BTS3606 Troubleshooting

Maintenance Manual
Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Troubleshooting Flow ........................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1.1 Power Failure Handling Flow .................................................................................. 3-1
3.1.2 BTS Start Failure Handling Flow............................................................................. 3-3
3.1.3 BTS Operation Failure Handling Flow .................................................................... 3-7
3.2 Troubleshooting Procedure ............................................................................................... 3-7
3.2.1 Checking BTS Power Distribution ........................................................................... 3-7
3.2.2 Checking Part Status on Site .................................................................................. 3-9
3.2.3 Checking Part Status through LMT ....................................................................... 3-10
3.2.4 Checking Optical Fiber Connection....................................................................... 3-10
3.2.5 Blocking/Unblocking Resource ............................................................................. 3-12
3.2.6 Checking Communication Status of EAC ............................................................. 3-14
3.2.7 Checking RF Connection ...................................................................................... 3-14
3.3 Troubleshooting of Clock Faults ...................................................................................... 3-16
3.3.1 Jump of Phases or Frequencies of the Clock System .......................................... 3-16
3.3.2 Failure to Trace GPS Satellites............................................................................. 3-17
3.3.3 Failure to Trace Enough GPS Satellites ............................................................... 3-20
3.3.4 A Long Time Required to Trace Enough Satellites............................................... 3-21
3.3.5 Case Library of Clock Faults ................................................................................. 3-23
Huawei Technologies Proprietary

i
Maintenance Manual
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting
This chapter introduces the troubleshooting of BTS36 series base station through
flowcharts and procedure description.
The following provides some indexes for easy reading.
z
To locate a specific fault, see section 3.1 , Troubleshooting Flow
To handle a specific fault, see section 3.2 , Troubleshooting Procedure.
To handle the clock fault, see section 3.3 , Troubleshooting of Clock Faults.
To replace parts such as boards and modules during troubleshooting procedure,

see Chapter 4, Part Replacement.
To learn something about common operations, see Chapter 5, Common

Operations.
Note:
For the difference among MML commands of cBTS3612, BTS3612A, and BTS3606, see Chapter 1,
"Routine Maintenance".
3.1 Troubleshooting Flow

The following describes troubleshooting flow and flowchart. For the description of
symbols in flowcharts, see section 2.1.5, Description of Symbols in Emergency
Maintenance Flowchart.
3.1.1 Power Failure Handling Flow

The power failure handling flow consists of:
z
Handling power input and conversion failure
Handling 24 V power distribution failure
Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2 show the flowcharts.

3-1
Maintenance Manual
Is the power indicator

of PSUDC/DC on?
Start
Go to 3
For cBTS3612 and BTS3606, check the items in

the dotted loop to handle the fault.
2
of PSUAC/DC on?
Is the PSUDC/DC installed?
Is there any backup

power supply?
Y
Turn on the airbreaker
Is the power input

air-breaker on?
Is the backup power

connector connected?
Is the AC power
distribution air-breaker on?
Is there any backup

power supply?
Turn on the
connector
Solve the problem

of backup power
supply
Contact Huawei
technical support
engineer
Is the PSUAC/DC
installed correctly?

of PSUDC/DC on?
Y
Connect or replace
the cable correctly
Solve the power

input problem of
the site.
Y
Install and fasten
the PSUAC/DC
correctly?
Y
Turn on the airbreaker
Replace
PSUDC/DC
Install and fasten
the PSUAC/DC
correctly?
N
Is any power
supply led in the site?
Y
Solve the power
input problem of
the site
Is the power input cable

connected to the lightning protection
and filter unit?
Go to 1
Y
Replace
PSUAC/DC
Is the temperature in the

cabinet lower than -20oC?
Y
of PSUAC/DC on?
Contact Huawei
technical support
engineer
Y
N
Is the cabinet door closed?
Close the cabinet

door
Y
Go to 1
Is the heating time enough?
Y
Contact Huawei
technical support
engineer
Figure 3-1 Flowchart of handling power input and conversion failure

3-2
Heat for enough

time
Maintenance Manual
Is any board indicator

on?
Go to 4
Connect the
cable properly
Is the cable from the

PSUDC/DC to switch
box connected correctly?
Replace the
switch box
Is the cable from the

switch box to board
connected correctly?
Replace the
switch box
Is the switch box

damaged?
Is any board indicator

on?
N
Contact Huawei
technical support
engineer
Figure 3-2 Flowchart of handling 24 V power distribution failure
3.1.2 BTS Start Failure Handling Flow

The BTS start failure handling flow consists of:
z
Handling start failure (near-end)
Handling start failure (far-end)
Handling Abis interface link failure

