Political Social and Religious Reforms Organization and Movement

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CHAPTER - 7
POLITICAL, SOCIAL & RELIGIOUS

REFORMS, ORGANISATION
& MOVEMENT
Hindu Reforms-Organisations & Movements
Arya Samaj
1. Founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in
1875.
2. Important works of Dayanand are Satyartha
Prakash, Veda Bhasya, Veda Bhasya Bhumika.
3. Swami Dayanand rejected Western idea and
emphasized on reviving the ancient of the
Aryans.
4. His real name was Mulshankar and he was
born in a Brahmin family.
5. First Arya Samaj unit was organised at Bombay.
6. Later on the headqurters was established at
Lahore.
7. Condemned idol worship. Disregarded the
authority of the later Hindu sriptures like the
Puranas. Launched a frontal attack on the
numerous abuses like idolatry, polytheism,
belief in magic, charms, animal sacrifices.
8. Dayanands slogan of Back to the Vdas was a
call for revival of vedic learning and vedic purity
of religion and not revival of vedic times.
9. Produced leaders of the eminence like Lala
Hans Raj, Pandit Guru Dutt and Lala Lajpat Rai.
He condemned idol worship, discouraged

pilgrimages, ceremonials and penancesamong the Brahmos.
8. Keshab Chandra Sen joined the Brahmo Samaj

in 1858.
9. Raja Ram Mohan Roy published his first
philosophical work. Tuhbatul Muwahhiddin in
1805.
10. He provided enthuisastic support to David Hare
who, along with many other Indians founded
the famous Hindu College in 1817.
11. First split in Brahmo Samaj in 1867.
Brahmo Samaj of India led by Keshab

Chandra Sen.
Adi Brahmo Samaj led by Devendranath

Tagore.
12. Second split in Brahmo Samaj of India in 1878.
Church of the New Dispensation
Sadharan Brahmo was Samaj led by

younger group.
13. Raja Ram Mohan Roy established Atmiya Sabha

in 1815 to figh t against social evi ls in
Hinduism and also to propagate monotheism.
Brahmo Samaj
14. Raja Ram Mohan Roy also gave opinion on

Permanent Settlement.
1. Founded by Raja Ram Mohan Rao in 1828.
Ramkrishna Mission
2. Con demne d ido latry , caste sy stem and

religious rituals.
1. Inaugrated by Swami Vivekanand (originally

Narendra Dutta) in 1896 with its headquarter
at Belur (near Calcutta).
3. Started a campaign for the abolition of sati,

condemned polygamy and concubinange.
4. Raja Ram Mohan Roy in the The Precepts of
Jesus published in 1820, tried to separate moral
an d ph ilosophi cal message of the n ew
testament.
2. Ramkrishna Math was founded in 1997 as a

registered religious trust by Vivekanand.
3. Spread message of Vedanta and founded
vedanta society in U.S.A.
4. Carried on philanthropic and charitable works.
5. Established Vedant College in 1825.
5. Opposed untouchability and caste system.
6. He was the initiator of public agitation on

political questions in the country.
6. Condemned touch me not attitude of Hindus

on religious matters.
7. Devendranath Tagore Brahmo Samaj in 1842.
7. Attended Parliament of Religion at Chicago
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(1893) where he emphasised on need for a
healthy balance between spiritualism and
materiaslism.
8. Quotes.
Him I call a Mahatma whose heart bleeds

for the poor, othrwise he is a Duratma.
So long as millions live in hunger and
ignorance, I hold every man as a traitor
who while educated at their expense, pays
not the least head to them.
Subhash Chandra Bose wrote - So far as
Bengal is concerned Vivekananda may be
regarded as the spiritual father of modern
nationalist movement.
Ramakrishna Paramhans used to say - All
different religious views are but different
ways leading to the same goal.
9. Ram Kri shna Paramhansa Guru of

Vivekananda was a priest at Dakshineshwar
temple near Calcutta.
3. He was dismissed from the Hindu College in

