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Title: Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles
A First Latin Reader
Author: Various
Editor: John Kirtland
Posting Date: February 24, 2015 [EBook #8997]
Release Date: September, 2005
First Posted: August 31, 2003
Language: English
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RITCHIE'S FABULAE FACILES

A FIRST LATIN READER
_EDITED WITH NOTES AND A VOCABULARY_
BY
JOHN COPELAND KIRTLAND, Jr.
_Professor of Latin in The Phillips Exeter Academy_

THE LITTLE THAT IS MINE IN THIS LITTLE BOOK I GRATEFULLY DEDICATE TO

PROFESSOR JOSEPH HETHERINGTON M'DANIELS TEACHER AND FRIEND

PREFACE

Some time ago a fellow-teacher brought the _Fabulae Faciles_ to my

notice, and I have since used two of them each year with my class of
beginners in Latin with increasing appreciation. Indeed, I know nothing
better to introduce the student into the reading of connected narrative,
and to bridge the great gulf between the beginner's book of the
prevailing type and the Latinity of Caesar or Nepos. They are adapted to
this use not merely by reason of their simplicity and interest, but more
particularly by the graduating of difficulties and the large use of
Caesarian words and phrases to which Mr. Ritchie calls attention in his
preface.
Doubtless many American teachers have become familiar with portions of
the _Fabulae_, for they have been freely drawn upon in several Latin
readers recently published in this country. I venture to hope that those
who have made the acquaintance of the work in this way will welcome a
complete edition.
In England the little book has had a large use. Its pedagogical
excellencies are well summed up in a letter addressed to Mr. Ritchie by
the Very Rev. E.C. Wickham, formerly Head-Master of Wellington College,
the well-known editor of Horace:-"It launches the student at once in ancient life. The old classical
stories, simply told, seem to me much the best material for early Latin
reading. They are abundantly interesting; they are taken for granted in
the real literature of the language; and they can be told without
starting the beginner on a wrong track by a barbarous mixture of ancient
and modern ideas.
"It combines, if I may say so, very skilfully, the interest of a
continuous story, with the gradual and progressive introduction of
constructions and idioms. These seem to me to be introduced at the right
moment, and to be played upon long enough to make them thoroughly
familiar."
In revising Mr. Ritchie's book for the use of American schools it has
seemed best to make extensive changes. Long vowels have been marked
throughout, and the orthography of Latin words has been brought into
conformity with our practice. Many liberties have been taken with the
text itself, especially in the latter part, in the way of making it
approximate more closely to our rather strict notions of the standards of
model prose. A few words and uses of words not found in the prose writers
of the republic have been retained, but nothing, it is hoped, that will
seriously mislead the young student. I shall welcome any criticism that
may lead to further changes in the text in future editions.
The notes are entirely new, and are intended for students who have but
just finished the beginner's book or have not yet finished it. Some notes
may appear at first sight unnecessary or unnecessarily hard, but the
reason for their insertion should be evident when the student begins the
reading of classical Latin, the difficulties of which will be less likely
to appal the beginner if some of them have been already conquered. I
believe it a mistake to postpone all treatment of the uses of the
subjunctive, for instance, or of the constructions of indirect discourse
until the study of Nepos or Caesar is begun. Besides, it is easier to
neglect notes than to supply them, and the teacher who prefers to do the
first reading without much attention to the more difficult constructions
will only need to tell his students to disregard certain of my notes--or

all of them.
There are no references to the grammars, but syntax has been given such
treatment as seemed needed to supplement its treatment in the beginner's
book. Teachers will therefore be able to postpone the use of a formal
manual of grammar, if they so desire. Those who wish their classes to
begin the reading of Latin at the earliest possible moment will find it
feasible to use this book as soon as the inflections and the more
elementary principles of syntax have been mastered.
In the vocabulary, the derivation or composition and the original meaning
of words have been indicated wherever these seemed likely to prove
helpful. Principal parts and genitives have been given in such a way as
to prevent misunderstanding, and at the same time emphasize the
composition of the verb or the suffix of the noun: for example, _abscd,
-cdere, -cd, -csus; aets, -ttis_.
The lists of works of English literature and of art in which the myths
are treated are only suggestive. Occasional readings from the one and
exhibitions of representations of the other, either in the form of
photographs or by the stereopticon, will not only stimulate interest in
the Latin text but aid also in creating in the student a taste for
literature and for art.
I planned at first to add some exercises for retranslation, but after
careful consideration it has seemed not worth while. Most teachers will
prefer not to base composition upon the Latin read at this stage, and
those who wish to do so will find it an easy matter to prepare their own
exercises, or can draw upon the copious exercises prepared by Mr. Ritchie
and published separately under the title _Imitative Exercises in Easy
Latin Prose_.
In the reading of proof I have had generous help from Dr. F.K. Ball of
The Phillips Exeter Academy, Mr. J.C. Flood of St. Mark's School, and Mr.
A.T. Dudley of Noble and Greenough's School, Boston. The proof-sheets
have been used with the beginner's class in this Academy, and I have thus
been able to profit by the criticism of my associate Mr. G.B. Rogers, and
to test the work myself. The assistance of my wife has greatly lightened
the labor of verifying the vocabulary.
JOHN C. KIRTLAND, Jr.
EXETER, N.H., 7 March, 1903.

CONTENTS
THE MYTHS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE.
THE MYTHS IN ART.
INTRODUCTORY NOTE.
PERSEUS.
HERCULES.
THE ARGONAUTS.
ULYSSES.
NOTES.
VOCABULARY.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
THE CARPENTER SHUTTING UP DANAE AND PERSEUS IN THE ARK AT THE COMMAND
OF ACRISIUS (Vase-painting)
HERCULES, NESSUS, AND DEJANIRA (Pompeian Wall-painting)
MEDEA MEDITATING THE MURDER OF HER SONS (Pompeian Wall-painting)
ULYSSES AND CIRCE (Roman Relief)

THE MYTHS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE

PERSEUS
Hawthorne, _A Wonder-Book: The Gorgon's Head_.
Kingsley, _The Heroes: Perseus_.
Cox, _Tales of Ancient Greece: Medusa, Danae, Perseus, Andromeda,
Akrisios_.
Francillon, _Gods and Heroes: The Adventures of Perseus_.
Kingsley, _Andromeda_.
William Morris, _The Earthly Paradise: The Doom of King Acrisius_.
Lewis Morris, _The Epic of Hades: Andromeda_.
Dowden, _Andromeda_.
Shelley, _On the Medusa of Leonardo da Vinci_.
D. G. Rossetti, _Aspecta Medusa_.
HERCULES
Hawthorne, _A Wonder-Book: The Three Golden Apples_.
Cox, _Tales of Ancient Greece: The Toils of Herakles_.
Francillon, _Gods and Heroes: The Hero of Heroes_.
William Morris, _The Earthly Paradise: The Golden Apples_.
Lewis Morris, _The Epic of Hades: Deianeira_.
Lang's translation of Theocritus, _Idyls_ xxiv, xxv.
THE ARGONAUTS
Apollonius of Rhodes, _The Tale of the Argonauts_, translated by Way.
D.O.S. Lowell, _Jason's Quest_.
Hawthorne, _Tanglewood Tales: The Golden Fleece_.
Kingsley, _The Heroes: The Argonauts_.
Cox, _Tales of Ancient Greece: Phrixos and Helle, Medeia_.
Church, _Heroes and Kings: The Story of the Ship Argo_.
Francillon, _Gods and Heroes: The Golden Fleece_.
William Morris, _The Life and Death of Jason_.
Bayard Taylor, _Hylas_.
John Dyer, _The Fleece_.
Lang's translation of Theocritus, several of the _Idyls_.
ULYSSES
Homer, _The Odyssey_, translated by Bryant (verse), William Morris
(verse), Palmer (prose), Butcher and Lang (prose).
Lamb, _The Adventures of Ulysses_.

Hawthorne, _Tanglewood Tales: Circe's Palace_.

Cox, _Tales of Ancient Greece: The Lotos-Eaters, Odysseus and Polyphemos,
Odysseus and Kirk_.
Church, _Stories from Homer: The Cyclops, The Island of Aeolus, Circ_.
Tennyson, _The Lotos-Eaters_.
Matthew Arnold, _The Strayed Reveler_.
Dobson, _The Prayer of the Swine to Circe_.

THE MYTHS IN ART

Burne-Jones, _Perseus and the Graeae_.
Caravaggio, _Head of Medusa_.
Leonardo da Vinci, _Head of Medusa_.
Canova, _Perseus_.
Benvenuto Cellini, _Perseus_, and _Perseus saving Andromeda_.
Piero di Cosimo, _Perseus and Andromeda_.
Charles Antoine Coypel, _Perseus and Andromeda_.
Domenichino, _Perseus and Andromeda_.
Rubens, _Perseus and Andromeda_.
Giovanni da Bologna, _Hercules and the Centaur_.
Bandinelli, _Hercules and Cacus_.
Guido Reni, _Dejanira and the Centaur Nessus_.
Canova, _Hercules and Lichas_.
Sichel, _Medea_.
Genelli, _Jason and Medea capturing the Golden Fleece_.
Burne-Jones, _Circe_.
L. Chalon, _Circe and the Companions of Ulysses_.
Rivire, _Circe and the Companions of Ulysses_.
Photographs and lantern-slides of all the works mentioned above may be
obtained of the Soule Art Company, Boston. The list might have been made
much longer, but it seemed likely to prove most helpful if limited to
works of which reproductions are so easily obtainable. For the treatment
of the myths in ancient art, the teacher is referred to the numerous
pertinent illustrations in Baumeister's _Denkmler des klassischen
Altertums_, or the same editor's _Bilder aus dem griechischen und
rmischen Altertum fr Schler_, the latter of which contains the cuts of
the larger work, and is so cheap and so useful that it ought to lie on
the desk of every teacher of Greek or Latin.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE
The _Fabulae Faciles_, or 'Easy Stories.' are four Greek myths retold in
Latin, not by a Roman writer, however, but by an Englishman, who believed
that they would afford interesting and pleasant reading for young folks
who were just beginning the study of the Latin language. By myth is meant
an imaginative tale that has been handed down by tradition from remote
antiquity concerning supernatural beings and events. Such tales are
common among all primitive peoples, and are by them accepted as true.
They owe their origin to no single author, but grow up as the untutored
imagination strives to explain to itself the operations of nature and the
mysteries of life, or amuses itself with stories of the brave exploits of

heroic ancestors.
The most beautiful and delightful of all myths are those that have come
down to us in the remains of the literature and the art of ancient Greece
and Rome; they are also the most important to us, for many of the great
masterpieces of English literature and of modern art have been inspired
by them and cannot be understood and appreciated by one ignorant of
classical mythology.
Of this mythology the _Fabulae Faciles_ give but a small part. If you
wish to know more of the subject, you should read Gayley's _The Classic
Myths in English Literature_, Guerber's _Myths of Greece and Rome_, or
the books by Kingsiey, Cox, Church, and Francillon mentioned earlier.