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Figure 3-3, Figure 3-4, and Figure 3-5 show the flowcharts.
4
Set up communication
connection with the BTS
at near end
Is the communication
connection normal?
Connect the
cable properly
Is the connecting cable

connected to the BCKM
Ethernet interface?
Y
Use crossover
network cable
Is the cable a crossover

network cable?
Fasten the cable

connector
Are the two connectors

of the cable connected?
Start the Telnet

client
Is the Telnet client

started?
Reset or replace
the BCKM
Does the BCKM

operate normally?
Obtain the correct

IP address
Is the IP address
for login correct?
Y
Contact Huawei
technical support
engineer
Figure 3-3 Flowchart of handling start failure (near-end)

3-4
Query BTS alarm

information. Is there any
current alarm?
Y
Handle the
current alarm
Go to
5
Maintenance Manual
Start the LMT at far end
6
N
Is there any BTS equipment

panel diagram?
Go to
8
Does the panel diagram

display all boards/modules
installed?
Are calls made successfully in

the BTS coverage area?
End
Remove and insert the

boards and modules
displayed abnormally
Is the clock cable

connected properly?
N
Connect the
cable properly
The spanner or captive screw

of the board or module is
installed in position
Does the panel diagram

display all boards/modules
installed?
Replace the boards or

modules displayed
abnormally.
Figure 3-4 Flowchart of handling start failure (far-end)

3-5
Contact Huawei
technical support
engineer
Maintenance Manual
8
Go to
6
Is the physical link at BTS side
connected normally?
Re-connect the link

until it is normal.
Re-connect the link

until it is normal.
Re-connect the link

until it is normal.
Is the physical link at BSC side

connected normally?
Is the physical link of Abis

interface in the loopback state?
N
Perform loopback test on
the physical link of Abis
interface
Is the link loopback

normal?
Is the link configuration consistent

with that of physical connection?
Check the BER of Abis

interface physical link
Is the BER
normal?
Solve the
transmission problem
Solve the
transmission BER
problem
Modify the Abis

interface data
Y
Check Abis interface
data
Is the Abis interface

data consistent?
Y
Contact Huawei
technical support
engineer
Figure 3-5 Flowchart of handling Abis interface link failure

3-6
Reconfigure
the physical
link
Maintenance Manual
3.1.3 BTS Operation Failure Handling Flow

Figure 3-6 shows the flowchart of handling BTS operation failure.
Start
1
Does BTS have
current alarms?
Handling them
Does BTS have any

more current alarms?
End
N
Is Abis interface
transmission interrupted?
Go to 1
Handle it
N
Is BTS power supply
disconnected?
Handle it
Figure 3-6 Flowchart of handling BTS operation failure
3.2 Troubleshooting Procedure

After locating a fault according to the troubleshooting flow, perform the following
operations as appropriate to handle the fault.
3.2.1 Checking BTS Power Distribution

You can judge whether the BTS power distribution is normal by checking the
indicators on the panel of the board. If the indicator is on, the BTS power distribution
is normal.
BTS power distribution varies with the models of BTS.
Table 3-1 provides the power distribution paths of cBTS3612, BTS3606, and
BTS3612A. For details about power distribution, see the technical manual of each
BTS, for example, Airbridge cBTS3612 CDMA Base Station Technical Manual.

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Maintenance Manual
Table 3-1 Power distribution path

BTS model
cBTS3612
BTS3606
Power input
or
Power distribution path
Remark
48 V DC
EMI filterDC/DC Power Supply Module

(PSUDC/DC) Switch boxEach board or
module
The 48 V DC input power is

converted into +27 V DC on the
PSUDC/DC.
+24 V DC
Switch boxEach board or module

When the AC power is led in to
the AC/DC power subrack, it is
also sent to the air conditioner.
BTS3612A
AC
input
power
Power supply air breakerAC power

distribution air breakerAC/DC Power
Supply
Module
(PSUAC/DC)PSUDC/DCSwitch boxEach
board and module
The AC power is converted into

48 V DC on the PSUAC/DC.
The 48 V DC power is sent to the
DC/DC power subrack, and also
to the power consumption units
such
as
the
batteries,
transmission equipment, fans, and
illuminating devices.
The 48 V DC power is converted
into +27 V DC on the PSUDC/DC.
To check the BTS power distribution path, ensure that:
I. There is power supply input

If no power is led in, solve the power input problem with the relevant manager.
II. The standby power system operates normally (applies to BTS3612A only)
When there is power input, the standby power system is in charging state. When
there is no power input, the standby power system is in discharging state.
III. The power input cable is correctly connected to the lightning protection
and filter unit of AC power supply
There are N, L1, L2, and L3 wire post and three-phase short-circuiting clamp. Ensure
that the phase connection is correct.
The three-phase short-circuiting clamp is used only when the monophase AC power
is input.
IV. The PSUAC/DC and PSUDC/DC are properly installed

The PSUAC/DC applies to the BTS3612A only.