1831 because of his radical views.
4. Derozio is called first nationalist poet of modern
India.
Tattvabodhini Sabha
1. Established by Devendranath Tagore in 1839
to carry on Rammohans ideals independent of
the Brahmo Samaj.
2. A Tattvabodhini Press was established in 1843.
3. Tattvabodhini Patrika, a journal o f the
organisation was started for the propagation of
ideas.
Paramhans Sabha
1. Established in 1849.
2. Founder was Dadoba Pandurang Tarkhadkar.
3. The first reform organisation of 19th century
Maharashtra.
Rajahmundary Social Reform Association
1. Founded by Viresalingam Pantulu in 1878.
Theosophical Society
2. Emphasized on promotion of widow remarriage.
1. Founded by H.P. Blavatasky in the USA in 1875.
Bombay Social Reform Association
2. Later the US Army colonel M.S. Olcott joined

it.
1. Founded by M.G. Ranade in 1903.
3. Headquarters shifted to India at Adya in 1882.
1. Foundation by Vishnu Shastri Pandit & M.G.

Ranade in 1861.
4. The society accepted the Hindu belief in reincarnation Karma and drew inspiration from
th e ph ilosophy of the upan ishads and
Samkhya, Yoga and Vedanta school of thought
to promote international brotherhood.
5. Mrs. Annie Besant joined it in 1893 & became
the President of this society in 1907.
6. She laid the foundation of the Central Hindu
College is Banaras in 1898 where both the
Hindu religion & western scientific were
taught, which later on rose into Benaras Hindu
University (1916).
Widow Marriage Association
Dharma Sabha
1. Founder by Radha Kant Deb in 1830.
2. Stood for socio-religious status quo.
3. Campaigned agaisnt abolition of Sati.
Gandiya Sabha
1. Founded by Radha Kant Deb.
Veda Samaj
1. Founder under the influence of Keshav
Chandra Sens visit to Madras.
Parmhans Mandali
2. Truned into Brahmo Samaj of Southern India

in 1871 by Sridhalu naidu.
1. Formed by Balakrishna Jayakar in 1850 in

Maharashtra.
Muslim Reforms-Organisations & Movements
Young Bengal Movement

1. Initiated by an Anglo-Indian teacher of the
Hindu College, Henry Vivian Derozio.
2. Derozio was a free thinker & a rationalist, who
helped to promote a radical and critical outlook
among his students.
Wahabi Movement
1. Started in Indian in 1821 under the leadership
of Sye d Ah med of Raibarai ly w ho w as
influenced by the teaching of the DelhiSaint
Shah Walliullah.
2. The main centre of this movement was at
Patna.
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3. Aimed at refromation of religious life and
restoration of political power of the Muslim
Community.
Farangi Mahal Movement
4. It was a kind of holy war.
Deoband Movement
5. Syed Ahmed was killed in the Battle of Balacot

in 1831.
6. Suppressed by the British in 1870s.
Ahmedia Movement / Quadiani Movement
1. Started in around 1899 at a town Quadiyan
under the leadership of Mirza Ghulam Ahmed
of Quadim (Gurudaspur, Punjab).
2. Aimed of restoration of the free and unpolluted
faith of Islam to the followers of the prophet.
Aligarh Movement
1. Famous traditional school at Farangi Mahal in

Lucknow.
1. It was anti-British movement started by Md.
Qasim Nanawatawi and Rashid Ahmed Gangohi
in 1867 at Deoband.
2. Aimed at upliftment of muslims through
religious education and resuscitate classical
Islam.
3. Welcomed the formation of Indian National
Congress in 1885.
4. Deoband Ulema issued Fatwa against S.A.
Khans organisation-
1. Started by Sayyaid Ahmed Khan in 1860s.
India United Patrotic Association
2. Based on the liberal interpretation of the Koran.
Muhammadan Anglo Oriental Defence