PERSEUS
_Acrisius, an ancient king of Argos, had been warned by an oracle that he
should perish by the hand of his grandson. On discovering, therefore,
that his daughter Danae had given birth to a son, Acrisius endeavored to
escape his fate by setting both mother and child adrift on the sea. They
were saved, however, by the help of Jupiter; and Perseus, the child, grew
up at the court of Polydectes, king of Seriphos, an island in the Aegean
Sea. On reaching manhood, Perseus was sent by Polydectes to fetch the
head of Medusa, one of the Gorgons. This dangerous task he accomplished
with the help of Apollo and Minerva, and on his way home he rescued
Andromeda, daughter of Cepheus, from a sea-monster. Perseus then married
Andromeda, and lived some time in the country of Cepheus. At length he
returned to Serphos, and turned Polydectes to stone by showing him the
Gorgon's head; he then went to the court of Acrisius, who fled in terror
at the news of his grandson's return. The oracle was duly fulfilled, for
Acrisius was accidentally killed by a quoit thrown by Perseus_.
1. _THE ARK_
Haec nrrantur pots d Perse. Perseus flius erat Iovis, mxim
derum; avus ius Acrisius appellbtur. Acrisius volbat Perseum neptem
suum necre; nam propter rculum puerum timbat. Comprehendit igitur
Perseum adhc infantem, et cum mtre in arc lgne inclsit. Tum arcam
ipsam in mare conicit. Dana, Perse mter, mgnopere territa est;
tempests enim mgna mare turbbat. Perseus autem in sin mtris
dormibat.
2. _JUPITER SAVES HIS SON_
Iuppiter tamen haec omnia vdit, et flium suum servre cnstituit.
Tranquillum igitur fcit mare, et arcam ad nsulam Serphum perdxit.
Hius nsulae Polydects tum rx erat. Postquam arca ad ltus appulsa
est, Dana in harn quitem capibat. Post breve tempus pisctre
qudam reperta est, et ad domum rgis Polydectis adducta est. Ille mtrem
et puerum bengn excpit, et is sdem ttam in fnibus sus dedit.
Dana hc dnum libenter accpit, et pr tant benefici rg grtis
git.
3. _PERSEUS IS SENT ON HIS TRAVELS_

Perseus igitur mults anns ibi habitbat, et cum mtre su vtam betam
agbat. At Polydects Danan mgnopere ambat, atque eam in mtrimnium
dcere volbat. Hc tamen cnsilium Perse minim grtum erat. Polydects
igitur Perseum dmittere cnstituit. Tum iuvenem ad s vocvit et haec
dxit: "Turpe est hanc gnvam vtam agere; iam ddum t adulscns es.
Qu sque hc manbis? Tempus est arma capere et virttem praestre. Hinc
ab, et caput Medsae mihi refer."
4. _PERSEUS GETS HIS OUTFIT_
Perseus ubi haec audvit, ex nsul discessit, et postquam ad continentem
vnit, Medsam quaesvit. Di frstr quaerbat; namque ntram loc
gnrbat. Tandem Apoll et Minerva viam dmnstrvrunt. Prmum ad
Graes, sorrs Medsae, pervnit. Ab hs tlria et galeam magicam
accpit. Apoll autem et Minerva falcem et speculum dedrunt. Tum
postquam tlria pedibus induit, in era ascendit. Di per cra volbat;
tandem tamen ad eum locum vnit ubi Medsa cum cters Gorgonibus
habitbat. Gorgons autem mnstra erant speci horribil; capita enim
erum anguibus omnn contcta erant. Mans etiam ex aere factae erant.
5. _THE GORGON'S HEAD_
Rs difficillima erat caput Gorgonis abscdere; ius enim cnspect
homines in saxum vertbantur. Propter hanc causam Minerva speculum Perse
dederat. Ille igitur tergum vertit, et in speculum nspicibat; hc mod
ad locum vnit ubi Medsa dormibat. Tum falce su caput ius n ct
abscdit. Cterae Gorgons statim somn excittae sunt, et ubi rem
vdrunt, r commtae sunt. Arma rapurunt, et Perseum occdere
volbant. Ille autem dum fugit, galeam magicam induit; et ubi hc fcit,
statim cnspect erum vsit.
6. _THE SEA-SERPENT_
Post haec Perseus in fns Aethiopum vnit. Ibi Cpheus qudam ill
tempore rgnbat. Hc Neptnum, maris deum, lim offenderat; Neptnus
autem mnstrum saevissimum mserat. Hc cottdi mar venibat et
homins dvorbat. Ob hanc causam pavor anims omnium occupverat.
Cpheus igitur rculum de Hammnis cnsuluit, atque de issus est
fliam mnstr trdere. ius autem flia, nomine Andromeda, virg
frmsissima erat. Cpheus ubi haec audvit, mgnum dolrem percpit.
Volbat tamen cvs sus tant percul extrahere, atque ob eam causam
imperta Hammnis facere cnstituit.
7. _A HUMAN SACRIFICE_
Tum rx diem certam dxit et omnia parvit. Ubi ea dis vnit, Andromeda
ad ltus dducta est, et in cnspect omnium ad rpem adligta est. Omns
ftum ius dplrbant, nec lacrims tenbant. At subit, dum mnstrum
exspectant, Perseus accurrit; et ubi lacrims vdit, causam dolris
quaerit. Ill rem ttam expnunt et puellam dmnstrant. Dum haec
geruntur, fremitus terribilis audtur; simul mnstrum horribil speci
procul cnspicitur. ius cnspectus timrem mximum omnibus inicit.
Mnstrum mgn celeritte ad ltus contendit, iamque ad locum
appropinqubat ubi puella stbat.
8. _THE RESCUE_
At Perseus ubi haec vdit, gladium suum dxit, et postquam tlria
induit, in era subltus est. Tum dsuper in mnstrum impetum subit
fcit, et gladi su collum ius graviter vulnervit. Mnstrum ubi snsit

vulnus, fremitum horribilem didit, et sine mor ttum corpus in aquam

mersit. Perseus dum circum ltus volat, reditum ius exspectbat. Mare
autem intere undique sanguine nficitur. Post breve tempus blua rrsus
caput sustulit; mox tamen Perse ct gravire vulnerta est. Tum
iterum s in unds mersit, neque poste vsa est.
9. _THE REWARD OF VALOR_
Perseus postquam ad ltus dscendit, prmum tlria exuit; tum ad rpem
vnit ubi Andromeda vincta erat. Ea autem omnem spem saltis dposuerat,
et ubi Perseus adiit, terrre paene exanimta erat. Ille vncula statim
solvit, et puellam patr reddidit. Cpheus ob hanc rem mxim gaudi
adfectus est. Meritam grtiam pr tant benefici Perse rettulit;
praetere Andromedam ipsam e in mtrimnium dedit. Ille libenter hc
dnum accpit et puellam dxit. Paucs anns cum uxre su in e regine
habitbat, et in mgn honre erat apud omns Aethiops. Mgnopere tamen
mtrem suam rrsus vidre cupibat. Tandem igitur cum uxre su rgn
Cphe discessit.
10. _POLYDECTES IS TURNED TO STONE_
Postquam Perseus ad nsulam nvem appulit, s ad locum contulit ubi mter
lim habitverat, sed domum invnit vacuam et omnn dsertam. Trs dis
per ttam nsulam mtrem quaerbat; tandem quart di ad templum Dinae
pervnit. Hc Dana refgerat, quod Polydectem timbat. Perseus ubi haec
cgnvit, r mgn commtus est; ad rgiam Polydectis sine mor
contendit, et ubi e vnit, statim in trium inrpit. Polydects mgn
timre adfectus est et fugere volbat. Dum tamen ille fugit, Perseus
caput Medsae mnstrvit; ille autem simul atque hc vdit, in saxum
versus est.
II. _THE ORACLE FULFILLED_
Post haec Perseus cum uxre su ad urbem Acris rediit. Ille autem ubi
Perseum vdit, mgn terrre adfectus est; nam propter rculum istud
neptem suum adhc timbat. In Thessaliam igitur ad urbem Lrsam statim
refgit, frstr tamen; neque enim ftum suum vtvit. Post paucs anns
rx Lrsae lds mgns fcit; nntis in omns parts dmserat et diem
dxerat. Mult ex omnibus urbibus Graeciae ad lds convnrunt. Ipse
Perseus inter alis certmen discrum iniit. At dum discum conicit, avum
suum cs occdit; Acrisius enim inter specttrs ius certminis forte
stbat.

HERCULES
_Hercules, a Greek hero celebrated for his great strength, was pursued
throughout his life by the hatred of Juno. While yet an infant, he
strangled some serpents sent by the goddess to destroy him. During his
boyhood and youth he performed various marvelous feats of strength, and
on reaching manhood succeeded in delivering the Thebans from the
oppression of the Minae. In a fit of madness sent upon him by Juno, he
slew his own children; and on consulting the Delphic oracle as to how he
should cleanse himself from this crime, he was ordered to submit himself
for twelve years to Eurystheus, king of Tiryns, and to perform whatever
tasks were appointed him. Hercules obeyed the oracle, and during the
twelve years of his servitude accomplished twelve extraordinary feats

known as the Labors of Hercules. His death was caused unintentionally by

his wife Dejanira. Hercules had shot with his poisoned arrows a centaur
named Nessus, who had insulted Dejanira. Nessus, before he died, gave
some of his blood to Dejanira, and told her it would act as a charm to
secure her husband's love. Some time after, Dejanira wishing to try the
charm soaked one of her husband's garments in the blood, not knowing
that it was poisoned. Hercules put on the robe, and after suffering
terrible torments died, or was carried off by his father Jupiter_.
12. _THE HATRED OF JUNO_
Herculs, Alcmnae flius, lim in Graeci habitbat. Hc omnium hominum
validissimus fuisse dcitur. At In, rgna derum, Alcmnam derat et
Herculem adhc nfantem necre voluit. Msit igitur dus serpents
saevissims; hae medi nocte in cubiculum Alcmnae vnrunt, ubi Herculs
cum frtre su dormibat. Nec tamen in cns, sed in sct mgn
cubbant. Serpents iam appropinquverant et sctum movbant; itaque
puer somn excitt sunt.
13. _HERCULES AND THE SERPENTS_
phicls, frter Herculis, mgn vce exclmvit; sed Herculs ipse,
fortissimus puer, haudququam territus est. Parvs manibus serpents
statim prehendit, et colla erum mgn v compressit. Tl mod serpents
puer interfectae sunt. Alcmna autem, mter puerrum, clmrem
audverat, et martum suum somn excitverat. Ille lmen accendit et
gladium suum rapuit; tum ad puers properbat, sed ubi ad locum vnit,
rem mram vdit, Herculs enim rdbat et serpents mortus mnstrbat.
14. _THE MUSIC-LESSON_
Herculs puer corpus suum dligenter exercbat; mgnam partem di in
palaestr cnsmbat; didicit etiam arcum intendere et tla conicere. Hs
exercittinibus vrs ius cnfrmtae sunt. In msic etiam Lin
centaur rudibtur (centaur autem equ erant sed caput hominis
habbant); huic tamen art minus dligenter studbat. Hc Linus Herculem
lim obirgbat, quod nn studisus erat; tum puer rtus citharam subit
rapuit, et omnibus vribus caput magistr nflcis percussit. Ille ct
prstrtus est, et paul post vt excessit, neque quisquam poste id
officium suscipere voluit.
15. _HERCULES ESCAPES SACRIFICE_
D Hercule haec etiam inter alia nrrantur. lim dum iter facit, in fns
Aegyptirum vnit. Ibi rx qudam, nmine Bsris, ill tempore rgnbat;
hc autem vir crdlissimus homins immolre cnsuverat. Herculem igitur
corripuit et in vincula conicit. Tum nntis dmsit et diem sacrifici
dxit. Mox ea dis appetbat, et omnia rte parta sunt. Mans Herculis
catns ferres vinctae sunt, et mola salsa in caput ius nspersa est.
Ms enim erat apud antqus salem et fr capitibus victimrum impnere.
Iam victima ad ram stbat; iam sacerds cultrum smpserat. Subit tamen
Herculs mgn cnt vincula perrpit; tum ct sacerdtem prstrvit;
alter rgem ipsum occdit.
16. _A CRUEL DEED_
Herculs iam adulscns Thbs habitbat. Rx Thbrum, vir gnvus,
Cren appellbtur. Minyae, gns bellicsissima, Thbns fnitim erant.
Lgt autem Minys ad Thbns quotanns mittbantur; h Thbs