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For the configuration of the PSUAC/DC and PSUDC/DC, see the related technical
manuals.
3.2.2 Checking Part Status on Site

You can check the status of parts through the LMT or indicators on the parts.
To check the status of parts on site, proceed as follows:
I. Check indicators on the panels of baseband boards.

The standard indicators on the panel of baseband boards include:
z
RUN: Board status indicator.
ALM: Alarm indicator.
ACT: Working indicator.
For detailed description of indicators, see Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base
Station Hardware Description.
You can check the following baseband boards on site:
z
BCKM
BCIM
BCPM or CCPM
BRDM
HPCM
II. Check indicators on the panels of other parts

For detailed description of indicators, see Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base
Station Hardware Description.
You need to check the following parts:
z
BTRM or CTRM
BRFM
RLDU
PSUAC/DC
PSUDC/DC
PMU
BPLI
III. Ensure that all parts are installed in position

For the parts installed, if there are ejector levers on the front panel, turn them towards
the middle of the panel and tighten the screws clockwise.

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3.2.3 Checking Part Status through LMT

You can check the status of parts through the LMT or by checking indicators on the
parts.
To check the status of parts through the LMT, proceed as follows
I. Enter equipment panel node

To enter equipment panel node:
1)
On the navigation tree of Service Maintenance System, select the tab

[Maintenance].
2)
Select the site to be viewed.
3)
Open Equipment Panel node.
II. View equipment panel diagram

Double-click on the selected rack in the Equipment Panel node. The equipment
panel diagram of the rack is displayed in the output window.
The baseband boards, Radio Frequency (RF) modules, and power modules are also
displayed in the equipment panel diagram.
III. Check the part status

First check whether the parts displayed are consistent with those configured, and
then check whether the status is normal.
There is an icon like an indicator on each part. It is used to indicate the status of the
part (for example, normal, standby normal, faulty, blocked, offline, or unknown).
3.2.4 Checking Optical Fiber Connection

The BRDM of the cBTS3612 or BTS3612A connects with the BTRM or ODU3601C
through optical fibers.
The BTS3606 cabinet needs no optical fiber. But if the BTS3606 needs to connect
with the ODU3601C, the CCPM with optical interface must be configured to connect
to the ODU3601C using optical fibers
The following introduces the fiber connection between the BRDM and BTRM or
ODU3601C.

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Caution:
z
Never directly look at the fiber connector of the board with naked eyes.
The optical fiber is fragile. Never pull the optical fiber by force, or bend it with the radius of less than
25 mm.
The removal and insertion of fiber connectors may affect the corresponding carrier service.
To check the optical fiber connection:
I. Check the terminal connection

Check the fiber connection. Ensure that the Tx terminal of the BRDM is connected to
the Rx terminal of the BTRM or ODU3601C and the Rx terminal of the BRDM to the
Tx terminal of the BTRM or ODU3601C.
If the optical fibers are connected inversely, you cannot insert the connectors.
II. Clean the connectors

Remove the fiber connector, clean it with dedicated sanitary materials, and then insert
it again.
For details about the removal and insertion of fiber connectors, see Chapter 4, Part
Replacement.
III. Replace optical fiber to locate fault
Caution:
z
The optical fiber connecting with the ODU3601C cannot be replaced with that connecting with the
BTRM. That is because the former is a single-mode fiber, while the latter is a multi-mode fiber.
Replacement of the optical fiber may affect the normal fiber connection and eventually the BTS
service.
If some fiber connections are normal, but some are abnormal, you can locate the fault
through replacement check. Proceed as follows:
z
Exchange the abnormal optical fiber for the normal one on the BRDM.
Exchange
the
abnormal
optical
fiber
for
BTRM/ODU3601C.

3-11
the
normal
one
on
the
Maintenance Manual
Compare the connection before and after the exchange to determine whether the
BRDM, optical fiber (including fiber connectors), or the BTRM/ODU3601C is faulty.
Then, replace the faulty parts following the instructions described in Chapter 4, Part
Replacement.
IV. Test optical fiber

You can judge whether the optical fiber is faulty through an optical power meter. For
details, see the operation manual of the optical power meter.
3.2.5 Blocking/Unblocking Resource