Association.
3. It aimed at spreading western and scientific

education among the Muslim masses.
4. Foundation of Scientific society in 1864 to
introduce the western sciences through urdu
translation.
5. Publishing of urdu journal Tahzib-Al-Akhlaq in
1870.
6. Establishment of Aligarh Anglo-Mohammadan
Oriental College in 1875.
7. Muh amadan A nglo -Ori ental Education
Conference was started in 1866 for promoting
western education among muslims.
8. S.A. Khan was in judicial service of the
company.
9. 1878 h e be came a member o f imperi al
Legislative Council.
Khaskar Movement
1. Started by Allam Mashirigi in 1931.
2. It was based on religious ideology of early Islam.
3. It was popular in Punjab, Sind etc.
Movement of Titu Mir
1. Started by Mir Nitha Ali / Ttu Mir, a desciple of
Syed Ahmed of Baraily in Bengal in 1820s.
2. It was independent off shoot of Wahabis.
3. It was against the customs and beliefs borrowed
from popular Hinduism.
4. It came in conflict withHindu landlords and
British Indigo planters and eventually with
British administration.
Farzi Movement
10. Work in 1860- The Loyal Muhammadans of

India.
1. Started by Hazi Shariatuitah in 1847 at

Faridpur *East Bengal).
11. Was given title of Knighthood in 1888.
2. It was the protest of the peasants against the

zamindars, govt. officials and British indigo
planters.
12. Opposed Ilbert Bill and said - Hindus and

Muslims are two eyes of India.
13. Founded Indian United Patriotic Association to
counter Congress.
Taayyuni Movement
14. Against the Indian National Congress withRaja

Shiv Prasad of Banaras.
2. It rejected introduction of new things in Islam.
15. Fou nded Muh ammadan Angl o-Oriental

Defence Association in 1890.
16. Persons associated with Aligarh Movementassociated with him - Altaf Hussain Hali,
Maulavi Nazir Ahmed, Maulavi Shibh Numani.
1. Started by Karmat Ali Jaunpuri.

Pagal Panthis Movement
1. Founded by Karam Shah in Bengal.
2. It was a semi-religious sect.
3. It took up the cause of the tenants against the
oppressions of the zamidars.
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Muslim Political & Nationalistic Organisations
2. Supported by the nationalist muslims within

the Congress, Jamayatal-ulema, Ahrar Party
etc.
was born in a Shudra Mali family in Poona in 1827.

Rejected the sacred Hindu texts and scriptures.
His main ideas on economics of the agrarian
classes was published in the pamphlet, Isara in
1885. Propagated his ideas through a journal Deen
Bandhu in Marathi, his book Gulamgiri (slavery)
and Setakaryancha Asuda (the whip-cord of the
peasantry). Opposed Indian National Congress, for
it failed to take up peasant problems. After the
death of Jyotibha Phule Satya Sahodhak was
revived by Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur,
Phule was the first Indian to start a school for
untouchables in 1854. He started a girl school in
Poona with his wife in 1851. It was anti-Brahmin
organisation.
3. It opposed the claim of Pakistan.
Justice Party
Krishak Praja Party
The founders were T.N. Nair, P. Tyagaraya Chetti

and C. Natesa Mudaliar. Founded in 1916 in
Madras. the real name was Indian Liberal
Federation. The initial demand of the Justice
Leaders was the reservation seats in the Provincial
Legislative Council. Later on, the demand was
extended to include concessions in education,
public appointments and nomination to local
boards. Social base was non-brahmin leading
zamindars and the urban business groups. It served
the political interests of feudal and commercial
classes. Vellals (Tamil) Reddis (Telegu) and
Kammas (Telugu) constituted the movement.
Arhar Movement
1. Started by the youn muslim nationalists Md.
Ali, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Mazhar-ul-Haq, Zafar
Ali Khan in 1890 in Punjab.
2. It was against loyalist politics of Aligarh school
and was inspired by the modern idea of selfgovernment.
Azad Muslim Conference
1. Founded by Allah Bux in 1940.
1. Founded by Fazlul Haq in Bengal in 1929.

