8.11 Time Consumed ____________________________________________________- 67 -
8.12 Ascertaining the age of a Juvenile accused. (35 Minutes)___________________- 67 -
8.13 Time Consumed ____________________________________________________- 69 -
8.14 Separating the case of juvenile accused from the adult accused. (40 Minutes) _- 70 -
8.15 Time Consumed ____________________________________________________- 70 -
9. Day Two Second Session ______________________ - 73 -
9.1 Activity Trial of Juvenile Offender__________________________- 73 -
9.3 Allocated Time _____________________________________________________- 73 -
9.4 Sessions Overview __________________________________________________- 73 -
9.5 Materials Needed ___________________________________________________- 73 -
9.6 Handouts __________________________________________________________- 74 -
9.7 Pre-session Arrangements and Preparation _____________________________- 74 -
9.8 A. Procedure of Remand to a Delinquent Child. (30 Minutes) ______________- 74 -
9.9 Time Consumed ____________________________________________________- 76 -
9.10 Legal Assistance to Juveniles Appearing in a Criminal Trail. (30 Minutes) ___- 76 -
9.11 Time Consumed ____________________________________________________- 78 -
9.12 Proper Procedure of Trial of Juvenile Cases. (30 Minutes) _________________- 78 -
9.13 Time Consumed ____________________________________________________- 81 -
9.14 Proper Procedure of Released on Probation (30 Minutes) __________________- 81 -
9.15 Time Consumed ____________________________________________________- 82 -
10. Day Three First Session ____________________ - 84 -
10.1 Activity Bail to Juvenile Offenders _________________________- 84 -
10.3 Allocated Time _____________________________________________________- 84 -
10.4 Sessions Overview __________________________________________________- 84 -
10.5 Materials Needed ___________________________________________________- 84 -
10.6 Handouts __________________________________________________________- 85 -
10.7 Pre-session Arrangements and Preparation _____________________________- 85 -
10.8 Time Needed _______________________________________________________- 85 -
10.9 Laws and Procedure relating to Arrest and Bail of Juvenile Offenders. (25 Minutes) _ - 85 -
10.10 Time Consumed __________________________________________________- 87 -
10.11 Bailable and non-bailable offences to juvenile offenders. (30 Minutes) _____- 87 -
10.12 Time Consumed __________________________________________________- 88 -
10.13 Circumstances when bail should and should not be granted. (30 Minutes) __- 88 -
10.14 Time Consumed __________________________________________________- 90 -
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10.15 Mock Trial/Court Moot (30 Minutes) ________________________________ - 90 -
11. Day Three Second Session _____________________- 92 -
11.1 Activity Final Order (Sentencing and Probation) ____________________ - 92 -
11.3 Allocated Time ____________________________________________________ - 92 -
11.6 Handouts _________________________________________________________ - 93 -
11.8 Allocated Time ____________________________________________________ - 93 -
11.9 Orders that cannot be passed against child offender (20 Minutes). __________ - 93 -
11.10 Time Consumed _________________________________________________ - 94 -
11.11 Final Order (Sentencing or Probation). (30 Minutes) ___________________ - 95 -
10.16 Time Consumed _________________________________________________ - 96 -
11.12 Writing Bail Order and Final Orders (50 Minutes) ____________________ - 96 -
10.17 Time Consumed _________________________________________________ - 97 -
11.13 Evaluation and end remarks. (20 Minutes) ___________________________ - 97 -
11.14 Time Consumed _________________________________________________ - 98 -
12. Annexures ____________________________________________________- 100 -
12.1. Handout 1-A (Workshop Overview) _________________________________ - 100 -
12.2. Handout 1-B (Workshop Schedule) __________________________________ - 101 -
12.3. Handout 1-C (Case Study) __________________________________________ - 103 -
12.4. Handout 1-D (Salient Features of JJSO) ______________________________ - 105 -
12.5. Handout 1-E (Salient Features of Juvenile Justice Rules 2002) ____________ - 106 -
12.6. Handout 1-F (Salient features of the Sindh Children Act) ________________ - 108 -
12.7. Handout 1-G (Case Study) __________________________________________ - 109 -
12.8. Handout 1-H (Case Study) __________________________________________ - 114 -
12.9. Handout 2-A (Case Study) __________________________________________ - 119 -
12.10. Handout 2-B (Case Study) __________________________________________ - 120 -
12.11. Handout 2-C (Case Study) _________________________________________ - 121 -
12.12. Handout 2-D (Case Study) _________________________________________ - 122 -
12.13. Handout-2-E (Case Study) _________________________________________ - 123 -
12.14. Handout 2-F (Case Study) __________________________________________ - 125 -
12.15. Handout 2-G (Case Study) _________________________________________ - 126 -
12.16. Handout 2-H (Case Study) _________________________________________ - 127 -
12.17. Handout 2-I (Case Study) __________________________________________ - 129 -
12.18. Handout 2-J (Case Study) __________________________________________ - 132 -
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12.19. Handout No. 3-A (Definition of Bail) ________________________________ - 133 -
12.20. Handout 3-B (Case Study) ________________________________________ - 134 -
12.21. Handout 3-C (Case Study) ________________________________________ - 135 -
12.22. Handout 3-D (Case Study) ________________________________________ - 137 -
12.23. Handout 3-E (Case Study) ________________________________________ - 139 -
12.24. Handout 3-F (Case Study)_________________________________________ - 140 -
12.25. Pre-Test/Post-Test _______________________________________________ - 142 -
12.26. Training Evaluation Form ________________________________________ - 145 -
13. PowerPoint Presentation ________________________________________ - 147 -
13.1. PowerPoint No. 1 (PP-1) ____________________________________________ - 147 -
13.2. PowerPoint No. 2 (PP-2) ____________________________________________ - 149 -
13.3. PowerPoint No. 3 (PP-3) ____________________________________________ - 152 -
13.4. PowerPoint No. 4 (PP-4) ____________________________________________ - 158 -
13.5. PowerPoint No. 5 (PP-5) ____________________________________________ - 160 -
13.6. PowerPoint No. 6 (PP-6) ____________________________________________ - 167 -
13.7. PowerPoint No. 7 (PP-7) ____________________________________________ - 174 -
13.8. PowerPoint No. 8 (PP-8) ____________________________________________ - 181 -
13.9. PowerPoint No. 9 (PP-9) ____________________________________________ - 190 -
13.10. PowerPoint No. 10 (PP-10) __________________________________________ - 195 -
13.11. PowerPoint No. 11 (PP-11) __________________________________________ - 199 -
13.12. PowerPoint No.11-A (PP-11-A)_______________________________________ - 202 -
13.13. PowerPoint No. 12 (PP-12) __________________________________________ - 206 -
13.14. PowerPoint No. 13 (PP-13) __________________________________________ - 209 -
13.15. PowerPoint No. 14 (PP-14) __________________________________________ - 221 -
13.16. PowerPoint No. 15 (PP-15) __________________________________________ - 226 -
13.17. PowerPoint No. 16 (PP-16) __________________________________________ - 231 -
13.18. PowerPoint No. 17 (PP-17) __________________________________________ - 234 -
14. Script of Mock Trial ____________________________________________ - 243 -
1
Introduction
1 INTRODUCTION
Sindh Judicial Academy is a statutory body established under an Act

of Sindh Assembly. The aims and objects of Sindh Judicial Academy
are to spread quality legal and judicial education in the country
especially in the province of Sindh. This noble job is being done by
organizing courses for judicial officers, government pleaders and
members of bar. With the help of Access to Justice Program funded
by Asian Development Bank, a series of Seminars and Workshops
are being held and the present workshop is one of them. In our
country, the plight of children and women is really and issue. It is
said that a Child is the father of man. As a nation, all the hopes of
brighter future for us are centred in our children. No doubt, several
legislative changes and piling number of case laws of our superior
judiciary has helped out in increasing the protection of juveniles. But
it is unfortunate indeed that these reforms in respect of child
protection have not been properly appreciated by our district
judiciary. It is really an untoward situation that the attitude of our
judicial officers regarding children face stagnancy. It is the need of
time that the sensitivity of judges towards the plight of children is to
be intensified and enhanced.
As a part of the training process, participating judges/lawyers have
the opportunity to be trained in this very sensitive issue of our
society. The very purpose and objective of this capacity building
workshop is to develop and enhance the skills of judicial officers to
deal with the criminal cases of juvenile and to deal them mildly and
in accordance with the recent developments in legislation and case
laws.
1.1 Users and Use of Manual

The manual has been developed for SJA trainings for judicial
officers and law officers. The manual is designed according to
international standards for special training needs and requirements
of judicial and legal education institutions. It can be further used for
trainings and seminars in this environment.
Participants of the workshops will be judicial officers, law officers,
district attorneys, prosecuting inspectors and representatives of bar
associations. These are the persons, who are directly associated
with the judicial system. The participants will preferably be already
familiar with the statutory provisions of the laws related to juveniles
and their probation but this training will surely enhance their practical
professional skill.
The training manual accompanies the three half day training and
explains step by step how to deal with the cases of juveniles. Some
Handouts (Annexures) and some slides as study tools and
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reference material (PowerPoint) are attached to this manual in
order to facilitate the trainers.
In order to encourage discussions about good practice in juvenile
justice laws and to provide hands-on assistance, in Handouts
(available in Annexures) good number of case studies for the
training and examples are presented. They may be used but should
not be treated as „blue-prints‟ for similar situations, but for
demonstrating strengths and weaknesses, aspects to be taken into
consideration when putting the training in operation.
The manual explains in a generic way
The salient features of the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance,
2000
The salient features of the Sindh Juvenile Justice Rules, 2002
The salient features of the Sindh Children Act, 1955.
The Provisions of Federal Capital and Sindh Courts Criminal
Circulars
The Probation and Parole of Juveniles
The important features of the above laws are covered in chapters 2
to 4. These important features of the laws are given just for ready
references and they can never be a substitute of the original statue.
The trainer/facilitator has to keep a copy of the statues with him or
her at the time of training.
1.2 Training Methods

Training method shall include all the tools mentioned at the start of
this training manual. They are described bellow:
Brainstorming: Brainstorming is used extensively to allow the

wealth of life and work experience to be shared. Brainstorming is a
highly effective and engaging way for adults to learn, allow many
ideas to be shared in short period of time. In this way, the trainer or
facilitator will be able to have an idea of the present level of
knowledge of the participants. Note taking on flipchart paper is
important in brainstorming session, both to acknowledge
participants‟ contributions and to record key points.
Metaplan: Metaplan is a technique for organizing a variety of ideas

or definitions in a participatory way. Individually, in response to a
specific question, participants are asked to jot down ideas, words, or
phrases on individual cards or pieces of paper. They then work in
small groups and select the best ideas to present on cards to the
- 10 - Prepared by: Fahim Ahmed Siddiqui
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whole group. The trainer organizes the cards in front of the group,
until all the ideas are displayed. This is a quick way of focusing a
brainstorming session. It is useful in cases where there may be
greater diversity of responses.
Mini Lecture: Instead of lengthy inductive lecture, a mini-lecture

mainly focusing on grey areas of the knowledge of participants is
delivered by the facilitator. It provides a fruit for thought for the next
activity i.e. Guided Group Discussion or Case Study. It is very useful
for conventional teaching but it is equally workable for workshop
training.
Guided Group Discussion: Group Discussion usually trigger by

putting a question before the participants or focusing on a case
study. The facilitator or trainer encourage the participants to bring
forth their ideas and then guided a course for discussion without
forcing them to reach a set conclusion. In this way, the participants
will be able to learn effectively and able to retain their knowledge.
Case Study: It is actually a Guided Group Discussion based on

some case study. The case study used in this manual is adopted
from actual situations. Before starting case study session, the trainer
should give instruction to the participants that they should based on
the information provided in Case Study and avoid “what if” and “but
if” sidetracking.
Tasks/Assignments: Tasks are actually assignments for the whole

group or smaller groups. The trainer may either write the task on a
transparency or on a flipchart and post it on the wall, or, if the task
involves many steps or answer numerous questions, then it will be
useful to write out the task on paper and give a separate copy to
each group. Multimedia computer presentation may also be used for
the same purpose.
Mock Trials: Mock trials or court moots are actually a powerful tool
of judicial and legal education. Importance of practical work has
been admitted all over the world for any sort of learning activity. In
mock trial, the practical situation of a court room is created in the
simulation room. It is tried to involve as many of the participants in
the activity as possible. In this way the participants will be better able
to understand a particular situation by performing it practically.
1.3 Sessions Components

Each session includes the following components.
Component Description
Identifies the main topic of the
Title
session.
Describes what participant will be
able to do in order to demonstrate
increased knowledge, improved skills
or changed attitudes. For each
session, the trainer should write the
Learner Objectives learners objectives on a
Transparency or make slide of the
same on computer for presenting
through multimedia projector. He
should open each session by
reviewing learners objective.
Indicates the approximate duration of
Time
time for each session.
Provides a breakdown of the session
Session Overview into sub-activities, including
approximate times.
List the materials required for the
Material
session.
List the handouts required for the
Handout
session.
Steps are facilitation instructions for
conducting the session. Most
sessions are built upon the four
components of the experiential
learning cycle that are Experience,
Reflection, Generalization, and
Application.
Experience: It is a formal exercise

or participatory presentation in
Steps which information is presented for
discussing and learning.
Reflection: It helps participants to
think about and analyze new
information and develop their own
ideas about a topic.
Generalization: It allows
participants to draw broad
conclusions and lessons learned
about the new information.
Application: It enables the
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participants to visualize how they
may apply their new skills in the
future.
Denotes information that is most
Transparency or effective when presented through
Multimedia Presentation OHP Transparency or Multimedia
Presentation.
At the end of every important topic a
sufficient space for personal notes of
Personal Notes of trainer has been provided. It is not
Facilitator/Trainer only for background notes but also
for alternative ways to manage a
particular activity.
Indicates any arrangements the
Preparation trainer needs to make prior to
session/lesson.
Personal notes of Facilitator
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2
Brief Survey of Juvenile Justice Laws-I
The Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, 2000

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2 The Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2000
2.1 Background
Modern concepts in criminology caused drastic changes in the ways
of dealing with juvenile offenders in many countries of the world. To
a great extent, juvenile delinquency has direct connection with socio-
economic changes in almost all the societies of the world and ours is
not an exception. It is the need of time that the society should treat
juvenile offenders distinguishing to adult lawbreakers on a uniform
basis. Islam has given great stress regarding better treatment with
children and has given them full immunity against criminal laws.
Prior to promulgation of the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance,
2000 no uniform law was in existence in Pakistan concerning with
children involved in criminal cases. No doubt the Sindh Children Act,
1955 and the Punjab Children Ordinance, 1983 were in operation in
the provinces of Sindh and Punjab respectively but no such law was
in field in the provinces of NWFP and Baluchistan. Thus the most
important and significant aspect of the Juvenile Justice System
Ordinance is that it if applicable to the whole of Pakistan. The law
was made under the obligation of International Conventions. On 20th
November 1989, the United Nation General Assembly adopted the
Convention of Right of Child. Pakistan ratified the same in the year
1990. Under the said convention, it was mandatory for all the nations
who ratified it to bring about changes in the laws relating to children
according to the Convention. Article 4 of the said Convention lay
down that all the countries shall undertake all appropriate legislative
and administrative measures for implementation of the rights of
children recognized under the Convention.
2.2 Salient features

The following are the salient features of JJSO:
Age of child is 18 years;1
The area of operation of law is whole country including tribal
areas;2
The definition of Guardian is extended and now a relative who
is willing to take responsibility of child is also included in the
definition of „guardian‟;3
1
section 2(b) of the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, 2000.
2
section 1(2) ibid.
3
section 2(d) ibid.
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Every youthful offender or victim of offence has a right to
engage a counsel on state expenses and such counsel should
have a standing of 5 years at bar;4
A juvenile court has exclusive jurisdiction thus no joint trial of a
youthful offender and adult accused is possible;5
It is obligatory to juvenile court to decide cases within 4
months;6
Juvenile court is empowered to conduct inquiry in case of
suspect of the age of a person as to he is juvenile or not;7
Without permission of the court, the court proceeding which
disclose the identity of juvenile including his photograph shall
not be published in any newspaper;8
The court may call a confidential report regarding the
character, education and moral background of the juvenile
through probation officer and only the substance of that report
may be shared with child or his guardian;9
The police officer arresting a juvenile offender is bound to
intimate his guardian and probation officer (so that he may
collect any information needed to be communicated to juvenile
court);10
A juvenile under the age of fifteen years if involved in an
offence punishable with imprisonment of less then 10 years
shall be treated as an offender of a bailable offence.11
If a juvenile detained in an offence punishable with death shall
be released on bail if he remained under detention for a period
of one year without conclusion of trial.12
If a juvenile detained in an offence punishable with
imprisonment for life shall be released on bail if he remained
under detention for a period of six months without conclusion of
trial.13
If a juvenile detained in an offence not punishable with death or
imprisonment for life shall be released on bail if he remained
under detention for a period of four months without conclusion
of trial.14
4
Section 3 of the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, 2000.
5
Sections 4(1) and 5 ibid.
6
Section 4(6) Ibid.
7
Section 7 ibid.
8
Section 8 ibid.
9
Section 9 ibid.
10
Section 10(1) ibid.
11
Section 10(5) ibid.
12
Section 10(7) (a) ibid.
13
Section 10(7) (b) ibid.
14
Section 10(7) (c) ibid.
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It is a supplementary law to the other laws (like Sindh Children
Act 1955) as it is not in derogation to other laws pertaining to
children.15
2.3 Ascertaining age of Juvenile Offender under JJSO

The law has empowered the court to ascertain age of juvenile
offender through an enquiry. An enquiry can be conducted in the
following situations:
The court can reach at a conclusion as to the age of the
accused from any source or material including medical report.
Inquiry does not mean that every case should be referred to for
ossification test.
Results of ossification test only provide a clue as to the age
and the same are not conclusive proof of age.
If there are two views regarding the age of accused, the view
favouring the accused should be adopted.
If there is doubt about the age of accused, the same to be
decided in favour of accused.
Case Laws:
Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, 2000 is a beneficial
enactment; benefit should extend to juvenile and not to
complainant. (Muhammad Riaz v/s the State) 2001 YKR 3096
If there is some doubt as to the age of juvenile, the same
should be decided in favour of juvenile. Muhammad Riaz
(supra).
Now it is established law that when there is a conflict between
medical evidence about age and proof of age recorded in
school registers, the later is normally preferred as a safer
proof. Ref Ali Shah v/s the State 1990 PCrLJ 640 (Karachi);
Ghulam Hussain alias Khudda v/s the State PLD 1989 Lahore
543; Muhammad Afzal v/s Muhammad Saeed 1989 PCrLJ
2349; (Muhammad Hanif v/s Muhammad Yaqoob) 2001 YLR
2060.
15
Section 14 of the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, 2000.
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When we speak of the medical evidence, it obviously means
clinical and radiological examination or what is commonly
called as the ossification test. It is a well known fact that the
ossification test can only give a clue as to the age but cannot
be conclusive proof and this exercise has to be resorted only
when there is no other proof available like the School Leaving
Certificate and the Birth Certificate and the court is in a
quandary about the age of an accused. Even where matters
are referred for ossification test, a margin has to be given for
doctors‟ opinion, as it is not absolute. (Muhammad Akram v/s
Muhammad Haleem) 2002 PCrLJ 633.
Where two views relating to the age of accused were possible,
the view in favour of the accused was normally to be accepted.
No evidence on record appearing in rebuttal to show that the
accused was major, therefore no doubt in the matter of age
would be resolved in his favour. (Ejaz Hussain v/s the State)
2002 SCMR 1455.
Personal notes of Facilitator/Trainer
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2.4 Arrest of Juvenile Offender

Section 10 of JJSO provides procedure of arrest of a youthful
offender. The salient features of law relating to the arrest of juvenile
are as under:
When a child is arrested for an offence, the incharge of police
station as soon as possible shall inform the guardian of the
child with date of hearing and juvenile court where the child is
to be produced.16
He has to inform the concerned probation officer also to enable
him to collect any material and circumstances which may be of
assistance to juvenile court.17
The child so arrested should be produced to concern juvenile
court within 24 hours of his arrest.18
If he is involved in a bailable offence, and not already released
on bail the court shall immediately release him on bail with or
without surety. 19
Even in bailable offence, if court thinks that releasing such child
on bail shall bring him in association of criminals or shall
expose him to any danger then court shall not release him and
give him in custody of probation officer or a suitable person or
institution and direct to trace his guardian and when the
guardian is traced shall release him on bail.20
In a bailable offence, under any circumstances, a child cannot
be kept in police custody or in jail.21
No child under the age of 15 years shall be arrested or
detained under any preventive law including the provisions of
Chapter VIII of Cr.P.C.22
16
See section 10 (1) (a) of the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2000.
17
See section 10 (1)(b) ibid.
18
See section 10 (2) ibid.
19
20
21
22
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2.5 Bail in non-bailable Offences