To avoid affecting the BTS service, block the logical resource and physical resource
before operating on the specific board or module. After that, unblock the resources.
In addition, to avoid the exposure to the RF radiation, block the relevant logical
resource before approaching the RF antenna or other parts with RF signal leakage.
After that, unblock the resource.
The following lists blocking levels from high to low:
z
Immediate blocking: After the selection of immediate blocking, all resources are
blocked. As a result, all calls handled by the BTRM/CTRM or BCPM/CCPM are
dropped.
Delay blocking: After a preset period of delay, all resources are blocked. As a
result, all calls handled by the BTRM/CTRM or BCPM/CCPM are dropped. If the
cell is idle, the resources will be blocked immediately.
Idle blocking: Resource is blocked only when the resource is idle. Idle blocking
does not cause call drop.
Caution:
z
The blocking of BTS physical resource may cause the block of relevant cells or sectors and
interruption of on-going services.
If the power of the dedicated BTRM/CTRM or BCPM/CCPM must be cut off, it is necessary to select
a proper blocking level to avoid the impact on the BTS service.
To block the physical resource is to block the BCPM. If it is necessary to remove

BCPM on site, block this BCPM first.
To block and then unblock the logical resource:

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I. Block logical resource

To block logical resource, proceed the following:
--Obtain the authority of the network administrator.
--Select a proper blocking level.
--Execute the command BLK BTSLOGRES.
II. Cut off the relevant power supply

Find the relevant power switch of the BTRM/CTRM in the switch box and turn it off.
III. Perform other operations

Perform other scheduled operation. For example, replace modules, or repair the
antenna system.
IV. Connect the relevant power supply

V. Unblock logical resource
Execute the command UBL BTSLOGRES to unblock the logical resource previously
blocked.
To block and then unblock the physical resource:
VI. Block physical resource

To block physical resource, proceed the following:
--Obtain the permission of the network administrator.
--Select a proper blocking level.
--Execute the command BLK BTSPHYRES.
VII. Perform other operations

Perform other scheduled operation. For example, replace the BCPM/CCPM.
VIII. Unblock physical resource

Execute the command UBL BTSPHYRES to unblock the physical resource
previously blocked.

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3.2.6 Checking Communication Status of EAC

The indoor BTS is generally configured with an Environment Alarm Chest (EAC) to
monitor the room environment.
Check whether the communication between the EAC and BTS is normal according to
the following steps.
If you are in the BTS equipment room, directly go to step 3.
To check the communication status of the EAC:
I. Query alarm information

Check through Telnet or LMT whether there is an alarm indicating the EAC
communication failure.
z
If yes, the communication between the EAC and BTS is abnormal.
If no, the communication may be normal, or it is believed that no EAC is

configured because the BTS does not receive the information of EAC when
starting.
To confirm the above case further, go to the next step.
II. Query ambient temperature and humidity

Execute the command DSP BTSENVPARA to query the ambient temperature and
humidity of the BTS equipment room.
z
If the message returned is Environment Alarm Chest absent or link

disconnected, the communication of EAC is abnormal.
If the ambient temperature and humidity are returned, the communication is

normal.
III. Check the indicator

If you are in the BTS equipment room, check the indicator of the EAC, and judge
whether the indicator status is normal based on the relevant manual of EAC.
3.2.7 Checking RF Connection

If the forward and reverse coverage area of the BTS is affected, a fault may occur to
the RF connection, including:
z
Connection between the RF antenna and RF front-end module
Connection between the RF front-end module and power amplifier module
Connection between the power amplifier module and transceiver module

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Caution:
RF signals may do harm to human beings. Therefore, it is necessary to turn off the relevant power
amplifier module before cutting off the RF connection.
To check the RF connection:
I. Test return loss of antenna

Test the return loss of RF transmit-receive path by following the instructions in section
5.7, Instructions for Return Loss Test. If the measured standing wave ratio is great
(values less than 1.3 are preferable), it is necessary to check the RF connection
segment by segment.
II. Perform short circuit test on feeder (including jumper) shielding layer and
core wire
See section 3.3 , Troubleshooting of Clock Faults.
III. Perform continuity check on feeder (including jumper) core

See section 3.3 , Troubleshooting of Clock Faults.
IV. Perform visual check

Check the RF connection from the antenna to the BTRM/CTRM segment by
segment.
Check the following items:
z
Whether the antenna and jumper connector are connected securely.
Whether the jumper and feeder (including jumpers at the antenna side and
equipment side) connector are connected securely and in good contact.
Whether the jumper and the feeder connector on the cabinet are connected
securely and in good contact.
Whether the jumper inside the cabinet and the connector on the RF front-end
module are connected securely and in good contact.
Whether the fins of the connector on the RF subrack backplane are damaged
and whether jumpers are connected securely and in good contact.
Whether the ultra flexible jumpers between the RF module panels are connected
securely and in good contact.
Whether the RF blind mate connector is well connected.
Whether water comes into the feeder.

