TITLE :

Performance of pump
OBJECTIVE :
To obtain and analyze the performance characteristics of centrifugal pump operating at
a given impeller speed.
INTRODUCTION :
A pump is a device used to move gases, liquids or slurries. A pump moves liquids
or gases from lower pressure to higher pressure, and overcomes this difference in
pressure by adding energy to the system. A gas pump is generally called a compressor,
except in very low pressure-rise applications, such as in heating, ventilating, and airconditioning, where the operative equipment consists of fans or blowers. A centrifugal
pump is a rotor dynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase the velocity of a
fluid. Centrifugal pumps are commonly used to move liquids through a piping system.
The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated
by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber, from where it
exits into the downstream piping system. Centrifugal pumps are used for large
discharge through smaller heads.

Example of Centrifugal Pump

A centrifugal pump converts rotational energy, often from a motor, to energy in a

moving fluid. A portion of the energy goes into kinetic energy of the fluid. Fluid enters
axially through eye of the casing, is caught up in the impeller blades, and is whirled
tangentially and radially outward until it leaves through all circumferential parts of the
impeller into the diffuser part of the casing. The fluid gains both velocity and pressure
while passing through the impeller. The doughnut-shaped diffuser, or scroll, section of
the casing decelerates the flow and further increase the pressure.
A centrifugal pump works by the conversion of the rotational kinetic energy,
typically from an electric motor or turbine, to an increased static fluid pressure. This
action is described by Bernoulli's principle. The rotation of the pump impeller imparts
kinetic energy to the fluid as it is drawn in from the impeller eye and is forced outward
through the impeller vanes to the periphery. As the fluid exits the impeller, the fluid
kinetic energy is then converted to pressure due to the change in area the fluid
experiences in the volute section. Typically the volute shape of the pump casing, or the
diffuser vanes are responsible for the energy conversion. The energy conversion results
in an increased pressure on the downstream side of the pump, causing flow.

THEORY :

The centrifugal pump belongs to a family of turbo machines which is

distinguished as an energy absorbing device. The performance characteristics of a
typical centrifugal pump are governed mainly by the following parameters: pump head
H, water horsepower

PW

, brake horsepower bhp, efficiency , and flow rate Q for a

given impeller speed N.

The pump head H is termed as the amount of energy measured in head added by the
pump to the fluid. In this experiment, the observed data used to calculate this parameter
is given as

H=
P1 And

( P1P2 )
pg

P2 are the delivery and intake pressure of the pump, respectively.

The water horsepower

Pw

is power received by the fluid from the pump and is given

by the following relation:

Pw = p gHQ
The brake horsepower bhp to the pump can be regarded as the shaft power produced
by the electric motor. An appropriate relation used for calculating this parameter using
the observed data is given as:

Bhp=T=T(2N)
T=torque, =angular speed, N=pump rotational speed in revolution per second (rps).
The pump overall efficiency for a given impeller size and speed is defined as :

Pw
= bhp

PROCEDURES :

1. Valve labeled V5 was made sure initially closed.

2. Motor speed were ensured to set maximum by turning the speed controller fully
clockwise.
3. Main power supplied and main switched were turn on at the control panel. Digital
indicators were ensured illuminated.
4. Then pump were turned on and valve labeled V5 was open until the flow rate
reached 20 LPM.
5. All relevant measurements were recorded when the system has stabilized.
6. The flow rate were increased with increment of 10 LPM until the flow rate
reaches 90 LPM and repeated.

RESULT :
FT1

FI1 (LPM) SPEED

(LPM)

20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90

19
24
38
50.8
60
70
87
98

POWER

PT1

PT2

(RPM)

(WATT)

(%)

(%)

1686
1658
1630
1596
1563
1526
1502
1477

177
193
198
216
230
234
239
247

3.19
3.15
3.11
3.05
2.99
2.92
2.87
2.81

3.04
2.93
2.88
2.80
2.60
2.69
2.58
2.48

FT1( m /s

FI1 ( m /s

)
3.334

)
3.167

104
5.000
10

6.667
104
8.333

SPEED(RPS

POWER(WATT)

)
176.558

177

PI1

( PI2

kgf /cm 2
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

kgf /cm 2
)
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.78
1.59
1.4
1.2
1.03

PT1

PT2

PI1

PI2

(%)

(%)

(kPa)

(kPa)

3.19

3.04

205.94
3

104
4.000
10

173.625

193

3.15

2.93

170.693

198

3.11

2.88

104

104

3
1 10

3
1 10

186.32
9

104
8.467

196.13
6

6.333

167.133

216

3.05

2.80

174.56
1

163.677

230

2.99

2.60

155.92
8

1.167
103
1.334
103
3
1.5 10

1.167

159.802

234

2.92

1.45

137.29
5

157.289

239

2.87

2.58

117.681

154.671

247

2.81

2.48

101.01

103
1.633

PW

T (Nm)

(WATT)
20.994
19.994
18.994
17.795
15.895
13.996
11.996
10.297

103

103

H (m)

2.69

68.662
98.068
124.223
145.464
155.925
160.225
156.981
151.516

3.715
5.396
6.953
8.315
9.102
9.579
9.535
9.359

BHP

EFFICENCY(

(WATT)

%)

4121.222
5886.594
7457.063
8731.811
9360.614
9617.944
9423.211
9095.325

1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67

Note: Flow rate, Q used is FT1 values to find water horsepower and brake horsepower .