2. It was a muslim peasntry party.
Khudai Khidmatgar
1. Also known as Red Shirt Movement.
2. Started by Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan in 1030 in
North-West frontier province.
3. It was nationalist pro-congress organisation.
4. In Baluchistan the nationlist muslims were
organised into Watan Party.
5. It started no-rent campaign during civildi sbedience Mo veme nt o n Gandhi an
methodology.
Khilafat Movement
1. Started in 1919 by Hakim Ajmal Khan, Hasrat
Mohani, the Ali brothers and Maulana Azad.
2. Initially it was religious in spirit but later on
assumed political complexion and lined with
Indian Freedom Struggle.
3. A protest movement against the humilation of
the calipha.
Watan Party
1. Foun ded in Baluchistan by Nationalist
Muslims.
2. Its attitude was pro-congress.
Harijan Upliftment-Organisations & Movements
Satya Shodhak Samaj
Started by Jyotibha Govindrao Phule in 1875. It
aimed at fighting against Brahminism and its
ideology. It criticized idolatry, and priesthood,
theory of karma, rebirth and heaven. Jotiba Phule
Self Respect Movement

It was started by E.V. Ramaswami Neicker who was
popularly known as Periyar. He advocated the
burning of Manu Dharma Shastras and Ramayana.
Abandon ed H indu mytholo gy. Vehe mently
supported the Harijans and became a hero of
satyagraha at Vaikom, Kerala started his paper,
Kudi Arasu in 1925 & turned into a radical social
reformer attacked religion and the supremacy of
the Brahmin s an d th e caste system and
emphasized on the issue of widow marriage and
birth control. Self respect League was merged with
Justice Party in 1944 to from Dravida Kazhagam.
Sri Narayan Dharma Paripalana Yogan
Founded in 1902 in Kerala. Founder was Nanu Asan
popularly known as Narayan Guru. Aimed at
assertion of rights for Ezhawas. Temple - entry was
the main programme. His gospel was-one caste,
one religion, one god.
All India Depressed Classes Federation
Founded by Dr. Ambedkar in 1920 for the Maharas
of Maharashtra. Bahiskrit Bharat Movement was
also started by him.
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Harijan Sevak Sangh
Foun ded by Gandh i in 1932. H e gave the
untouchables the name Harijan. He started a
magazine (1933). Its aim was to work for their
upliftment.
Establ ishe d fi rst

University in 1916.
Indi an
Women s
10. Mutthu Lakshmi Reddi opposed Devdasi

System.
Vaikom Satyagraha (Kerala, 1924-25)
Made efforts in passign the Act for Traffic

in minor in 1916.
It was led by T.K. Madhavan, K. Kellapan & Keshava

Menon. It was the first organized temple entry
movement of the depressed classed. They asserted
along Gandhian lines lines the right of Ezhavas &
other untouchable to use the road near Travancore
temple.
11. Rai Sahib Harbilas Sharda moved a bill for

increasing the age for marriage.
Mahad Satyagraha (Maharashtra 1927)
12. Lady Hardinge Medical College was established

in 1916.
It was led by Ambedkar. Ambedkar demanded the

right of the Maharas to use tanks and temples &
abolition of Mahars traditional service to village
chiefs.
Efforts for Upliftment of Women
1. Infanticide was abolished by Bengal Regulation
Act, 1795.
2. Infanticide was abolished by Wellesely in 1802.
3. Sati was abolished in 1829 by the efforts of Raja
Ram Mohan Roy.
4. Vidyasagar opened a school for women and
made efforts in passing the Hindu Widow
Remarriage Act 1856.
5. Virsalingam emphasized on the education for
women
He also laid emphasis on the right of widow

to remarry.
He established Rajah Mundry Social

Reform Association in 1878.
He published a journal Vivek Vardhani.
6. Widow Marriage Association was established

in 1861 by Ranade and Vishnu Shastri Pandit.
7. Behramji Malabari made efforts in passing of
the Age of Consent Act in 1891. By this act the
age of a girl for marriage was increased from
10 to 12 years.
8. Ramabai worked for the education and rights
of the women.
She founded Arya Mahila Samaj.
She made first attempt to educate widow

and for this purpose established Sharda
Sadan at Bombay.
9. Dhondo Keshav Karve made efforts for the

education of women and widow remarriage.
a. In 1929 sharda Act was passed.
b. The age of marriage for a boy increased

to 18 years and a girl 14 years by this Act.
13. All India Muslim Ladies Conference held in