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3.3 Troubleshooting of Clock Faults

In regard to the importance of the clock to the CDMA system, this section details the
clock fault troubleshooting procedures. Typical cases are also provided to explain
how to handle the clock fault.
Faults of the BTS36 series base station feature the following symptoms:
z
The quality of speech is poor.
Handoff between BTSs fails.
Calls are often dropped.
The ACT indicator of BCKM flashes at 0.25 Hz.
The ACT indicator of BTRM flashes at 0.5 Hz.
The causes for clock faults are as follows:

z
The phases or frequencies of the clock system jump.
The satellites traced are insufficient.
It takes a long time to trace enough satellites.
It is impossible to trace satellites.
For the above causes, the fault location and troubleshooting procedure are presented
below.
3.3.1 Jump of Phases or Frequencies of the Clock System

I. Fault symptom
The following alarms are found through the LMT.
ALARM 31469
Fault Important
BSS
10580
Hardware System
Alarm Name = Master Clock Out of Lock

Alarm Generation Time = 2003-04-01 12:55:03
Location Information = BTS Name=###, BTS ID=19, Board Type=BCKM_CLK, Board
ID=0, Details=Freq/Phase Jump in PHASE_ADJUST State
Restore Status = Normal restore
Restore Time = 2003-04-01 12:55:05
Acknowledging Status = Unacknowledged;
You may also query BTS alarms through Telnet. If you find the following alarms, it
also indicates that jump of phases happens in the BTS clock.
HW CBTS>lst curalm:brdtp=bckm clk,brdid=0
Query result:
HW CBTS>
OccurTime
= [2003-04-01 12:55:03] EndTime
AlarmType = Alarm, AlarmLevel = Notice

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= [2003-04-01 12:55:05]
Maintenance Manual
AlarmItem
= [ 65] star link failure
Type = BCKM_CLK,
Id = 0
SubUnitType = [255] default subunit type,

Details
SubUnitId = 255
= Phase/Freq Jump in PHASE_ADJUST State
II. Fault location

If the BTS generates alarms of jump of clock frequency or phase occasionally, it
indicates that unknown electromagnetic interference affects the measurement result
of the Phase-Frequency Detector (PFD) on the BCKM. However this exception only
affects the system briefly and can be ignored.
If the BTS generates these alarms frequently, it is very likely that the hardware of the
BCKM is faulty. In this case, trace the phase of the clock phase-locked loop to judge
whether the hardware is faulty.
Enter the following command through Telnet:
str infotrace:brdtp=bckm clk,brdid=0,item="spll"
If the BCKM can trace enough satellites, and the voltage of the phase-locked loop is
unstable, it can be concluded that the hardware of BCKM is faulty. In this case,
replace the BCKM.
3.3.2 Failure to Trace GPS Satellites

I. Fault symptom
The BTS cannot trace any satellite.
II. Fault location

In this case, you must first verify that the current reference source is not the internal
reference source (inclk) and check whether the clock parameters are correctly
configured. Then follow the following order to locate faults.
1)
Verify whether the Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna is installed in the
right place.
To ensure that BTS receives the optimal GPS signals, the installation position of
the GPS antenna must satisfy the following conditions.
z
Install the GPS antenna in an open area without any shelter within the range
that is ten or more degrees from the horizon.

z
Install the antenna in the center of building roof rather than at the corners or
on the parapets around the building roof to avoid lightning strikes.

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z
Avoid short-distance radiation of the main beam of mobile communication
antennae. Do not install the antenna under microwave antennae, high-voltage

cables, and TV transmission towers.
2)
Check the connection of GPS antenna.

Check the following items:
z
Insulation
Disconnect jumpers with the GPS antenna and the cabinet. Measure the
insulation resistance between shielding layers of jumpers with core layers.
The resistance must be several mega-ohm or above.
If the resistance is small or cables are short-circuited, measure the resistance
section by section to locate the short-circuited cable.
The conductor of the feeder

Disconnect jumpers with the GPS antenna and the cabinet. Short-circuit the
shielding layer of one end of the jumper and the core layer. Measure the
resistance between the shielding layer and the core layer at the other end of
the jumper. The resistance must be very small.
If the resistance is infinite, it indicates that the conductor is disconnected.
Measure section by section to locate the short-circuited position.
The short cable (white) between the GPS receiver and BCKM panel.
The cable might be unable to receive GPS signals because it has been
twisted too long.
You can replace the cable with a 10 MHz output cable or a 2S output cable to
verify whether it is the cable failure that causes the incapability of BTS to
receive GPS signals.
3)
Check the GPS antenna lightning arrester.