Bail becomes a right of accused in certain situations like delay in
trial, further enquiry and some infirmities etc. u/s 497 (1) a child is
entitled for bail. However, the JJSO has made it a statutory right of a
child accused if his trial is delayed up to certain extent. The key
points relating to provision of bail in a non-bailable offence are:
p
A non-bailable offence, in which punishment is less then 10
years, shall be considered as bailable for a youthful offender
who is under the age of 15 years.23
A child who is accused of an offence punishable with death is
entitled for bail if he is continuously in custody for a period of
one year and whose trial has not been concluded.24
A child who is accused of an offence punishable for life is
entitled for bail if he is continuously in custody for a period of
six months and whose trial has not been concluded.25
He is entitled for bail, if he is accused of an offence not
punishable with death or imprisonment for life, and remain in
custody for four months and his trial has not been
concluded.26
However, the court may refuse to grant bail to a child of or
above the age of 15 years, if there are reasonable ground to
believe that such child is involved in an offence which is
serious, heinous, gruesome, brutal, sensational in character
or shocking to public morality or he is previous convict of an
offence punishable with death or imprisonment of lift.27
Case Laws:
Under Section 10(7) of this ordinance, a child in case of
offence punishable with imprisonment for life is entitled to
bail if his continuous detention exceeds period of six months,
unless there is default in conclusion of trial on the part of
such accused or the offence is serious, heinous, gruesome
etc., within the meaning of proviso to this subsection.
Mansoor Ahmed and others v/s the State 2002 PCrLJ
657.
It is to be emphasized that under clause (c.) of subsection
(7) of section 10 of the Ordinance a child shall be released
on bail if he is accused of an offence punishable with less
than imprisonment for life and has been detained for a
continuous period exceeding four months and the trial has
not concluded subject of course, to the condition laid down
in the proviso thereto and that the delay in the trial is not
occasioned by or on his behalf. (Afsar Zamin v/s the State)
SBLR 2001 Karachi 974 = PLD 2002 Kar 18 = 2002 PCrLJ
23
Section 10 (5) of Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2000.
24
Section 10 (7)(a) ibid.
25
Section 10 (7)(b) ibid.
26
Section 10 (7)(c) ibid.
27
Proviso of subsection (7) of Section 10 ibid.
p
657.
U/s 7 of Juvenile Justice Ordinance 2000 determination of
age of the accused is not only to be done at the trial stage
but also in bail proceedings. Bail allowed for offence u/s 380
PPC in view of the figures 17/18 years and in absence of
any medical report about age to the contrary, the accused
was allowed bail. (Afsar Zaman v/s the State) PLD 2002
Karachi 18.
Contents of FIR does not disclose that the offence alleged
against the applicant were serious, heinous or gruesome.
The case was held to be one of further enquiry and bail was
granted in a case under section 392 PPC. (Gulfirosh Abbasi
and aother v/s the State) 2003 SD 153.
The proviso added to the abovementioned subsection (7) of
Section 10 of Juvenile Justice System Ordinance of 2000
excludes the operation of the provision of the said
subsection where the offence committed was serious or
heinous or gruesome etc. As per the allegations levelled
through the FIR, five persons had entered the house of the
complainant in the dark hours of the night while each one of
them was armed with a firearm and had thereafter
committed dacoity. It, therefore, could not be said that such
an offence was not serious or heinous. In this view of the
matter, concession made available to the accused children
through the above-mentioned provisions of subsection (7) of
section 10 of the said ordinance could not be extended to
the petitioner. (Altaf and 4 others v/s the State) 2002 PCrLJ
384.
The plea regarding the minority of the petitioner and the
grant of bail on that score is also devoid of force. The first
proviso to section 497 (1) CrPC is not attracted to the
circumstances of the case. The learned counsel for the
petitioner is also not correct in invoking section 10(7) of the
Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, 2000 to press the case
of the bail of the petitioner. According to proviso to section
10(7) ibid where a child of the age of 15 years or above is
arrested, the Court may refuse to grant bail, if there are
reasonable grounds to believe that such child is involved in a
serious and heinous offence. Thus the grant of bail on the
plea of minority alone is not an inflexible rule of law. Indeed,
if a person be of such age, accused of, the mere fact that his
marginally under the age of majority would not be a sound
reason for extending bail to him. (Shamroz v/s the State)
2003 YLR 325.
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2.6 Trail of Juvenile Offender

Under the law, trial of a juvenile accused cannot be carried out in a
manner as to the adult accused. As per law, if an unrepresented
child is involved in any criminal case either as accused or victim, the
court cannot proceed the trial unless a lawyer is appointed on state
p
expenses. The following aspects of the trial of a juvenile are to be
considered:
No joint trial of a youthful offender with his adult co-accused is

possible;28
Juvenile court has to follow the proceeding of CrPC unless
otherwise provided in the ordinance.29
Juvenile court has to complete trial within four months;30
Proceedings taken place in the court are not allowed to be
published in any newspaper etc., without permission of the
court, especially that part of the proceedings which discloses
the identity of juvenile in any manner;31
The parents or guardian of the child may sit during the
proceeding of the court. 32
The juvenile court in the interest of child decency and morality
may direct any person to withdraw from the court at the time of
trial of a juvenile offender.33
If at any stage, juvenile court is satisfied that the attendance of
child is not essential, it may dispense with the attendance of
child offender.34
Case Laws:
Section 5(2) of Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2000,
provides separate trial for a child and the prosecution has to
submit another CHALLAN to the Juvenile Court along with
original documents for the purpose and then the trial of
accused in the said court will commence, after conclusion
whereof the CHALLAN of other co-accused is to be
submitted to the Sessions Court for fresh trial of the co-
accused. The prosecution witnesses will have to firstly
appear for recording their evidence in the Juvenile Court and
thereafter they will appear before the Sessions Court. The
will be subjected to cross-examination twice. Hence, another
delay is likely to be caused in conclusion of the trial of a case
in which an accused comes within the provisions of Juvenile
28
See sections 4(1) and 5 of Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2000.
29
Section 6(1) of the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, 2000
30
Section 4(6) ibid.
31
Section 8 ibid.
32
Section 6(3)(d) ibid.
33 Section 6(4) ibid.
34
Section 6(5) ibid.
p
Justice System Ordinance, 2000. Due to delay in trial of
such cases the co-accused will have the ground of bail
merely on the statutory ground. Furthermore there will be
likelihood of passing of conflicting judgments by the two
courts and that too on the basis of same evidence. This
aspect of the matter will also go in favour of accused. The
prosecution is likely to suffer a lot in such-like cases. Hence
it requires due care and caution before declaring a person as
a child and it is only the Juvenile Court which can decide
whether a person is a child or not. (Muhammad Akhter v/s
Muhammad Riaz) 2001 YLR 276.
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2.7 Release of Juvenile Offenders on Probation

If after trial, the Juvenile Court comes to the conclusion that the
juvenile who has committed an offence, then the court may pass a
probation order in the following terms:
p
That the child offender be released on probation for good
conduct and place him in the custody of guardian or any
suitable person executing a bond with or without surety for any
period not exceeding the period of imprisonment awarded to
such child.35
The child released on probation should be produced before the
Juvenile Court periodically or such dates and times as directed
by the court.36
The Juvenile Court may reduce the period of probation in the
case where the court is satisfied that further probation shall not
be necessary.37
2.8 Function of Probation Officer

Under JJSO, apart from the responsibilities and functions assigned
to a probation officer under the law,38 he has to perform the following
functions:
He shall assist the Juvenile Court by submitting reports about

the character, educational and moral background of the child.39
Such report remained confidential but its substance may be
provided to child or his guardians.40
The role of Probation Officer shall be the same as the role
assigned to him under the Probation of Offenders Ordinance
1969.
According to the Probation of Offenders Ordinance, the
probation officer, after release of the offender on probation, has
to visit or receive visit from the offender periodically, be friendly
with offender, give advice to him and see that the offender
should follow the conditions of bond executed under section 5
of the said order.41
2.9 Disadvantage of Probation Order

It is not necessary that every child offender should be released on
probation. The purpose of probation is rehabilitation and reformation
35 See section 11(a) of the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2002.

36 Proviso of clause (a) of section 11ibid
37
Subsections 11 (c) ibid.
38
Probation of Offenders Ordinance 1960
39 Section 9(1) of the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2002.
40
Subsections (2) and (3) or section 9 ibid.
41
Section 12 of the Probation of Offenders Ordinance, 1969.
p
of an offender. The chances of reformation for a child are much
higher then an adult offender. Thus release of a juvenile offender on
probation will be more beneficial if the conditions of bond are
properly observed. On the other hand, if after release the child has
an opportunity to mix up with the persons of doubtful character and
nature, then chances of reformation will be diminish. Thus, the
juvenile court should be more careful at the time of passing a
probation order in favour of a juvenile.
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3
Brief Survey of Juvenile Justice Laws-II
The Sindh Juvenile Justice Rules 2002

3 The Sindh Juvenile Justice Rules, 2002

As per section 15 of the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, the
provincial government is empowered to make rules. Thus in exercise
of those powers, Sindh Government by notification has made rules.
The following are the important aspects of the rules:
3.1 Legal Assistance to a Juvenile

Legal assistance should be provided to a child offender
or victim on state expenses. {Rule 3}
The Juvenile Court is empowered to change the
counsel appointed if he is not competent or not
providing legal assistance to child. {Rule 3 (1) }
The Session Judge has to constitute a panel of legal
practitioners for providing legal assistance and not
more than two cases should be assigned to one
counsel. {Rule 3(2)}
The Session Judge is also authorized to determine the
fee of counsel providing legal aid to a juvenile on state
expenses which should be within a range of Rs. 5000/-
to 10,000/- {Rule 3(3)}
3.2 Borstal Institutions

It is mandatory for government to establish and
maintain at least one borstal institution in every district
of the province. {Rule 4(1)}
For proper mental, moral and psychological
development necessary arrangement for education
and training should be made in every borstal institute.
{Rules 4(2)}
Individual attention should be paid on moral treatment
of inmates through some religious institution and
education up to high school level and
vocational/technical training under proper supervision
to be provided. {Rule 13}
p
Arrangements for technical training should be made at
borstal institutes and the inmates will be encouraged to
pick up any of such training. An inmate may learn
various skills including architecture. {Rule 14}
All the facilities of proper accommodation should be
made in the borstal institutions. {Rule 5}
No person shall be allowed in a borstal institution
(including incharge and other officials) to keep
cigarettes, gutka, supari, pan or any chewable material
and herbs causing unconsciousness or detrimental to
the health. {Rule 6(4)}
Steps shall be taken to improve mental calibre of
inmates of institute and they will not be allowed to
waste their time. {Rule 16}
Female child offenders shall be detained in a separate
enclosure in the borstal institute. {Rule 7(1)}
If no facility of separate enclosure for female child
offender is available at borstal institute, the matter shall
be reported to Juvenile Court for transfer of such
female child offender to any care home. {Rule 7(2)}
All the complaints and requests made by any inmate
shall be properly attended but false complaints shall be
discouraged. {Rule 17}
No inmates of the institutes shall be stigmatized in any
manner relating to criminal case in which he is involved
or convicted. {Rule 19}
Proper diet as per prescribed menu mentioned in sub-
rule 2 of Rule 20 shall be provided to inmates on state
expenses. {Rule 20}
3.3 Medical facilities at Borstal Institutes

Every inmate of borstal institute shall be examined by
medical officer of the institute and his/her medical
record shall be kept at the institute. {Rule 8(1), 9(1)}
There shall be medical check up of all the inmates
after every three months. {Rule 9(2)}
The M.S or Civil Surgeon of District Headquarter
Hospital shall pay a visit to borstal institute at least
once in a month for supervising the health condition of
inmates. {Rule 8(2)}
p
Specialized or emergency treatment on the advice of
specialists/consultants of District Headquarter
Hospitals should be provided to inmates. {Rule 9(4)}
Cases of inmates suffering from serious diseases (like
tuberculosis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, hepatitis-B &
C, HIV/AIDS, cancer, epilepsy, leprosy etc.) should be
reported to Juvenile Court with latest reports for
passing an order deemed fit.
A female child should be examined and treated by
female medical officer. {Rule 8(3)}
3.4 Physical Training and Recreation in Borstal Institutes

The inmates shall be provided physical drill,
gymnastics, indoor and outdoor games at the borstal
institute. {Rule 15(1)}
Instruction and training in respect of first aid and
sanitation shall be provided at the institute. {Rule
15(2)}
In every borstal institute, a specious play ground shall
be provided. {Rule 15 (3)}
3.5 Discipline and Punishment

Discipline and order shall be maintained in the Borstal
Institute but without unnecessary restrictions.
The inmates, committing Jail Offences, shall be
punished with minor penalties as provided in Pakistan
Prison Rules.
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4
Brief Survey of Juvenile Criminal Laws-III
The Sindh Children Act 1955

4 The Sindh Children Act, 1955
4.1 Background
In the western judicial system, we could not see any specific
legislation providing special treatment to juvenile offenders. As
against to western jurists, the Muslim jurists were fully aware of
treating adult and juvenile offenders separately. In Islam,
adolescence is a condition precedent for holding an accused
criminally liable. All the Muslim jurists are consistent on the point of
providing immunity from criminal liabilities to a child. As against
Islam, treatment of juvenile offenders differently and mildly is
comparatively a new phenomenon in the western judicial system. In
the subcontinent, the first significant juvenile friendly legislation was
seen in Indian Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860). There were two
sections specifically providing immunity to juveniles. According to
section 82 of IPC, no act done by a child under seven years of age
is an offence. Section 83 provides a child above the age of seven
years, who has not attained sufficient maturity of understanding the
nature and consequences of his conduct, and when commits an
offence then he shall not be tried for the same. Later on the
Reformatory School Act, 1897 was promulgated under which
reformatory schools were established. The scope of Reformatory
School Act was only rehabilitation and reformation of the juvenile
offenders instead of sending them to jail with adult offenders.
Although, it did not provide any scheme for separate trial of the
children but it provided a distinction between the child and adult
offenders. In undivided India, Bombay Presidency is pioneer in
giving a methodology of separate trial for child delinquency. Bombay
Children Act was passed in 1924 and its operation was extended to
the Province of Sindh in 1936. Bombay Children Act deals not only
the rehabilitation of neglected children but also transformed the
procedure of trial of juvenile offenders. However, there were certain
lacunas in Bombay Children Act regarding separate trial of such
offenders. After independence, an attempt to rectify these lacunas
was made. The law was repealed and new Act under the name of
Bombay Children Act, 1948 was promulgated. Later on, the law was
made more comprehensive when Sindh Children Act was
promulgated in the year 1955.
4.2 Outline of Statute

The Sindh Children Act, 1955 comprises of FOUR parts.
Part – I : Preliminary
(Sections1 to 6)
In this part the purpose of enactment, its area of
operation (Province of Sindh), definitions etc. are
given.
p
Part – II : Powers and Functions of Juvenile Courts
(Sections 7 to 24)
In this part, the procedure of establishing juvenile
courts and description of those courts are given
which are vested with the powers of juvenile
courts. In this part, the detail function of juvenile
courts is also described.
Part – III : Industrial Schools, Certified Schools, Remand

Homes & Other Institutions, Societies &
Associations
(Sections 25 to 36)
This part is devoted to rehabilitation schemes of
delinquent children. In this part, the procedure for
establishing and managing an Industrial School
or certifying an already functioning organization
as industrial school has been described. These
schools are only place fit for reception of child
offenders for the purpose of their rehabilitation.
Part – IV : Officers, their Powers and Duties

(Section 37 to 39)
Part – V : Measures for the Care and Protection of

Destitute & Neglected Children
(Sections 40 to 47)
Part – VI : Special Offences in Respect of Children

(Sections 48 to 63)
Part – VII : Youthful Offender

(Sections 64 to 77)
Part – VIII : Measures for Detention etc. of Children and

Youthful Offenders
(Section 78 to 88)
Part – IX : Maintenance and Treatment of Committed

Children
(Sections 88 to 93)
Part – X : Appeals
Sections 94 to 96)
Part – XI : Miscellaneous
(Sections 97 to 110)
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4.3 Salient Features

The main features of the Sindh Children Act, 1955 may be
summarized as follows:42
a) Juvenile Court has exclusive jurisdiction over the cases
triable under this Act in an area where such a Court is
established except in case of offences exclusively triable by a
Sessions Court.43
b) Joint trial of a juvenile with an adult has been eliminated.44
c) Earlier in the original text of the Act, the appearance of a legal
practitioner has been barred in proceedings, unless the Court
feels that it is necessary in public interest (section 14).
However, by virtue of Ordinance, XI of 1984, section 14 was
repealed and, as such, the legal practitioner can now appear
and defend a juvenile offender.
d) Provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1898 have been
made applicable to the trial of cases and conduct of
proceedings under this Act, unless expressly provided for
otherwise.45
42
Adopted from `Laws Relating to Children` by M. Ilyas Khan Advocate (Fourth Edition) pp. 53
43
See section 9 of the Sindh Children Act, 1955.
44
See section 10 ibid.
45
p
e) A Juvenile Court has discretion under this Act, to commit
uncontrollable children to certified school or to a fit person or
to any institution.46
f) Punitive provisions have been made in the Act to prevent
exploitation of children for ulterior ends or exposing them to
conditions.47
g) Special offences in respect of children have been made
cognizable.48
h) Provisions for bail have been made for youthful offenders and
the conditions attached thereto.49
i) Under the repealed Act of 1924,50 the Court was empowered
to commit an offender to prison. Under this Act, the Court
shall have to order the offender to be kept in safe custody in
such place or manner as it thinks fit and shall report the case
for the order of the provincial government.
j) The Act provides for repatriation of youthful offenders to their
provinces of origin on their own bonds.51
k) A sentence of canning has been eliminated as was provided
in the repealed Act of 1924.
l) A person under the age of 16 years at the time of commission
of offence shall be considered as child.52
m) Instead of awarding conviction a final order for detention in a
borstal or certified school or a probation order shall be passed
against a child offender.53
n) Neglected and destitute children are given special attention
and the Juvenile Court may direct to keep them in reformatory
school or pass any other appropriate order to safeguard their
interest.
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46
Section 47 ibid.
47
Section 59 ibid.
48
Part VI ibid.
49
Section 64 ibid.
50
the Bombay Children Act 1924.
51
Section 9 of Sindh Children Act, 1955.
52
Sections 5 and 64 ibid.
53
Section 71, 72 ibid.
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5
Training Methodology for Workshop
5 FORMAT OF WORKSHOP
5.1 Starting
The workshop begins with definitions and theory; trainer encourages
the participants to share their past experiences. Next comes an
organized effort of understanding the different aspects of criminal
jurisprudence pertaining to juvenile laws to develop competence in
the participants to deal with the matters of delinquent children
according to the sprit of law. Different simulation sessions are
devoted for the purpose of practical approach of the law through
case study.
5.2 Handouts
A list of Handouts is mentioned in Para 5.4. These handouts are
having specific purpose and they will be used at different sessions of
the training by the trainer so that training may not deviate from its
path. These handouts should be provided to the trainees either
before starting the training or during training. It has come in
experience that delivery of handout to the trainees at the appropriate
time is more useful.
5.3 Session Plans

Session Plan shall be prepared much before the session. It is
necessary for the trainer to follow the session plan to avoid
unnecessary deviation from the topic under discussion. At the time of
brainstorming and group discussion, the trainer needs special
cautiousness in this respect.
5.4 Attendance/Registration Sheet:

Separate sheets containing the details of name, designation, contact
number, email address etc should be prepared in advance. It will
serve as Attendance/Registration Performa providing essential
information about the participants. A model format of such sheet is
given bellow:
S. No Name of Participant Designation Phone # Signature

email
5.5 Workshop Overview
No Sessions Purpose
1. Registration Names of participants will be
registered and they will be provided
their portfolios.
2. Welcome and setting Sets the tone of the workshop,
the stage provides an overview of workshop
objectives, and helps participants get
acquainted.
3. Defining social impact Defining the background of child
of topic. delinquency and the need for laws for
child delinquency.
3. Defining Juvenile Introduction of Juvenile Criminal
Criminal Laws Laws in general, the specific statues
and their components etc.
4. Defining the issues Providing Guidelines for identifying
faced in court issues related to trial of child
delinquency cases.
5. Future action plan Developing a plan of action for proper
handling of the cases of child
delinquency.
6. Measuring Results Evaluation
7. Closing
5.6 Workshop Schedule
Day First Session Second Session