venibant et centum bovs postulbant. Thbn enim lim Minys

supert erant; tribta igitur rg Minyrum quotanns pendbant. At
Herculs cvs sus hc stpendi lberre cnstituit; lgts igitur
comprehendit, atque aurs erum abscdit. Lgt autem apud omns gents
snct habentur.
17. _THE DEFEAT OF THE MINYAE_
Ergnus, rx Minyrum, ob haec vehementer rtus statim cum omnibus
cpis in fns Thbnrum contendit. Cren adventum ius per
explrtrs cgnvit. Ipse tamen pgnre nluit, nam mgn timre
adfectus erat; Thbn igitur Herculem impertrem crevrunt. Ille
nntis in omns parts dmsit, et cpis cogit; tum proxim di cum
mgn exercit profectus est. Locum idneum dlgit et aciem nstrxit.
Tum Thbn superire loc impetum in hosts fcrunt. Ill autem
impetum sustinre nn poturunt; itaque acis hostium pulsa est atque in
fugam conversa.
18. _MADNESS AND MURDER_
Post hc proelium Herculs cpis sus ad urbem redxit. Omns Thbn
propter victriam mxim gaudbant; Cren autem mgns honribus Herculem
decorvit, atque fliam suam e in mtrimnium dedit. Herculs cum uxre
su betam vtam agbat; sed post paucs anns subit in furrem incidit,
atque lbers sus ipse su man occdit. Post breve tempus ad snittem
reductus est, et propter hc facinus mgn dolre adfectus est; mox ex
urbe effgit et in silvs s recpit. Nlbant enim cvs sermnem cum e
habre.
19. _HERCULES CONSULTS THE ORACLE_
Herculs tantum scelus expire mgnopere cupibat. Cnstituit igitur ad
rculum Delphicum re; hc enim rculum erat omnium celeberrimum. Ibi
templum erat Apollinis plrims dns rntum. Hc in templ sedbat
fmina quaedam, nmine Pthia et cnsilium dabat is qu ad rculum
venibant. Haec autem fmina ab ips Apolline docbtur, et volunttem
de hominibus nntibat. Herculs igitur, qu Apollinem praecipu
colbat, hc vnit. Tum rem ttam exposuit, neque scelus clvit.
20. _THE ORACLE'S REPLY_
Ubi Herculs fnem fcit, Pthia prm tacbat; tandem tamen iussit eum
ad urbem Tryntha re, et Eurysthe rgis omnia imperta facere. Herculs
ubi haec audvit, ad urbem illam contendit, et Eurysthe rg s in
servittem trdidit. Duodecim anns crdlissim Eurysthe servibat, et
duodecim labrs, qus ille imperverat, cnfcit; hc enim n mod
tantum scelus expir potuit. D hs labribus plrima pots scrpta
sunt. Multa tamen quae potae nrrant vix crdibilia sunt.
21. _FIRST LABOR: THE NEMEAN LION_
Prmum ab Eurysthe issus est Herculs lenem occdere qu ill tempore
vallem Nemeaeam reddbat nfstam. In silvs igitur in quibus le
habitbat statim s contulit. Mox feram vdit, et arcum, quem scum
attulerat, intendit; ius tamen pellem, quae dnsissima erat, tricere
nn potuit. Tum clv mgn quam semper gerbat lenem percussit, frstr
tamen; neque enim hc mod eum occdere potuit. Tum dmum collum mnstr
bracchis sus complexus est et faucs ius omnibus vribus compressit.
Hc mod le brev tempore exanimtus est; nlla enim resprand facults
e dabtur. Tum Herculs cadver ad oppidum in umers rettulit; et

pellem, quam dtrxerat, poste pr veste gerbat. Omns autem qu eam

reginem incolbant, ubi fmam d morte lenis accprunt, vehementer
gaudbant et Herculem mgn honre habbant.
22. _SECOND LABOR: THE LERNEAN HYDRA_
Paul post issus est ab Eurysthe Hydram necre. Hc autem mnstrum erat
cui novem erant capita. Herculs igitur cum amc Iol profectus est ad
paldem Lernaeam, in qu Hydra habitbat. Mox mnstrum invnit, et
quamquam rs erat mgn percul, collum ius sinistr prehendit. Tum
dextr capita novem abscdere coepit; quotins tamen hc fcerat, nova
capita exoribantur. Di frstr labrbat; tandem hc cnt dstitit.
Deinde arbors succdere et gnem accendere cnstituit. Hc celeriter
fcit, et postquam lgna gnem comprehendrunt, face rdente colla
adssit, unde capita exoribantur. Nec tamen sine mgn labre haec
fcit; vnit enim auxili Hydrae cancer ingns, qu, dum Herculs capita
abscdit, crra ius mordbat. Postquam mnstrum tl mod interfcit,
sagitts sus sanguine ius imbuit, itaque mortifers reddidit.
23. _THIRD LABOR: THE CERYNEAN STAG_
Postquam Eurysthe caeds Hydrae nntita est, mgnus timor animum ius
occupvit. Iussit igitur Herculem cervum quendam ad s referre; nluit
enim virum tantae audciae in urbe retinre. Hc autem cervus, cius
cornua aurea fuisse trduntur, incrdibil fuit celeritte. Herculs
igitur prm vestgis eum in silv persequbtur; deinde ubi cervum
ipsum vdit, omnibus vribus currere coepit. sque ad vesperum currbat,
neque nocturnum tempus sibi ad quitem relinqubat, frstr tamen; nll
enim mod cervum cnsequ poterat. Tandem postquam ttum annum cucurrerat
(ita trditur), cervum curs exanimtum cpit, et vvum ad Eurystheum
rettulit.
24. _FOURTH LABOR: THE ERYMANTHIAN BOAR_
Tum vr issus est Herculs aprum quendam capere qu ill tempore agrs
Erymanthis vstbat et incols hius reginis mgnopere terrbat.
Herculs rem suscpit et in Arcadiam profectus est. Postquam in silvam
paulum prgressus est, apr occurrit. Ille autem simul atque Herculem
vdit, statim refgit; et timre perterritus in altam fossam s pricit.
Herculs igitur laqueum quem attulerat inicit, et summ cum difficultte
aprum foss extrxit. Ille ets fortiter repgnbat, nll mod s
lberre potuit; et ab Hercule ad Eurystheum vvus reltus est.
25. _HERCULES AT THE CENTAUR'S CAVE_
D quart labre, quem supr nrrvimus, haec etiam trduntur. Herculs
dum iter in Arcadiam facit, ad eam reginem vnit quam centaur
incolbant. Cum nox iam appeteret, ad spluncam dvertit in qu centaurus
qudam, nmine Pholus, habitbat.
Ille Herculem bengn excpit et cnam parvit. At Herculs postquam
cnvit, vnum Phol postulvit. Erat autem in splunc mgna amphora
vn optim replta, quam centaur ibi dposuerant. Pholus igitur hc
vnum dare nlbat, quod reliqus centaurs timbat; nllum tamen vnum
praeter hc in splunc habbat. "Hc vnum," inquit, "mihi commissum
est. S igitur hc dab, centaur m interficient." Herculs tamen eum
inrsit, et ipse pculum vn d amphor hausit.
26. _THE FIGHT WITH THE CENTAURS_

Simul atque amphora aperta est, odor icundissimus undique diffsus est;
vnum enim suvissimum erat. Centaur ntum odrem snsrunt et omns ad
locum convnrunt.
Ubi ad spluncam pervnrunt, mgnopere rt erant quod Herculem
bibentem vdrunt. Tum arma rapurunt et Pholum interficere volbant.
Herculs tamen in adit spluncae cnstitit et impetum erum fortissim
sustinbat. Facs rdents in es conicit; mults etiam sagitts sus
vulnervit. Hae autem sagittae eaedem erant quae sanguine Hydrae lim
imbtae erant. Omns igitur qus ille sagitts vulnerverat venn statim
absmpt sunt; reliqu autem ubi hc vdrunt, terga vertrunt et fug
saltem petirunt.
27. _THE FATE OF PHOLUS_
Postquam reliqu fgrunt, Pholus ex splunc gressus est, et corpora
spectbat erum qu sagitts interfect erant. Mgnopere autem mrtus
est quod tam lev vulnere exanimt erant, et causam ius re quaerbat.
Adiit igitur locum ubi cadver ciusdam centaur iacbat, et sagittam
vulnere trxit. Haec tamen sve cs sve cnsili derum manibus ius
lapsa est, et pedem leviter vulnervit. Ille extempl dolrem gravem per
omnia membra snsit, et post breve tempus v venn exanimtus est. Mox
Herculs, qu reliqus centaurs sectus erat, ad spluncam rediit, et
mgn cum dolre Pholum mortuum vdit. Mults cum lacrims corpus amc
ad sepultram dedit; tum, postquam alterum pculum vn exhausit, somn
s dedit.
28. _FIFTH LABOR: THE AUGEAN STABLES_
Deinde Eurystheus Hercul hunc labrem gravirem imposuit. Augs qudam,
qu ill tempore rgnum in lide obtinbat, tria mlia boum habbat. H
in stabul ingentis mgnitdinis incldbantur. Stabulum autem inluvi ac
squlre erat obsitum, neque enim ad hc tempus umquam prgtum erat. Hc
Herculs intr spatium nus di prgre issus est. Ille, ets rs erat
multae operae, negtium suscpit. Prmum mgn labre fossam duodvgint
pedum dxit, per quam flminis aquam d montibus ad mrum stabul
perdxit. Tum postquam mrum perrpit, aquam in stabulum immsit et tl
mod contr opninem omnium opus cnfcit.
29. _SIXTH LABOR: THE STYMPHALIAN BIRDS_
Post paucs dis Herculs ad oppidum Stymphlum iter fcit; imperverat
enim e Eurystheus ut avs Stymphlids necret. Hae avs rstra anea
habbant et carne hominum vscbantur. Ille postquam ad locum pervnit,
lacum vdit; in hc autem lac, qu nn procul erat ab oppid, avs
habitbant. Nlla tamen dabtur appropinquand facults; lacus enim nn
ex aqu sed lm cnstitit. Herculs igitur neque pedibus neque lintre
prgred potuit.
Ille cum mgnam partem di frstr cnsmpsisset, hc cnt dstitit et
ad Volcnum s contulit, ut auxilium ab e peteret. Volcnus (qu ab
fabrs mxim colbtur) crepundia quae ipse ex aere fabrictus erat
Hercul dedit. Hs Herculs tam crem crepitum fcit ut avs perterritae
volrent. Ille autem, dum volant, mgnum numerum erum sagitts
trnsfxit.
30. _SEVENTH LABOR: THE CRETAN BULL_
Tum Eurystheus Hercul impervit ut taurum quendam fercissimum ex nsul
Crt vvum referret. Ille igitur nvem cnscendit, et cum ventus idneus