The installation of the GPS antenna lightning arrester varies with the types of the
lightning arrester.
z
For the iS-MR50LNZ+6 type, its PROTECTED end must face the BTS.
For DGXZ+6NF NM-A type, its EQUIPMENT end must face the BTS.
If a lightning arrester is inversely installed, the insertion loss of the GPS receive
channel will increase, which affects the reception of GPS signals.
If the lightning arrester fails, the BTS cannot receive GPS signals normally. In
this case, remove the lightning arrester and check how the BTS traces GPS
satellites to verify whether the lightning arrester fails.
4)
Check the GPS receiver (you may also apply to replace the BCKM or the GPS
receiver if you are in the equipment room.).

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The following lists major faults of the GPS receiver and explains how to locate
these faults.
z
The feed voltage drops abnormally.

To locate the fault, disconnect the feeder from ANT port on the front panel of
the BCKM and measure the voltage the GPS receiver outputs to the GPS
antenna. In normal case, the output voltage of the SMA socket is more than
4.8 V.
If the feed voltage is less than 4.5 V, it is likely that the hardware of the GPS
receiver is faulty. In this case, replace the GPS receiver.
The GPS receiver card does not export 1PPS signals.

To locate the fault, check the current alarms of the BCKM clock module
through Telnet and see whether the following alarms exist.
Query result:
HW CBTS>
OccurTime
= [2000-01-01 00:00:00]
AlarmType
= Alarm,
AlarmItem
= [ 66] ref clk resource failure
AlarmLevel = Minor
CardType
= BCKM_CLK,
CardId
= 0
SubUnitType = [255] default subunit type

Details
,SubUnitId = 255
= No Ref Clk Source
HW CBTS>
OccurTime
= [2000-01-01 00:00:00]
AlarmType
= Alarm,
AlarmItem
CardType
= BCKM_CLK,
AlarmLevel = Minor
CardId
= 0

Details
,SubUnitId = 255
= 1PPS No Output
If the alarms exist and do not disappear, it indicates that the 1PPS output part
of the GPS receiver is faulty. In this case, replace the GPS receiver.
z
The communication serial port of the GPS receiver card is faulty.

To locate the fault, check the current alarms of the BCKM clock module
through Telnet and see whether the following alarms exist.
Query result:
HW CBTS>
OccurTime
= [2000-01-01 00:00:00]
AlarmType
= Alarm,
AlarmItem
AlarmLevel = Minor

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Maintenance Manual
CardType
= BCKM_CLK,
CardId
= 0

Details
,SubUnitId = 255
= Clk Src Communication Stop
If the alarms exist and do not disappear, it indicates that the communication
serial port of the GPS receiver card is faulty. In this case, replace the GPS
receiver.
z
The GPS antenna is faulty.

You can use the exclusive method to locate the fault.
First perform the above three steps to exclude the above three faults. If the
above three faults are excluded and the GPS signals still cannot be received,
the GPS antenna may be faulty.
Check the current alarms of the BCKM clock module through Telnet and see
whether the following alarm exists.
HW CBTS>lst_curalm:brdtp=bckm clk,brdid=0
Query result:
HW CBTS>
OccurTime
= [2000-01-01 00:00:00]
AlarmType
= Alarm,
AlarmItem
CardType
= BCKM_CLK,
AlarmLevel = Notice
CardId

Details
= 0
,SubUnitId = 255
= Antenna Connection Open or signal weak
This alarm is generated the working current of the antenna is lower than the
detection threshold of the GPS receiver.
You can replace the GPS antenna to make further judgment. If the alarm
disappears, the GPS antenna is faulty. If the alarm does not disappear, check
the connection between GPS antenna and the GSP receiver.
3.3.3 Failure to Trace Enough GPS Satellites

I. Fault symptom
The BTS reports the alarm Failure to trace enough GPS satellites.
The meaning of the alarm varies with versions.
z
Versions earlier than cBTS3612V100R002B02D003

This alarm means that the number of satellites traced by the GPS receiver is
less than four.
Version cBTS3612V100R002B02D003 or later

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Maintenance Manual
When the alarm occurs before the BTS clock synchronizes the GPS for the first
time, it means that the number of satellites traced by the GPS receiver is less
than four.
When the alarm occurs while the GPS receiver is in position holdover mode, it
means that the number of satellites traced by the GPS receiver is less than two.
II. Fault location