SAMPLE OF CALCULATIONS:
Density Of Water: 999.97 kg/m
3

1 LPM = 1.66666667 10-5 m /s

Pump Head, H.
H=

H20 =

P 1P 2
g
PI 2PI 1
g

( 205.9430 ) 103
(999.97)(9.81)

= 20.994 m

Horsepower, Pw.
PW = gHQ
4

PW20=999.97 9.81 20.994 3.334 10

PW20= 68.662 W

Brake Horsepower, bhp.

bhp = T = 2N

T=

T20 =

P w 9.554
N
68.6629.554
176.558

= 3.715 Nm

(bhp) 20 = 3.715 2

176.558

= 4121.222 W

Pump Efficiency, .

Pw
bhp

100 %

20 =

68.662
4121.222

100 %

= 1.67 %

Graph Of Brake Head Pump(H) Vs. Flow Rate(Q)

25
20
15
10
5
0
H (m)

Q (^3)

Graph Of Brake Horsepower(bhp) Vs. Flow Rate(Q)

bhp(watt)

12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0

Q (^3)

Graph Of Efficiency(%) Vs. Flow Rate(Q)

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Efficiency (%)

Q (^3)

Muhammad Izzuddin Arif Bin Abdul Samad 2013725633

DISCUSSION.
The experiment is conducted to determine centrifugal pump performance
characteristic by for several set of speed centrifugal pump. After collected all the date
and calculated. We computed all the data that have been recorded, we obtained 3
different graph.
The result of the experiment, we can see that for the graph Brake Head Pump
(H) vs. Flow Rate (Q), the graph is gradually decreased as the flow rate increased. The
highest reading for brake head pump is 20.994 m. For the graph Brake Horse Power
(BHP) vs. Flow Rate (Q), we see that the graph is steadily increased as the brake
horsepower and flow rate increased. The highest reading for brake horsepower is
9617.944 Watt. Then, for the graph of Efficiency vs. Flow Rate, the readings are
constant. There is no increase or decrease in line of graph. The efficiency is 1.67%.
There are slightly difference between the theoretical value and experiment value.
The problem may come from the error during the experiment. We need to keep in mind

that this is an experiment and the value could not be achieved due to some unavoidable
factor such as the condition of the experiment where the apparatus is not in a good
working condition and the experiment is conducted not under a standardize condition.

CONCLUSION.
As for the conclusion, the objective of this experiment to obtain and analyses the
performance characteristics of a centrifugal pump operating at a given impeller speed
were successful. The conclusion that we are made the increasing of the flow rate Q will
affect the pump head (H), Brake Horse Power (BHP) and efficiency () of the pump.
Although the theoretical value and experimental value are slightly difference because of
our human errors such as parallax error and maybe in calculating process.

Muhammad Ammar Fathi Bin Kamaruzaman (2013977053)

Discussion:
From The experiment and data collected, we have plotted 3 graph which are
Brake head pump vs flow rate, Brake horse power vs Flow rate and efficiency of the
pump vs Flow rate.
From the graph brake head pump vs the flow rate, we can observed that the
brake head pump was inversely proportional to the flow rate. This is may be because
the higher the volume of the flow rate, the lower the pump power to generate head
pump power. Differ from the previous graph, brake horse power is directly proportional
to the flow rate of the water as we can observed from the second graph. For the
efficiency of the graph, we can state that the flow rate does not affect the efficiency of
the pump as the pump flow in constant number of efficiency as the flow rate increased.
There might be some error happen during the experiment as the result obtained
was slightly error from its theoretical value. Firstly the flow rate of the water was
unstable and hardly to control as we didnt know what is the exact number that the

digital gauge was showing. Other than that, there might be some power loses during the
pumping process occurs. It might effect the value of data we have obtained and
collected.
Reccomendly, I would say that the systems valve and digital gauge of the flow
rate need to be fix and specific to control the flow of the water to make sure the flow rate
was fixed and stable to be able to perform the experiment better.

Conclusion:
Conclusively, we have obtained the result that we want and all three graphs was
plotted to prove and show the pump performance In the experiment. All the objectives
was reached and the experiment was succeed as we have obtained the pump
performance with data and numbers that we have calculated.

REFERENCE :
1. http://centrifugal-pump.blogspot.com/2009/01/centrifugal-pumpperformance_09.html
2. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_pump
3. http://www.scribd.com/doc/22278098/Lab-Report-PerformanceCharacteristics-of-Centrifugal-Pump#scribd