One Registration Define the background and
outline of Juvenile
Setting the stage Criminal Laws
 Welcome  Presentation54 in
 Expectation and Chronological order.
overview.  Presentation of
International Treaties
54
It will be better if presentation with the help of PowerPoint or flip chart.
p
and Declaration (PP-8
and PP-9).
 Salient features of
different criminal laws
dealing with delinquent
children.
 Harmony and
contradictions with
international treaties.
Two Define the effect of Age of Procedure of remand to a
delinquent offenders on their delinquent Child.
trial.  Police remand.
 Under 7 years  Sending to remand
 Above 7 years home.
 Under 16 years  Case Study.
 Under 18 years Procedure of Trial by juvenile
Ascertaining the age of a court.
child accused.  Jurisdiction of juvenile
 When Ossification test is court.
necessary?  Arrest of juvenile.
 Proof of age based on  Case Study.
School Leaving Legal assistance of child
Certificate is safe or not. accused.
 What other modes can  When legal assistance
be used? will be provided.
 Case Study  Role of Sessions Judge
Separation of Juvenile Case in respect of legal
 Order of separation of assistance to juvenile.
case when and how to be  Case Study.
passed.
 Case study.
Three Laws and procedure relating Orders that cannot be
to arrest and bail of child passed against juveniles.
offenders.  Case Study
 Definition of bailable Sentencing to juvenile
offences. offenders (Final Order).
 Definition of non-bailable  Theories of sentencing
offence. and application on
 Case Study. juvenile cases.
Statutory provision of Bail.  Role of Borstals,
 Case Study Reformatory School.
Circumstances when bail  Case Study
should and should not be Probation Order for
granted to juvenile offender. juveniles.
 Case Study  Function of Probation
Mock Trial. Officer.
 Probation order.
 Case Study
Writing Judgements and
Orders.
5.7 List of Material for the portfolio of participants
No Description
1. Photostat Copy of Workshop Overview
2. Photostat Copy of Schedule of Workshop
3. Photocopy of the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance,
2000 (Bare Act)
4. Photocopy of the Sindh Juvenile Justice Rules, 2002
5. Photocopy of the Sindh Children Act, 1955
6. Photocopy of the Sindh Borstal Schools Act, 1955
7. Photocopy of the Reformatory Schools Act, 1897
8. Photostat Copy of UN Convention on the Right of Child
9. Photostat Copy of UN Declaration of Right of Child
10. Photostat Copy of Juvenile Justice System Ordinance
11. Photostat Case Laws mentioned above
12. Notebook
13. Few paper sheets.
14. Ballpoint or sharpened pencil
5.8 List of Handouts
No Description
1-A Workshop Overview

1-B Workshop Schedule
1-C Case Study (Story of Abraham Lincoln)
1-D Salient Features of the Juvenile Justice System
Ordinance, 2000
1-E Salient Features of the Sindh Juvenile Justice Rules,
2002
1-F Salient Features of the Sindh Children Act, 1955
1-G Case Study (Urdu Translation of Borstal Schools Act,
1955)
1-F Case Study (Urdu Translation of Reformatory Schools
Act, 1897)
2-A Case Study (Inquiry to Determine Age)
2-B Case Study (Inquiry to Determine Age)
2-C Case Study (Inquiry to Determine Age)
2-D Case Study (Exercise of Writing Age Order)
2-E Case Study (Separate Trial of Juvenile Offender)
p
2-F Case Study (Remand of Juvenile)
2-G Case Study (Providing Counsel on State Expenses)
2-H Case Study (Proper Procedure of Separating Juvenile‟s
Case)
2-I Case Study (Probation Order in Appeal)
2-J Case Study (Exercise of Writing Probation Order)
3-A Case Study (Definition of Bail)
3-B Case Study (Treating non-Bailable Offence as Bailable)
3-C Case Study (Provision of Bail under Juvenile Laws)
3-D Case Study (Bail in non Bailable Case)
3-E Case Study (Final Order)
3-F Case Study (Writing Bail Order)
6
Day One ― First Session
6. Day One First Session
6.1 Activity Welcome and Setting the Stage
6.2 Learners Objectives
By the end of session, the participants will be able to:

Feel comfortable with one another and breaking the ice.
Know the experience and expertise of the group by
interacting and involving with each other.
Share a common set of experience for workshop.
Be familiar with workshop goals and objectives.
6.3 Allocated Time

75 Minutes.
6.4 Sessions Overview

A. Registration (15 Minutes)
B. Welcome, Introduction and Setting the Stage (30 Minutes).
C. Expectation and workshop overview (30 Minutes).
6.5 Materials Needed

Multimedia projector and laptop computer duly
connected with multimedia.
Alternately, O.H.P. and duly prepared and plain
transparency.
Paper, markers, clips, pair of scissors and scotch tape.
Flip Chart
Note Card (Plain cards of different colours having size
of postcard).
Stand for Flip Chart.
6.6 Handouts
 Handout 1-A (Workshop overview)
 Handout 1-B (Workshop Schedule)
p
6.7 Pre-session Arrangement
Trainee should be seated in a way that proper teaching space
is available to the trainer.
Prepare a PowerPoint presentation of workshop Goals and
Objectives or make such transparency (if OHP) is used or
write down them on a flip chart (if multimedia or OHP not
available) and post them on stand with the help of clips,
Arrange all the articles and material in easy reach of co-
trainer.
Co-trainer should be given all the necessary advice etc.
Before starting the training, the trainer should check every
thing according to check list (already prepared by him)
6.8 Registration (15 Minutes)
Step-1 The participants should arrive punctually on the

time given to them.
Step-2 The names of the participants with their

designation on a register and they will be
provided their portfolio containing notebook,
ballpoint, pencil, program schedule, and some
reading material.
Step-3 The participant will take their seats in simulation

room.
6.9 Time Consumed
___________ Minutes
6.10 Welcome, Introduction and Setting the Stage (30 Min)
Step-1 Welcome participants of workshop and introduce

trainers and other staff with the trainees.
The actual time will be mentioned after imparting training.

p
Step-2 Express interest in knowing who the trainees are,
tell the participants that now the trainees will try a
method of introduction which will give them a
chance to practice interviewing and presenting
information.
Step-3 Ask participants to pair up, preferably with some

one they don‟t know.
Step-4 Ask the participants to rearrange their sitting in a

way that each pair sit together so that they can
exchange information easily.
Step-5 Show PowerPoint Presentation No. 1 (PP-1) or

make the following OHP Slide or on a Flip Chart,
display the points of slide and ask the
participants to take 5 minutes to interview the
other member of their pair (both will interview
each other) and obtain the following information.
Slide 1-A
Name:
Home District:
Place of Posting:
Education:
Experience as Lawyer/Judge:
Any special expertise or achievement:
Hobbies and Interests:
Step-6 Ask participants to take 1 minutes each to

introduce the other member of his pair (both
partners will introduce each other). In this way
they will share the above information received
from their partners to the whole group.
Step-7 Ask the trainees, what they enjoyed the most.

Inform them two way communication is always
more interesting than one way communication.
Tell them that we are here to gain energy and
confidence and learn skills from one another. Tell
them that what we are going to learn from each
other will certainly be beneficial and useful for
our job and it will enhance our working capacity.
6.11 Time Consumed

________ Minutes
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6.12 Expectation and workshop overview (30 Minutes).
Step-1 Explain that it is important for the whole group to

share their expectations of workshop with one
another and with the trainees. These
expectations will be compared to the workshop
program. Give cards and ask each participant to
write one or two expectation in a few words on
the card handed over to them.
Step-2 Using PowerPoint-2 (PP-2), or alternately OHP

slide or Flip Chart, display the Goals and
objectives of workshop

Slide 1-B
Workshop Goals and Objectives
The goals of this participatory workshop are to develop a

comprehensive knowledge about the rights, laws and criminal
trials relating to juveniles. During the workshop, you will,
Get knowledge about the international treaties and
declarations about the right of child.
Discuss the laws relating to juveniles.
Explore common and distinguishing features of the laws
relating to juveniles.
Define important issues relating to juveniles facing criminal
trials.
Discuss ways and measures to improve the quality of
criminal trial pertaining to juveniles.
Step-3 Collect the cards from the participants.

Read them aloud one by one.
Together participants and trainers should
determine which expectations will be met by
the workshop, and which may be beyond the
scope of the workshop. Post in bold and large
word “Parking Lot” on your computer (if you
are using a multimedia) or on a flipchart and
ask the participants that those expectations
will be “parked” here and then they will be
addressed letter on if time permits.
If an expectation falls outside of the scope of
workshop, discuss openly and together with
the participants that it might be fulfilled at a
later date or in another workshop.
Step-4 Distribute Handout 1-A and 1-B (Workshop

Overview and Schedule). Review the same with
the participants and answer any question.
Step-5 Distribute pre-test form to the participants and

ask them to complete it within 10 minutes and
then recollect the same.
p
Step-6 Any house keeping announcement, about
lodging, food, transportation, and so forth.
6.13 Time Consumed

_______ Minutes
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7
Day One ― Second Session
7. Day One Second Session
7.1 Activity Outline of Juvenile Criminal Laws

Learn different legislations so far made for delinquent
children.
Know the salient features of the Juvenile Justice System
Ordinance 2000 and the Sindh Children Act 1955.
Be familiar with harmony and inconsistency between existing
juvenile criminal laws.
Know the salient features of UN Convention and UN
Declaration of Right of Child.
7.3 Allocated Time
2 Hours
A. Background of different Legislations for Delinquent Children

and Salient Features of existing laws. (60 Minutes).
B. Harmony and dissimilarity in the two Juvenile Laws of Sindh
(30 Minutes).
C. International Treaties/Declaration for protection and
promotion of the Rights of Children (30 Minutes).

transparency.
p
Flip Chart
of postcard).
7.6 Handouts
 Handout 1-C
 Handout 1-D
 Handout 1-E
 Handout 1-F
 Handout 1-G
 Handout 1-H
7.7 Pre-session Arrangements and Preparation

Prepare PowerPoint presentations showing different
components of this session. If multimedia facilities are not
available then make such transparency (if OHP is used) or
write down them on a flip chart (OHP not available) and post
them on the stand with the help of clips,
trainer.
7.8 Legislation so far done (60 Min)
Step-1 Read thoroughly, Chapter 1 to 4 thoroughly

beforehand so that every detail remains fresh in
your mind.
Step-2 Ask the participant to divide in three teams or

sub-groups with a team leader and tell them that
these groups will survive till the end of workshop.
Give names to Group as Alpha, Bravo and
Charlie or any other suitable names.
p
Step-3 Show PowerPoint Presentation No. 3 (PP-3), and
discuss each slide with details.
Step-4 Give Handout No. 1-C (Story of Lincoln) and ask

the participant be ready for case study. Allow the
participants to read the handout in 5 minutes and
then show PowerPoint Presentation No. 4 (PP-4)
or OHP slide having following questions.
Slide 2-A
Q. 1. Why Abraham Lincoln has not brought any

defence witness before the court and avoided to
argue the case on point of law?
Q. 2. What do you think about the verdict of jury
considering that there was no law for juveniles in
USA at that time?
Q. 3. What is the importance of this case in the
history?
Step-5 Now distribute 3 note cards to each participant

and ask them to write down the best possible
answers on each card with question number.
Allow them to do this within 10 minutes.
Step-6 Ask all the three teams to sit together and

discuss about the story, questions etc. and select
the best answer amongst the team or sub-group
and present them before the entire group. Each
group will have to select the best answers within
5 minutes and an additional 5 minutes for
presenting before the whole group through their
leader.
Step-7 Tell the participants that in this way they will be

able to grasp a case of the history of USA which
trigger a discussion in the country about dealing
the juvenile offenders differently but the first
special law for juvenile could not be promulgated
even after four decades of the said case, then
remind them about Illusion Law of July 1899.
Note: Trainer must remember that the above exercise

(from step-4 to step-7 is based on Metaplan, which
is a training technique for organizing an idea or a
definition in a participatory way. Here through this
exercise, the participant will learn to organize their
p
ideas and after this enjoyable exercise, they will
be ready for other learning task.
Step-8 Tell the trainees that Pakistan is under the

obligation of making juvenile friendly laws for the
whole country. Besides our need it is our duty to
promulgate such laws. Tell them that Juvenile
Justice System Ordinance, 2000 was
promulgated to cater these needs and demands.
Step-9 Show PowerPoint Presentation No. 5, (PP-5) and

explain all the salient features of Juvenile Justice
System Ordinance to the participants.

explain all the salient features of Rules made
under Juvenile Justice System Ordinance to the
participants.
Step-11 Show PowerPoint Presentation 7, (PP-7) and

explain all the salient features of Sindh Children
Act, 1955 and explain the distinguishing
characteristics of Juvenile Justice System
Ordinance, 2000 and Sindh Children Act, 1955
7.9 Time Consumed

________ Minutes
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p
___________________________________________________________
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7.10 Harmony and dissimilarity in existing Juvenile Laws of

Sindh (35 Minutes).
Step-1 Distribute Handouts 1-D (Salient Features of

JJSO), 1-E (Salient Features of Sindh Juvenile
Justice Rules) and 1-F (Salient Features of Sindh
Children Act).
Step-2 Ask the participants to write down at least 3

common and 3 distinguishing features of Sindh
Children Act and Juvenile Justice System
Ordinance on a sheet of papers.
Step-3 Ask the participants to do a group activity and

select from each group only 3 common and 3
more distinguishing features of the two laws.
Step-4 Presentation of reports of group leaders

regarding common and distinguishing features
selected by their groups.
Step-5 Comments on the report by trainer if needed.
7.11 Time Consumed

________ Minutes
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p
___________________________________________________________
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7.12 International aspects of Juvenile Laws (30 Min)
Step-1 Tell the participants that the Federal Juvenile

Legislation (JJSO) is under the obligation of
some international treaties and conventions.
Step-2 Now describe the participants, about the

importance of UN Convention on the Right of the
Child and UN Declaration on the Right of Child.

PowerPoint Presentation No. 9, (PP-9)
describing salient features of UN Convention and
UN Declaration respectively.
Step-4 Ask the participants to go through the UN

Convention of the Right of the Child and UN
Declaration of the Right of the Child, already
available in their portfolio.
Step-5 Now, the three sub-groups are asked to compare

the JJSO and with UN Convention on the Right
of Child and ask them to pick the appropriate
sections which is in accordance to Articles 1, 19,
20, 33, 34, 37, 40.
Step-6 Reports of group leaders.

p
7.13 Time Consumed
________ Minutes
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7.14 Home Assignment
Step-1 Distribute Handouts 1-G and 1-H amongst the

participants.
Step-2 Ask the participants to go through both of the

above Handouts which are in URDU and in
which the important features of Sindh Borstal
School Act 1955 and Reformatory School Act
1857 are given in question answer form.
Step-3 Ask the participants to compare these important

features with the original text provided in their
portfolio and prepare a report either in Urdu,
Sindh or English regarding any defect, deficiency
or discrepancy in the original text and translation.
Also ask them give suggestion to make the

p
translation more easy and effective so that it may
be understood to common man.
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7.15 Time Consumed

________ Minutes

8
Day Two ― First Session
8. Day Two First Session
8.1 Activity Age of Juvenile Offender

Learn the laws relating to Borstal Institutes and Reformatory
Schools.
Learn the application of laws relating to age of majority and
minority by a court of law.
Define which of the laws relating to age will be preferred and
effect of age on the trial of a juvenile.
Know about the methods of ascertaining the age of a juvenile.
Know the technique of accepting final report and separation
of the case of juvenile accused.
Learn art of writing order of ascertaining the age of Juvenile.
8.3 Allocated Time

2 Hours.
A. The Laws relating to Borstal and Reformatory Schools (15

Minutes)
B. The Laws relating to age and their effect. (30 Minutes).
C. Ascertaining the age of a Juvenile accused. (35 Minutes)
D. Procedure of separating the case of juvenile accused from
the adult accused (40 Minutes)

transparency.
p
Flip Chart.
of postcard).
8.6 Handouts
 Handout 2-A
 Handout 2-B
 Handout 2-C
 Handout 2-D
 Handout 2-G

write down them on a flip chart (if OHP not available) and
post them on the stand with the help of clips,
trainer.
8.8 The Laws relating to Borstal Institutes and Reformatory

Schools (15 Minutes)
Step-1 Start the day with some amusing story or a joke

to get the attention of the trainees. The trainer
has to motivate the trainees to make them ready
to grasp the material going to be delivered.
Step-2 Now remind them about the home assignment

given them last day. Ask them to handover the
trainer their individual report regarding any
deficiency or discrepancy observed by them in
the original text and translation of the law.
Step-3 Start a brainstorming session by asking a

question that whether this type of translation of
laws will give any service to society.
Note: The purpose of the above exercise to get the

participants acquainted with the laws relating
to borstal and reformatory school. It is
designed in a way that a participant who is
well versed in English so also those of lesser
I.Q. can understand the law fully.
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8.9 Time Consumed

________ Minutes

p
8.10 The Laws relating to age and their effect. (30 Minutes)
Step-1 Now ask the participants to be ready for an

amusing activity.
Step-2 Now show PowerPoint No 10 (PP-10) or

alternately OHP Slide or Flip Chart to invite the
attention of the trainees towards definition of
„Child‟ given in section 2(b) of Juvenile Justice
System Ordinance 2000 and section 5 of Sindh
Children Act, 1955.
Step-3 Now distribute note cards to the participants and

ask them participants to write down the answer
of following question.
Which of the definitions of „Child‟ will be

preferred by you and why?
Section 2(b) of the Juvenile Justice System
Ordinance, 2000.
Section 5 of Sindh Children Act 1955.
Step-4 Participants are then asked to sit according to

their groups and select the best answer from
each of the group and submit their report through
the group leader.
Step-5 After going through the answers, guide the

participants if necessary to reach the proper
conclusion. It can be done by engaging them in a
guided discussion. In this respect some simple
questions may be asked about the rule of
construction in case of two conflicting statutes.
Step-6 It is to be noted that during discussion; assist

them in reaching to proper conclusion. While
telling them the rule of construction and
preference in case of any conflict between two
statutes guide them that the preference will be
given in the following order:
i) Federal Legislation will be given
preference to the Provincial Legislation.
ii) If both are from the same legislative
authority then the legislation which is
recent in time will be preferred.
iii) Special laws will be preferred upon
general laws.
p
iv) The provisions of substantive laws will be
preferred on procedural laws.
v) The provisions of primary legislation will
be preferred on delegated or secondary
legislation.
Note: The above exercise is actually a combination of

metaplan and guided discussion in which the whole
group has to participate.
8.11 Time Consumed
________ Minutes
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8.12 Ascertaining the age of a Juvenile accused. (35 Minutes)
Step-1 Now distribute Handout 2-A to the participants

and ask them to go through the contents of
Handout for 2 minutes.
Step-2 Trigger a discussion to ascertain that either the

delinquent mentioned in the case is a juvenile or

p
not. Guide the discussion for 10 minutes to reach
a conclusion.
Step-3 Now distribute Handout 2-B and 2-C amongst

the participants and ask them to go through the
same for 2 minutes.
Step-4 Initiate a discussion amongst the participants for

ascertaining the age of the delinquent shown in
both the Handouts. Try to conclude the
discussion within 10 minutes.
Step-5 During the last case study process, ask a

question about the statutory provision of
determining the age of delinquent.
Step-6 Now show PowerPoint No. 11 (PP-11) to the

participants. In case multimedia facilities are not
available, use OHP or Flip Chart (as alternate
teaching tool) to show the contents of PP-11.
Step-7 Now ask a simple question “What should be the

essential criteria of writing an order of deciding
the age of a person claiming to be juvenile?” By
asking this question, start brainstorming.
Step-8 Now continue the brainstorming for a period of 5

minutes.
Step-9 Now guide the participants by telling them that

the order should be speaking. Tell them to
remember the following things at the time of
writing an order deciding the age of person
claiming himself juvenile. However, it will be
better to show PowerPoint No. 11-A to them.
 There are teeming numbers of for and

against case laws deciding the age relying on
different documents or methods.
 Thus there is no hard and fast rule to decide
age on the basis of a specific method or
document.
 Function of ascertaining age is the sole
discretion of juvenile court.
 The gist of the arguments of either side
should be incorporated in the order.
 The words showing unclearness or
impreciseness of the mind of presiding officer
should not be used.
p
 Avoid using of words „suppose, guess or
imagine‟ in the concluding or decisive
paragraph of the order.
 Do not use phrases „I think, I suppose, I
consider‟ in the concluding paragraph.
 Be definite and firm at the time of deciding
the factor of age.
 Be precise in writing the order and use simple
language of plain English.
Step-10 Now give the participants Handout 2-D to the

participants and ask them to write an order of
ascertaining the age within 15 minutes.
8.13 Time Consumed
________ Minutes
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8.14 Separating the case of juvenile accused from the adult

accused. (40 Minutes)
Step-1 Show PowerPoint Presentation No. 12 (PP12) to

the participants or if multimedia facilities are not
available then show the contents of PowerPoint
to the participants through OHP Slides or
Flipchart. After 5 minutes, turn towards the next
step.
Step-2 Now give Handout 2-E to the participants and

ask them to go through its contents of the same
for 5 minutes.
Step-3 Now trigger the discussion by asking any of the

following or similar questions.
Q.1 Whether learned Judicial Magistrate has acted

rightly in the instant case?
Q.2 What would be the proper course for magistrate
at the time of accepting final report?
Q.4 What mistake has been done at the sessions
court?
Q.3 What ought to be done by the learned Assistant
Sessions Judge?
Step-4 Now guide the discussion for about 20 minutes.