esset, statim solvit. Cum tamen nsulae iam appropinquret, tanta

tempests subit coorta est ut nvis cursum tenre nn posset. Tantus
autem timor anims nautrum occupvit ut paene omnem spem saltis
dpnerent. Herculs tamen, ets nvigand impertus erat, haudququam
territus est.
Post breve tempus summa tranquillits cnsecta est, et nautae, qu s ex
timre iam recperant, nvem incolumem ad terram appulrunt. Herculs
nv gressus est, et cum ad rgem Crtae vnisset, causam veniend
docuit. Deinde, postquam omnia parta sunt, ad eam reginem contendit
quam taurus vstbat. Mox taurum vdit, et quamquam rs erat mgn
percul, cornua ius prehendit. Tum, cum ingent labre mnstrum ad
nvem trxisset, cum praed in Graeciam rediit.
31. _EIGHTH LABOR: THE MAN-EATING HORSES OF DIOMEDE_
Postquam ex nsul Crt rediit, Herculs ab Eurysthe in Thrciam missus
est, ut equs Diomdis redceret. H equ carne hominum vscbantur;
Diomds autem, vir crdlissimus, ills obicibat peregrns omns qu
in eam reginem vnerant. Herculs igitur mgn celeritte in Thrciam
contendit et ab Diomde postulvit ut equ sibi trderentur. Cum tamen
ille hc facere nllet, Herculs r commtus rgem interfcit et cadver
ius equs obic iussit.
Ita mra rrum commtti facta est; is enim qu ante mults cum
crucit necverat ipse edem supplici nectus est. Cum haec nntita
essent, omns qu eam reginem incolbant mxim laetiti adfect sunt et
Hercul meritam grtiam referbant. Nn modo mxims honribus et
praemis eum decorvrunt sed rbant etiam ut rgnum ipse susciperet.
Ille tamen hc facere nlbat, et cum ad mare rediisset, nvem occupvit.
Ubi omnia ad nvigandum parta sunt, equs in nv conlocvit; deinde,
cum idneam tempesttem nactus esset, sine mor port solvit, et paul
post equs in ltus Argolicum exposuit.
32. _NINTH LABOR: THE GIRDLE OF HIPPOLYTE_
Gns Amzonum dcitur omnn ex mulieribus cnstitisse. Hae summam
scientiam re mlitris habbant, et tantam virttem adhibbant ut cum
virs proelium committere audrent. Hippolyt, Amzonum rgna, balteum
habuit celeberrimum quem Mrs e dederat. Admta autem, Eurysthe flia,
fmam d hc balte accperat et eum possidre vehementer cupibat.
Eurystheus igitur Hercul mandvit ut cpis cgeret et bellum Amzonibus
nferret. Ille nntis in omns parts dmsit, et cum mgna multitd
convnisset, es dlgit qu mximum sum in r mlitr habbant.
33. _THE GIRDLE IS REFUSED_
Hs virs Herculs persusit, postquam causam itineris exposuit, ut scum
iter facerent. Tum cum is quibus persuserat nvem cnscendit, et cum
ventus idneus esset, post paucs dis ad stium flminis Thermdontis
appulit. Postquam in fns Amzonum vnit, nntium ad Hippolytam msit,
qu causam veniend docret et balteum psceret. Ipsa Hippolyt balteum
trdere volbat, quod d Herculis virtte fmam accperat; reliquae tamen
Amzons e persusrunt ut negret. At Herculs, cum haec nntita
essent, bell fortnam temptre cnstituit.
Proxim igitur di cum cpis dxisset, locum idneum dlgit et hosts
ad pgnam vocvit. Amzons quoque cpis sus ex castrs dxrunt et
nn mgn intervll ab Hercule aciem nstrxrunt.

34. _THE BATTLE_

Pals erat nn mgna inter duo exercits; neutr tamen initium trnseund
facere volbant. Tandem Herculs sgnum dedit, et ubi paldem trnsiit,
proelium commsit.
Amzons impetum virrum fortissim sustinurunt, et contr opninem
omnium tantam virttem praestitrunt ut mults erum occderint, mults
etiam in fugam conicerint. Vir enim nov genere pgnae perturbbantur
nec mgnam virttem praestbant. Herculs autem cum haec vidret, d sus
fortns dsprre coepit. Mlits igitur vehementer cohorttus est ut
prstinae virttis memoriam retinrent neu tantum ddecus admitterent,
hostiumque impetum fortiter sustinrent; quibus verbs anims omnium ita
rxit ut mult etiam qu vulneribus cnfect essent proelium sine mor
redintegrrent.
35. _THE DEFEAT OF THE AMAZONS_
Di et criter pgntum est; tandem tamen ad slis occsum tanta
commtti rrum facta est ut muliers terga verterent et fug saltem
peterent. Multae autem vulneribus dfessae dum fugiunt captae sunt, in
qu numer ipsa erat Hippolyt. Herculs summam clmentiam praestitit, et
postquam balteum accpit, lberttem omnibus captvs dedit. Tum vr
socis ad mare redxit, et quod nn multum aesttis supererat, in
Graeciam proficsc mtrvit. Nvem igitur cnscendit, et tempesttem
idneam nactus statim solvit; antequam tamen in Graeciam pervnit, ad
urbem Triam nvem appellere cnstituit, frmentum enim quod scum
habbat iam dficere coeperat.
36. _LAOMEDON AND THE SEA-MONSTER_
Lomedn qudam ill tempore rgnum Triae obtinbat. Ad hunc Neptnus et
Apoll ann superire vnerant, et cum Tria nndum moenia habret, ad
hc opus auxilium obtulerant. Postquam tamen hrum auxili moenia
cnfecta sunt, nlbat Lomedn praemium quod prposuerat persolvere.
Neptnus igitur et Apoll ob hanc causam rt mnstrum quoddam msrunt
speci horribil, quod cottdi mar venibat et homines pecudsque
vorbat. Trin autem timre perterrit in urbe continbantur, et pecora
omnia ex agrs intr mrs compulerant. Lomedn hs rbus commtus
rculum cnsuluit, ac deus e praecpit ut filiam Hsionem mnstr
obiceret.
37. _THE RESCUE OF HESIONE_
Lomedn, cum hc respnsum renntitum esset, mgnum dolrem percpit;
sed tamen, ut cvs sus tant percul lberret, rcul prre
cnstituit et diem sacrifici dxit. Sed sve cs sve cnsili derum
Herculs tempore opportnissim Triam attigit; ips enim temporis punct
qu puella catns vincta ad ltus ddcbtur ille nvem appulit.
Herculs nv gressus d rbus quae gerbantur certior factus est; tum
r commtus ad rgem s contulit et auxilium suum obtulit. Cum rx
libenter e concessisset ut, s posset, puellam lberret, Herculs
mnstrum interfcit; et puellam, quae iam omnem spem saltis dposuerat,
incolumem ad patrem redxit. Lomedn mgn cum gaudi fliam suam
accpit, et Hercul pr tant benefici meritam grtiam rettulit.
38. _TENTH LABOR: THE OXEN OF GERYON_
Tum vr missus est Herculs ad nsulam Erytham, ut bovs Gryonis

arcesseret. Rs erat summae difficulttis, quod bovs qudam Eurytine

et cane bicipite custdibantur. Ipse autem Gryn speciem horribilem
praebbat; tria enim corpora inter s conincta habbat. Herculs tamen
ets intellegbat quantum perculum esset, negtium suscpit; ac postquam
per mults terrs iter fcit, ad eam partem Libyae pervnit quae Eurpae
proxima est. Ibi in utrque ltore fret quod Eurpam Liby dvidit
columns cnstituit, quae poste Herculis Columnae appellbantur.
39. _THE GOLDEN SHIP_
Dum hc mortur, Herculs mgnum incommodum ex calre slis accipibat;
tandem igitur r commtus arcum suum intendit et slem sagitts petiit.
Sl tamen audciam vir tantum admrtus est ut lintrem auream e
dederit. Herculs hc dnum libentissim accpit, nllam enim nvem in
hs reginibus invenre potuerat. Tum lintrem ddxit, et ventum nactus
idneum post breve tempus ad nsulam pervnit. Ubi ex incols cgnvit
qu in loc bovs essent, in eam partem statim profectus est et rge
Gryone postulvit ut bovs sibi trderentur. Cum tamen ille hc facere
nllet, Herculs et rgem ipsum et Eurytinem, qu erat ingent
mgnitdine corporis, interfcit.
40. _A MIRACULOUS HAIL-STORM_
Tum Herculs bovs per Hispniam et Liguriam compellere cnstituit;
postquam igitur omnia parta sunt, bovs ex nsul ad continentem
trnsportvit. Ligurs autem, gns bellicsissima, dum ille per fns
erum iter facit, mgns cpis cogrunt atque eum longius prgred
prohibbant. Herculs mgnam difficulttem habbat, barbar enim in locs
superiribus cnstiterant et saxa tlaque in eum conicibant. Ille quidem
paene omnem spem saltis dposuerat, sed tempore opportnissim Iuppiter
imbrem lapidum ingentium cael dmsit. H tant v cecidrunt ut
mgnum numerum Ligurum occderint; ipse tamen Herculs (ut in tlibus
rbus accidere cnsuvit) nihil incommod cpit.
41. _THE PASSAGE OF THE ALPS_
Postquam Ligurs hc mod supert sunt, Herculs quam celerrim
prgressus est et post paucs dis ad Alps pervnit. Necesse erat hs
trnsre, ut in taliam bovs ageret; rs tamen summae erat
difficulttis. H enim monts, qu lterirem citerire Galli
dvidunt, nive perenn sunt tct; quam ob causam neque frmentum neque
pbulum in hs reginibus invenr potest. Herculs igitur antequam
ascendere coepit, mgnam cpiam frment et pbul comparvit et hc
commet bovs onervit. Postquam in hs rbus trs dis cnsmpserat,
quart di profectus est, et contr omnium opninem bovs incolums in
taliam trdxit.
42. _CACUS STEALS THE OXEN_
Brev tempore ad flmen Tiberim vnit. Tum tamen nlla erat urbs in e
loc, Rma enim nndum condita erat. Herculs itinere fessus cnstituit
ibi paucs dis morr, ut s ex labribus recreret. Haud procul valle
ubi bovs pscbantur splunca erat, in qu Ccus, horribile mnstrum,
tum habitbat. Hc speciem terribilem praebbat, nn modo quod ingent
mgnitdine corporis erat, sed quod gnem ex re exsprbat. Ccus autem
d advent Herculis fmam accperat; noct igitur vnit, et dum Herculs
dormit, quattuor pulcherrimrum boum abripuit. Hs cauds in spluncam
trxit, n Herculs vestgis cgnscere posset qu in loc clt
essent.

43. _HERCULES DISCOVERS THE THEFT_

Poster di simul atque somn excittus est, Herculs frtum
animadvertit et bovs misss omnibus locs quaerbat. Hs tamen nsquam
reperre poterat, nn modo quod loc ntram gnrbat, sed quod
vestgis falss dceptus est. Tandem cum mgnam partem di frstr
cnsmpsisset, cum reliqus bbus prgred cnstituit. At dum proficsc
parat, nus bbus qus scum habuit mgre coepit. Subit i qu in
splunc incls erant mgtum reddidrunt, et hc mod Herculem
certirem fcrunt qu in loc clt essent. Ille vehementer rtus ad
spluncam quam celerrim s contulit, ut praedam reciperet. At Ccus
saxum ingns ita dicerat ut aditus spluncae omnn obstruertur.
44. _HERCULES AND CACUS_
Herculs cum nllum alium introitum reperre posset, hc saxum movre
cntus est, sed propter ius mgnitdinem rs erat difficillima. Di
frstr labrbat neque quicquam efficere poterat; tandem tamen mgn
cnt saxum mvit et spluncam patefcit. Ibi misss bovs mgn cum
gaudi cnspxit; sed Ccum ipsum vix cernere potuit, quod splunca
replta erat fm quem ille mre su vombat. Herculs insitt speci
turbtus breve tempus haesitbat; mox tamen in spluncam inrpit et
collum mnstr bracchis complexus est. Ille ets multum repgnvit,
nll mod s lberre potuit, et cum nlla facults resprand dartur,
mox exanimtus est.
45. _ELEVENTH LABOR: THE GOLDEN APPLES OF THE HESPERIDES_
Eurystheus postquam bovs Gryonis accpit, labrem ndecimum Hercul
imposuit, gravirem quam qus supr nrrvimus. Mandvit enim e ut aurea
pma ex hort Hesperidum auferret. Hesperids autem nymphae erant quaedam
frm praestantissim, quae in terr longinqu habitbant, et quibus
aurea quaedam pma Inne commissa erant. Mult homins aur cupiditte
induct haec pma auferre iam ante cnt erant. Rs tamen difficillima
erat, namque hortus in qu pma erant mr ingent undique circumdatus
erat; praetere drac qudam cui centum erant capita portam hort
dligenter custdibat. Opus igitur quod Eurystheus Hercul imperverat
erat summae difficulttis, nn modo ob causs qus memorvimus, sed etiam
quod Herculs omnn gnrbat qu in loc hortus ille situs esset.
46. _HERCULES ASKS AID OF ATLAS_
Herculs quamquam quitem vehementer cupibat, tamen Eurysthe prre
cnstituit, et simul ac issa ius accpit, proficsc mtrvit.
mults merctribus quaesverat qu in loc Hesperids habitrent, nihil
tamen certum reperre potuerat. Frstr per mults terrs iter fcit et
multa percula subiit; tandem, cum in hs itineribus ttum annum
cnsmpsisset, ad extrmam partem orbis terrrum, quae proxima est
cean, pervnit. Hc stbat vir qudam, nomine Atls, ingent
mgnitdine corporis, qu caelum (ita trditum est) umers sus sustinbat,
n in terram dcideret. Herculs tants vrs mgnopere mrtus statim in
conloquium cum Atlante vnit, et cum causam itineris docuisset, auxilium
ab e petiit.
47. _HERCULES BEARS UP THE HEAVENS_
Atls autem Hercul mxim prdesse potuit; ille enim cum ipse esset
pater Hesperidum, cert scvit qu in loc esset hortus. Postquam igitur
audvit quam ob causam Herculs vnisset, "Ipse," inquit, "ad hortum b