1914.
14. Sartadevi Chaudharani founded Bharat Stri
Mahamandal at Allahabad in 1910.
It was the first permanent association for

the women.
15. John Filliot Drink Water Bethune founded

Bethune School in 1849.
16. An Irish, Theopist, Dorothy Raj a Dasa
established the Indian Womens Association in
1915 under the presidentship to Anie Besant.
Started a Journal stri Dharma.
17. By the efforts of Margaret Cousin, All India

Womens conference held at Puna in 1927.
She started a Journal Roshni.
18. All India Muslim Ladies Conference held in

1924.
Social Legislations in Moderns India
1795
Abollitionof infanticide by Bengal

Regulation
1802
Abolition of infanticide by Lord

Wellesly.
1811
Abo liti on o f sl avery un der

Reg ulation
X
by
Ben gal
Government.
1829
Abolition of sati by Lord William

Bentick (under Regulation XVII).
Pioneering efforts in this direction
were made by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
1831-37
Abo litio n of Thug i by Will iam

Be ntick operation by Willi am
Sleeman
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1832
Abo liti on o f sl avery

Regulation of III
1843
Abolition of slave ry by Lo rd
Ellenborough
1856
Approval of widow remarriage by

Hndu Widows Remarriage Act by
the efforts of Ishwar Chandra
Vidyasagar.
In itiated Lan ger - Free

kitchen mai ntai ned by
voluntary offerings.
Introduced many inovation

whi ch l ater hel ped in
emergence of Sikh
Church.
Had a tank dug at the site

granted to his
1872
1891
1929
un der
Ban ning of chil d marriage,

polygamy & approval of intercaste
marriage & widow remarriage by
Native marriage Act.
Age of marriage for girls w as
increased to 12 years by Age of
Con sent Act by the effo rts of
Behramji Malabari.
The age of marriage was increased
to 18 years in the case of Boys and
14 years in the case of girls by Child
Marriage Restraint Act commonly
known as Sharda Act.
(1552-1574)
Ramdas
maintain the cohesion of the

community.
(1574-1851)
Arjun
wife by Akbar
Founded Amritsar
During
his
succession
hereditary.
Fo unde d Harman dir at

Amritsar (Golden
(1581-1606)
peri od
became
temple
1931
Banning of child marriage by Infant

Prevention Act.
Composed Gurugranth Sahib

(Adigranth)
1937
Right to property given to women.
Prosecuted byJehangir on
the pre text of Khusrav
Rebellion
Organi sed col lection of

spiritual tribute by agents
called Mazands
Hargovind
Introduce Militarncy
(1606-1645)
Enlisted a body of Troops
Built Akal Takht (Throne of

Almighty)
Fortified Amritsar
Was taken to Delh i,

imprisoned at Gwalior put
and released in 1611.
Defeated the imperial forces

at Songrama in 1628.
Shi fted headquarter to

Kiratpur
Har Rai Blessed Dara Shikoh
Sent his son Ram Raj to

Delhi to represent him when
Aurangzeb called upon him
Har Kisan
Settled at Anandpur
Tegbahadur
Prosecuted by Aurangzeb
Sikkhism
Rise & development of Sikhism
Sikhs
Nanaks disciples called

themselves, denved from the
sanskrit
w ord
Sisya
(desciple) or path Sikha
(instruction).
Nanak (1469-
Founder of Sikhism
1539)
Born at Talwandi
Mystic of Nirguna school
Appoin ted Lehans w ho

succeeded h im as Guru
Angad
In vented
n ew
Gurumukhi
Also known as Lehana.
Divided the sikh spiritual

empire into 22 Parishes or
Manjis or Gadiyan.
Angad
Amardas
scri pt
Started col lecting and

compling Nanaks hymns
Introduced features which

served to
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(1664-1675)
accompanied the Mughal in

Assam
resiste d
de ligi ons
intolerance of Aurangzeb by
encouraging brahmanas of
Kashmir
Kapur S ingh org anised

independent James intome
army called Dal Khalsa
under Jassa Singh
Sikhs strucked first coinin