Check the special statuses of the clock module through Telnet. If the RM Position
Hold status is enabled, the GPS receiver is in position holdover mode. If the RM
Position Hold status is disabled, it indicates that the GPS receiver card is not in the
position hold mode.
If the BTS can trace more than one GPS satellite, it can be concluded that the
hardware failure does not occur to the GPS antenna, the connection cable, the
lightning arrester, or the GPS receiver card. (You can obtain the number of GPS
satellites by checking the special statuses of the BTS clock module.)
It is possible that the installation position of the GPS antenna is inappropriate. Check
the installation position of the GPS antenna. For details, see section 3.3.2 , Failure
to Trace GPS Satellites.
3.3.4 A Long Time Required to Trace Enough Satellites

I. Fault symptom
The BTS fails to trace enough GPS satellites in a long time (more than 30 minutes)
after it is powered on for the first time.
Before enough satellites are traced, the following two alarms of the BTS clock module
can be found: Can not Traced Enough Satellites and PP2S Phase does not
synchronize with GPS.
Query result:
HW CBTS>
OccurTime
= [2003-04-09 15:52:55]
AlarmType
= Alarm,
AlarmItem
CardType
= BCKM_CLK,
AlarmLevel = Notice
CardId
= 0

Details
,SubUnitId = 255
= Can not Traced Enough Satellites
HW CBTS>
OccurTime
= [2003-04-09 15:52:43]

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Maintenance Manual
AlarmType
= Alarm,
AlarmLevel = Major
AlarmItem
= [ 67] main clk unlock
CardType
= BCKM_CLK,
CardId
= 0

Details
,SubUnitId = 255
= PP2S Phase does not synchronize with GPS
alarm recorder inquiring has been finished!
II. Fault location

The above symptom does not necessarily mean that the BTS module is faulty. It is
possible that the 3D information (longitude, latitude and altitude) stored in the GPS
receiver is quite different from the actual position of the BTS.
For example, the site is in east longitude and north latitude. But the 3D information
stored in the GPS receiver card is west longitude and south latitude.
In this case, the BTS will spend a long time calculating the 3D information when it is
first powered on. Therefore, it takes a long time to for the BTS to trace enough
satellites.
To locate the fault,
1)
Obtain the 3D information stored in the GPS receiver card.

You may use the command that is used for checking the special information of
the BTS clock module.
2)
Enter the BTS 3D information.

The cBTS3612V100R002B02D003 or later versions provides an interface for
entering the 3D information to shorten the time spent on GPS satellites tracing
and 3D location.
In general, it takes the BTS less than 30 minutes (ten minutes typically) to trace
enough GPS satellites after the 3D information is entered. You can log in to the
BTS through Telnet and execute the following command to enter the 3D
information:
set btsinitpos: BRDID=<0>, lat=< >, long=< >, alt=< >
brdid
lat
long
alt
: bckm id from 0 (slot 7) to 1 (slot 8)

: latitude value from -90 to 90 (latitude of GPS)
: longitude value from -180 to 180 (longitude of GPS)
: altitude value from -500 to 10000 (altitude of GPS)
You can obtain the longitude, latitude and altitude information from other BTSs
that can trace satellites, or from the parameter list of the network planning. You
may also obtain the approximate 3D information from the maps of the local area.

3-22
Maintenance Manual
Note:
In general, it is not necessary to enter the 3D information when the BTS is powered on for the first
time.
If the longitude, latitude and altitude information obtained through checking special statuses of the
BCKM_CLK module differs greatly from the actual ones, the setting of the BTS 3D information speed
up the satellites location and locking of the GPS receiver.
Do not use commands to change the BTS 3D information when the BTS is running normally to avoid
the phase jump of the PP2S signals.
3.3.5 Case Library of Clock Faults

The following are typical cases for clock faults.
I. Failure to trace GPS satellites due to the failure of GPS lightning arrester
z
Fault symptom
The BTS fails to trace GPS Satellites.
Fault location
Log in to the BTS through Telnet. Check the alarms of BCKM. The antenna
connection open alarm can be found. Locate the fault step by step. After the
GPS lightning arrester is removed, the alarm disappears. The BTS can trace
enough satellites.
It can be concluded that the failure of the GPS lightning arrester causes the
problem.
II. Failure of the BTS to trace GPS satellites due to microwave interference
z
Fault symptom
The alarm that satellites are lost occurs from 8:00 A.M to 9:30 A.M. every day.
The number of satellites traced is less than three.
Fault location
The above symptom indicates that the hardware of the BTS equipment is not
faulty. The BTS is installed on the highest building without shelters around. But
there is a microwave antenna facing the GPS antenna obliquely.
It is possible that the microwave interference causes the fault.
Test the performance of the GPS receiver by holding it at the place where the
BTS antenna is installed. Test result shows that the receiver can trace the same

