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Tip 1 Absolute Value

The absolute value of x, , is regarded as the distance


of x from zero.
How do we convert the general interval into an
expression using absolute value?
Example: 10 30
Step 1) Find the midpoint:

10+30
2

= 20

Step 2) Find the distance to either point: 20 10 = 10


Step 3) Substitute:

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01/08/2015

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Tip 1 Absolute Value (cont.)


If + 3 < 5, what is the value of x?

If + 3 > 5, what is the value of x?

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01/08/2015

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Tip 1 Absolute Value (cont.)


At a bottling company, a computerized machine accepts a
bottle only if the number of fluid ounces is greater than or
3
4
equal to 5 and less than or equal to 6 . If the machine
7
7
accepts a bottle containing fluid ounces, which of the
following describes all possible values of ?
A.

6 <

B.

6 <

C.

+6 >

D.

E.

+6

4
7
3
7
4
7
4
7
4
7

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01/08/2015

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Tip 1 Absolute Value (cont.)


At a milk company, Machine X fills a box with
milk, and machine Y eliminates the milk-box if the
weight is less than 450 grams, or greater than
500 grams. If the weight of the box that will be
eliminated by machine Y is E, in grams, which of
the following describes all possible values of E?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

475
+ 475
500
475
475

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< 25
< 25
> 450
= 25
> 25

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Tip #2 - Ratio to Similar Figures


Two polygons are similar if and only if their
corresponding angles are congruent and their
corresponding sides are in proportion
If the ratio of the corresponding lengths is a:b,
then the ratio of the areas is 2 : 2 and the
ratio of the volumes is 3 : 3 .

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01/08/2015

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Ratio to Similar Figures (cont)


The ratio of the sides of 2 similar triangles is
5:2. If the area of the larger triangle is 30,
what is the area of the smaller triangle?
Solution
The ratio of areas is 25:4
25k = 30 or k = 1.2
Therefore 4k = 4(1.2) = 4.8
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01/08/2015

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Ratio to Similar Figures (cont.)


In Triangle ABC, AB, PQ, & RS are parallel and
the ratio of the lengths is AQ:QS:SC = 2:2:3. If
the area of quadrilateral PRSQ is 48, what is
the area of Triangle ABC?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

84
92
105
144
147

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B
P

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Tip 3: Combined Range of Two


Intervals
Rules

Example 1

If 5 10 2 5,

Given 2 8 1
4. By how much is the

maximum of > the

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

7 + 15
10 50
0 8
1

minimum of

Smallest value Combined


Range Largest Value
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8
1

i.

Solution: max is = 8

ii.

Min is = = .5

2
4

1
2

iii. 8 .5 = 7.5

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Tip 3: Combined Range of Two


Intervals (cont.)
If 2 < < 4 3 < < 2, what are all
possible values of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

4 < < 2
1< <7
1< <4
4 < < 7
5 < < 7

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Tip 3: Combined Range of Two


Intervals (cont.)
The value of p is between 1 and 4, and the value
of q is between 2 and
6. Which of the following is

a possible value of ?

A. Between
B. Between

C. Between
D. Between
E. Between
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1
2

2
3
2
2
3
1
6
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
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Tip 4: Classifying a Group in Two


Different Ways
Organize the information in a table and use a
convenient number
Example: In a certain reading group organized of only
senior and junior students, 3/5 of the students are
boys, and the ratio of seniors to juniors is 4:5. If 2/3
of girls are seniors, what fraction of the boys are
juniors?
Seniors
Juniors

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BOYS

GIRLS

4 4
8

=
9 15 45
3 8
19

=
5 45 45
3/5

2 2
4
=
3 5 15

01/08/2015

4/9
5/9

2/5

1
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Tip 4: Classifying a Group in Two


Different Ways (cont.)
On a certain college faculty, 4/7 of the professors
are male, and the ratio of the professors older
than 50 years to the professors less than or equal
to 50 years is 2:5. If 1/5 of the male professors
are older than 50 years, what fraction of female
professors are less than or equal to 50 years.
> 50

Males

Females

1
4
4 = = 0.8
5
5

4
2 = 1.2
5
3 1.2 = 1.8

50
4

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01/08/2015

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Tip 5: Direct Variation


When 2 variables are related in such a way that
= , the 2 variables are said to be in direct
variation.
Expression of direct variation:
i. =

ii. =

Geometric interpretation: = is a special


linear equation where the is (0, 0).
In the coordinate plane, = , where ,
but must be zero.
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01/08/2015

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Tip 5: Direct Variation (cont.)


The value y changes directly proportional to
the value of x. If y = 15 when x = 5, what is
the value of y when x = 12.5?

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01/08/2015

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Tip 5: Direct Variation (cont.)


The 2 adjoining triangles are
similar. What is the length
of side DF?

12

82
13
90
13

18

100
13

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01/08/2015

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Tip 6: Inverse Variation


When 2 variables are related in such a way
that = , the two variables are said to be
in inverse variation.
Properties:
The value of two variables change in an opposite way;
that is, as one variable increases, the other decreases.
The product is unchanged

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Tip 7: Special Triangles


Angle-based Right Triangle
30-60-90 triangle
In a triangle whose angles are in the ratio 1:2:3, the sides are in
the ratio 1, 3, 2

45-45-90 Triangle
In a triangle whose 3 angles are in the ratio 1:1:2, the sides are in
the ratio 1, 1, 2

Side-based triangles
Right triangles whose sides are Pythagorean triples as follows.
3:4:5

5:12:13

8:15:17

7:24:25

9:40:41

11:60:61

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01/08/2015

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Tip 7: Special Triangles (cont.)