1764 thereby signifying their
sovereign power.
Govind Singh
Started Khalsa (1659)
(1675-1708)
Introduced two titles Singh

and Kaur
Sikh Reforms - Organisations & Movements
Introduced Panj Piyare (Five

beloved ones)
1. Baba Dayal Das was the first among the

reformers in Sikh religion.
Put stress on self reliance
Namdhari Movement
Introduced Panj Kakke (Five

ks) - Kesa, Kancha, Kara,
Kirpan, Kangha
Called Sachha Badshah
Compiled Deswan Padshah

ka Granth
Introdu ced a ne w ri te
Pahul
Suppressed organisation of
th e Masands w ho h ad
become corrupt
Said about Khalsa-Khalsa is

the Guru and Guru is me
Khalsa
Nirankari Movement
Popularly known as Kuka Movement because of

the followes resorting to shricks (Kukan) while in
ecstasy.
Started by Bhagat Jawahar Mal and Baba Balak
Singh.
Singh Sabha Movement
1. Started in 1873 in Amritsar
2. Aimed at social and religious reform through
the spread of education.
3. Khalsa College was founded at Amritsar in
1892.
Akali Movement
1. Started by the sikh reformers to purify their
religious places y removal of the evil social
practices.
Defeated by the hill chiets in

which he lost two sons-Ajit
Singh and Juhar Singh
De feated Wazir Khan,

governor of Sirhind
Se rved Mug hals under

Bahadur Shah to Deccan
Killed by a Pathan at Nanded

on the Godavari river.
Introduced Panj Piyare (Five

beloved ones)
Banda
Real Name Lachman Das
Servants of India Society
Bahadur
Abolished Zamindari
1. Founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhle in 1905.
Defeated Wazir Khan and

sacked Sirhind
2. Started many welfare programmes.
Established himself at hill

fort of Lohgarh
Captured by Adus Samad

Khan governor of Lahore and
put to death in Delhi in 1716
by Farrukhsiyar
2. Akali reformers had to take control of the

important shrines the Golden Temple and Akal
Takht because of the misuse of temple
premises by anti social corrupt elements and
the ban on the entry of low caste people in the
holy shrines.
3. Resulted in the passing of the All-India Sikhs
Gurudwara Act in 1925.
Social & Political Organisations
3. Aimed at training the National missionaries

for the free service of India.
Social Service League
1. Founded by Narayan Malhar Joshi in Bombay.
2. Secured the masses better & resonable
conditions of life and work.
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Seve Samiti
9. School at Calcutta 1830 By Alexander duff
1. Founded by Hirday Nath Kunzru in 1914 at

Allahabad.
10. Moh. Anglo-Orien- 1875 By Saiyed Ahmed

tal College at Aligarh
Khan
2. The main aim was promotion of education,

sanitation and cleanliness.
11. a. Bethune
School
Parasi Reforms - Organisation & Movement
1849 By John Elliot

Drinkwater
Bethune
By Dalhausie
Rehnumai Mazadayasan Sabha
b. To Promote
female education
1. Started by Furdonji, Dadabhai Naoroji and S.S.

Bangalee in 1859.
c. He was President of Council of Education
2. It stood for the modernisation of Parsi religion

and social customs.
3. It launched a struggle for the introduction and
spread of education among women, and grant
of a legal status to them.
4. Also struggled for uniform laws of inheritance
and marriage for the Parsi community.
Individual Efforts in the Development of
Education
1. Calcutta Madarasa
1781
By Warren
Hastings
2. Asiatic Society of
Bengal
1784
By William
Jones
3. Sanskrit College at
Banaras
1791
By Jonathan
Duncan
4. Fort William College at Calcutta to train Civil

Servants William carey as teacher of Sanskrit
& Bengali.
1800
By Lord
Wellesely
5. Hindu College at Calcutta
1817 By raj aram Moh an
Ro y, D avi d Hare
(Watch Maker) &
Edward Hyde East
(Chief
Ju stice,
Supreme Court)
13. Dayanand Anglo-Vedic College at Lahore 1986