The trainer should watch that the discussion
remains on the track and not deviated far from
the topic of separation of the cases of juvenile
accused. If needed, guide the participants
towards the proper course which has to be
observed at every level of the initial proceedings
of the case to avoid the agony and miseries of
the parties.
8.15 Time Consumed
________ Minutes

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9
Day Two ― Second Session
9. Day Two Second Session
9.1 Activity Trial of Juvenile Offender

Know the correct procedure of remand to delinquent children.
Learn the application of laws relating to legal assistance to be
provided to minors involved in a criminal trial.
Learn the correct procedure of trial of delinquent children.
Learn about probation order.
9.3 Allocated Time

2 Hours.
A. Rule for Remand of Juvenile Accused. (40 Minutes).

B. Law relating to Legal Assistance to Juveniles appearing in
a Criminal Trial. (40 Minutes)
C. Proper Procedure of Trial of Juvenile Cases. (40 Minutes)
D. Procedure of release of a Juvenile Offender on probation.

transparency.
p
Flip Chart
of postcard).
9.6 Handouts
 Handout 2-F
 Handout 2-G
 Handout 2-H
 Handout 2-I

Prepare PowerPoint Presentations showing different
trainer.
Co-trainers should be given all the necessary advice etc.
9.8 A. Procedure of Remand to a Delinquent Child. (30

Minutes)
Step-1 Give Handout 2-F to the participants and ask

them to go through the contents of it for 5
minutes.

following questions.
Q.1 What would be the correct duration of police

remand in the instant case?
Q.2 Would it be better to send the accused to some
remand home or reformatory school instead of
given police remand?
Q.3 Why not police remand should be given in such
type of cases?
p
Q.4 What would be the effect, if the age of the
accused is changed?
Q.5 How to satisfy complainant?
Step-3 Do not interrupt the discussion unnecessarily and

let the participant to reach a proper conclusion.
Only steer the discussion in a way that it would
not become of track or go contrary to set legal
principles.
Step-4 If the discussion is deviated from its course then

it can be put to track by asking any of the above
or similar questions.
Step-5 Ask and encourage all the participants to enter

into discussion. It is necessary for the trainer to
persuade and give confidence to enter into
discussion to those who remain mum during the
discussion.
Step-6 Try to cover the following aspects during

discussion.
If the age of the accused is

 Under 7 years
 Above 7 years
 Under 16 years
 Under 18 years
 Above 18 years
Step-7 Devote 40 minutes for the whole activity and then

conclude this segment of session in a pleasant
manner. The discussion can be put to an end by
telling some amusing story or incident. There will
be no need for any conclusion, if the discussion
remained healthy and not astray of the set legal
principle.
Note: The above exercise is actually a case study in

which the whole group has to participate. If you
have more than one co-trainer then the discussion
can be done in sub-groups where it would be more
effective.
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9.9 Time Consumed
________ Minutes
9.10 Legal Assistance to Juveniles Appearing in a Criminal

Trail. (30 Minutes)
Step-1 Distribute Handout 2-G amongst the participants

and tell them to go through the same for 5
minutes.

p
following or similar questions.
Q. 1 Whether a complainant has any right to make an

application for getting service of an advocate on
state expenses?
Q. 2 Is there any provision of law to give him a right to

move such application?
Q. 3 Can the court refuse the Application of Adam on

the ground that he is not a pauper person?
Q. 4 How can an order be passed by the Sessions

Judge when it is not a juvenile case?
Q. 5 Whether an order for appointing an advocate for

complainant can be passed if one of the accused
is juvenile and his case is separated?
Step-8 Continue the discussion for a period of 25

minutes.
Step-9 If necessary, guide the participants during

discussion skilfully in a way that they will be able
to understand the provisions of law regarding the
rights of a minor to get the services of an
experience lawyer on state expenses even if he
is a complainant. It should also be brought under
discussion that a minor accused, complainant or
even aggrieved person has a right to engage a
counsel on state expenses irrespective of the
fact that he is a pauper person or not.
Note: The above exercise is a case study in which the

whole group has to participate.
Step-10 In continuation of discussion mentioned at Step-

9, guide the participants regarding proper
procedure about legal assistance and
maintenance of a list by the Sessions Judge for
providing legal assistance to juveniles as
provided in the Juvenile Justice Rules 2002.
Step-11 Now show PowerPoint Presentation No. 12 (PP-

12) about Rule 3 of Juvenile Justice Rules and
go through it in the light of discussion already
made to pack up the entire discussion. (Steps 10
and 11 will require 10 minutes)
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9.11 Time Consumed
________ Minutes
9.12 Proper Procedure of Trial of Juvenile Cases. (30

Minutes)
Step-1 Distribute Handout 2-H amongst the participants

and ask them to go through it for 5 minutes.
Step-2 Now invite the participant to enter into a

discussion. The discussion may be initiated by
asking any of the following questions.
Q. 1 What mistake has been done by the magistrate

at the time of taking cognizance?

p
Q. 2 Whether the procedure to bifurcate the case of
juvenile as adopted by the magistrate is correct?
Q. 3 What is the correct procedure of separating the
case of juvenile offender?
Q. 4 Was the refusal of providing a lawyer on state
expenses is proper?
Q. 5 What is your opinion regarding the procedural of
trial adopted by the magistrate?
Step-3 The goal of discussion is to steer the participants

towards the correct legal position. Continue the
discussion for 25 minutes and guide the
discussion tactfully towards the correct legal
position. In this respect following points should
be given sufficient weight during discussion.
No joint trial of juvenile and adult offenders is possible.

Thus the trial should be separated and really separated not
perfunctorily. [Sections 5 of Sindh Juvenile Justice System
Ordinance and Section 10 of Sindh Children Act]
If at the initial proceeding, magistrate is satisfied that the
offender is a child as per definition given in Juvenile Justice
System Ordinance and no inquiry is needed in this respect
then he has to direct the police to submit a separate
Challan for juvenile offender [Ref. Muhammad Akhter v/s
Muhammad Riaz (2001 YLR 276)]
A Juvenile Court shall not ordinarily take any other case on
the day when a case of juvenile is fixed for trial. [Section
6(2) Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2000]
No person except the officials of the court, concerned
parties and the parents or guardian of the child should be
present at the time of trial. [Section 6(3) Juvenile Justice
System Ordinance 2000, Sections 15 and 19 of Sindh
Children Act, 1955]
The appearance of a parent of child is not necessary if the
child is removed from the custody of such parent under the
order of a court. [Section 19 of Sindh Children Act, 1955]
The attendance of child may be dispensed with if his
attendance is not essential for trial. [Section 6(5) Juvenile
Justices System Ordinance 2000, Section 17 of Sindh
Children Act, 1955]
Before starting the trial, the court may direct any person
present in the court to withdraw from the court [Section 6(4)
Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2000, Section 18 of
Sindh Children Act, 1955]
p
If a person refuses to withdraw from the court then the court
may take action for removal of such person from the court.
[Section 18 of Sindh Children Act, 1955]
The Probation Officer is to assist the Juvenile Court by
making a report on the child‟s character, education, social
and moral background. (Section 9 of Juvenile Justice
System Ordinance)
The court is bound to provide a lawyer on state expense to
a child either he is an accused or subjected to offence.
[Rule 3 of Juvenile Justice Rules]
Step-4 Show PowerPoint Presentation No. 13 and

14 (PP-13 & PP-14) to the participants to tie
up all the information acquired during
discussion. Discuss every section concerning
the trial and make a comparison of sections
provided in Juvenile Justice System
Ordinance and Sindh Children Act.
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9.13 Time Consumed
________ Minutes
9.14 Proper Procedure of Released on Probation (30

Minutes)
Step-1 Distribute Handout 2-I amongst the participants

and ask them to go through it for 5 minutes.
Step-2 Now initiate a discussion by asking the following

Q. 1. Whether the appellate court is justified in

releasing the offender on probation?
Q. 2. Whether releasing the juvenile offender on
probation will not encourage them to repeat the
offence?
Q. 3. When the probation order should not be passed?
Q. 4. Whether order passed by the first appellate court
is within the four corners of law?
Step-2 Guide the discussion for about 10 minutes during

which guide them about the proper procedure of
passing probation order.
Step-3 Now distribute Handout 2-J amongst the

participants and ask them to write down a brief
probation order within 20 minutes for any of the
two situations.
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9.15 Time Consumed
________ Minutes

10
Day Three ― First Session
10. Day Three First Session
10.1 Activity Bail to Juvenile Offenders

Learn the laws and procedure relating to arrest and bail of
Juvenile Offender.
Define bailable and non-bailable offences for juvenile
offenders.
Define the circumstances when bail to a juvenile offender
may or may not be granted.
10.3 Allocated Time
2 Hours.
A. Laws and procedure relating to arrest and bail of juvenile

offender. (25 Minutes)
B. Bailable and non-bailable offences to juvenile offenders.
(30 Minutes)
C. Circumstances when bail should and/or should not be
granted (30 Minutes)

a. Multimedia projector and laptop computer duly
b. Alternately, O.H.P. and duly prepared and plain
transparency.
c. Paper, markers, clips, pair of scissors and scotch
tape.
d. Flip Chart
p
e. Note Card (Plain cards of different colours having
size of postcard).
f. Stand for Flip Chart.
10.6 Handouts
 Handout 3-A
 Handout 3-B
 Handout 3-C
 Handout 3-D

trainer.
10.8 Time Needed

2 Hours
10.9 Laws and Procedure relating to Arrest and Bail of Juvenile

Offenders. (25 Minutes)
Step-1 Ask the trainees to define arrest and procedure

of arrest. Start brainstorming for about 10
minutes. Meanwhile get the idea whether the
participants are correctly defining the arrest and
its procedure.
Step-2 Now tell them that law has provided some

distinguishing parameters for the arrest of
juvenile offender.
p
14) and explain about the procedure of arrest
and detention of a child and the right of a child
during arrest or detention.
Step-4 Now tell the trainee to prepare for an interesting

exercise. Ask them to sit according to their
groups but not close to each other.
Step-5 Now distribute note cards to all the trainees and

ask them to write down the definition of bail.
Keep an eye that there will be no cheating or
copying. Allow 2 minutes to write down the
definition.
Step-6 Now ask them to select the best answer from

their group. Permit them to select not more than
two best answers. Allow them 5 minutes to select
the best answers.
Step-7 Now ask their group leaders to present the best

selected answer before the whole group.
Step-8 Now give Handout 3-A to the participants to read

the proper definition of bail as described by
Justice (Rtd) Fazal Karim in his book „Access to
Justice‟ and in „Black Law Dictionary‟.
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10.10 Time Consumed
________ Minutes
10.11 Bailable and non-bailable offences to juvenile offenders.

(30 Minutes)
Step-1 Handover, the Handout 3-B to the participants

and ask them to go through the same for 5
minutes.
Step-2 Now initiate the discussion by asking any of the

following or similar questions to the participants.
Q. 1 What do you say after going through the case

study?
Q. 2 Whether the action of police officer was correct?
Q. 3 Whether the action of Judicial Magistrate was
correct?
Q. 4 Whether police officer can himself release the
accused on bail?
Q. 5 Whether Sessions Judge can transfer the case to
an Additional Sessions Judge, when he himself
is also enjoying the jurisdiction of Juvenile Court?
Q. 6 What would be the proper action to be done by
the Sessions Judge?
Step-3 Guide the discussions for 20 minutes during

which show PowerPoint Presentations No. 15 &
15 (PP-14 & PP-15) to the participants and
during the discussion covers all the aspects of
PP-14 and PP-16.

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10.12 Time Consumed
________ Minutes
10.13 Circumstances when bail should and should not be

granted. (30 Minutes)
Step-1 Handover, Handout 3-C to the participants and

ask them to go through the same for 5 minutes.
Step-2 Now initiate discussion by asking any of the

following or similar questions. Do not carry on the
discussion longer then 20 minutes.

p
Q. 1 Why no provision for bail by court was mentioned
in Sindh Children Act?
Q. 2 Whether court can refuse to release a child on
bail in a bailable offence when his father is ready
to take care of him but he himself is notorious
criminal?
Q. 3 If court refuses to release a child in a bailable
offence because his father is a notorious criminal
then what will be the proper order?
Q. 4 Whether all of the juvenile offenders are entitled
for bail?
Q. 5 Which of the juvenile offenders are not entitled
for bail?
Step-3 Now handover Handout 3-D to the participants

and ask them to go through the same for 5
minutes.
Step-4 Now invite an interactive discussion between the

participants by asking a simple question what the
order should be? Ask every participant to take
part in the discussion and tell them to give
reasons.
Step-5 Try to stick the discussion on the ground of

minority and do not allow to deviate the
discussion because of the other grounds taken in
the bail application.
Step-6 Guide the discussion for 20 to 25 minutes during

which all aspects should be covered regarding
granting and refusing bail. For the sake of further
discussion, informed the participants that in the
case of Handout 3-D, the High Court has refused
the bail to the petitioner and in the same order
bail to co-accused Raziq Nisar was granted.
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10.14 Time Consumed
________ Minutes
10.15 Mock Trial/Court Moot (30 Minutes)
A model script of mock trial is available at the end of this manual.

It may be used to stage a court moot but it will better not to use
the same as blue print and some other script may be developed
for this activity. It is desirable that at the end of court moot, the
trainer or some other expert assist the participants in
understanding the true sprit of the activity and point out defects
usually done at the time of trial of juvenile offenders.

11
Day Three ― Second Session
11. Day Three Second Session
11.1 Activity Final Order (Sentencing and Probation)

Orders that cannot be passed against child offender.
Procedure of sentencing to juvenile offender (Final Order).
Procedure of probation order for child offender.
Writing judgment and orders in juvenile matters.
11.3 Allocated Time
2 Hour and 30 Minutes.
A. Orders that cannot be passed against child offender (20

Minutes).
B. Final Order (Sentencing or Probation). (30 Minutes)
C. Writing Judgement and Orders (50 Minutes)
D. Evaluation and end remarks. (20 Minutes)

Multimedia projector and laptop computer
duly connected with multimedia.
Alternately, O.H.P. and duly prepared
and plain transparency.
Paper, markers, clips, pair of scissors
and scotch tape.
Flip Chart.
Note Card (Plain cards of different
colours having size of postcard).
11.6 Handouts
 Handout 3-E
 Handout 3-F

trainer.
11.8 Allocated Time
2 Hours
11.9 Orders that cannot be passed against child offender (20

Minutes).
Step-1 Show PowerPoint No. 16 (PP-16) to the

participants and explain every point of it. Show
the contents of the slides through OHP slides or
Flip-chart, if multimedia facilities are not
available.
Step-2 Now start brainstorming by asking the following

Q. 1 Whether any sentence of conviction can be

passed against the juvenile offender?
Q. 2 What sentences can be passed against a
juvenile offender?
p
Q. 3 Whether an order for life imprisonment can be
passed against a juvenile?
Step-3 Through brainstorming, you may get an idea

about the fund of knowledge possessed by the
participants. Now you are ready to go for the next
exercise.
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11.10 Time Consumed
________ Minutes

11.11 Final Order (Sentencing or Probation). (30 Minutes)
Step-1 Now handover Handout 3-E to the participants

and to tell them to go through its content for five
minutes.
Step-2 Now initiate a discussion between the

participants by asking any of the following or
similar questions.
Q. 1 Whether the conviction order is correct?

Q. 2 What is wrong in the findings of the court?
Q. 3 Whether the quantum of detention is harsh if so
then what would be the correct quantum?
Q. 4 What maximum detention as punishment a court
can pass?

17) to the participants to make them aware of the
final order to be passed.
Step-4 During showing PowerPoint No. 17 (PP-17)

asked the participants to avoid the words convict,
sentence in their Final Order, in stead of those
words, the word detain should be used in the
Final Order.
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10.16 Time Consumed
________ Minutes
11.12 Writing Bail Order and Final Orders (50 Minutes)
Step-1 Show PowerPoint No. 18 (PP-18) to the

participants. In case multimedia facilities are not
available then used OHP slides or Flipchart to
show such information regarding writing a bail
order.
Step-2 Now handover Handout 3-F and asked the

participants to write a bail order.
Step-3 Now show PowerPoint Presentation 19 (PP-19)

to the participants. In case multimedia facilities
are not available then used OHP slides or
Flipchart to show such information regarding
writing a final order in juvenile case.
Step-4 Now show the participants PowerPoint No. 17

(PP-17) to the participants again.
Step-5 Now invite the attention of the participants

towards Handout 3-E again and ask them to re-
write the last portion of the final order according
to the principles explained under PP-17

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10.17 Time Consumed
________ Minutes
11.13 Evaluation and end remarks. (20 Minutes)
Step-1 Handover post-test form and ask the participant

to fill it out within 5 minutes.

p
Step-2 Handover the evaluation form to the participants
and ask them to go through the same and fill it
out. Allow them 5 minutes to fill in the evaluation
form.
Step-3 Recollect the filled evaluation form.
Step-4 Say thank you to participants in a very polite

manner and ask them any suggestion will be
welcomed.
11.14 Time Consumed
________ Minutes

12
Annex
12. Annexures
12.1. Handout 1-A (Workshop Overview)
No Sessions Purpose
1. Registration Names of participants will be
registered and they will be provided
their portfolios.
2. Welcome and setting Sets the tone of the workshop,
the stage provides an overview of workshop
objectives, and helps participants get
acquainted.
3. Defining social impact Defining the background of child
of topic. delinquency and the need for laws for
child delinquency.
3. Defining Juvenile Introduction of Juvenile Criminal
Criminal Laws Laws in general, the specific statues
and their components etc.
4. Defining the issues Providing Guidelines for identifying
faced in court issues related to trial of child
delinquency cases.
5. Future action plan Developing a plan of action for proper
handling of the cases of child
delinquency.
6. Measuring Results Evaluation
7. Closing
12.2. Handout 1-B (Workshop Schedule)
Day First Session Second Session

One Registration Define the background and
outline of Juvenile
Setting the stage Criminal Laws
 Welcome  Presentation55 in
 Expectation and Chronological order.
overview.  Presentation of
International Treaties
and Declaration (PP-8
and PP-9).
 Salient features of
different criminal laws
dealing with delinquent
children.
 Harmony and
contradictions with
international treaties.
Two Define the effect of Age of Procedure of remand to a
delinquent offenders on their delinquent Child.
trial.  Police remand.
 Under 7 years  Sending to remand
 Above 7 years home.
 Under 16 years  Case Study.
 Under 18 years Procedure of Trial by juvenile
Ascertaining the age of a court.
child accused.  Jurisdiction of juvenile
 When Ossification test is court.
necessary?  Arrest of juvenile.
 Proof of age based on  Case Study.
School Leaving Legal assistance of child
Certificate is safe or not. accused.
 What other modes can  When legal assistance
be used? will be provided.
 Case Study  Role of Sessions Judge
Separation of Juvenile Case in respect of legal
 Order of separation of assistance to juvenile.
case when and how to be  Case Study.
passed.
 Case study.
Three Laws and procedure relating Orders that cannot be
55
It will be better if presentation with the help of PowerPoint or flip chart.
p
to arrest and bail of child passed against juveniles.
offenders.  Case Study
 Definition of bailable Sentencing to juvenile
offences. offenders (Final Order).
 Definition of non-bailable  Theories of sentencing
offence. and application on
 Case Study. juvenile cases.
1. Statutory provision of Bail.  Role of Borstals,
 Case Study Reformatory School.
1. Circumstances when bail  Case Study
should and should not be Probation Order for
granted to juvenile juveniles.
offender.  Function of Probation
 Case Study Officer.
Mock Trial.  Probation order.
 Case Study
Writing Judgements and
Orders.
12.3. Handout 1-C (Case Study)
It happened in 1846. And it made legal history.

