Timber Structures Serviceability Limit States

Eurocodes - Background & Applications
18th 20th of February 2008, Brussels
EN 1995-1 Timber Structures
Section 7
Serviceability limit states
Heinrich Kreuzinger
Chair of Timber Structures

and Building Construction


Calculation of
Deformations, Deflections
Vibrations


Deflections, Deformations
M M N N Q Q
FF
ds +
+
+
w=
*
Verbindung
en K ser
EA
System EI
GA
Vibrations
7.1 Table 1
K
=
= 2 f
M


Section 2.2.3
E mean
E=
(1 + k def )





Deflections
Vibrations
Frequency
f =

5
0,8 w
7

Vibrations:
Servicability limit states
If necessary
Ultimate limit states

Fatigue
Durability

Serviceability

(Ohlsen)
9

Single degree of freedom System

floor, beam
w (x , t ) = w 0 (x ) sin t
w (t ) = w 0 sin t
Viechtach, Bertsche

10


F (t)
M
R
w (t)
Lemgo, Mayer/Ludscher, SFS

11


M
K
R
D
Mass t
Stiffness kN/m
Damping kN/(m/s)
R=2 M D
Damping ratio
K
= 2 f
=
M
G M g
g
g
wg = =
= 2 =
2
K
K
(2 f )
5
f =
wg in cm !
wg
F (t)
M
R
w (t)
12


Frequency - Deformation
5
f =
wg
wg in cm !
wg + 0,3 p = 6 mm = 0,6cm
5
f =
= 7,2 Hz
0,8 0,6
Factor for beam
13


Deformation
Zeit
period T (in Sekunden)

14

Deformation
w
w0
Velocity
Deflection w
Velocity v
Acceleration a
v0
Accelerator
a
a0
t
15

Impuls
F(t)
Impuls I
Ti=0
F=infinite
ti
Heeldrop
I = F(t) dt = M v = M 2 g h =
55 2 9,81 0,05 = 55 kg m/s = 55 N s
16

Impuls
Velocity v
M
I
I
v=
M
N s m
=
kg
s
t= 0

17

Impuls
w(t) =
I
M 1
I
M 1

((
e t sin 1 2 t
= 1 und
= 0,01
18

Impuls I = 1Ns, 7.3.3(5)

EJ b A 4 4
f1,n = f 0 1+
n
4 4
EJ A b
f1,n
n
frequency of a plate
number of waves in
direction vertical
to the main span
40
b 4 EJ
n 40 = 1 4 A
A EJ b
f 0
Number of frequencies f1,n 40 Hz
0 , 25
4 (0,4 + 0,6 n40 )

1
1
=
v=
A
m b A + 200
M
m bSI
2
19

Impuls Heeldrop I = 55 Ns
Experimental solution,
Found by testing
v=

0,6
m
0,5
EI A
0 , 25
EI b
0 , 25
m
s
20

7.3.3(2)
F0
w=
K
uniform load
5q A
w=
384 EI
4

bF
Single load
FA
wF =
48 EI l b F
3
EI b
A
bF = 4
1,1 EI A
21


1
Value
Limit
aim
EN 1995-1-1
2004 (E)
1 deflection
w
w < l/X
Enough rigidity
small
deflection
7.2
4 frequency
wG,inst
quasi stndig,
g+2p
f >8 Hz
(w < 0,5 cm)
No resonance
7.3.3(2)

f < 8 Hz
(w > 0,5 cm)
7.3.3(1)
22

3 Deflection
Single load
F=1kN
u <0,5 bis Small deformation

4 mm
Rigidity
perpendicular
to the main span
7.3.3(2)
SIA 265
5 Impuls
I=1 Ns
(up to 40 Hz)
v<b(f1-1)
7.3.3(2)
SIA 265

50 < b < 150
Velocity
= 0,01
23

Information
2 Durchbiegung
wG,inst
quasi stndig,
g+2p
w < 6 mm
6 velocity
heeldrop
I=55Ns,
ti = 0,05s
v<6 b(f1-1)

w > 6 mm
Frequenz
keine Resonanzuntersuchung
Frequenz
Resonanzuntersuchung
DIN 1052,
2004
9.3
velocity
Mohr /bmh/
24

7.3.3(1) Special Investigation f < 8 Hz

7 Acceleration
Resonance
Walking
a<0,1 m/s2
better
performance
7.3.3.(1)
8 Acceleration
Resonance
Walking
a< 0,35 bis 0,7 poorer

m/s2
performance
7.3.3 (1)
Compare:
Kreuzinger, H.; Bla, H.J.; Ehlbeck, J.; Steck, G.:
Erluterungen zu DIN 1052:2004-08
Entwurf, Berechnung und Bemessung von Holzbauwerken.
Hrsg.: DGfH, Bruderverlag, Albert Bruder GmbH, Karlsruhe
25