et flibus mes persudb ut pma su sponte trdant." Herculs cum

haec audret, mgnopere gvsus est; vim enim adhibre nluit, s rs
aliter fier posset. Cnstituit igitur obltum auxilium accipere. Atls
tamen postulvit ut, dum ipse abesset, Herculs caelum umers sustinret.
Hc autem negtium Herculs libenter suscpit, et quamquam rs erat summ
labris, ttum pondus cael continus complrs dis slus sustinbat.
48. _THE RETURN OF ATLAS_
Atls intere abierat et ad hortum Hesperidum, qu pauca mlia passuum
aberat, s quam celerrim contulerat. E cum vnisset, causam veniend
exposuit et flis sus vehementer horttus est ut pma trderent. Illae
di haerbant; nlbant enim hc facere, quod ab ips Inne (ita ut ante
dictum est) hc mnus accpissent. Atls tamen aliquand is persusit ut
sibi prrent, et pma ad Herculem rettulit. Herculs intere cum plrs
dis exspectvisset neque llam fmam d redit Atlantis accpisset, hc
mor graviter commtus est. Tandem qunt di Atlantem vdit redeuntem,
et mox mgn cum gaudi pma accpit; tum, postquam grtis pr tant
benefici git, ad Graeciam proficsc mtrvit.
49. _TWELFTH LABOR: CERBERUS THE THREE-HEADED DOG_
Postquam aurea pma ad Eurystheum relta sunt, nus modo relinqubtur
duodecim labribus qus Pthia Hercul praecperat. Eurystheus autem cum
Herculem mgnopere timret, eum in aliquem locum mittere volbat unde
numquam redre posset. Negtium igitur e dedit ut canem Cerberum ex Orc
in lcem traheret. Hc opus omnium difficillimum erat, nm enim umquam
ex Orc redierat. Praetere Cerberus iste mnstrum erat horribil speci,
cui tria erant capita serpentibus saevs cincta. Antequam tamen d hc
labre nrrmus, nn alinum vidtur, quoniam d Orc mentinem fcimus,
pauca d e regine prpnere.
50. _CHARON'S FERRY_
D Orc, qu dem Hds appellbtur, haec trduntur. Ut quisque d vt
dcesserat, mns ius ad Orcum, sdem morturum, de Mercuri
ddcbantur. Hius reginis, quae sub terr fuisse dcitur, rx erat
Plt, cui uxor erat Prserpina, Iovis et Cereris flia. Mns igitur
Mercuri dduct prmum ad rpam venibant Stygis flminis, qu rgnum
Pltnis contintur. Hc trnsre necesse erat antequam in Orcum venre
possent. Cum tamen in hc flmine nllus pns factus esset, mns
trnsvehbantur Charonte qudam, qu cum parv scaph ad rpam
exspectbat. Charn pr hc offici mercdem postulbat, neque quemquam,
nisi hc praemium prius dedisset, trnsvehere volbat. Quam ob causam ms
erat apud antqus nummum in re mortu pnere e cnsili, ut cum ad
Stygem vnisset, pretium triects solvere posset. I autem qu post
mortem in terr nn sepult erant Stygem trnsre nn poturunt, sed in
rp per centum anns errre coct sunt; tum dmum Orcum intrre licuit.
51. _THE REALM OF PLUTO_
Ut autem mns Stygem hc mod trnsierant, ad alterum venibant flmen,
quod Lth appellbtur. Ex hc flmine aquam bibere cgbantur; quod cum
fcissent, rs omns in vt gests memori dpnbant. Dnique ad
sdem ipsus Pltnis venibant, cius introitus cane Cerber
custdibtur. Ibi Plt nigr vestt indtus cum uxre Prserpin in
soli sedbat. Stbant etiam nn procul ab e loc tria alia solia, in
quibus sedbant Mns, Rhadamanthus, Aeacusque, idics apud nfers. H
mortus is dcbant et praemia poensque cnstitubant. Bon enim in
Camps lysis, sdem betrum, venibant; improb autem in Tartarum

mittbantur ac mults et varis supplicis ibi excrucibantur.

52. _HERCULES CROSSES THE STYX_
Herculs postquam imperia Eurysthe accpit, in Lacniam ad Taenarum
statim s contulit; ibi enim splunca erat ingent mgnitdine, per quam,
ut trdbtur, homins ad Orcum dscendbant. E cum vnisset, ex incols
quaesvit qu in loc splunca illa sita esset; quod cum cgnvisset,
sine mor dscendere cnstituit. Nec tamen slus hc iter facibat,
Mercurius enim et Minerva s e socis adinxerant. Ubi ad rpam Stygis
vnit, Herculs scapham Charontis cnscendit, ut ad lterirem rpam
trnsret. Cum tamen Herculs vir esset ingent mgnitdine corporis,
Charn solvere nlbat; mgnopere enim verbtur n scapha sua tant
pondere onerta in medi flmine mergertur. Tandem tamen mins Herculis
territus Charn scapham solvit, et eum incolumem ad lterirem rpam
perdxit.
53. _THE LAST LABOR IS ACCOMPLISHED_
Postquam flmen Stygem hc mod trnsiit, Herculs in sdem ipsus
Pltnis vnit; et postquam causam veniend docuit, ab e petvit ut
Cerberum auferre sibi licret. Plt, qu d Hercule fmam accperat, eum
bengn excpit, et faculttem quam ille petbat libenter dedit.
Postulvit tamen ut Herculs ipse, cum imperta Eurysthe fcisset,
Cerberum in Orcum rrsus redceret. Herculs hc pollicitus est, et
Cerberum, quem nn sine mgn percul manibus prehenderat, summ cum
labre ex Orc in lcem et ad urbem Eurysthe trxit. E cum vnisset,
tantus timor animum Eurysthe occupvit ut ex tri statim refgerit; cum
autem paulum s ex timre recpisset, mults cum lacrims obsecrvit
Herculem ut mnstrum sine mor in Orcum redceret. Sc contr omnium
opninem duodecim ill labrs qus Pthia praecperat intr duodecim
anns cnfect sunt; quae cum ita essent, Herculs servitte tandem
lbertus mgn cum gaudi Thbs rediit.
54. _THE CENTAUR NESSUS_
Poste Herculs multa alia praeclra perfcit, quae nunc perscrbere
longum est. Tandem iam aette prvectus Dianram, Oene fliam, in
mtrimnium dxit; post tamen trs anns accidit ut puerum quendam, cui
nmen erat Eunomus, cs occderit. Cum autem ms esset ut s quis
hominem cs occdisset, in exsilium ret, Herculs cum uxre su
fnibus ius cvittis exre mtrvit. Dum tamen iter faciunt, ad flmen
quoddam pervnrunt in qu nllus pns erat; et dum quaerunt qunam mod
flmen trnseant, accurrit centaurus Nessus, qu vitribus auxilium
obtulit. Herculs igitur uxrem suam in tergum Ness imposuit; tum ipse
flmen trnvit. Nessus autem paulum in aquam prgressus ad rpam subit
revertbtur et Dianram auferre cnbtur. Quod cum animadvertisset
Herculs, r graviter commtus arcum intendit et pectus Ness sagitt
trnsfxit.
55. _THE POISONED ROBE_
Nessus igitur sagitt Herculis trnsfxus morins hum iacbat; at n
occsinem su ulcscend dmitteret, ita loctus est: "T, Dianra,
verba morientis aud. S amrem mart tu cnservre vs, hunc sanguinem
qu nunc pectore me effunditur sme ac repne; tum, s umquam in
suspcinem tibi vnerit, vestem mart hc sanguine nficis." Haec
loctus Nessus animam efflvit; Dianra autem nihil mal suspicta
imperta fcit. Paul post Herculs bellum contr Eurytum, rgem
Oechaliae, suscpit; et cum rgem ipsum cum flis interfcisset, Ioln

ius fliam captvam scum redxit. Antequam tamen domum vnit, nvem ad
Cnaeum prmunturium appulit, et in terram gressus ram cnstituit, ut
Iov sacrificret. Dum tamen sacrificium parat, Licham comitem suum domum
msit, qu vestem albam referret; ms enim erat apud antqus, dum
sacrificia facerent, albam vestem gerere. At Dianra verita n Herculs
amrem erg Ioln habret, vestem priusquam Lichae dedit, sanguine Ness
nfcit.
[Illustration: HERCULES, NESSUS, AND DEJANIRA]
56. _THE DEATH OF HERCULES_
Herculs nihil mal suspicns vestem quam Lichs attulerat statim induit;
paul post tamen dolrem per omnia membra snsit, et quae causa esset
ius re mgnopere mirbtur. Dolre paene exanimtus vestem dtrahere
cntus est; illa tamen in corpore haesit, neque ll mod abscind
potuit. Tum dmum Herculs quasi furre impulsus in montem Octam s
contulit, et in rogum, quem summ celeritte exstrxit, s imposuit. Hc
cum fcisset, es qu circumstbant rvit ut rogum quam celerrim
succenderent. Omns di recsbant; tandem tamen pstor qudam ad
misericordiam inductus gnem subdidit. Tum, dum omnia fm obscrantur,
Herculs dns nbe vltus Iove in Olympum abreptus est.