The tall, gaunt, hulking candidate, engaged in a tough U.S.
Congressional election drive told his campaign manager that he
would not be able to make his scheduled election speech the next
day. Cutting short the excited remonstrances and protests of the
aide, he declared” “I can‟t tell you why and I would rather not be
asked, but I can‟t make that speech here tomorrow.” So saying, he
turned to a letter he had received a little earlier. It was from a poor
family in a nearby town for whom he had worked 15 years ago. His
gaunt face appeared like a mountain cliff, rocky, impregnable, lonely
and grim, yet lovely with gentle things that bloom.
The next morning, his strongly built figure stepped through the
streets of the town before the earliest risers were up and about.
Traveling on foot, he reached a straggling town some twenty miles
from his starting point by nine O‟clock. Heading for the Court house
which was already in session, he sat down in the last row unnoticed.
The district attorney had just summoned a 15 year old boy who was
facing a charge of murder. The pale faced boy and his desperately
frightened parents knew nobody in the town and had no money to
pay for a lawyer. Their only hope was a possible answer to letter
they had written to some body who worked for them 15 years ago.
As the boy was put in the dock, the Congressional candidate
in the back seat rose, slouched forward and stood before the judge.
“May it please your honor; I am a lawyer, I should be glad to act as
counsel for defence”.
The case for the prosecution was short, simple and damning.
The prisoner had worked on a farm until recently where in Irishman
amused himself by worrying and teasing him and the boy came to
hate his guts. On the day of the offence, the prisoner was driving a
wagon when at the barnyard he met the Irishman and two others.
He asked one of the other two to open the gate but the Irishman
butted in. He abused the boy, called him lazy and, pushing him with
a pitchfork, ordered him to open the gate himself. As the pitchfork
dug into his chest muscles, the boy sprang forward, snatched it from
the Irishman and ran one of the prongs in his skull with all his
strength. The man died in an hour. That was the People‟s case
which was greatly strengthened by damning evidence extracted by
the district attorney from all his witnesses. All through, the defence
counsel seat quietly, studying the judge and the jury, as if
scrutinizing their character. He made no objections and scarcely
p
cross-examined the witnesses. At last, the prosecution closed its
case.
The defence took up its case in a most unusual manner.
Addressing the jury, the defence counsel said he would call no
witnesses, give no arguments; in short, he said, he won‟t follow the
conventional procedure. “All I‟m going to do is to tell you a story and
then leave the case in your hands” his rasping voice went on.
And he proceeded to tell the gentlemen of the jury, some of
whom appeared to remember every bit of it as he went on, the story
of the warm hospitality, hard working nature, courage and fortitude
of the prisoner‟s impoverished family for whom he worked some 15
years ago. He spoke of the great love and affection the parents had
for their children and of the miserable conditions which forced the
family to get their little children to work for their bread.
“Gentlemen of the jury, I was to deliver an important election
speech this morning at a nearby town on which could rest the result
of my Congressional election campaign. I lay my ambition, the
failure if it so turns out to be, gladly on the alter of this boy‟s safety.
It is for you to give him that safety. I said when I began that I should
try this case in a manner not customary. I said I had no arguments
to set before you. I have told the story; you know that at an age
when this boy‟s hands should have held school books or finishing
red, they held a man‟s tools which was his undoing; you know how
the child was hounded by a grown man till in desperation he used
that tool at hand. You know these things as well as I do. All I ask is
that you deal with the little fellow as you would have other one deal
with little fellows of your own at home. I trust his life to that test
Gentlemen of the jury, I rest my case.”
The defence Counsel was Abraham Lincoln.
This case probably relates the first ever attempt by a lawyer to
treat juvenile offenders and delinquency in their proper perspective.
It brings into sharp focus the need for treating juvenile offenders not
as so many criminals but as victims of circumstances, of their family
and social background, who could have been normal. Of course,
such a thing is most unlikely to happen today. It could have rarely
happened elsewhere even in 1846. Perhaps, only a Lincoln could
have carried it off. But the fact remains that he created a precedent
on the basis of which the first American juvenile law in the State of
Illinois was made full 53 years later and which, to this day, lies at the
root of all juvenile law the world over.56
56
Adopted from `Laws Relating to Children` by M. Ilyas Khan Advocate (Fourth Edition)
12.4. Handout 1-D (Salient Features of JJSO)
Age of child is 18 years see;57

The area of operation of law is whole country including tribal
areas;58
The definition of Guardian is extended and now a relative who
is willing to take responsibility of child is also included in the
definition of „guardian‟;59
Every youthful offender or victim of offence has a right to
engage a counsel on state expenses and such counsel should
have a standing of 5 years at bar;60
A juvenile court has exclusive jurisdiction thus no joint trial of a
youthful offender and adult accused is possible;61
It is obligatory to juvenile court to decide cases within 4
months;62
Juvenile court is empowered to conduct inquiry in case of
suspect of the age of a person as to he is juvenile or not;63
Without permission of the court, the court proceeding which
disclose the identity of juvenile including his picture shall not be
published in any newspaper;64
The court may call a confidential report regarding the
character, education and moral background of the juvenile
through probation officer and only the substance of that report
may be shared with child or his guardian;65
The police officer arresting a juvenile offender is bound to
intimate his guardian and probation officer (so that he may
collect any information needed to be communicated to juvenile
court);66
It is a supplementary law to the other laws (like Sindh Children
Act 1955) as it is not in derogation to other laws pertaining to
children.67
57
See section 2(b) of Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, 2000.
58
See section 1(2) ibid.
59
See section 2(d) ibid.
60
See section 3 ibid.
61
See sections 4(1) and 5 ibid.
62
See Section 4(6) ibid.
63
See Section 7 ibid.
64
See section 8 ibid.
65
See section 9 ibid.
66
See section 10(1) ibid.
67
See section 14 Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, 2000
12.5. Handout 1-E (Salient Features of Juvenile Justice Rules 2002)
Legal assistance should be provided to a child offender or

victim on government expenses. {Rule 3}
The Juvenile Court is empowered to change the counsel
appointed if he is not competent or not providing legal
assistance to child. {Rule 3 (1) }
The Session Judge has to constitute a panel of legal
practitioners for providing legal assistance and not more than
two cases should be assigned to one counsel. {Rule 3(2)}
The Session Judge is also authorized to determine the fee of
counsel providing legal aid to a child on state expenses which
should be within a range of Rs. 5000/- to 10,000/- {Rule 3(3)}
It is mandatory for government to establish and maintain at
least one borstal institution in every district of the province.
{Rule 4(1)}
For proper mental, moral and psychological development
necessary arrangement for education and training should be
made in every borstal institute. {Rules 4(2)}
Individual attention should be paid on moral treatment of
inmates through some religious institution and education up to
high school level and vocational/technical training under proper
supervision to be provided. {Rule 13}
Arrangements for technical training should be made at borstal
institutes and the inmates will be encouraged to pick up any of
such training. An inmate may learn various skills including
architecture. {Rule 14}
No person shall be allowed in a borstal institution (including
incharge and other officials) to keep cigarettes, gutka, supari,
pan or any chewable material and herbs causing
unconsciousness or detrimental to the health. {Rule 6(4)}
Female child offenders shall be detained in a separate
enclosure in the borstal institute. {Rule 7(1)}
If no facility of separate enclosure for female child offender is
available at borstal institute, the matter shall be reported to
Juvenile Court for transfer of such female child offender to any
care home. {Rule 7(2)}
Every inmate of borstal institute shall be examined by medical
officer of the institute and his/her medical record shall be kept
at the institute. {Rule 8(1), 9(1)}
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There shall be medical check up of all the inmates after every
three months. {Rule 9(2)}
The M.S or Civil Surgeon of District Headquarter Hospital shall
pay a visit to borstal institute at least once in a month for
supervising the health condition of inmates. {Rule 8(2)}
The inmates shall be provided physical drill, gymnastics, indoor
and outdoor games at the borstal institute. They will also be
provided instruction and training in respect of first aid and
sanitation. In every borstal institute, a specious play ground
shall be provided. {Rule 15}
12.6. Handout 1-F (Salient features of the Sindh Children Act)
a) Juvenile Court has exclusive jurisdiction over the cases triable

under this Act in an area where such a Court is established except
in case of offences exclusively triable by a Sessions Court.68
b) Joint trial of a juvenile with an adult has been eliminated.69
c) Earlier in the original text of the Act, the appearance of a legal
practitioner has been barred in proceedings, unless the Court feels
that it is necessary in public interest (section 14). However, by
virtue of Ordinance, XI of 1984, section 14 was repealed and, as
such, the legal practitioner can now appear and defend a juvenile
offender.
d) Provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1898 have been made
applicable to the trial of cases and conduct of proceedings under
this Act, unless expressly provided for otherwise.70
e) A Juvenile Court has discretion under this Act, to commit
uncontrollable children to certified school or to a fit person or to any
institution.71
f) Punitive provisions have been made in the Act to prevent
exploitation of children for ulterior ends or exposing them to
conditions.72
g) Special offences in respect of children have been made
cognizable.73
h) Provisions for bail have been made for youthful offenders and the
conditions attached thereto.74
i) Under the repealed Act of 1924,75 the Court was empowered to
commit an offender to prison. Under this Act, the Court shall have
to order the offender to be kept in safe custody in such place or
manner as it thinks fit and shall report the case for the order of the
provincial government.
j) The Act provides for repatriation of youthful offenders to their
provinces of origin on their own bonds.76
k) A sentence of canning has been eliminated as was provided in the
repealed Act of 1924.
l) A neglected and destitute child if produced before the Juvenile
Court and court is satisfied that he is really a destitute or neglected
child then in order to save him from going in the hands of criminals
etc, the court will direct to keep him in a borstal or reformatory
school or any other similar institutes. 77
68
See section 9 of Sindh Children Act, 1955.
69
70
71
72
73
Part VI ibid.
74
75
Bombay Children Act 1924.
76
See section 9 of Sindh Children Act, 1955.
77
Part V ibid
12.7.Handout 1-G (Case Study)

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12.8.Handout 1-H (Case Study)

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12.9. Handout 2-A (Case Study)
Age as per Hulia Form (Police Record): ____20 years________
Age as per B-Form of the parents: _________19 years________
Age as per Birth Certificate: ______________17 years________
Age as per School Leaving Certificate: _____16 years________
Age claimed by delinquent person: ________16 years________
Age by appearance seems to be:_________18/19 years______
Age as ascertain through Ossification Test: ____17/18 years___
Birth Certificate is issued after two years of the birth after imposing penalty of late reporting as provided in
the rules of Municipality.
12.10. Handout 2-B (Case Study)
Age as per B-Form of the parents: ___________N.A.________
Age as per Birth Certificate: ________________N.A.________
Age as per School Leaving Certificate: __________N.A._____
Age claimed by delinquent person/Guardian______16 years__
Age by appearance seems to be:_________19 years________

Age as per Hulia Form (Police Record): ____17/18 years________
Age as per B-Form of the parents: ___________N.A.___________
Age as per Birth Certificate: ________________N.A.___________
Age as per School Leaving Certificate: __________16 years_____
Age claimed by delinquent person/Guardian______16 years______
Age by appearance seems to be:_________19 years___________
Age as ascertain through Ossification Test: ____18/19 years_____

12.12. Handout 2-D (Case Study)
Age as per B-Form of the parents: _________19 years________
Age as per Birth Certificate: ______________17 years________
Age as per School Leaving Certificate: _____16 years________
Age claimed by delinquent person: ________16 years________
Age by appearance seems to be:_________18/19 years______
Arguments on behalf of accused:

1. The Hulia Form of police is not a reliable document.
2. The parents of accused are illiterate and they had mentioned
wrong name in Form-B under some misguidance.
3. The parents of accused are not literate, they cannot write or
read. The age mentioned in Form-B was put by someone else
and the same is not reliable.
4. the other documents support that the accused is minor.
5. Even ossification test supports that he is minor.
Arguments on behalf of the complainant/Prosecution:

1. Hulia form of police is reliable document.
2. There are sufficient case laws even of the apex court that the
opinion of police regarding age to be given weight.
3. The Form-B is a document of accused and it belies that the
accused is minor.
4. The rest of documents are managed one.
5. The complainant intends to challenge the medical report.
6. Although it is a case of 13-d but accused has murdered two
innocent persons.
Birth Certificate is issued after two years of the birth after imposing penalty of late
reporting as provided in the rules of Municipality.
12.13. Handout-2-E (Case Study)
Abdullah is a boy of 17 years. He, his brother and father were

charged with the attempt to murder of his neighbour. As per
prosecution story, the father of Abdullah was trying to
encroach a portion of adjoining street to which persons of his
neighbourhood objected. Instead of their objection, he
continued to raise wall and his plea was that the adjoining
land belong to him and it is not the part of the thoroughfare
running beside his house. On such act of his father, the
complainant and some other persons of neighbourhood came
to him and told him not to encroach upon the adjoining road.
But he turned to fury and started calling names to the
complainant and other persons. He then took a brick bat and
thrown it at the complainant but missed. Then Abdullah and
his brother also came at the scene and thy caused kicks and
fists blows on the soul of complainant. Abdullah took a spade
and caused a blow to the complainant on his head causing
bleeding injury to him. Then all the three accused ran away
from the scene of offence. The complainant immediately
rushed to police station and lodged report. On the same day,
police arrested Abdullah, his brother and father from the
house of one of their relatives. The very next day, police have
produced the accused persons with memo of arrest and Hullia
Form (showing Abdullah as minor) before the learned
magistrate and got police remand for three days. After
investigating the case, police has submitted a final report u/s
173 CrPC before the concerned magistrate u/s 324, 337 A (i),
337 A (ii), 337 F (ii) and 337 H (ii). The magistrate took
cognizance against all the accused jointly. As the case was
exclusively triable by the court of sessions, therefore he
committed the matter to session court. Session Judge
entrusted the case to an ASJ whose court has not been
notified as a juvenile court.
Case Law
Section 5(2) of Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2000
provides separate trial for a child and the prosecution has to
submit another Challan to the Juvenile Court along with
original documents for the purpose and then the trial of
accused in the said Court will commence, after conclusion
whereof the Challan of the other co-accused is to be
submitted to the Sessions Court for fresh trial of the co-
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accused. The prosecution witnesses will have to firstly appear
for recording their evidence in the Juvenile Court and
thereafter they will appear before the Sessions Court. They
will be subjected to cross-examination twice. Hence, an
inordinate delay is likely to be caused in conclusion of the trial
of a case in which an accused comes within the provisions of
Juvenile System Ordinance 2000. Due to delay in the trial of
such cases the co-accused will have the ground for bail
merely on the statutory ground. Furthermore there will be
likelihood of passing of conflicting judgements by the two
Courts and that too on the basis of same evidence. This
aspect of the matter will also go in favour of the accused. The
prosecution is likely to suffer a lot in such-like cases. Hence it
requires due care and caution before declaring a person as a
child and it is only the juvenile Court which can decide
whether a person is a child or not. Muhammad Akhter v/s
Muhammad Riaz (2001 YLR 276)
12.14. Handout 2-F (Case Study)
Abid and Zahid are two brothers. Their father was expired and they
were living with their mother. They also have two elder sisters. The
age of Zahid is 5/6 years and Abid is one year elder than him. They
are living in the suburb of the city and most of the residents in their
neighborhood are low paid laborers, artisan or clerks. Their mother
used to work from dawn to dusk as char-woman in the houses of
considerably wealthy people. Their two sisters used to stitch the
dresses of other women on payments. There remain no one to pay
proper attention to both of them. Their mother has got them admitted
in a municipality school but no apt attention was being paid on their
education and upbringing. The other boys of their age used to play
with locally made toys and spend some money on candies, chewing
gums and chocolates but the two brothers could not afford such
luxury. They first started pilfering money from the bags of their class
fellows and then from the house of neighborhood. One day, Zahid
took a purse from the house of one of his neighbor and brought the
same to his home. It contains few hundred rupees. The other brother
knew about the incident but their mother and sisters were totally
oblivion of this fact. The said neighbor has reported the incident to
police and police arrested the two brothers and recovered the case
property. The police have produced both of them before magistrate
requesting remand on account of that similar theft incidents have
also been reported from the same locality and both the brothers
might have been involved in the same. Although, a 14 day remand
was requested but the magistrate considering the age of the accused
has given only 4 days PC remand.
12.15. Handout 2-G (Case Study)
Adam is a teen aged boy residing in a very posh area of the town.
His parents live abroad where his father is running a very successful
business. Adam being a student of A-level of a very expensive
school at Karachi has to live at Karachi with his real uncle. Although
his uncle is a very successful professional who is very loving to his
nephew and takes care of him but his father has provided every
necessities of life at Karachi with a separate chauffer driven car. One
day, while he was returning from school, two gunmen aged about
30/35 years has stopped his car and forced him and his driver to get
down from car and also caused some injuries to the driver.
Thereafter they took away the car. The car was equipped with
satellite tracker. Adam has reported the incident to the tracking
company on his cellular phone and lodged report at the nearest
police station as complainant. Due to satellite tracker, the car was
located and Police have acted promptly and intercepted the car at
the outskirt of city. Both the culprits were apprehended. An
identification test was held before the area magistrate where Adam
and his driver have rightly picked both the accused amongst 20
dummies. A final report was submitted before the concerned
magistrate and matter was subsequently sent up to Sessions Court
which is also a juvenile court. As soon as the trial commenced, Adam
appeared before the court and filed an application requesting that an
experience lawyer on state expenses may be provided to him to
assist the District Attorney and to appear before the court on his
behalf in all the subsequent proceedings.
12.16. Handout 2-H (Case Study)
A Final Report was submitted before the area magistrate u/s 337-
A(i), 337-A(ii), 337-F(i) and337-F(ii) PPC jointly against 4 accused
persons amongst them one was a juvenile of 16 years. The said area
magistrate is also declared as Juvenile Court. The police have
mentioned the age of juvenile offender in Hulia form so also
recovered his identity card issued from a Government School
showing the same age. It is also mentioned in police papers that the
police have intimated the probation officer and the guardian of
juvenile offender just after his arrest. The juvenile offender was seen
by the magistrate several times under remand and by appearance,
he seems to be of the same age. The learned magistrate has
accepted the final report and after taking cognizance, the case was
assigned Criminal Case No. 22 of 2007. Then the court supplied
copies of police papers to the accused persons including the juvenile
offender. The juvenile offender has moved an application to provide
him an advocate as he has no means to engage a counsel but as the
case was not of capital punishment, therefore his application was
turned down by the court. However, finding the accused a juvenile
court has issued a notice to the learned P.I. whether the case of
juvenile offender is to be bifurcated from the adult accused. In
response to such notice, the learned P.I. appeared before the court
and submitted his no objection. Thus the case of the juvenile
offender was bifurcated from the other accused. But instead of totally
separating the case from the other accused, his case was made a
supplementary brief of the same case by assigning it a number 22-A
of 2007. The learned magistrate issued direction to office in the diary
sheet that both the cases should be annexed with each other and
fixed on the same date as per routine. Thereafter trial commenced
and one counsel engaged by co-accused has also filed power on
behalf of the juvenile offender. Meanwhile, two separate bail
applications were moved one for adult accused and the other in the
case of juvenile offender. The accused were granted bail but it was
conditioned in the bail order that surety of juvenile offender should be
either his guardian or a close relative. His father stood surety and he
was released on bail.
During trial all the witnesses were examined in open court and in
presence of other litigants and their counsel. As the witnesses in
both the cases are common, therefore they bothered to come into
witness box only once and the copy of their depositions is inserted in
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the file of juvenile offender also. In this way court succeeded in
saving time. Then the statements of accused persons were recorded
and on the same date final arguments were heard. Then on the
subsequent date of hearing the trial court announced its verdict and
found them guilty and sentenced them for 2 years R.I. and daman of
rupees 5000 to be payable to the injured. It is worth noting that the
judgments for adult accused and juvenile offender were almost
similar in nature save to the condition that the juvenile offender was
remanded to juvenile jail to undergo his sentence with directions that
after attaining 18 years of age he would be shifted to the central
prison (prison of adult persons). As soon as, the conviction was
pronounced, the learned counsel moved an application praying that
being a juvenile and first offender, the juvenile offender a probation
order may be passed in his favor but the court refused the same on
two grounds, first the juvenile offender is the main culprit, second
being a matter of Qissas and Diyat, no probation order can be
passed as the juvenile has also to pay damman of rupees 5000/-
also.
12.17. Handout 2-I (Case Study)
IN THE COURT OF ______________________
Criminal Appeal # 00/2007
Lal Bux …………………………………………………………Appellant
Versus
The State………………………………………...……………Respondent
Through instant appeal, the appellant above named questions