Damping ratio
D, R/(2 M )
, logarithmic Damping ratio, 2 D, 2
= ln
D
wi
w i+1

Some values for D:

steel
0,005
concret
0,008
timber
0,010 bis 0,02
26
SIA

Wenn keine genaueren Informationen vorliegen, ist das

Dmpfungsmass (logarithmisches Dekrement geteilt
durch 2) ein Wert von 0,01 anzunehmen. Weitere
Richtwerte sind:
-Holztragwerte ohne mech. Verbindungen
0,010
-Holztragwerte mit mech. Verbindungen
0,015
-Holzdecken ohne schwimmenden Estrich
0,010
-Decken aus Brettschichtholz mit
schwimmenden Estrich
0,020
-Holzbalkendecken aus Brettstapeldecken
mit einem schwimmenden Estrich
0,030
27

Schweizer Norm
Swiss code
SIA 265

28

Example - System
b = 6,3 m
pz ,
Fz
y
z

l=4,2 m
29

BSP
a3 a1
h = am
am-2
Nx
Qx
Ny
Qy
x
Mx
My

30
Self weight
Trafic load
Quasi stndige Kombination
nach DIN 1055-100, Gl 24

3,23 kN/m2
2,00 kN/m2
q s = g + 2 p = 3,23 + 0,3 2,0 = 3,83 kN / m

31
Bending Stiffness

Decke: BSP 155 mm 5 Lagen je 31 mm

b
A
31 93 155
Biegesteifigkeiten:
(
(
)
)
1
EI A = 11000 0,1553 0,0933 + 0,0313 = 2,70 MNm 2
12
1
0,0933 0,0313 = 0,71 MNm 2
EI b = 11000
12
1
EI A + b = 11000 0,1553
= 3,41 MNm 2
12
32


b
A
31 93 155
Biegesteifigkeiten:
1
I A = 0,1553 0,0933 + 0,0313 = 2,46 10 4 m 4 = 24600 cm 4
12
33

Shear Stiffness

31 93
A
155
aA = 155 31 = 124 mm
ab = 93 31 = 62 mm
aA 2 GR 1 0,124 2 75 1
=
SA =
= 18,6 MN
n di
2 0,031
ab 2 G R 1 0,062 2 75 1
Sb =
=
= 9,3 MN
n di
1 0,031

34

Effective Stiffness

31 93
Nherung:
155
efEI = EI
Wirksame Steifigkeiten:
efEI A = 2,704
1
2,704 2
1+
18,6 4,2 2
efEI b = 0,71
1
0,71 2
1+
9,3 6,32
1
EI 2
1+
S l2
= 2,50 MNm 2
= 0,70 MNm 2
35

Beispiel Biege- Schubverformung

Biegung ohne Schub
(EI, GA )
EADiagonalen
Reine Schubverformung
(GA, EI)
w= -
F A3
w =
48 EI
Im Fachwerkmodell:
Elastische Gurte (EA),
Dehnstarre Diagonalen (EA )
Abschnitt
8.6, Anhang D
EARiegel
w=
w =
F A
4 GA
Im Fachwerkmodell:
Dehnstarre Gurte (EA ),
Elastische Diagonalen (EA)
36

Deflection, Frequency
Deflection, single span
5 g A
5 3,83 10 4,2
w=
=
384 efEI A
384 2,50
= 6,21 10
m = 6,21 mm
Frequency
f =

5
0,8 w
5
0,8 0,621
= 7,09 Hz
37

Frequency plate
Anisotrope Platte, Trgerrost

m*:
Masse (tausend t/m2)
k:
Zahl der Wellen in x-Richtung
n:
Zahl der Wellen in y-Richtung
n40:
Zahl der Eigenfrequenzen unter 40 Hz
k ,n
2
m = EJ A
k
n
= wk ,n sin
x sin
y
A
b
k 4 4
A
f m,n = f 0
+ EJ b
n 4 4
b
EJ A
f0 = 2
m
2A
EJ b A 4
k +
4 n
EJ A b
4
38

Frequency plate
f0 =
k +
2 A2
EI b A 4
efEI b 4
efEI
2,50
= 7,19 Hz
2
3
m
2 4,2
0,383 10
4
n = k +
0,7 4,2 4
2,50 6,34
n 4 = k 4 + 0,055 n 4
n Wellen senkrecht zur Tragrichtung

k Wellen in
Tragrichtung 1
2
3
4
5
1
7,39 8,88 16,8
27,9
28,8 29,5 32,5
39,4
66,5