THE ARGONAUTS
_The celebrated voyage of the Argonauts was brought about in this way.
Pelias had expelled his brother Aeson from his kingdom in Thessaly, and
had determined to take the life of Jason, the son of Aeson. Jason,
however, escaped and grew up to manhood in another country. At last he
returned to Thessaly; and Pelias, fearing that he might attempt to
recover the kingdom, sent him to fetch the Golden Fleece from Colchis,
supposing this to be an impossible feat. Jason with a band of heroes set
sail in the ship Argo (called after Argus, its builder), and after many
adventures reached Colchis. Here Aetes, king of Colchis, who was
unwilling to give up the Fleece, set Jason to perform what seemed an
impossible task, namely to plough a field with certain fire-breathing
oxen, and then to sow it with dragon's teeth. Meda, however, the
daughter of the king, assisted Jason by her skill in magic, first to
perform the task appointed, and then to procure the Fleece. She then fled
with Jason, and to delay the pursuit of her father, sacrificed her
brother Absyrtus. After reaching Thessaly, Meda caused the death of
Pelias and was expelled from the country with her husband. They removed
to Corinth, and here Meda becoming jealous of Glauce, daughter of Creon,
caused her death by means of a poisoned robe. She was afterward carried
off in a chariot sent by the sun-god, and a little later Jason was
accidentally killed_.
57. _THE WICKED UNCLE_
Erant lim in Thessali duo frtrs, qurum alter Aesn, Pelis alter
appellbtur. Aesn prm rgnum obtinuerat; at post paucs anns Pelis
rgn cupiditte adductus nn modo frtrem suum expulit, sed etiam in
anim habbat Isonem, Aesonis flium, interficere. Qudam tamen ex
amcs Aesonis, ubi sententiam Peliae cgnvrunt, puerum tant
percul ripere cnstiturunt. Noct igitur Isonem ex urbe abstulrunt,

et cum poster di ad rgem rediissent, e renntivrunt puerum mortuum

esse. Pelis cum hc audvisset, ets r vr mgnum gaudium percipibat,
speciem tamen dolris praebuit et quae causa esset mortis quaesvit. Ill
autem cum bene intellegerent dolrem ius falsum esse, nesci quam
fbulam d morte puer finxrunt.
58. _A FATEFUL ACCIDENT_
Post breve tempus Pelis, veritus n rgnum suum tant v et fraude
occuptum mitteret, amcum quendam Delphs msit, qu rculum
cnsuleret. Ille igitur quam celerrim Delphs s contulit et quam ob
causam vnisset dmnstrvit. Respondit rculum nllum esse in
praesenti perculum; monuit tamen Peliam ut s quis num calceum gerns
venret, eum cavret. Post paucs anns accidit ut Pelis mgnum
sacrificium factrus esset; nntis in omns parts dmserat et certam
diem conveniend dxerat. Di cnstitt mgnus hominum numerus undique
ex agrs convnit; in hs autem vnit etiam Isn, qu pueriti apud
centaurum quendam habitverat. Dum tamen iter facit, num calces in
trnseund nesci qu flmine msit.
59. _THE GOLDEN FLEECE_
Isn igitur cum calceum missum nll mod recipere posset, n pede
nd in rgiam pervnit. Quem cum Pelis vdisset, subit timre adfectus
est; intellxit enim hunc esse hominem quem rculum dmnstrvisset. Hc
igitur cnsilium iniit. Rx erat qudam Aets, qu rgnum Colchidis ill
tempore obtinbat. Huic commissum erat vellus illud aureum quod Phrixus
lim ibi relquerat. Cnstituit igitur Pelis Ison negtium dare ut hc
vellere potrtur; cum enim rs esset mgn percul, eum in itinere
peritrum esse sprbat. Isonem igitur ad s arcessvit, et eum
cohorttus quid fier vellet docuit. Ille ets intellegbat rem esse
difficillimam, negtium libenter suscpit.
60. _THE BUILDING OF THE GOOD SHIP ARGO_
Cum tamen Colchis multrum dirum iter ab e loc abesset, slus Isn
proficsc nluit. Dmsit igitur nntis in omns parts, qu causam
itineris docrent et diem certam conveniend dcerent. Intere, postquam
omnia quae sunt su ad armands nvs comportr iussit, negtium dedit
Arg cuidam, qu summam scientiam nauticrum rrum habbat, ut nvem
aedificret. In hs rbus circiter decem dis cnsmpt sunt; Argus enim,
qu oper praeerat, tantam dligentiam adhibbat ut n nocturnum quidem
tempus ad labrem intermitteret. Ad multitdinem hominum trnsportandam
nvis paul erat ltior quam quibus in nostr mar t cnsuvimus, et ad
vim tempesttum perferendam tta rbore facta est.
61. _THE ANCHOR IS WEIGHED_
Intere is dis appetbat quem Isn per nntis dxerat, et ex omnibus
reginibus Graeciae mult, qus aut re novits aut sps glriae movbat,
undique convenibant. Trditum est autem in hc numer fuisse Herculem,
d qu supr multa perscrpsimus, Orpheum, citharoedum praeclrissimum,
Thseum, Castorem, multsque alis quorum nmina sunt ntissima. Ex hs
Isn qus arbitrtus est ad omnia percula subeunda partissims esse,
es ad numerum qunqugint dlgit et socis sibi adinxit; tum paucs
dis commortus, ut ad omns css subsidia comparret, nvem ddxit, et
tempesttem ad nvigandum idneam nactus mgn cum plaus omnium solvit.
62. _A FATAL MISTAKE_

Haud mult post Argonautae (ita enim appellbantur qu in ist nv

vehbantur) nsulam quandam, nmine Cyzicum, attigrunt; et nv
gress rge illus reginis hospiti except sunt. Paucs hrs ibi
commort ad slis occsum rrsus solvrunt; sed postquam pauca mlia
passuum prgress sunt, tanta tempests subit coorta est ut cursum
tenre nn possent, et in eandem partem nsulae unde nper profect erant
mgn cum percul dicerentur. Incolae tamen, cum nox esset obscra,
Argonauts nn gnscbant, et nvem inimcam vnisse arbitrt arma
rapurunt et es gred prohibbant. criter in ltore pgntum est, et
rx ipse, qu cum alis dcucurrerat, ab Argonauts occsus est. Mox
tamen, cum iam dlcsceret, snsrunt incolae s errre et arma
abicrunt; Argonautae autem cum rgem occsum esse vidrent, mgnum
dolrem percprunt.
63. _THE LOSS OF HYLAS_
Postrdi ius di Isn tempesttem satis idneam esse arbitrtus
(summa enim tranquillits iam cnsecta erat), ancors sustulit, et pauca
mlia passuum prgressus ante noctem Msiam attigit. Ibi paucs hrs in
ancors exspectvit; nauts enim cgnverat aquae cpiam quam scum
habrent iam dficere, quam ob causam qudam ex Argonauts in terram
gress aquam quaerbant. Hrum in numer erat Hyls qudam, puer frm
praestantissim. Qu dum fontem quaerit, comitibus paulum scesserat.
Nymphae autem quae fontem colbant, cum iuvenem vdissent, e persudre
cntae sunt ut scum manret; et cum ille negret s hc factrum esse,
puerum v abstulrunt.
Comits ius postquam Hylam missum esse snsrunt, mgn dolre adfect
di frstr quaerbant. Herculs autem et Polyphmus, qu vestgia puer
longius sect erant, ubi tandem ad ltus redirunt, Isonem solvisse
cgnvrunt.
64. _DIFFICULT DINING_
Post haec Argonautae ad Thrciam cursum tenurunt, et postquam ad oppidum
Salmydssum nvem appulrunt, in terram gress sunt. Ibi cum ab incols
quaesssent quis rgnum ius reginis obtinret, certirs fact sunt
Phneum quendam tum rgem esse. Cgnvrunt etiam hunc caecum esse et
dr qudam supplici adfic, quod lim s crdlissimum in flis sus
praebuisset. Cius supplic hc erat genus. Missa erant Iove mnstra
quaedam speci horribil, quae capita virginum, corpora volucrum
habbant. Hae volucrs, quae Harpiae appellbantur, Phne summam
molestiam adferbant; quotins enim ille accubuerat, venibant et cibum
appositum statim auferbant. Qu factum est ut haud multum abesset qun
Phneus fam morertur.
65. _THE DELIVERANCE OF PHINEUS_
Rs igitur male s habbat cum Argonautae nvem appulrunt. Phneus autem
simul atque audvit es in sus fns gresss esse, mgnopere gvsus
est. Scibat enim quantam opninem virttis Argonautae habrent, nec
dubitbat qun sibi auxilium ferrent. Nntium igitur ad nvem msit, qu
Isonem socisque ad rgiam vocret. E cum vnissent, Phneus
dmnstrvit quant in percul suae rs essent, et prmsit s mgna
praemia datrum esse, s ill remedium repperissent. Argonautae negtium
libenter suscprunt, et ubi hra vnit, cum rge accuburunt; at simul
ac cna apposita est, Harpiae cnculum intrvrunt et cibum auferre
cnbantur. Argonautae prmum gladis volucrs petirunt; cum tamen
vidrent hc nihil prdesse, Zts et Calais, qu ls erant nstrct,
in era s sublevvrunt, ut dsuper impetum facerent. Quod cum

snsissent Harpiae, re novitte perterritae statim aufgrunt, neque

poste umquam redirunt.
66. _THE SYMPLEGADES_
Hc fact Phneus, ut pr tant benefici meritam grtiam referret,
Ison dmnstrvit qu ratine Symplgads vtre posset. Symplgads
autem duae erant rps ingent mgnitdine, quae Iove positae erant e
cnsili, n quis ad Colchida pervenret. Hae parv intervll in mar
natbant, et s quid in medium spatium vnerat, incrdibil celeritte
concurrbant. Postquam igitur Phne doctus est quid faciendum esset,
Isn sublts ancors nvem solvit, et ln vent prvectus mox ad
Symplgads appropinquvit. Tum in prr stns columbam quam in man
tenbat msit. Illa rct vi per medium spatium volvit, et priusquam
rps cnflxrunt, incolumis vsit caud tantum miss. Tum rps
utrimque discessrunt; antequam tamen rrsus concurrerent, Argonautae,
bene intellegents omnem spem saltis in celeritte positam esse, summ
v rms contendrunt et nvem incolumem perdxrunt. Hc fact ds
grtis mxims grunt, qurum auxili tant percul rept essent;
omns enim scibant nn sine auxili derum rem tam flciter vnisse.
67. _A HEAVY TASK_
Brev intermiss spati Argonautae ad flmen Phsim vnrunt, quod in
fnibus Colchrum erat. Ibi cum nvem appulissent et in terram gress
essent, statim ad rgem Aetem s contulrunt et ab e postulvrunt ut
vellus aureum sibi trdertur. Ille cum audvisset quam ob causam
Argonautae vnissent, r commtus est et di negbat s vellus
trditrum esse. Tandem tamen, quod scibat Isonem nn sine auxili
derum hc negtium suscpisse, mtt sententi prmsit s vellus
trditrum, s Isn labrs dus difficillims prius perfcisset; et cum
Isn dxisset s ad omnia percula subeunda partum esse, quid fier
vellet ostendit. Prmum iungend erant duo taur speci horribil, qu
flamms ex re dbant; tum hs incts ager qudam arandus erat et
dents dracnis serend. Hs audts Isn ets rem esse summ percul
intellegbat, tamen, n hanc occsinem re bene gerendae mitteret,
negtium suscpit.
68. _THE MAGIC OINTMENT_
Mda, rgis flia, Isonem adamvit, et ubi audvit eum tantum perculum
subitrum esse, rem aegr ferbat. Intellegbat enim patrem suum hunc
labrem prposuisse e ips cnsili, ut Isn morertur. Quae cum ita
essent, Mda, quae summam scientiam medicnae habbat, hc cnsilium
iniit. Medi nocte nsciente patre ex urbe vsit, et postquam in monts
fnitims vnit, herbs qusdam carpsit; tum sc express unguentum
parvit quod v su corpus aleret nervsque cnfrmret. Hc fact Ison
unguentum dedit; praecpit autem ut e di qu ist labrs cnficiend
essent corpus suum et arma mne oblineret. Isn ets paene omnibus
hominibus mgnitdine et vribus corporis antecellbat (vta enim omnis
in vntinibus atque in studi re mlitris cnsmbtur), tamen hc
cnsilium nn neglegendum esse cnsbat.
69. _THE SOWING OF THE DRAGON'S TEETH_
Ubi is dis vnit quem rx ad arandum agrum dxerat, Isn ort lce cum
socis ad locum cnstittum s contulit. Ibi stabulum ingns repperit, in
qu taur erant incls; tum ports aperts taurs in lcem trxit, et
summ cum difficultte iugum imposuit. At Aets cum vidret taurs nihil
contr Isonem valre, mgnopere mrtus est; nescibat enim fliam suam