the final order of detention dated ___________ passed by the
learned Judicial Magistrate (Mr. ____________________). The said
order was pronounced against the appellant in a Criminal Case No.
000/2007 whereby he was directed to be detained in a borstal up to
his attaining the age of 18 years.
The facts causing to prefer the present appeal are that on 00-
00-2006, at about 2200 hours, the complainant/I.O ASI ___________
with his sub-ordinates set off for patrolling in police mobile. They
patrolled different areas of their beat. Then the complainant party
blockaded the way (placed Nakabandi) at main road. There the
complainant party saw a person coming from Western side who
seeing the complainant party tried to ran away. But police party
encircled and apprehended him. The police party enquired his name
and address, who disclosed his name and address as mentioned in
the title. Because of non-availability of private persons, P.C.
______________ and P.C. ________________ were nominated as
marginal witnesses of memo or arrest and recovery. On personal
search a pistol with five bullets were allegedly recovered from the
appellant. On demand, he could not produce license of the weapon
and disclosed that the same was un-licensed. Thus he was formally
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arrested and such memo was prepared on the spot. Later on, the
FIR was lodged against him at PS.
After usual investigation, final report was submitted against the

appellant before the trial court. The description form (Hulia Form)
submitted with final report showing that the appellant was of 16 years
of age. As the appellant was minor therefore the trial court took
cognizance against him as juvenile offender. After trial, the appellant
was found guilty of keeping an unlicensed weapon. The trial court
passed final order to detain the appellant in a borstal
institute/reformatory school and in case of non-availability of any
such institutions; it was directed to detain him in juvenile section of
prison till he attains the age of 18 years. The appellant challenged
the said order before this forum by preferring the instant appeal.
The learned counsel has submitted that the appellant belongs

to a poor but respectable family. He is a child under every definition
of law and a student. In the district, borstal institutes or reformatory
schools are not in existence. Now detaining the appellant in the
juvenile section of an ordinary jail will ruin his character and nature.
He also tried to challenge the ocular testimony of the case but could
not point out any material discrepancy. It was the reason that he
submitted that a probation order may be passed in favor of the
appellant as provided under the Pakistan Probation of Offenders
Ordinance, 1960. In this respect, he emphatically stated that the
appellant is a first offender and he is not previously convicted.
The learned D.D.A. supported the learned counsel for the

appellant regarding sending the appellant to the probation officer.
I have heard the arguments advanced by the learned Counsel

for the Appellant and learned D.D.A. for the state. I also perused the
record of the case and applied my mind to the fact of the case. The
sole point for determination before me is that:
“Whether the impugned order requires any

interference?”
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It is an admitted fact that the appellant was tried before the lower
forum as a juvenile offender. Under section 11 of Juvenile Justice
System Ordinance and section 72 of Sindh Children Act provide the
release of a juvenile offender on probation. The scheme of law favors
the release of such offender on probation for their rehabilitation and
reformation. At present the appellant is 17 years old. Besides, the
appellant being first offender, should be given a chance to mend his
ways and to become a useful citizen of the society. Presently, the
appellant is 16 years and few months old. It means he would have to
spend a period of nearly two years in jail. No doubt, it will be a
juvenile jail but the same may cause bet effect on his nature and
character. Thus detaining the appellant in juvenile jail would be less
helpful for his rehabilitation in the society. The most important aspect
of sentencing a misdemeanor child is to rehabilitate him and make
him a functional member of the society in future. I think, this aim can
easily and successfully be accomplished if instead of detaining the
appellant a probation order be passed. As such, the custody of the
appellant is given to the Probation Officer for a period of ONE year
and SIX months subject to furnishing bonds by the guardian of the
appellant with one surety of Rs. 50,000/- to commit no offence, to
keep peace and to maintain good behavior during the period of bond
and to appear and receive the sentence, if call upon to do so during
the said period and to appear before the juvenile court after every six
months with probation officer. In case, he violates the bond, not only
the appellant has to undergo the sentence of detention as per final
order of the juvenile court. The instant appeal is disposed off in the
above terms.
Pronounced in open court.

Given under my hand and seal of this court, this ______ day
of _________, 2007.
Sessions Judge, _________

12.18. Handout 2-J (Case Study)
Situation-1
Aslam is a boy of 16 years of age. He is a student of class 10 th. One
day he took a pistol belonging to one of his friend and went out. The
pistol was unlicensed. He was caught by the patrolling police party
and a case u/s 13(d) Arms Ordinance was registered. The magistrate
took cognizance against him as a juvenile offender and concluded
the trial within two months. The witnesses have supported the case
of prosecution and defence remained fail to shatter them in cross
examination. During the course of final arguments, the learned
counsel for the accused took plea that the accused is a science
student of 10th class. The exams of accused will be held within 4
months. Presently, he is on bail and in 9th class he got A-grade
marks. In such a situation, sending the accused to borstal or
reformatory school will not serve the purpose as being a student of
science he could not attend practical classes. He frankly admitted
that defence case is not so strong but being first offender, the
accused is entitled for a lenient view. He requested for passing a
probation order.
Situation-2
Saleem a juvenile offender is facing trial for an offence of 13(d)

before the juvenile court. On a day of hearing he appeared and
moved an application that he intends to plead guilty. In the same
application, he requested to pass a probation order in his favor as he
is first offender and has decided that he would not come close to any
criminal and would become a good citizen.
12.19. Handout No. 3-A (Definition of Bail)
Bail.
While defining Bail, Justice (Rtd) Fazal Karim in his book
„Access to Justice in Pakistan‟ has written.
‘The expression “bail” is an expression of art. It means that
when an accused person is admitted to bail he is released from the
custody of the officers of the court and is entrusted to the custody of
persons known as his sureties, who are bound to produce him to
answer, at a specified time and place, the charge against him and
who in default of so doing are liable to forfeit such sum as is
specified when bail is granted. (Crown v/s Khushi Muhammad) PLD
1953 FC 170, (Mehmood Ali Kasuri’s Case) PLD 1963 SC 478,
(Sadiq Ali v/s State) PLD 1966 SC 589 (p. 597). This legal
significance of the expression “bail” receives strength from the
provisions of sections 499 and 500 Cr.P.C. (Hakim Ali Zardari v/s
State) PLD 1998 SC 1 (p. 27).'
General idea of Bail as per ‘Black Law Dictionary’
Bail.
1. To procure release of one charged with an offence by inuring his
further attention n court and compelling him to remain within
jurisdiction of court.
2. To deliver the defendant (accused) to persons who, in the manner
prescribed by law, become security for his appearance in court.
3. To set as liberty a person arrested or imprisoned, on security being
taken for his appearance on a day and a place certain, which is
called “bail,” because the party arrested or imprisoned is delivered
into the hands of those who bind themselves for his forthcoming.
4. Monetary amount for condition of pretrial release from custody
normally set by a judge at the initial appearance. The purpose of bail
is to ensure the return of the accused at subsequent proceedings.
5. If the accused in unable to make bail, or otherwise unable to release
on his or her own recognizance, he or she is detained in custody.
12.20. Handout 3-B (Case Study)
The complainant has lodged report that he resides in a residential

complex nearby the police station. He had a motorcycle and used to
go to his duty on the same. A day earlier, he parked his building and
went inside to fetch some documents from his flat. The motorcycle
was locked and parked on its stand. He returned back within 15
minutes and saw that his motorcycle was missing. He tried to locate
the motorcycle but could not succeed. In the evening, one of his
neighbors has told him that he had seen his motorcycle driven by two
young boys namely Akbar and Asghar both sons of one Zubair. He
contacted Zubair, who disclosed that both of his sons has gone to
the house of their maternal uncle about two day ago and he refused
to acknowledge that his sons would have any hand in missing of his
motorcycle. After lodging the FIR, police started investigation. A raid
was conducted at the house of the maternal uncle of both the boys
from where they were taken into custody. Both of them admitted their
guilt before police and on their indication, the motorcycle was
recovered from the back of an abandoned building. The father of
both the boys told the police that they were minor aged about 12 and
13 years and requested to let them release. He also provided their
birth certificate and report cards of their school showing their date of
birth. But the police refused to do so and produced them before the
magistrate in improvised handcuffs of ordinary chains with locks, as
their hands cannot stay in the proper handcuffs. An application was
moved before the magistrate to release the boys after furnishing
surety but the same was declined. The same order is challenged
before the Sessions Judge from where it was transferred to an
Additional Sessions Judge, where it is pending now.
Provisions of Bail under Juvenile Justice System

Ordinance, 2000
1) Without prejudicing to the provision of the Code, a child

accused of a bailable offence shall, if already not release
under section 496 of the Code, be released by the juvenile
court on bail, with or without surety, unless it appears that
there are reasonable grounds for believing that the release of
the child shall bring him into association with any criminal or
expose the child to any danger, in which case, the child shall
be placed under the custody of a Probation Officer or a
suitable person or institution dealing with the welfare of the
children if parent or guardian of the child is not present, but
shall not under any circumstances be kept in a police station
or jail in such case. [Section 10(3) of Juvenile Justice
System Ordinance].
2) The Juvenile Court shall, in a case where a child is not
granted bail under sub-section (3), direct for tracing the
guardian of such child and where the guardian of the child is
traced out, the juvenile court may immediately release the
child on bail. [Section 10(4) of Juvenile Justice System
Ordinance].
3) Where a child under the age of fifteen years is arrested or
detained for an offence, which is punishable with
imprisonment of less than ten years, shall be release as if he
was accused of commission of a bailable offence. [Section
10(5) of Juvenile Justice System Ordinance].
4) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code and except
where a juvenile court has been occasioned by an act or
omission of the accused or any other person acting on his
behalf or in exercise of any right or privilege under any law for
the time being in force, a child who, for commission of an
offence, has been detained shall be released on bail:-
a) if, being accused of an offence punishable with death
has been detained for such an offence for a
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continuous period exceeding one year and whose trial
for such an offence has not concluded;
b) if, being accused of any offence punishable for
imprisonment for life has been detained for such an
offence for a continuous period exceeding six months
and whose trial for such offence has not concluded; or
c) Who, being accused of any offence not punishable
with death, or imprisonment for life, has been detained
for such an offence for a continuous period exceeding
four months and whose trial for such an offence has
not concluded.
Provided that where a child of the age of fifteen years or
above is arrested the Court may refuse to grant bail if there
are reasonable grounds to believe that such child is involved
in an offence which in its opinion is serious, heinous,
gruesome, brutal, sensational in character or shocking to
public morality or he is a previous convict of an offence
punishable with death or imprisonment for life.
Provisions of Bail under Sindh Children Ac, 1955

Where a boy or girl apparently under the age of sixteen years
is arrested on a charge of a non-bailable offence and cannot
be brought forthwith before a court, competent under this Act
to try the case, the officer incharge of the police station to
which such boy or girl is brought, may release the child on
bail, if sufficient security is forthcoming, but shall not do so
where the release of the child shall bring him into association
with any reputed criminal or expose him to moral danger or
where his release could defeat the ends of justice. (Section
64, Sindh Children Act, 1955)
Note
There was no specific provision for releasing a child on bail by
a Juvenile Court in Sindh Children Act, 1955, and the courts
used to grant bail u/s 497(1) CrPC.
12.22. Handout 3-D (Case Study)
Shamroz …………………………………………………………Petitioner
v/s
State ………………………………………………..………..Respondent
FACTS
The petitioner seeks post arrest bail in case FIR No. 15 dated 16-01-
2002 under section 302/34/109 PPC registered at PS Bara Kahu,
District Islamabad.
Briefly, the allegations against the Petitioners are that on the day of
occurrence, Liaquat Hussain, complainant along-with his brother
Muhammed Banaras and nephew Asad Hussain were passing
through the Jagiot village on their tractor, going from Moharrian to
Pind Begwal and saw taxi Suzuki No. RIR-6354 in which his brother
Adalat was coming to Pind Begwal. At 1.00 p.m., when taxi
approached the house of Dr. Munawar, it slowed down because of a
speed breaker. At that time, Gulbaz alias Shamas armed with .30
bore pistol, Ejaz armed with .30 bore pistol, Nasir Mehmood armed
with .30 bore pistol and Shamraiz armed with .30 bore pistol
emerged at the site. First of all Gulbaz accused fired at Adalat
Hussain who was sitting on the front seat of the taxi which hit him in
his chest. Thereafter, Gulbaz, Ejaz, Nasir and Shmraiz started direct
firing at Adalat deceased which hit him on his chest, abdomen, legs
and head. It was alleged by the complainant that Raziq Nisar
accused had been issuing threats to the complainant party and that it
was on account of the abetment and conspiracy of the said Raziq
Nisar, that all the accused committed the murder of Adalat
deceased.78
ARGUMENTS ON BEHALF OF PETITIONER

1. FIR is based upon an unnatural and concocted version
wherein the petitioner had been wrongly implicated.
2. As many as nine witnesses appeared before the police during
the investigation alongwith their affidavits in support of alibi of
78
Facts are taken from original Case Law that is (Shamroz v/s State) reported at 203 YLR 325 decided on 9 th
October, 2002
p
the petitioner, who were believed by police and his name was
placed in column no. 2 alongwith his other co-accused.
3. The Petitioner is a minor as per his school leaving
certificate and birth certificate and he is entitled to bail in
accordance with 1st proviso of section 491(1) CrPC.
4. In support of the right of bail for the petitioner being
minor section 2(b) of the Juvenile Justice System
Ordinance, 2000 was also referred.
ARGUMENTS ON BEHALF OF COMPLAINANT

1. The petitioner is specifically nominated in FIR and a definite
role of firing and hitting the deceased had been attributed.
2. It was day light incident and there was no ambiguity in
identification.
3. Affidavit produced before the police could not received as
evidence of alibi as mentioned in several reported cases of
apex court.
4. Regarding minority the law is very much clear and bail cannot
be granted on the minority as it is not an inflexible rule of law.
5. As per proviso of section 10(7)(a), where a child of the age of
15 or above is arrested the court may refuse to grant a bail if
there are reasonable ground to believe that such child is
involved in an offence which is serious, heinous, gruesome
brutal or shocking to public morality.
ARGUMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE STATE

1. The act in which the petitioner took part in the commission of
the offence shows that he is a hardened criminal.
2. He is nominated in FIR having committed the alleged overt
act.
3. The opinion of police is not binding on court.
4. His case does not fall under the first proviso of section 497(1)
CrPC.
5. Adopted the rest of the arguments of the counsel for
complainant.
12.23. Handout 3-E (Case Study)
FACTS OF THE CASE:-

Accused is a young boy. After inquiry it was proved from his school
leaving certificate, birth certificate and ossification test that at the
time of offence his age was 17 years and 9 months. The allegation
against him was apprehended armed with one DBLL. It is the same
pistol, which was used by him in a murderous assault with the elders
of his family. At the time of recovery of the weapon, two private
persons were available there. The prosecution led their evidence and
witnesses were cross examined by a senior counsel. At the end of
the trial the court came to conclusion that the accused is guilty of the
offence. The court has held that during evidence it has also come on
the record that fatal assault was caused by the accused with the
same weapon. Thus the court has given its final verdict as
“Thus this point has been proved beyond any
reasonable doubt. The accused is responsible for
keeping an illegal weapon, which was used in a
murder crime by the same accused. Although the
accused is said to be minor but his act is serious,
heinous, gruesome brutal or shocking to public
morality, therefore he does not deserve a lenient
view. I, therefore, find him guilty and convict him u/s
345 (i) in the offence u/s 13-D A.O. for 3 years R.I.
and fine of Rs. 1000/- and in case of default in
payment of fine, he has to undergo 1 month R.I.
more. However being a juvenile he has to pass the
period of his sentence in a juvenile jail till the age of
18 years and he has to undergo the remaining
period of his sentence in ordinary prison.”
12.24. Handout 3-F (Case Study)

ARGUMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE APPLICANT

1. Applicant is innocent and has been falsely implicated on the ground of enmity and
dispute already admitted in the FIR.
2. There is a delay in lodging the report which has not been plausibly explained.
3. This unexplained delay when viewed under the context of story narrated in the
FIR, it becomes evident that FIR is false.
4. The applicant was arrested 21-04-2007 and since then he is continuously in
custody.
5. As per section 2(b) of Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, he is a child.
6. Being a juvenile he is entitled for bail.
7. The injuries sustained to complainant may cause due to falling on hard surface like
floor, thus matter requires further inquiry.
8. He is neither a previous convict nor a hardened criminal and in the eyes of law he
is a child thus he deserve the concession of bail.
ARGUMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE STATE

1. He is well nominated in FIR with specific overt act.
2. The delay in FIR has been plausibly explained.
3. All the injuries were caused by the applicant.
4. The complainant remained in hospital for more then 14 days.
5. The trial court has yet not conducted inquiry, which is necessary to declare an
accused juvenile.
6. Thus neither in absence of such inquiry the accused can be declared as
juvenile nor any concession of bail is extended to him.
7. It has come on the record that the applicant does not bear good character as it
is mentioned in FIR.
8. The act of the applicant is serious, heinous, gruesome brutal or shocking to
public morality, thus he is not entitled for bail.
12.25. Pre-Test/Post-Test
Name _____________________________________________________
Phone________________________ Email: _______________________
Please tick ( ) before the appropriate answer.
1. Which of the following was the first Juvenile Criminal Legislation of

Pakistan?
Juvenile Justice System Ordinance. Sindh Children Act
Punjab Children Ordinance Sindh Juvenile Justice Rules
Bombay Children Act Punjab Children Act
2. As per the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, a person will be

considered as child if he is under the age of
7 years 12 years 21 years 16 years 18 years 15 years
3. As per the Sindh Children Act, a person will be considered as child if he

is under the age of
4. In Sindh, the age mentioned in the following legislation will be prevailed.

The Sindh Children Act. The Juvenile Justice System Ordinance.
5. The Juvenile Justice System Ordinance is a:

Provincial Legislation Secondary Legislation
Beneficial Legislation Sub-ordinate Legislation
6. It is obligatory to juvenile court to decide cases within

1 year 9 months 8 months 6 months 4 months 2 months
7. Prior to the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, there was no law for
child offenders in the following provinces.
Punjab Sindh NWFP Baluchistan
8. A non-bailable offence for which punishment is less then 10 years shall

be considered as bailable offence if the accused is under the age of:
9. A child offender, who is accused of an offence punishable with death

(and delay in trail was not caused by him) is entitled for bail if he
continuously in custody for a period of
10. A child offender, who is accused of an offence punishable for life

imprisonment (and delay in trail was not caused by him) is entitled for
bail if he continuously in custody for a period of
11. A child offender, who is accused of an offence not punishable with death
or life imprisonment (and delay in trail was not caused by him) is entitled
for bail if he continuously in custody for a period of
12. Select TRUE or FALSE in the following questions. Please tick ( ).
a) Only a juvenile court is empowered to conduct enquiry as to the age

of accused.
TRUE FALSE
b) Joint trial of an adult accused with a juvenile accused is not illegal.

TRUE FALSE
c) A magistrate can direct the police to furnish separate Final Report

(Challan) of a juvenile accused involved in a sessions case with adult
accused.
TRUE FALSE
d) An advocate having at least two years standing at bar can be

appointed to defend a child accused on state expenses.
TRUE FALSE
e) A child, who is a victim/complainant of a criminal case, is entitled for

legal assistance on state expenses.
TRUE FALSE
f) After expiry of statutory period, bail to a juvenile offender can never

be declined.
TRUE FALSE
g) A child accused cannot be released on probation during trial.

TRUE FALSE
h) No police remand to a juvenile offender can given.