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Maintenance Manual
number of satellites as the BTS does. That is, at most five satellites can be
traced.
This indicates that nothing is wrong with the equipment of the BTS. The
installation position of the GPS antenna is appropriate. The microwave radiation
affects the receiving performance of the GPS antenna.
Lower the installation position of the GPS antenna to avoid the interference of
the microwave antenna, and the BTS can trace seven satellites. In most cases,
the BTS can trace six satellites. The performance of the GPS antenna is greatly
improved.
III. System clock failure due to failure of the constant-temperature crystal

oscillator of the phase-locked loop
z
Fault symptom
Clock alarms are detected frequently in a site after kickoff.
These alarms include:
--Exception of the channel processing chip clock
--Exception of the system clock
--The primary clock is unlocked
The performance measurement result shows that the call drop rate of the BTS
reaches up to 6.9%, much higher than the average rate (1.6%).
Fault location
The above symptom indicates that the BTS can trace GPS satellites normally
and that the frequent occurrence of alarms is caused by the hardware fault of the
BCKM phase-locked loop.
As it is impossible to find out which part of the BCKM is faulty, the whole BCKM
is replaced to solve the problem. Later the faulty BCKM is tested in the lab and it
is found out that the 10 MHz crystal oscillator is faulty.
IV. The BTS takes a long time to trace GPS satellites

z
Fault symptom
A BTS cannot trace enough GPS satellites (four) for a long time after it is
powered on, and the number of the traced satellites changes from three to zero.
Fault location
This problem occurs before the GPS receiver completes the location task. If the
position information of the GPS receiver is correct, this problem will not occur
again.

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Maintenance Manual
Check the special status of the clock during the power-on of the BTS, and the
result is as follows:
HW CBTS>dsp btsbrdspecstat:brdtp=bckm_clk,brdid=0
clk ref source
: gps
satellites traced
: 4
latitude
: N30o2'7"
longitude
: E125o5'42"
altitude
: -439m
pll status
: search (freq adjust)
GMT offset
: eastern 8:0
(Note: When the BTS traces four satellites, the number of the traced satellites
soon changes to zero.)
clk ref source
: gps
satellites traced
: 0
latitude
: N30o2'7"
longitude
: E125o5'42"
altitude
: -439m
pll status
: search (freq adjust)
GMT offset
: eastern 8:0
The information after location is as follows:

clk ref source
: gps
satellites traced
: 8
latitude
: N27o35'4"
longitude
: E113o40'51"
altitude
: +108m
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Maintenance Manual
pll status
: lock
GMT offset
: eastern 8:0
The result of the special status shows that the 3D information differs greatly
before and after the location of the GPS receiver.
The GPS receiver calculates the 3D information by iteration to verify whether it
has traced GPS satellites. The history 3D information is needed for the
calculation process. But the history 3D information differs greatly from the actual
one, which prolongs the iteration process. Therefore, it takes a long time before
the BTS can trace enough GPS satellites after it is powered on.

3-26

BTS3606 Troubleshooting

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BTS3606 Troubleshooting

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Maintenance Manual

Airbridge BTS36 Series CDMA Base Station

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

To locate a specific fault, see section 3.1 , Troubleshooting Flow

To handle a specific fault, see section 3.2 , Troubleshooting Procedure.

To replace parts such as boards and modules during troubleshooting procedure,

To learn something about common operations, see Chapter 5, Common

3.1 Troubleshooting Flow

3.1.1 Power Failure Handling Flow

Handling power input and conversion failure

Handling 24 V power distribution failure

Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2 show the flowcharts.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

Is the power indicator

For cBTS3612 and BTS3606, check the items in

Is the PSUDC/DC installed?

Is there any backup

Is the power input

Is the backup power

Is there any backup

Solve the problem

Is the power indicator

Solve the power

Is the power input cable

Is the temperature in the

Close the cabinet

Is the heating time enough?

Figure 3-1 Flowchart of handling power input and conversion failure

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Heat for enough

Is any board indicator

Is the cable from the

Is the cable from the

Is the switch box

Is any board indicator

Figure 3-2 Flowchart of handling 24 V power distribution failure

3.1.2 BTS Start Failure Handling Flow

Handling start failure (near-end)

Handling start failure (far-end)

Handling Abis interface link failure

Is the connecting cable

Is the cable a crossover

Fasten the cable

Are the two connectors

Start the Telnet

Is the Telnet client

Does the BCKM

Obtain the correct

Figure 3-3 Flowchart of handling start failure (near-end)

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Query BTS alarm

Start the LMT at far end

Is there any BTS equipment

Does the panel diagram

Are calls made successfully in

Remove and insert the

Is the clock cable

The spanner or captive screw

Does the panel diagram

Replace the boards or

Figure 3-4 Flowchart of handling start failure (far-end)

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Re-connect the link

Re-connect the link