auxilium e dedisse. Tum Isn omnibus aspicientibus agrum arre coepit,

qu in r tantam dligentiam praebuit ut ante merdiem ttum opus
cnfcerit. Hc fact ad locum ubi rx sedbat adiit et dents dracnis
postulvit; qus ubi accpit, in agrum quem arverat mgn cum dligenti
sparsit. Hrum autem dentium ntra erat tlis ut in e loc ubi sments
factae essent vir armt mr qudam mod ggnerentur.
70. _A STRANGE CROP_
Nndum tamen Isn ttum opus cnfcerat; imperverat enim e Aets ut
armts virs qu dentibus ggnerentur slus interficeret. Postquam
igitur omns dents in agrum sparsit, Isn lassitdine exanimtus quit
s trdidit, dum vir ist ggnerentur. Paucs hrs dormibat, sub
vesperum tamen somn subit excittus rem ita vnisse ut praedictum
esset cgnvit; nam in omnibus agr partibus vir ingent mgnitdine
corporis gladis galesque armt mrum in modum terr oribantur. Hc
cgnit Isn cnsilium quod dedisset Mda nn omittendum esse putbat.
Saxum igitur ingns (ita enim Mda praecperat) in medis virs
conicit. Ill undique ad locum concurrrunt, et cum quisque sibi id
saxum nesci cr habre vellet, mgna contrversia orta est. Mox stricts
gladis inter s pgnre coeprunt, et cum hc mod plrim occs
essent, reliqu vulneribus cnfect Isone nll negti interfect
sunt.
71. _THE FLIGHT OF MEDEA_
Rx Aets ubi Isonem labrem prpositum cnfcisse cgnvit, r
graviter commtus est; id enim per dolum factum esse intellegbat; nec
dubitbat qun Mda e auxilium tulisset. Mda autem cum intellegeret
s in mgn fore percul s in rgi manret, fug saltem petere
cnstituit. Omnibus rbus igitur ad fugam parts medi nocte nsciente
patre cum frtre Absyrt vsit, et quam celerrim ad locum ubi Arg
subducta erat s contulit. E cum vnisset, ad peds Isonis s pricit,
et mults cum lacrims eum obsecrvit n in tant discrmine mulierem
dsereret quae e tantum prfuisset. Ille quod memori tenbat s per
ius auxilium mgn percul vsisse, libenter eam excpit, et
postquam causam veniend audvit, horttus est n patris ram timret.
Prmsit autem s quam prmum eam in nv su vectrum.
72. _THE SEIZURE OF THE FLEECE_
Postrdi ius di Isn cum socis sus ort lce nvem ddxit, et
tempesttem idneam nact ad eum locum rms contendrunt, qu in loc
Mda vellus cltum esse dmnstrbat. Cum e vnissent, Isn in terram
gressus est, et socis ad mare relicts, qu praesidi nv essent, ipse
cum Md in silvs s contulit. Pauca mlia passuum per silvam
prgressus vellus quod quaerbat ex arbore suspnsum vdit. Id tamen
auferre erat summae difficulttis; nn modo enim locus ipse gregi et
ntr et arte erat mntus, sed etiam drac qudam speci terribil
arborem custdibat. Tum Mda, quae, ut supr dmnstrvimus, medicnae
summam scientiam habuit, rmum quem d arbore proxim dripuerat venn
nfcit. Hc fact ad locum appropinquvit, et dracnem, qu faucibus
aperts ius adventum exspectbat, venn sparsit; deinde, dum drac
somn oppressus dormit, Isn vellus aureum d arbore dripuit et cum
Md quam celerrim pedem rettulit.
73. _THE RETURN TO THE ARGO_
Dum autem ea geruntur, Argonautae, qu ad mare relict erant, nxi anim
reditum Isonis exspectbant; id enim negtium summ esse percul

intellegbant. Postquam igitur ad occsum slis frstr exspectvrunt,

d ius salte dsprre coeprunt, nec dubitbant qun aliqu csus
accidisset. Quae cum ita essent, mtrandum sibi cnsurunt, ut duc
auxilium ferrent; sed dum proficsc parant, lmen quoddam subit
cnspiciunt mrum in modum intr silvs refulgns, et mgnopere mrt
quae causa esset ius re ad locum concurrunt. Qu cum vnissent, Ison
et Mdae advenientibus occurrrunt, et vellus aureum lminis ius causam
esse cgnvrunt. Omn timre sublt mgn cum gaudi ducem suum
excprunt, et ds grtis mxims grunt quod rs tam flciter
vnisset.
74. _THE PURSUIT_
Hs rbus gests omns sine mor nvem rrsus cnscendrunt, et sublts
ancors prm vigili solvrunt; neque enim satis ttum esse arbitrt
sunt in e loc manre. At rx Aets, qu iam ante inimc in es fuerat
anim, ubi cgnvit fliam suam nn modo ad Argonauts s recpisse sed
etiam ad vellus auferendum auxilium tulisse, hc dolre gravius exrsit.
Nvem longam quam celerrim ddc iussit, et mlitibus imposits
fugients nsectus est. Argonautae, qu rem in discrmine esse bene
scibant, omnibus vribus rms contendbant; cum tamen nvis qu
vehbantur ingent esset mgnitdine, nn edem celeritte qu Colch
prgred poterant. Qu factum est ut minimum abesset qun Colchs
sequentibus caperentur, neque enim longius intererat quam qu tlum adic
posset. At Mda cum vdisset qu in loc rs essent, paene omn sp
dposit nfandum hc cnsilium cpit.
75. _A FEARFUL EXPEDIENT_
Erat in nv Argonautrum flius qudam rgis Aetae, nmine Absyrtus,
quem, ut supr dmnstrvimus, Mda ex urbe fugins scum abdxerat.
Hunc puerum Mda interficere cnstituit e cnsili, ut membrs ius in
mare coniects cursum Colchrum impedret; cert enim scibat Aetem, cum
membra fl vdisset, nn longius prsectrum esse. Neque opni Mdam
fefellit, omnia enim ita vnrunt ut sprverat. Aets ubi prmum
membra vdit, ad ea conligenda nvem tenr iussit. Dum tamen ea
geruntur, Argonautae nn intermiss rmigand labre mox cnspect
hostium auferbantur, neque prius fugere dstitrunt quam ad flmen
ridanum pervnrunt. Aets nihil sibi prfutrum esse arbitrtus s
longius prgressus esset, anim dmiss domum revertit, ut fl corpus ad
sepultram daret.
76. _THE BARGAIN WITH PELIAS_
Tandem post multa percula Isn in eundem locum pervnit unde profectus
erat. Tum nv gressus ad rgem Peliam, qu rgnum adhc obtinbat,
statim s contulit, et vellere aure mnstrt ab e postulvit ut rgnum
sibi trdertur; Pelis enim pollicitus erat, s Isn vellus
rettulisset, s rgnum e trditrum. Postquam Isn quid fier vellet
ostendit, Pelis prm nihil respondit, sed di in edem trstiti
tacitus permnsit; tandem ita loctus est: "Vids m aette iam esse
cnfectum, neque dubium est qun dis suprmus mihi appropinquet. Liceat
igitur mihi, dum vvam, hc rgnum obtinre; cum autem tandem dcesser,
t mihi succds." Hc rtine adductus Isn respondit s id factrum
quod ille rogsset.
77. _MAGIC ARTS_
Hs rbus cgnits Mda rem aegr tulit, et rgn cupiditte adducta
mortem rg per dolum nferre cnstituit. Hc cnstitt ad flis rgis

vnit atque ita locta est: "Vidtis patrem vestrum aette iam esse
cnfectum neque ad labrem rgnand perferendum satis valre. Vultisne
eum rrsus iuvenem fier?" Tum fliae rgis ita respondrunt: "Num hc
fier potest? Quis enim umquam sene iuvenis factus est?" At Mda
respondit: "M medicnae summam habre scientiam sctis. Nunc igitur
vbis dmnstrb qu mod haec rs fier possit." Postquam fnem
loquend fcit, arietem aette iam cnfectum interfcit et membra ius in
vse ane posuit, atque gn supposit in aquam herbs qusdam infdit.
Tum, dum aqua effervsceret, carmen magicum cantbat. Mox aris vse
exsiluit et vribus refects per agrs currbat.
78. _A DANGEROUS EXPERIMENT_
Dum fliae rgis hc mrculum stupents intuentur, Mda ita locta est:
"Vidtis quantum valeat medicna. Vs igitur, s vultis patrem vestrum in
adulscentiam redcere, id quod fc ipsae facitis. Vs patris membra in
vs conicite; ego herbs magics praebb." Quod ubi audtum est, fliae
rgis cnsilium quod dedisset Mda nn omittendum putvrunt. Patrem
igitur Peliam necvrunt et membra ius in vs aneum conicrunt; nihil
autem dubitbant qun hc mxim e prfutrum esset. At rs omnn
aliter vnit ac sprverant, Mda enim nn esdem herbs dedit quibus
ipsa sa erat. Itaque postquam di frstr exspectvrunt, patrem suum r
vr mortuum esse intellxrunt. Hs rbus gests Mda s cum coniuge
su rgnum acceptram esse sprbat; sed cvs cum intellegerent qu mod
Pelis periisset, tantum scelus aegr tulrunt. Itaque Isone et Md
rgn expulss Acastum rgem crevrunt.
79. _A FATAL GIFT_
Isn et Mda Thessali expuls ad urbem Corinthum vnrunt, cius
urbis Cren qudam rgnum tum obtinbat. Erat autem Creont flia na,
nmine Glauc. Quam cum vdisset, Isn cnstituit Mdae uxr suae
nntium mittere e cnsili, ut Glaucn in mtrimnium dceret. At Mda
ubi intellxit quae ille in anim habret, r graviter commta ire
irand cnfrmvit s tantam iniriam ultram. Hc igitur cnsilium
cpit. Vestem parvit summ arte textam et varis colribus nfectam;
hanc mortifer qudam venn tinxit, cius vs tlis erat ut s quis eam
vestem induisset, corpus ius quasi gn rertur. Hc fact vestem ad
Glaucn msit; illa autem nihil mal suspicns dnum libenter accpit, et
vestem novam mre fminrum statim induit.
80. _MEDEA KILLS HER SONS_
Vix vestem induerat Glauc cum dolrem gravem per omnia membra snsit, et
paul post crdl crucit adfecta vt excessit. Hs rbus gests
Mda furre atque menti impulsa flis sus necvit; tum mgnum sibi
fore perculum arbitrta s in Thessali manret, ex e regine fugere
cnstituit. Hc cnstitt slem rvit ut in tant percul auxilium
sibi praebret. Sl autem hs precibus commtus currum msit cui erant
inct dracns ls nstrct. Mda nn omittendam tantam occsinem
arbitrta currum ascendit, itaque per era vecta incolumis ad urbem
Athns pervnit. Isn ipse brev tempore mr mod occsus est. Accidit
sve cs sve cnsili derum ut sub umbr nvis suae, quae in ltus
subducta erat, dormret. Mox nvis, quae adhc rcta steterat, in eam
partem ubi Isn iacbat subit dlapsa virum nflcem oppressit.
[Illustration: MEDEA MEDITATING THE MURDER OF HER SONS]