An equilateral triangle
ABC is inscribed inside a
circle with radius = 10.
What is the area of
ABC?

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01/08/2015

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Tip 7: Special Triangles (cont.)


Figure ABDE is a square
and BCD is an
equilateral triangle. If
the area of BCD is
16 3
What is the area of the
square?
A. 32
B. 32 3
C. 64
D. 64 2
E. 72
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01/08/2015

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Tip 8: Exponents
The exponent is the
number of times the base
is used as a factor.

The mathematical
operations of exponents
are as follows:

5 =
52 = 25 2 =
25 =

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

= +
( ) =
() =

6.

7.
8.
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01/08/2015

=
=

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Tip 8: Practice
1. If 2 3 82
value of n?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

= 24 , what is the positive

6
7
8
9
10

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01/08/2015

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Tip 8: Practice
If 43 + 43 + 43 + 43 = 2 , what is the value of
n?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

2
4
6
8
10

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01/08/2015

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Tip 8: Practice
If m and n are positive and 55 3 = 203
what is the value of m in terms of n?
A.
B.

C.

1
4
4
2
4
3

D. 22
E. 42
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01/08/2015

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Tip 8: Practice
If a and b are positive integers, 4 1 =
16, = 2 , which could be true of the
value of a?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

0
2
4
8
12

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01/08/2015

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Tip 8: Practice
If 2 23 = 27 , ?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 8

D.
E.

1
4
1
8

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01/08/2015

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Tip 8: Practice (cont.)


If p and q are positive integers, 3 = 26 ,
and 2 = 42 , what is the value of ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

1
2
3
4
5

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01/08/2015

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Tip 8: Practice (last 1)


If a and b are positive integers and 6 4
675, what is the value of + ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

1
2

3
4
5
7
8

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01/08/2015

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Tip 9: Geometric Probability


Geometric Probability is the probability
dealing with the areas of regions instead of
the number of outcomes. The equation
becomes
=

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Tip 9: Geometric Probability


Geometric Probability is the probability
dealing with the areas of region instead of the
number of outcomes. The equation becomes
Probability =

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01/08/2015

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25 cm
Means 5 cm

10 cm

A typical Problem might be this:


If you are throwing a dart at the rectangular target
below and are equally likely to hit any point on the
target, what is the probability that you will hit the
small square?
Probability =

25
250

1
10

This means there is a 1 in 10 chance that a dart


thrown at the rectangle will hit the small square

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01/08/2015

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Tip 10: Domain & Range


The domain of a function is the complete set
of input values for which the function is
defined.
The denominator of a fraction cannot be zero
The number inside a square root sign must be
positive

The range of a function is the set of all output


values produced by that function
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01/08/2015

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,
3

If a function is given by =
which
of the following represents its domain?
A.
B.
C.
D.

0
3
3
0 3
E. All real x

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01/08/2015

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If a function is given by = 2 5,
which of the following represents its range?
A. 0
B. y 2
C. 5
D. 5
E. 5

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01/08/2015

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Tip 11: Linear Function


Functions are called linear because they form straight
lines in the . Such a function

can be written as:


1) Slope-Intercept form
= + , where m is the slope and b is the y intercept

2) Point Slope form


1 = 1 , where 1 , 1 is the known point on
the line

3) General form: + + = 0
4) Standard form: + =
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01/08/2015

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Tip 11 Practice
For a linear function , 0 = 2 3 =
5. = (5), ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

5
6
7
8
9

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01/08/2015

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The adjoining table


shows some values for
the function . If is a
linear function, what is
the value of a + b?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

24
36
48
60
Cannot be determined

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01/08/2015

()

12

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A linear function is given by + + = 0


and > 0, < 0, > 0. Which of the
following graphs best represents the graph of
the function?...

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01/08/2015

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If is a linear function and 3 = 2 and


5 = 6, what is the y-intercept of the graph
of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

4
2
0
-2
-4

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01/08/2015

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If is a linear function and 3 = 2 and


4 = 4, what is the x-intercept of the
graph of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

3
2.5
2
0
-1

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01/08/2015

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The adjoining figure


shows the graph of
function . If b = 2a,
what is the value of a?
A. 2
B.

C.
D.
E.

5
2
15
13
5
4
3
2

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01/08/2015

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h(t)

-1

The table shows some


values for the linear
function h for selected
values of t. Which of
the following defines h?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

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01/08/2015

=4
= 4 2
= 4 + 2
=4+
= 2 0.5
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Fahrenheit (F) and Celsius are related by


9
= + 32. If the Fahrenheit temperature
5
is increased by 27 degrees, what is the degree
increase in Celsius temperature?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

15
20
32
59
81

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01/08/2015

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7

12

In the formula
+ 60, is increased
by 35, then what is the increase in Q ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

35
60
80
140
160

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01/08/2015

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Warm-up
In the figure, a circle is
tangent to line l, x-axis,
and y-axis. If the radius
of the circle is 5, what is
the value of t?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

7
8
9
10
11

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01/08/2015

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Tip 12: Triangle Inequality


Theorem 1 The length of one side of a
triangle is less than the sum of the other 2
sides and is greater than the difference of the
other 2 sides.
Theorem 2 The longest side has the largest
opposite angle
Theorem 3 The measure of an exterior angle
is equal to the sum of its two non-adjacent
interior angles
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The lengths of the sides of a triangle are 3, x +


3, and 9. Which could be the value of x ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

1
2
3
4
9

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01/08/2015

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Which of the following cannot be possible to


construct a triangle with the given side
lengths?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

6, 7, 11
3, 6, 9
28, 34, 39
35, 120, 125
40, 50,60

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01/08/2015

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