TRUE FALSE
i) Being an open court, every person has a right to sit in court during
the trial of a juvenile offender.
TRUE FALSE
j) Police must report the probation officer within 24 hours of arrest of a

juvenile in a cognizable offence.
TRUE FALSE
k) In certain cases, court may refuse the release of a juvenile offender

on bail in a bailable offence.
TRUE FALSE
l) The court cannot award death sentence to a juvenile offender in final

order.
TRUE FALSE
p
m) The court cannot award life imprisonment to a juvenile offender in
final order.
TRUE FALSE
n) In extreme situation police remand can be granted to a juvenile under

the age of 7 years
TRUE FALSE
o) No order of jail custody can be passed for a juvenile offender.

TRUE FALSE
p) In case of passing a probation order, no bond is required to be

furnished by juvenile but his parents/guardian has to furnish such
bond.
TRUE FALSE
q) The Juvenile Court is not authorized to reduce the period of probation

after passing the probation order.
TRUE FALSE
r) Ossification test (medical evidence) is conclusive proof of age and its

result is binding on Juvenile Court.
TRUE FALSE
s) Proceeding of Juvenile Court disclosing the identity of juvenile

cannot be publicized in newspapers etc.
TRUE FALSE
t) Provisions of CrPC are not applicable in a proceeding before a

Juvenile Court
TRUE FALSE
12.26. Training Evaluation Form
Note: Personal information of the bellow box is Optional.
Name _____________________________________________________
Phone________________________ Email: _______________________
The training achieved its objective in a benefiting manner.
Strongly Agree No opinion Disagree Strongly

agreed Somewhat Somewhat disagree
The training met my expectations.

The training material/handouts used in the workshop were helpful and well
designed.

I found the facilities and location where this training was held (space and lay out of
the room , equipment, adequacy of parking, personal comfort) adequate

The facilitator/s was/were very knowledgeable on the topic.

I would recommend this training to our colleague

Any suggestion(Optional):
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13
PowerPoint
13. PowerPoint Presentation
13.1. PowerPoint No. 1 (PP-1)

Slide 1
Training Program at S.J.A.
Activity: Introduction of Participants.

Feb 2007
PERSONAL NOTES OF TRAINER:
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Slide 2
Introduction Activity
 Name:
 Home District:
 Place of Posting:
 Education:
 Experience as Lawyer/Judge:
 Any special expertise or achievement:
 Hobbies and Interests:
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Slide 1
Training Program at
S.J.A.
Goals and Objectives
Feb 2007
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Slide 2
Workshop Goals and

Objectives
The goals of this participatory

workshop are to develop a
comprehensive knowledge
about the rights, laws and
criminal trials relating to
juveniles.
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Slide 3
Workshop Goals and

Objectives
 Get knowledge about the international
treaties and declarations about the right of
child.
 Discuss the laws relating to juveniles.
 Explore common and distinguishing
features of the laws relating to juveniles.
 Define important issues relating to
juveniles facing criminal trials.
 Discuss ways and measures to improve
the quality of criminal trial pertaining to
juveniles.
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Slide 1

Background and Outlines of
Juvenile Criminal Laws
Feb 2007
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Slide 2
Background of Juvenile Laws

 Previously no separate Laws for Juveniles.
 Minor Accused were tried with Adult
Accused.
 There was no special provisions for arrest
and detention for delinquent Children
 First time in history, Islam has given idea
of Handling Children Differently
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Slide 3
The Holy Prophet (pbuh) says:

Three categories of persons are immune
from the operation of law.
1. A sleeping person until he is awake.
2. A minor until he/she is major.
3. A lunatic until he is sane.
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Slide 4
Crimes of minors in the Eyes

of Muslim Jurists
Hazrat Ali (RA) says
 If a minor is charged with attempt to
murder then his crime will be
considered as mistake because murder
by a minor or insane is a mistake.
Imam Abu Yousuf says
 A child cannot be sentenced if there is
doubt about his age. (Accepted by all)
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Slide 5
Some Important Juvenile

Legislation of the history.
 Reformatory School Act 1897 passed in
undivided India.
 Illusion Law of July, 1899 passed by the
sate of Illusion, USA.
 Children’s Act 1909 passed by
parliament in U.K.
 Bombay Children Act 1924
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Slide 6
Important Legislations in
Pakistan
 Bombay Children Act 1924 with amendments
continued till 1955 in Sindh. (Applicable to Sindh only)
 Sindh Children Act, 1955. (Applicable to Sindh only)
 Punjab Children Ordinance, 1983. (Applicable to Punjab
only)
 Punjab Youthful Offenders Ordinance, 1983.

(Applicable to Punjab only)
 Sindh Borstal Schools Act 1955. (Applicable to Sindh only)

 Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, 2000
(Applicable to whole of Pakistan)
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Slide 1
Some Questions

Feb 2007
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Slide 2
Story of Abraham Lincoln

Q. 1.
 Why Abraham Lincoln has not brought any
defence witness before the court and
avoided to argue the case on point of law?
Q. 2.
 What do you think about the verdict of jury
considering that there was no law for
juveniles in USA at that time?
Q. 3.
 What is the importance of this case in the
history?
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Slide 1
Salient Features of JJSO

March 2007
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Slide 2
Salient Features of Juvenile Justice

System Ordinance 2000
 Age of child is 18 years. {Section

2(b)}
 The law is for the whole

country. {Section 1(2)}
 and such counsel should have a
standing of 5 years at bar.
{Section 3}
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Slide 3

 Any relative willing to take

custody of minor will be treated
as Guardian. {Section 2(d)}
 Every juvenile either offender
or victim has a right to engage
a counsel on state expenses.
{Section. 3}
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Slide 4

A juvenile court has exclusive

jurisdiction thus no joint trial of
a minor and adult accused is
possible. {Sections 4(1) & 5}
 It is obligatory to juvenile court
to decide cases within 4
months. {Section 4(6)}
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Slide 5

 Juvenile court may conduct

inquiry in case of suspect of the
age of an accused. {Section 7}
 The part of court proceeding
disclosing the identity of minor
shall not be publicized except
with permission of court. {Section
8}
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Slide 6

 The court may call a confidential

report regarding the character,
education and moral background of
the juvenile through probation
officer. {Section 9}
 Only the substance of that report
may be shared with child or his
guardian. {Section 9};
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Slide 7

 The police officer arresting a juvenile

offender is bound to intimate his
guardian and probation officer.
{Section 10(1)}
 It is a supplementary law and not in

derogation to other laws pertaining
to children. {Section 14}
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Slide 1
Salient Features of
Sindh Juvenile Justice
Rules

March 2007
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Slide 2
Salient Features of Sindh Juvenile

Justice Rules 2002
 Legal assistance should be provided to a

child offender or victim on government
expenses. {Rule 3}
 The Juvenile Court is empowered to change
the counsel appointed if he is not competent
or not providing legal assistance to child.
{Rule 3 (1) }
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Slide 3

Justice Rules 2002
 The Session Judge has to constitute a panel of legal

practitioners for providing legal assistance and not
more than two cases should be assigned to one
counsel. {Rule 3(2)}
 The Session Judge is also authorized to determine
the fee of counsel providing legal aid to a child on
state expenses which should be within a range of
Rs. 5000/- to 10,000/- {Rule 3(3)}
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Slide 4

Justice Rules 2002
 At least one borstal institution should be

established in every district. {Rule 4(1)}
 Arrangement for education and training
should be made in every borstal institute.
{Rules 4(2)}
 Individual attention should be paid on moral
treatment of inmates. {Rule 13}
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Slide 5

Justice Rules 2002
 Arrangements for technical training should

be made at borstal institutes. {Rule 14}
 All the facilities of proper accommodation
should be made in the borstal institutions.
{Rule 5}
 Steps shall be taken to improve mental
calibre of inmates of institute. {Rule 16}
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Slide 6

Justice Rules 2002
 Female child offenders shall be detained in a

separate enclosure in the borstal institute.
{Rule 7(1)}
 If no facility of separate enclosure for female
child offender is available at borstal institute,
the matter shall be reported to Juvenile Court
for transfer of such female child offender to
any care home. {Rule 7(2)}
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Slide 7

Justice Rules 2002
 All the complaints and requests made by any

inmate shall be properly attended. {Rule 17}
 No inmates of the institutes shall be
stigmatized in any manner. {Rule 19}
 Proper diet as per prescribed menu shall be
provided to inmates on state expenses. {Rule
20}
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Slide 1
Training Program at
S.J.A.
Salient Features of Sindh
Children Act.
March 2007
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Slide 2

Children Act, 1955
 Juvenile Court has exclusive
jurisdiction over the cases triable
under this Act in an area where
such a Court is established
except in case of offences
exclusively triable by a Sessions
Court. {Section 9}
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Slide 3

Children Act, 1955
 Previously, advocates cannot
appear in proceedings but in 1984
section 14 was repealed and, then
the lawyers can appear and
defend a juvenile offender.
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Slide 4
Salient Features of Sindh Children

Act, 1955
 Provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code,
1898 have been made applicable to the trial of
cases and conduct of proceedings under this
Act, unless expressly provided for otherwise.
{Section 24}
 A Juvenile Court has discretion under this Act,
to commit uncontrollable children to certified
school or to a fit person or to any institution.
{Section 47}
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Slide 5

Children Act, 1955
 Special offences in respect of children
have been made cognizable. {Part VI of
the Act}
 Provisions for bail have been made for
youthful offenders and the conditions
attached thereto. {Section 64}
 Joint trial of a juvenile with an adult has
been eliminated. {Section 10}
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Slide 6
Salient Features of Sindh Children

Act, 1955
 Under the repealed Bombay Children Act
of 1924, the Court was empowered to
commit an offender to prison. Under this
Act, the Court shall have to order the
offender to be kept in safe custody in such
place or manner as it thinks fit and shall
report the case for the order of the
provincial government.
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Slide 7
 Punitive provisions have been made in the Act

to prevent exploitation of children for ulterior
ends or exposing them to conditions. {Section
59}
 The Act provides for repatriation of youthful
offenders to their provinces of origin on their
own bonds. {Section 9}
 A sentence of canning has been eliminated as
was provided in the repealed Act of 1924.
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Slide 1
Training Program at
S.J.A.
Salient Features of UN Convention
on the Rights of the Child

March 2007
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Slide 2
Age of Child
 For the purpose of the present

Convention a child means every
human being bellow the age of 18
years unless, under the law applicable
to child, majority is attained earlier.
(Article-1)
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Slide 3
Protection Against Violence

(Article 19)
 State Parties are bound to take steps

to protect the child from all kinds of
mental and physical violence.
 Protective and supportive measures
against maltreatment of child should
be taken with judicial involvement.
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Slide 4
Support to Disassociated
Children (Article 20)
 State should provide special
protection and assistance to those
children who are temporarily or
permanently deprived of his or her
family environment.
 Foster placement to such child like
Kafala of Islam be provided to such
children by the state.
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Slide 5
Protection against Narcotics

(Article 33)
 States shall take all necessary steps

to protect children from illicit use of
narcotic drugs and psychotropic
substances.
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Slide 6
Protection from Sexual

Abuse (Article 34)
 State parties shall take all necessary

steps to protect the child from sexual
exploitation and sexual abuse. For the
said purpose the state parties shall
take all appropriate national, bilateral
and multilateral measures.
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Slide 7
Special Treatment (Article 37)

State parties shall undertake
 No child shall be subjected to torture or
other cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment.
 No capital punishment or life imprisonment
should be awarded to the child.
 No child shall be deprived from his or her
liberty without due course of law.
 Arrest and detention shall be in conformity
with law and of last resort and for the
shortest period of time.
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Slide 8
Special Laws and

Institutions (Article 40)
State Parties shall seek to:-
 Promote and establish special laws,
procedure and authorities and
institutions for children alleged as
accused.
 Establish institutions applicable to
children having infringed the penal
laws.
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Slide 9
Minimum Age of Immunity

(Article 40)
State Parties shall

 Establish a minimum age bellow
which children shall be presumed not
to have the capacity to infringe the
penal laws.
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Slide 1

March 2007
Special Rights of Juvenile

Offenders under of UN
Convention
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Slide 2
Rights of Juvenile Offenders

(Article 40)
State parties recognizes

 The right of every child alleged as
accused to be treated with dignity.

 Treatment of such child in a manner
that he may be reintegrated and

assumed a constructive role in society.
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Slide 3

(Article 40)
Every child charge with an offence:-

 Should be presumed innocent until guilty
according to law.
 Should be informed promptly and directly of
the charges against him/her and if
appropriate through his/her guardian.
 Should have a right of legal and other
appropriate assistance.
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Slide 4

(Article 40)

 Have a right to determine the matter without
delay by a competent independent and
impartial authority or judicial body in a fair
hearing.
 Should not be compelled to give testimony or
to confess guilt, to examine or to have
examined adverse witnesses on his or her
behalf under condition of equality.
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Slide 5

(Article 40)

 Have a right to review his case by a
higher forum if considered to have
infringed the penal law of country.
 Have a right to have free assistance of
an interpreter if he cannot understand
or speak the language used.
 Have a right of privacy.
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Slide 1
Definition of Child
March 2007
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Slide 2
Section 2(b) Juvenile Justice

“Child” means a person who at

the time of commission of an
offence has not attain the age of
18 years
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Slide 3
Section 5 of Sindh Children Act, 1955
For the purpose of this Act, a person is deemed to

be a child, if at the time of the initiation of any
proceedings against him under this Act, or at the
time of his arrest in connection with which any
proceedings are initiated against him under this
Act, the person is under the age of sixteen years.
If under the course of the proceedings
under this Act, the person attains the age of
sixteen years, the proceedings shall be continued
and orders may be passed in respect of such
person under this Act as if such person was a
child notwithstanding anything to the contrary in
this Act.
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Slide 4
Which of the definitions of „Child‟ of

will be preferred by you?
Which of the definitions of „Child‟ of
will be preferred by you and why?
Section 2(b) of the Juvenile Justice
System Ordinance, 2000
OR
Section 5 of Sindh Children Act 1955.
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Slide 1
Training Program at
S.J.A.
Determination of Age
March 2007
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Slide 2
If a question arises as to whether a

person before it is a child for the purpose
of this ordinance, the juvenile court shall
record a finding after such inquiry which
shall include a medical report for
determination of the age of the child.
(Section 7 of Juvenile Justice System
Ordinance 2000)
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Slide 3
 Under the law sole question regarding age is to

be determine by juvenile court.
 Procedure for determining the age has not been
prescribed in the Ordinance.
 It means the same has been left to the
discretion of the juvenile court.
 Such order is an interlocutory order and not
final.
 U/S 13 of the Ordinance only final order is
appealable thus order of determining age is not
appealable.
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13.12. PowerPoint No.11-A (PP-11-A)
Slide 1
Activity: Writing Order to Ascertain Age.

March 2007
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Slide 2
Writing Order to Ascertain Age.
 There are teeming numbers of for and

against case laws deciding the age relying
on different documents or methods.
 Thus there is no hard and fast rule to
decide age on the basis of a specific
method or document.
 Function of ascertaining age is the sole
discretion of juvenile court.
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Slide 3
 The The gist of the arguments of either

side should be incorporated in the order.
 The words showing unclearness or
impreciseness of the mind of presiding
officer should not be used.
 Avoid to use words ‘suppose, guess or
imagine’ in the concluding or decisive
paragraph of the order.
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Slide 4
 Do not use phrases ‘I think, I suppose, I

consider’ in the concluding paragraph.
 Be definite and firm at the time of
deciding the factor of age.
 Be precise in writing and avoid repetition.
 Use polite and simple language of plain
English.
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Slide 1
Training Program at
S.J.A.
Separate Trial for Juveniles
March 2007
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Slide 2
Sec. 5 of Juvenile Justice

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section
239 of the Code, or any other law for the time
being in force, no child shall be charged with or
tried for an offence together with an adult.
(2) If a child is charged with commission of an
offence for which under section 239 of the
Code, or any other law for the time being in
force such child could be tried together with an
adult, the Court taking cognizance of the
offence shall direct separate trial of the child
by the juvenile court.
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Slide 3
Sec. 10 of Sindh Children

Act 1955
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section
239 of the Code, or any other law for the time
being in force, no child shall be charged with or
tried for an offence together with an adult.
(2) If a child is accused of an offence for which
under section 239 of the Code, or any other law
for the time being in force such child, but for
the provision of subsection (1) could have been
tried together with an adult, the Court taking
cognizance of the offence shall direct separate
trial of the child and the adult.
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Slide 1
Training
Program at
S.J.A.
Trial by Juvenile Court
March 2007
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Slide 2
Application of Cr.P.C.
A Juvenile Court shall, Except as expressly
unless provided provided under this
otherwise in the Act or the rules made
Ordinance, follow the thereunder, the
procedure provided in procedure to be
the Code followed in the trial of
(Section 6(1) of Juvenile cases and the conduct
Justice System Ordinance) of proceedings under
this Act shall be in
accordance with the
provisions of the code.
(Section 15 of Sindh
Children Act)
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Slide 3
No Joint Trial
(1) Notwithstanding anything (1) Notwithstanding anything
contained in section 239 of the contained in section 239 of the
Code, or any other law for the Code, or any other law for the time
time being in force, no child shall being in force, no child shall be
be charged with or tried for an charged with or tried for an offence
offence together with an adult. together with an adult.
(1) If a child is charged with (1) If a child is accused of an offence

commission of an offence for for which under section 239 of the
which under section 239 of the Code, or any other law for the time
Code, or any other law for the being enforce such child, but for the
time being enforce such child provision of subsection (1) could
could be tried together with an have been tried together with an
adult, the Court taking adult, the Court taking cognizance
cognizance of the offence shall of the offence shall direct separate
direct separate trial of the child trial of the child and the adult.
by the juvenile court.
(Sec. 10 of Sindh Children Act 1955)
(Sec. 5 of Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2000)
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Slide 4
Mode of Recording Evidence

in Juvenile Court
A juvenile court shall not
ordinarily take up any other
case on a day when the case
of a child accused is fixed for
evidence on such day.
Section 6(2) of Juvenile Justice System Ordinance
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Slide 5
Unconcerned persons not to

attend proceeding
No person shall be present Save as provided in this Act
at any sitting of a juvenile no person shall be present at
court except:- any sitting of a juvenile Court
except:-
a) Members and officers of
juvenile court. a) The members and officers of
the Courts,
b) Parties to the case before b) The parties to the case before
the juvenile court and such the Court and other persons
other persons who are directly concerned in the case
directly concerned with the including the police officers,
proceedings including the and
police officers.
c) Such other persons as the
c) Such other persons as Court specially authorizes to
juvenile court directs to be be present.
present; and
d) Guardian of the child (Section 15 of Sindh Children
Act)
(Section 6(3) of Juvenile
Justice System Ordinance)
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Slide 6
Attendance of parents/guardian during

trial under Sindh Children Act 1955
1) Whereas a child brought before a Court under this Act has a
parent or guardian, such parent or guardian may in any case,
and if he can be found, and if he resides within a reasonable
distance, be required to attend the Court before which any
proceeding is held under this Act unless the court is satisfied
that it will be unreasonable to require his attendance.
2) The parent or guardian whose attendance shall be required
under this section shall be the parent or guardian having the
actual charge or control over, the child.
Provided that if such parent or guardian is not the father, the
attendance of the father may also be required.
3) The attendance of the parent of a child shall not be required
under this section in any case where the child was, before this
institution of the proceedings, removed from the custody or
charge of his parent by an order of a Court.
4) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to require the attendance
of the mother or the female guardian of a child if such mother or
female guardian does not according to the customs and manner
of the country, appear in public. But any such mother or female
guardian may appear before the Court
(Section 19 of Sindh Children Act)
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Slide 7
Dispensing with the

attendance of Child
Where at any stage If at any stage during
during the course of the the course of the trial of
trial of a case, the a case or proceeding, a
juvenile court is Court is satisfied that
satisfied that the the attendance of a
attendance of the child child is not essential for
is not essential for the the purpose of the
purpose of the trial; the hearing of the case or
juvenile court may proceeding, the Court
dispense with the may dispense with his
attendance and proceed attendance and proceed
with the trial of the case with the trial of the case
in absence of the child. in absence of the child.
(Section 6(5) of Juvenile (Section 15 of Sindh Children
Justice System Ordinance) Act)
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Slide 8
Withdrawal of Persons from

the Juvenile Court
At any stage during the If at any stage during the
course of the trial of a case course of a trial of a case or
under Ordinance, the juvenile proceeding in relation to an
court may in the interest of offence against, or any conduct
such child decency or contrary to decency or morality,
morality, direct any person to a child is summoned as a
withdraw from court for such witness, any court trying the
case or holding the proceeding
period as the court may may direct such persons as it
direct. thinks fit, not being parties to
(Section 6(4) of Juvenile Justice the case or proceeding may
System Ordinance) direct such persons as it thinks
fit, not being parties to the case
or proceeding their legal
advisors and the officers
concerned with the case or
proceeding to withdraw, such
persons shall then withdraw. If
any person refuses to withdraw,
the Court may take steps to
remove him.
(Section 15 of Sindh Children
Act)
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Slide 9
Prohibition to publish
proceedings of cases
Unless the juvenile court No report in any newspapers,
specifically authorizes, the magazine or news sheet of any
case or proceeding in any Court
court proceedings shall not under this Act in which a child is
be published in any involved shall disclose the name,
newspaper, magazine or address or school or include any
particulars calculated to lead
journal in any form which directly or indirectly to the
may disclose the name identification of any such child,
address, school or any nor shall any picture be published
as being or including a picture of
identification or any such child.
particulars calculated to
Provided that for reasons to be
lead directly or indirectly recorded in writing, the Court
to the identification of trying the case or holding the
such child nor shall any proceeding may permit the
picture of the child be disclosure of any such report , if in
its opinion such disclosure is in the
published. interest of child welfare and is no
(Section 8 of Juvenile Justice likely to affect adversely the
System Ordinance) interests of the child concerned.
(Section 23 of Sindh Children
Act)
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Slide 10
Legal Assistance
1) Every child who is accused of the
commission of an offence or is a victim
of an offence shall have the right of legal
assistance at expenses of the State.
2) A legal practitioner appointed by the
State for providing legal assistant to a
child accused of the commission of an
offence or victim of an offence, shall
have at least five years standing at the
Bar. (Section 3 of Juvenile Justice System Ordinance)
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Slide 11
Legal Assistance
1) Where it appears to a juvenile court that legal
practitioner appointed under section 3 is not
competent or is not providing legal assistance
properly, the court may direct to engage
another legal practitioner in his place.
2) A panel of legal practitioners shall be
constituted by the Sessions Judge for providing
legal assistance to the child more than two
cases at a time.
3) The legal practitioner shall be entitled to receive
such fee as may be determined by the Sessions
Judge but such fee shall not be less than five
thousand rupees and more than ten thousand
rupees. (Rule 3 of Sindh Juvenile Justice Rules)
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Slide 12
Speedy Trial
On taking
cognizance of an
offence, the
juvenile court
shall decide the
case within four
months.
(Section 3 of Juvenile Justice
System Ordinance)
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Slide 1
Training Program at
S.J.A.
Arrest and Detention of
Juveniles
March 2007
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Slide 2
Arrest & Detention of Juveniles

