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Importing and preparing a Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+ image in

ArcGIS
Aim: To import and prepare an image into ArcGIS
Imagery: individual bands of a Landsat MSS, TM or ETM+ scene in .tif format that covers
Coventry
Files: to be decided by you
Data path: to be decided by you
Time: 60 minutes

Sourcing data
There are several online archives of Landsat MSS, TM and ETM+ data. Widely used sources of
data are listed in the table.
URL

EO data

Landmap

www.landmap.ac.uk

TopSat, SPOT, Landsat 4/5 TM and Landsat 7


ETM+ for use by UK HE

GLCF ESDI

http://glcfapp.glcf.umd.ed extensive range of EO data and products acquired


u:8080/esdi/index.jsp
by US EO missions

GLOVIS

glovis.usgs.gov/

A quick and easy way to browse through selected


satellite imagery stored in EarthExplorer

EarthExplorer

earthexplorer.usgs.gov

most extensive range of EO data and products


acquired by US EO missions

IMHO EarthExplorer is one of the easiest archives to work with.


Data are downloaded one band at a time which means that (I) you can select the most relevant
bands to download and (ii) you need to stack those bands into a multispectral stack before you
process them.
Search EarthExplorer for recent Landsat scenes of Coventry
> locate the city centre as the focus for your search
> limit your search to the period since 1 January 2000
> select Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 TM data sets (L4-5 TM) in the Landsat Archive
> Generate results
How many images have been stored?
What is the date of the most recent image in the archive? What is the pattern of cloud cover in that
image? Does it obscure Coventry?
Select a recent cloud-free scene of Coventry.
Download the data. This is likely to be a large file and may take some time to download.
Unzip the file and save the individual bands in your chosen data path.

Image preparation
Launch ArcMap.
Add a basemap consisting of Open Street Map to ArcMap. Zoom to Coventry so that you can
orientate yourself later in the exercise.
Connect to your folder and Add the Landsat data to your map. You will have to Add each band
separately (unless you create a new Group Layer) which is time consuming and limits the image
processing that you can perform. A multispectral composite is a more efficient format for handling
EO data.
Create a composite of the visible, near- and shortwave-infrared bands using the Composite bands
tool.
> Geoprocessing
> ArcGIS Toolbox
> Data Management Tools
> Raster
> Raster Processing
> Composite bands
Save the composite as a .tif file.
The Landsat image covers 185 km by 185 km which means that processing the whole image is
wasteful of computing resources.
Create a subscene of Coventry by clipping the image. The most intuitive way to do this is in Image
Analysis. Add the composite image to ArcMap and open Image Analysis. Zoom to the area of
interest. Highlight the composite image in Image Analysis to make it the active layer and then use
Clip from the Processing tools at the bottom of the panel.
The clipped image is only stored in temporary memory so you need to save the subscene.
Right-click on the subscene in the Table of Contents
> Data
> Export Data
> Extent is set as the Data Frame
> Spatial Reference is the Original
> Location is the folder
> Name the file

Image display
You can now display the subscene as a multiband composite and optimise its' appearance using
Properties > Symbology.
A monitor has 3 colour guns (RGB). You can display one waveband of data through each colour
gun to create a colour composite. Widely used colour composites are:
True colour 321: TM3 through Red, TM2 through Green, TM1 through Blue colour guns
False colour 432(classic): TM4 through Red, TM3 through Green, TM2 through Blue colour guns
False colour 453(my favorite): TM4 through Red, TM5 through Green, TM3 through Blue coliur
guns

Which combination of bands best discriminates (i) water bodies, (ii) agricultural fields, (iii) green
space in urban areas?

Answers to Questions in Text


1. How many Landsat 4-5 TM images of Coventry are stored in EarthExplorer?
8 pages
2.
What is the date of the most recent image in the archive?
?? October 2011.
This is probably the last TM scene of Coventry as Landsat-5 TM was suspended in November
2011.
3.

What is the pattern of cloud cover in that image? Does it obscure Coventry?

4.
Which combination of bands best discriminates:
(i) water bodies TM 432 or TM 453
(ii) agricultural fields TM 453
(iii) green space in urban areas - ???

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