42,8
39
Frequencies


40

n=3
3 f=Hz
8.6 Hertz
fEigenform
= 16,8
n=1
Eigenform1 f= 5.9 Hertz
f = 7,39 Hz
k=1
n=2
Eigenform 2 f= 6.5 Hertz
f = 8,88 Hz
n=4
Eigenform 4 f= 12.7 Hertz
f = 27,9 Hz
41

k=2
Eigenform 2,1
f =28,2 Hz
Eigenform 6

f= 23.3 Hertz
42

deflection
kdef = 0,8, EDIN 1052, Tble 3.2
efEI
efEI (k def ) =
1 + k def

43

Quasi stndige Bemessungssituation nach Gleichung (42)

DIN 1052
(1 + kdef)wG,inst
1
Wfin 1,85,25 =
9,4 mm
1
deflection
w

2(1 + kdef)wQ,inst
0,3(1+0,8)3,25=
1,8 mm
w < l/X
11,2 mm
0,0112/
4,2 =
1/375
Enough
rigidity
7.2
Small
deflection
44

Deflection single load

F = 1kN
F A3
1 10 3 4,2 3
wF =
=
= 0,22 10 3 m = 0,22 mm
48 EI A bF 48 2,50 2,78
0,22< 0,5 bis 4 mm

3 Durchbiegung
Einzellast
F=1kN

EI b 4,2
A
0,7
4
=
4
= 2,78 m
bF =
1,1 EI A
1,1 2,50
u <0,5 bis Querverteilung

4 mm
geringe
Verformung
DIN ENV
1995-1-1
7.3.3
SIA 265
45

Frequency
f1,1 = 7,19 Hz < 8 Hz !!

4 frequency
wG,inst
quasi stndig,
g+2p

f >8 Hz
(w < 0,5 cm)
f < 8 Hz
(w > 0,5 cm)
No resonance
7.3.3(2)
7.3.3(1)
46

Impuls I=1 Ns
4 (0,4 + 0,6 n40 )
4 (0,4 + 0,6 5)
m
=
v=
= 0,00132
383 4,2 6,3 + 200
m b A + 200
s
better performance
b ( f 1) = 100 (7,190,011) = 0,014
5 Impuls
I=1 Ns
(up to 40 Hz)

v<b(f1-1)
50 < b < 150
m
s
Velocity
7.3.3(2)
SIA 265
= 0,01
47

heeldrop I=55 Ns
0,6
v=
m
0,5
EI A
0, 25
EI b
0, 25
0,6
3830,5 2,50 0, 25 0,70 0, 25
6 velocity
heeldrop
I=55Ns,
ti = 0,05s
Limit

v<6 b(f1-1)
velocity
m
= 0,027
s
Mohr /bmh/
6 . 0,014 = 0,084 m/s > 0,027
48

7.3.3 (1) f < 8 Hz: Special investigation

Decke: f = 7,19 Hz
Gehen: Resonanz
fs = 7,19 / 3 = 2,4 Hz
3 F0
M
0,1 700
m
V (3 f s / f1,1 ) =
33.3 = 0,925 2
2520
s
0,4 0,93 = 0,37 m / s 2 > 0,1 m / s 2

7 Beschleunigung

a<0,1 m/s2
Beschleunigung
Wohlbefinden
49

Gehen: Resonanz
fs = 7,19 / 3 = 2,4 Hz
3 F0
M
0,1 700
m
V (3 f s / f1,1 ) =
33.3 = 0,925 2
2520
s
2
0,4 0,93 = 0,37 m / s < 0,7 m / s
8 Beschleunigung

a< 0,35 bis 0,7 Beschleunigung

m/s2
Sprbar,
nicht strend
DIN1052,
9.3(3)
besondere
Untersuchungen
50

Summary
F (t)
M
R
Deformation

w (t)
w
Rigidity
51

F (t)
M
R
Frequency

w (t)
rigidity
f = f
mass
52

F (t)
M
R
Velocity

w (t)
1
v
mass
53

F (t)
M
R
w (t)
Acceleration
a
mass damping
54

Wanted:
Timber floors
great stiffness
most
high mass
no
high frequency
not always
high damping
yes

55

Thank you very much

for your attention!
Vielen Dank frs Zuhren !

56

Timber Structures Serviceability Limit States

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Timber Structures Serviceability Limit States

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Eurocodes - Background & Applications

18th 20th of February 2008, Brussels

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period T (in Sekunden)

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Impuls I = 1Ns, 7.3.3(5)

Number of frequencies f1,n 40 Hz

4 (0,4 + 0,6 n40 )

Eurocodes - Background & Applications