Where a child is arrested for commission of an offence,
the officer incharge of the police station in which the
child is detained shall, as soon as may be, inform:-
inform:-
(a) The guardian of the child, if he can be found, of such
arrest and inform him of the time, date and name of
the juvenile court before which the child shall be
produced; and
(b) The concerned Probation Officer to enable him to
obtain such information about the child and other
material circumstances which may be of assistance to
the juvenile court for making inquiry.
[Section 10(1) of Juvenile Justice System Ordinance]
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Slide 3

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary
contained in any law for the time being in force
no child shall be:
a)…………
a)…………..
b) Handcuffed, put in fetters or given any corporal
punishment at any time while in custody.
Provided that where there is reasonable
apprehension of the escape of the child from
custody, he may be handcuffed.
[Section 12 of Juvenile Justice System Ordinance]
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Slide 4

Any police officer, not bellow the rank of
Assistant Sub-
Sub-Inspector, or a police officer
or a person authorized on this behalf in
accordance with rule made by the
provincial government may take to a place
of safety any child in respect of whom
there is reason to believe an offence has
been, or likely to be committed.
[Section 78(1) Sindh Children Act]
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Slide 5

A child so taken to a place of safety may
be detained until he can be brought
before the court.
Provided that such detention shall not in
the absence of a special order of the Court
exceed a period of twenty-
twenty-four hours
exclusive of the time necessary for the
journey from the place of detention to the
Court.
[Section 78(2) Sindh Children Act]
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Slide 1

Bailable Offences under
Juvenile Laws

March 2007
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Slide 2
Bailable Offence under Juvenile Laws

 All those offences which are shown bailable in
First Schedule of Code of Criminal Procedure.
 The offences cover under Section 10(5) of
Juvenile Justice System Ordinance.
 Under Section 10(3) of Juvenile Justice System
Ordinance, a child offender facing trial in a
bailable offence, is to be released with or without
surety.
 However, a child involved in bailable offence may
not be released if such release is harmful for him
but he should not be kept at P.S. during such
period.
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Slide 3
Section 10(5) of Juvenile Justice System

Ordinance
Where a child under the age of

fifteen years is arrested or detained
for an offence, which is punishable
with imprisonment of less than 10
years shall be treated as if he is
accused commission of a bailable
offence.
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Slide 4
Section 64 of Sindh Children Act

Where a boy or girl apparently under the age of
16 years is arrested on a charge of a non-bailable
offence and can not be brought forthwith, before
a court, competent under this Act to try the case,
the officer incharge of the police station to which
such boy or girl is brought, may release the child
on bail if sufficient security is forthcoming. But
shall not do where the release of the child shall
bring him into association with any reputed
criminal or expose him to moral danger or where
his release would defeat the ends of Justice.
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Slide 5
Important Points
 Section 64 has given ample powers to
police officer but no such power is vested
with juvenile court.
 In absence of any specific provision, the
courts used to release Juvenile Offenders
under sub-section (1) of Section 497
CrPC.
 There is no provision in Juvenile Justice
System Ordinance, similar to Section 64 of
Sindh Children Act.
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Slide 1

March 2007
Orders not to pass

against Juveniles
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Slide 2
Orders not to pass against Juveniles

(See section 12 of JJSO)
 Capital punishment cannot be awarded to a
child (However a child may be detained for
life).
 No direction for labor be issued during
detention.
 No direction for handcuffing or putting fetters to
the child offender.
 No corporal punishment to child during
detention.
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Slide 3
Exceptional Circumstances for

Putting Handcuffs to a child
If there is reasonable apprehension

of the escape of child from
custody, he may be handcuffed.
(See Proviso to sub-sec (2) of section 12
of JJSO)
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Slide 1
Training Program at
S.J.A.
Laws Relating to Final Order in
Juvenile Cases
March 2007
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Slide 2
The Aim of the Final Order in

Juvenile Mattes
 The last Reformative Theory plays part in all

Juvenile Trial.
 Aim is not punishment but reformation and
Rehabilitation.
 Thus by practicing Juvenile Criminal Laws, we
try to make an offender a useful citizen.
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Slide 3
Order may be passed on Conclusion

of Inquiry or Trial
 Releasing of child offender on Probation for
good conduct and place under the care of
guardian or any suitable person.
 Directing to send the child offender a borstal
institution until he attains 18 years or for the
period of imprisonment (which is earlier)
 Reduce the period of imprisonment or
probation if court thinks to do so.
(See section 11 of JJSO)
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Slide 4
Procedure of Probation Order

 It is passed when the prosecution case is proved.
 There are chances of his maintaining good
conduct.
 He/She may be given under supervision of
his/her guardian or any suitable person.
 The said guardian/suitable person has to execute
a bond with or without surety.
 The child should be produced before Juvenile
Court periodically. [See Section 11(b) JJSO]
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Slide 5
Procedure of Sending Borstal

Institute
 This order is passed alternative to Probation
Order.
 The direction will be to send the child offender
to a borstal institute.
 He should be sent to Borstal for a period
attaining the age of 18 years.
 If the period of imprisonment is lesser than his
attaining the age of 18 years then he will be sent
for that period only.
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Slide 6
Reduction of Period of
Imprisonment or Probation
 The Juvenile Court is authorized to reduce

the period of imprisonment or probation.
 Such reduction is subject to satisfaction of
the Juvenile Court that further
imprisonment or probation shall not be
necessary.
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Slide 7
Transfer of Incorrigible
 An incorrigible inmate of Borstal institute may
be transferred to prison. (See section 12 of Sindh
Borstal Schools Act 1955).
 An inmate who has attained the age of 21
years may also be transferred to prison. (See
section 12 of Sindh Borstal Schools Act 1955).
 Such transfer can only be done with the
permission of Juvenile Court. (Rule 11 of Juvenile
Justice Rules 2002)
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Slide 8
Term of Detention in Case of

Transfer
Term of detention in case of transfer to prison
will be determined by Provincial Government
but in any case it can not be exceed to the
shorter of the following two:
a) The unexpired residue of the term of detention.
b) The maximum period of imprisonment provided
by law for offence of which the offender was
found guilty. (See section 12 of Sindh Borstal Schools
Act 1955).
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14
Script of Mock Trial
14. Script of Mock Trial
THE BACKGROUND:
In this play, it is described that the courts usually remain oblivion
about the correct procedure of trial in juvenile cases. The presiding
officer and the other staff of the court do not try to take certain
measures which are essential for trial of a juvenile offender. In this
court moot, it has been emphasized that the juvenile offender should
not be treated like an adult accused. His trial should not bee done in
presence of unconcerned persons. It is further described that after
trial the first preference should be passing a probation order instead
of detention order.
SCENE 1
Scene of a court room. The reader is adjusting the case files
and also whispering with a litigant. The usher comes out of the
chamber of judge and announces.
Usher: All rise.
All the persons sitting in the court room rise. The judge enters
in to the court room and sits in his seat.
Judge: How many cases are fixed today?
Reader: Sir, today‟s board is considerably larger. I

have fixed 10 cases today. Amongst them
2 cases are of juvenile accused.
Judge: How many cases of juveniles are pending

before me?
Reader: Sir 30 cases.
Judge: Why didn‟t you fix only juvenile cases

today? I have told you to fix juvenile
cases on some particular date?
Reader: Sir, it is not necessary under the law, and

there are some other problems too in
fixing juvenile cases on a particular day.
Judge: What problems?

p
Reader: Sir, the advocates demand different dates
of hearing, and there are certain cases in
which adult accused are also involved
with juvenile accused.
Judge: But I have already passed order to

separate such cases.
Reader: Sir, it is correct but those cases have

been bifurcated by name only. As the
witnesses are the same in both the cases
therefore they are fixed on the same date.
Judge: Yes, yes, you are right. I have ordered to

annex such juvenile case with the case of
adult accused and fix them on the same
date.
Reader: Yes sir, you have also directed to

examine the witnesses only once and put
the copy of such deposition in the file of
juvenile accused.
Judge: Yes, you are right in this way time of re-

examining the same witness will be
saved.
Reader: Right your honor.
Judge: Now, start the first case.
Reader: Sir the first case is of a juvenile offender.
Judge: Right, call it.
Reader: (Calls out in a loud voice) Criminal

Case No. 07/2007, State versus Allah
Bux.
Judge: Who is appearing for the accused?
Counsel for Accused: Your honor, I am appearing for the

accused.
Judge: OK, now what is the case?
Public Prosecutor: Sir, accused is a minor. He is involved in

a case of 13(d) Arms Ordinance for
keeping an unlicensed pistol. The
complainant, who is a police officer and
p
one marginal witness of memo or arrest
and recovery, has been examined. Now
the second marginal witness is to be
examined.
Judge: Whether the witness is available in the

court.
Public Prosecutor: Yes sir, he is present in the court sir.
Judge: Whether the witness is ready.
Public Prosecutor: Yes sir, he is ready.
Judge: Ok, proceed.
Usher: (Calls out) HC Muneer Baloch.
HC Muneer Baloch comes in and salutes the Judge and then

enters in to witness box. Usher administers the oath to witness.
The steno enquires about the name, address etc. of the witness.
Public Prosecutor: Yes, Mr. Muneer will you tell the court
what do you know about this case.
Counsel for accused: Sir, the court room is crowded with those
persons who have no concern with this
case. I request your honor that all the
unconcern persons should be directed to
leave the court room.
Judge: But it is an open court. No such direction

can be issued in open court proceeding.
Counsel for accused: I humbly disagree with your gracious

honor. Sub-section 3 of section 6 of the
Juvenile Justice System and Section 15
of the Sindh Children Act.
Public Prosecutor: Yes sir, my learned friend is right.
Judge: Ok.
Judge: All those who have no concern with this

case are directed to leave the court room.
Some people leave the court room
Judge: Ok, now proceed with the case.

Public Prosecutor: Yes, Mr. Muneer will you tell the court
what do you know about this case.
Witness: On 06-06-2006, I was directed by the

SHO to accompany with him with other
staff to go out for patrolling in police
mobile. When we came out of the PS, we
saw the accused in suspected position
standing at the bus stop. The SHO
stopped the mobile nearby him and asked
me to caught hold of him and took body
search. I did so and found one TT pistol in
the fold of his shalwar.
Public Prosecutor: What happened then?
Witness: The SHO asked one person standing at

Bus stop to act as Masheer and he
agreed. The SHO also tried to locate
another Masheer but could not find. He
then nominated me as second Masheer
and took our statement. The recovered
pistol was sealed on the spot. The
accused and case property were brought
back to police station where FIR was
lodged by the SHO.
Public Prosecutor: Look at the accused and case property

present in the court. Are they same?
Witness: (After looking at pistol laying on the

desk and accused sitting in dock) Yes
sir the accused and pistol both are the
same.
Judge: (Looking at the defence counsel), Yes

Mr. Akber now your witness. You may
cross.
Counsel for accused stands and comes close to the witness

box
Counsel for accused: Yes Mr. Muneer, when did you leave the
police station?
Witness: At about 0915 hour sir.
Counsel for accused: At what time you reached at bus stop.

p
Witness: Within 15 minutes.
Counsel for accused: How many people were standing there?
Witness: Only one person sir and he is the first

Masheer of this case.
Counsel for accused: Whether you tried to arrange any other

private witness?
Witness: Sir I told you that there was only one

person.
Counsel for accused: (In a formidable voice). Do not try to be

sharp and witty? Just reply what I am
asking?
Judge: Mr. Advocate, do not shout at the witness.
Counsel for accused: Sorry your honor.
Counsel for accused: Yes, Mr. Muneer, at what place you

received spy information.
Witness: I have not received any spy information.
Counsel for accused: But your SHO has told that he had
received spy information.
Witness: I don‟t know whether he had received any

spy information.
Counsel for accused: Who caught hold of the accused?
Witness: I caught hold of accused.
Counsel for accused: Who took the body search?
Witness: I myself sir.
Counsel for accused: How you alone could catch the accused?
Witness: The accused is a minor boy sir therefore I

easily apprehended him.
Counsel for accused: I say that you are deposing against the
accused on account of your personal
enmity.
Witness: It is incorrect sir.

Counsel for accused: I say that you are telling lie in the court as
per directions of your superior.
Witness: It is incorrect.
Counsel for accused: (to judge) No more question sir.
Public Prosecutor: (handing over a paper to reader). Sir I

close the side of prosecution.
Judge: (Signs on the statement of prosecutor

and then announces). Ok matter is
adjourned to tomorrow for recording of
statement of accused and final
arguments.
SCENE 2
Usher: All rise
Judge comes in and takes his seat.
Judge: (to Reader) yes what case is going to

proceed?
Reader: (Calls out in a loud voice) Criminal

Case No. 07/2007, State versus Allah
Bux.
Reader: Sir, the statement of accused has been

recorded and now the matter is fixed for
final arguments.
Judge: (Turns over a few pages of case file

and then looks at the public
prosecutor) Ok, you may argue the case
for prosecution.
Public Prosecutor: Sir, it is a case of keeping an unlicensed

pistol by the accused. All the prosecution
witnesses have supported the case of
prosecution. There are only minor
contradictions which caused no effect on
the case of prosecution. Sir, as the
prosecution has brought the guilt of
accused at home. The case is fit for
conviction sir.
p
Counsel for accused: Your honor, what my learned friend has
just argued is nothing but a bunch of lies.
Sir, the accused is a minor and this
aspect has not been considered by my
friend. He is a child and it is hard to
believe that a child will keep a pistol with
him. The recovery is doubtful. Even the
availability of private witness on the scene
of offence is doubtful. The recovered
pistol has not been sent to ballistic expert.
The accused being a child deserve a
lenient view your honor. Sending him to a
juvenile jail will spoil his character and
career. Being first offender, he deserves
the favor of law sir.
Judge: I have considered the contention of both

the counsel. It has been proved that the
accused was found in possession of an
unlicensed pistol. The prosecution has
proved its case beyond reasonable doubt.
However, the accused is a minor. He is a
first offender. Passing a final order for
detention of such accused in a Borstal or
Reformatory School is not possible as in
this district no such institution has been
established so far. Sending the offender
to juvenile section of the district jail will
cause adverse effect on the morality and
character of the accused. The scheme of
judicial therapy to delinquent juveniles is
entirely different. For treating juvenile, the
criminal justice is to be transformed into
humanitarian justice. The scheme of
correction and reformation are more likely
and better workable for juvenile offenders.
A child is a national asset and he should
not be allowed to spoil. I therefore
consider that instead of passing any order
of detention, the probation order is more
appropriate in the instant case. As such,
the custody of the offender be given to
the Probation Officer for a period of ONE
year subject to furnishing a bond by the
offender and his guardian with one surety
of Rs. 50000/- to commit no offence, to
keep peace and to be a good behavior
during the period of bond and to appear
and receive the sentence of detention if
call upon to do so during the said period.
p
In case, the offender violates the bond,
not only the offender has to undergo the
sentence of detention of the same period
but his guardian has to deposit the
amount of bond in the court.
Public Prosecutor: I am grateful your honor.

Counsel for accused: Bows.
THE END

Juvenile Justice Laws Training Manual (Final)

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Training Manual

Juvenile Justice Laws

Fahim Ahmed Siddiqui

February – March 2007

Juvenile Justice Laws

Judicial Magistrates, Assistant Sessions

Please tick the appropriate column

Induction Training Skill Training

 Brainstorming  Group Discussion

SJA Sindh Judicial Academy

ASJ Assistant Sessions Judge

CJ & JM Civil Judge and Judicial Magistrate

OHP Overhead Projector

JJSO Juvenile Justice System Ordinance

JJR Juvenile Justice Rules

PLD Pakistan Legal Decision

SBLR Sindh Baluchistan Law Reports

SCMR Supreme Court Monthly Review

FIR First Information Report

CrPC Criminal Procedure Code

Sindh Judicial Academy is a statutory body established under an Act

1.1 Users and Use of Manual

1.2 Training Methods

Brainstorming: Brainstorming is used extensively to allow the

Metaplan: Metaplan is a technique for organizing a variety of ideas

Mini Lecture: Instead of lengthy inductive lecture, a mini-lecture

Guided Group Discussion: Group Discussion usually trigger by

Case Study: It is actually a Guided Group Discussion based on

Tasks/Assignments: Tasks are actually assignments for the whole

1.3 Sessions Components

Experience: It is a formal exercise

Personal notes of Facilitator

The Juvenile Justice System Ordinance, 2000

2.2 Salient features

2.3 Ascertaining age of Juvenile Offender under JJSO

Personal notes of Facilitator/Trainer

2.4 Arrest of Juvenile Offender

Personal notes of Facilitator/Trainer

2.5 Bail in non-bailable Offences

Personal notes of Facilitator

2.6 Trail of Juvenile Offender

No joint trial of a youthful offender with his adult co-accused is

Personal notes of Facilitator

Personal notes of Facilitator/Trainer

2.7 Release of Juvenile Offenders on Probation

2.8 Function of Probation Officer

He shall assist the Juvenile Court by submitting reports about

2.9 Disadvantage of Probation Order

35 See section 11(a) of the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2002.

Personal notes of Facilitator/Trainer

The Sindh Juvenile Justice Rules 2002

3 The Sindh Juvenile Justice Rules, 2002

3.1 Legal Assistance to a Juvenile

3.2 Borstal Institutions

3.3 Medical facilities at Borstal Institutes

3.4 Physical Training and Recreation in Borstal Institutes

3.5 Discipline and Punishment

Personal notes of Facilitator/Trainer

The Sindh Children Act 1955

4 The Sindh Children Act, 1955

4.2 Outline of Statute

Part – III : Industrial Schools, Certified Schools, Remand

Part – IV : Officers, their Powers and Duties

Part – V : Measures for the Care and Protection of