14. Central Hindu
1898 By Madan Mohan
School at Banaras
Malviya
15. Banaras Hindu
University
1916 By Gandhi
16. a. Wardha
Scheme
1937 By Gandhi
b. Gandhi proposed this idea in Harijan

c. Committee for this purpose headed
by Zakir Hussain
d. Emphasized on free & compulsory education
till 7 years., vocational education, mother
tongue and manual productive work
17. Asiatic Society
of Bengal
1784 By Willaim Jones
18. Charles Wilkin, 1785

a merchant in E.I.C. translated Bhagwat Gita
19. Charles Wilkin, 1787
translated Hitopadesh
20. William Jones, translated Shakuntala, Gita
Govinda and Govinda and Manusamhita
21. Works on Sanskrit grammer and the Vedas by
enry Thomas Colebrook
22. Horace Hayman Wilson translated Meghduta
23. James Princep, 1837
deciphered Ashokan Edicts
School Book Society by David Hare, Louis

founded in 1817
Derozio & H.H. Wilson
School at Suripara at by Raja Ram Mohan
Calcutta founded
Roy for promoting
english education
6. Anglo-Hindu
School
1822 By Rajaram
Mohan Roy
7. Vedanta College
1825 By Rajaram Mohan

Roy
8. Elphinston College 1827 By Montstuart

at Bombay
Eliphinston
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Political Social and Religious Reforms Organization and Movement

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Political Social and Religious Reforms Organization and Movement

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POLITICAL, SOCIAL & RELIGIOUS

He condemned idol worship, discouraged

8. Keshab Chandra Sen joined the Brahmo Samaj

Brahmo Samaj of India led by Keshab

Adi Brahmo Samaj led by Devendranath

12. Second split in Brahmo Samaj of India in 1878.

Church of the New Dispensation

Sadharan Brahmo was Samaj led by

13. Raja Ram Mohan Roy established Atmiya Sabha

14. Raja Ram Mohan Roy also gave opinion on

1. Founded by Raja Ram Mohan Rao in 1828.

2. Con demne d ido latry , caste sy stem and

1. Inaugrated by Swami Vivekanand (originally

3. Started a campaign for the abolition of sati,

2. Ramkrishna Math was founded in 1997 as a

5. Established Vedant College in 1825.

5. Opposed untouchability and caste system.

6. He was the initiator of public agitation on

6. Condemned touch me not attitude of Hindus

7. Devendranath Tagore Brahmo Samaj in 1842.

7. Attended Parliament of Religion at Chicago

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Him I call a Mahatma whose heart bleeds

9. Ram Kri shna Paramhansa Guru of

3. He was dismissed from the Hindu College in

2. Emphasized on promotion of widow remarriage.

1. Founded by H.P. Blavatasky in the USA in 1875.

Bombay Social Reform Association

2. Later the US Army colonel M.S. Olcott joined

1. Founded by M.G. Ranade in 1903.

3. Headquarters shifted to India at Adya in 1882.

1. Foundation by Vishnu Shastri Pandit & M.G.

Widow Marriage Association

2. Truned into Brahmo Samaj of Southern India

1. Formed by Balakrishna Jayakar in 1850 in

Muslim Reforms-Organisations & Movements

Young Bengal Movement

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Farangi Mahal Movement

4. It was a kind of holy war.

5. Syed Ahmed was killed in the Battle of Balacot

1. Famous traditional school at Farangi Mahal in

1. Started by Sayyaid Ahmed Khan in 1860s.

India United Patrotic Association

2. Based on the liberal interpretation of the Koran.

Muhammadan Anglo Oriental Defence

3. It aimed at spreading western and scientific

10. Work in 1860- The Loyal Muhammadans of

1. Started by Hazi Shariatuitah in 1847 at

11. Was given title of Knighthood in 1888.

2. It was the protest of the peasants against the

12. Opposed Ilbert Bill and said - Hindus and

14. Against the Indian National Congress withRaja

2. It rejected introduction of new things in Islam.

15. Fou nded Muh ammadan Angl o-Oriental

1. Started by Karmat Ali Jaunpuri.

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2. Supported by the nationalist muslims within

was born in a Shudra Mali family in Poona in 1827.

3. It opposed the claim of Pakistan.

Krishak Praja Party

The founders were T.N. Nair, P. Tyagaraya Chetti