ULYSSES
_Ulysses, a famous Greek hero, took a prominent part in the long siege of
Troy. After the fall of the city, he set out with his followers on his
homeward voyage to Ithaca, an island of which he was king; but being
driven out of his course by northerly winds, he was compelled to touch at
the country of the Lotus-eaters, who are supposed to have lived on the
north coast of Africa. Some of his comrades were so delighted with the
lotus fruit that they wished to remain in the country, but Ulysses
compelled them to embark again and continued his voyage. He next came to
the island of Sicily, and fell into the hands of the giant Polyphmus,
one of the Cyclpes. After several of his comrades had been killed by
this monster, Ulysses made his escape by stratagem and reached the
country of the winds. Here he received the help of Aeolus, king of the
winds, and having set sail again, arrived within sight of Ithaca; but
owing to the folly of his companions, the winds became suddenly adverse
and he was again driven back. He then touched at an island which was the
home of Circe, a powerful enchantress, who exercised her charms on his
companions and turned them into swine. By the help of the god Mercury,
Ulysses not only escaped this fate himself, but also forced Circe to
restore her victims to human shape. After staying a year with Circe, he
again set out and eventually reached his home_.
81. _HOMEWARD BOUND_
Urbem Triam Graecs decem anns obsessam esse satis cnstat; d hc
enim bell Homrus, mximus potrum Graecrum, liadem opus ntissimum
scrpsit. Tri tandem per nsidis capt, Graec long bell fess domum
redre mtrvrunt. Omnibus rbus igitur ad profectinem parts nvs
ddxrunt, et tempesttem idneam nact mgn cum gaudi solvrunt. Erat
inter prms Graecrum Ulixs qudam, vir summae virttis ac prdentiae,
quem dcunt nnnll dolum istum excgitsse qu Triam captam esse
cnstat. Hc rgnum nsulae Ithacae obtinuerat, et paul antequam cum
reliqus Graecs ad bellum profectus est, puellam frmsissimam, nmine
Pnelopn, in mtrimnium dxerat. Nunc igitur cum iam decem anns quasi
in exsili cnsmpsisset, mgn cupiditte patriae et uxris videndae
rdbat.
82. _THE LOTUS-EATERS_
Postquam tamen pauca mlia passuum ltore Triae progress sunt, tanta
tempests subit coorta est ut nlla nvium cursum tenre posset, sed
aliae alis in parts disicerentur. Nvis autem qu ipse Ulixs vehbtur
v tempesttis ad merdiem dlta decim di ad ltus Libyae appulsa est.
Ancors iacts Ulixs cnstituit nnnlls socis in terram expnere,
qu aquam ad nvem referrent et qulis esset ntra ius reginis
cgnscerent. H igitur nv gress imperta facere parbant. Dum
tamen fontem quaerunt, quibusdam ex incols obviam fact ab is hospiti
accept sunt. Accidit autem ut mior pars vcts erum hominum in mr
qudam frct quem ltum appellbant cnsisteret. Quam cum Graec
gustssent, patriae et socirum statim oblt cnfrmvrunt s semper in
e terr mnsrs, ut dulc ill cib in perpetuum vscerentur.
83. _THE RESCUE_
Ulixs cum ab hr septim ad vesperum exspectsset, veritus n soci su
in percul versrentur, nnnlls reliqus msit, ut quae causa esset

morae cgnscerent. H igitur in terram exposit ad vcum qu nn long

aberat s contulrunt; qu cum vnissent, socis sus quasi vn bris
repperrunt. Tum ubi causam veniend docurunt, is persudre cnbantur
ut scum ad nvem redrent. Ill tamen resistere ac man s dfendere
coeprunt, saepe clmitants s numquam ex e loc abitrs. Quae cum ita
essent, nnti r nfect ad Ulixem redirunt. Hs rbus cgnits ipse
cum omnibus qu in nv relict erant ad locum vnit; et socis sus
frstr horttus ut su sponte redrent, manibus erum post terga vincts
invts ad nvem reportvit. Tum ancors sublts quam celerrim port
solvit.
84. _THE ONE-EYED GIANT_
Postquam e tt nocte rms contendrunt, postrdi ad terram gntam
nvem appulrunt. Tum, quod ntram ius reginis gnrbat, ipse Ulixs
cum duodecim socis in terram gressus loca explrre cnstituit.
Paulum ltore prgress ad spluncam ingentem pervnrunt, quam
habitr snsrunt; ius enim introitum et ntr loc et man mntum
esse animadvertrunt. Mox, ets intellegbant s nn sine percul id
factrs, spluncam intrvrunt; quod cum fcissent, mgnam cpiam lactis
in vss ingentibus conditam invnrunt. Dum tamen mrantur quis in e
sde habitret, sonitum terribilem audvrunt, et oculs ad portam torts
mnstrum horribile vdrunt, hmn quidem speci et figr, sed ingent
mgnitdine corporis. Cum autem animadvertissent mnstrum num oculum
tantum habre in medi fronte positum, intellxrunt hunc esse num
Cyclpibus, d quibus fmam iam accperant.
85. _THE GIANT'S SUPPER_
Cyclps autem pstrs erant qudam qu nsulam Siciliam et praecipu
montem Aetnam incolbant; ibi enim Volcnus, praeses fabrrum et gnis
repertor, cius serv Cyclps erant, officnam suam habbat.
Graec igitur simul ac mnstrum vdrunt, terrre paene exanimt in
interirem partem spluncae refgrunt et s ibi abdere cnbantur.
Polyphmus autem (sc enim Cyclps appellbtur) pecus suum in spluncam
compulit; deinde, cum sax ingent portam obstrxisset, gnem in medi
splunc fcit. Hc fact, ocul omnia perlstrbat, et cum snsisset
homins in interire parte spluncae esse abdits, mgn vce exclmvit:
"Qu homins estis? Merctrs an latrns?" Tum Ulixs respondit s
neque merctrs esse neque praedand caus vnisse; sed Tri
redeunts v tempesttum rct curs dpulss esse. rvit etiam ut
sibi sine iniri abre licret. Tum Polyphmus quaesvit ubi esset nvis
qu vect essent; sed Ulixs cum sibi mxim praecavendum esse bene
intellegeret, respondit nvem suam in rps coniectam omnn frctam
esse. Polyphmus autem nll respns dat duo socis man corripuit,
et membrs erum dvulss carnem dvorre coepit.
86. _A DESPERATE SITUATION_
Dum haec geruntur, Graecrum anims tantus terror occupvit ut n vcem
quidem dere possent, sed omn sp saltis dposit mortem praesentem
exspectrent. Polyphmus, postquam fams hc tam horribil cn dpulsa
est, hum prstrtus somn s dedit. Quod cum vdisset Ulixs, tantam
occsinem re gerendae nn omittendam arbitrtus, in e erat ut pectus
mnstr gladi trnsfgeret. Cum tamen nihil temer agendum exstimret,
cnstituit explrre, antequam hc faceret, qu ratine ex splunc
vdere possent. At cum saxum animadvertisset qu introitus obstrctus
erat, nihil sibi prfutrum intellxit s Polyphmum interfcisset. Tanta
enim erat ius sax mgnitd ut n decem quidem hominibus movr

posset. Quae cum ita essent, Ulixs hc cnt dstitit et ad socis

rediit; qu cum intellxissent qu in loc rs essent, nll sp saltis
oblt d fortns sus dsprre coeprunt. Ille tamen n anims
dmitterent vehementer horttus est; dmnstrvit s iam ante mults
et mgns perculs vsisse, neque dubium esse qun in tant discrmine
d auxilium ltr essent.
87. _A PLAN FOR VENGEANCE_
Ort lce Polyphmus iam somn excittus idem quod hestern di fcit;
correpts enim dubus reliqus virs carnem erum sine mor dvorvit.
Tum, cum saxum mvisset, ipse cum pecore su ex splunc prgressus est;
quod cum Graec vidrent, mgnam in spem s post paulum vsrs
vnrunt. Mox tamen ab hc sp repuls sunt; nam Polyphmus, postquam
omns ovs exirunt, saxum in locum restituit. Reliqu omn sp saltis
dposit lments lacrimsque s ddidrunt; Ulixs vr, qu, ut supr
dmnstrvimus, vir mgn fuit cnsil, ets intellegbat rem in
discrmine esse, nndum omnn dsprbat. Tandem, postquam di haec tt
anim cgitvit, hc cnsilium cpit. lgns quae in splunc reposita
erant plum mgnum dlgit. Hunc summ cum dligenti praeactum fcit;
tum, postquam socis quid fier vellet ostendit, reditum Polyphm
exspectbat.
88. _A GLASS TOO MUCH_
Sub vesperum Polyphmus ad spluncam rediit, et edem mod qu ante
cnvit. Tum Ulixs trem vn prmpsit, quem forte (id quod e erat
salt) scum attulerat; et postquam mgnum pculum vn complvit,
mnstrum ad bibendum prvocvit. Polyphmus, qu numquam ante vnum
gustverat, ttum pculum statim exhausit; quod cum fcisset, tantam
volupttem percpit ut iterum et tertium pculum replr iusserit. Tum,
cum quaesvisset qu nmine Ulixs appellrtur, ille respondit s
Nminem appellar; quod cum audvisset, Polyphmus ita loctus est:
"Hanc, tibi grtiam pr tant benefici referam; t postrmum omnium
dvorb." Hc cum dxisset, cib vnque gravis recubuit et brev
tempore somn oppressus est. Tum Ulixs socis convocts, "Habmus,"
inquit, "quam petiimus faculttem; n igitur tantam occsinem re
gerendae omittmus."
89. _THE BLINDING OF POLYPHEMUS_
Hc rtine habit, postquam extrmum plum gn calefcit, oculum
Polyphm dormientis fervent lgn perfdit; qu fact omns in dverss
spluncae parts s abdidrunt. At ille subit ill dolre ocul somn
excittus clmrem terribilem sustulit, et dum per spluncam errat,
Ulixem man prehendere cnbtur; cum tamen iam omnn caecus esset,
nll mod hc efficere potuit. Intere reliqu Cyclps clmre audt
undique ad spluncam convnrunt, et ad introitum adstants quid
Polyphmus ageret quaesvrunt, et quam ob causam tantum clmrem
sustulisset. Ille respondit s graviter vulnertum esse et mgn dolre
adfic. Cum tamen poste quaesvissent quis e vim intulisset, respondit
ille Nminem id fcisse; quibus rbus audts nus Cyclpibus: "At s
nm," inquit, "t vulnervit, haud dubium est qun cnsili derum,
quibus resistere nec possumus nec volumus, hc supplici adficiris." Hc
cum dxisset, abirunt Cyclps eum in nsniam incidisse arbitrt.
90. _THE ESCAPE_
Polyphmus ubi socis sus abiisse snsit, furre atque menti impulsus
Ulixem iterum quaerere coepit; tandem cum portam invnisset, saxum qu

obstrcta erat mvit, ut pecus in agrs exret. Tum ipse in introit

cnsdit, et ut quaeque ovis ad hunc locum vnerat, ius tergum manibus
trctbat, n vir inter ovs exre possent. Quod cum animadvertisset
Ulixs, intellxit omnem spem saltis in dol magis quam in virtte pn.
Itaque hc cnsilium iniit. Prmum trs qus vidit pinguissims ex ovibus
dlgit, qus cum inter s viminibus coninxisset, num ex socis sus
ventribus erum ita subicit ut omnn latret; deinde ovs hominem scum
ferents ad portam git. Id accidit quod fore suspictus erat. Polyphmus
enim postquam terga ovium manibus trctvit, es praeterre passus est.
Ulixs ubi rem tam flciter vnisse vdit, omns socis sus ex rdine
edem mod msit; qu fact ipse novissimus vsit.
91. _OUT OF DANGER_
Is rbus ita cnfects, Ulixs veritus n Polyphmus fraudem sentret,
cum socis quam celerrim ad ltus contendit; qu cum vnissent, ab is
qu nv praesidi relict erant mgn cum laetiti except sunt. H enim
cum nxis anims iam trs dis continus reditum erum exspectvissent,
es in aliquod perculum mgnum incidisse (id quidem quod erat)
suspict, ips auxiliand caus gred parbant. Tum Ulixs nn satis
ttum arbitrtus in e loc manre, quam celerrim profissc cnstituit.
Iussit igitur omns nvem cnscendere, et ancors sublts paulum
ltore in altum prvectus est. Tum mgn vce exclmvit: "T, Polyphme,
qu ira hospit spernis, istam et dbitam poenam immnittis tuae
solvist." Hc vce audt Polyphmus r vehementer commtus ad mare s
contulit, et ubi nvem paulum ltore remtam esse intellxit, saxum
ingns man correptum in eam partem conicit unde vcem venre snsit.
Graec autem, ets nn multum fuit qun submergerentur, nll damn
accept cursum tenurunt.
92. _THE COUNTRY OF THE WINDS_
Pauca mlia passuum ab e loc prgressus Ulixs ad nsulam Aeoliam nvem
appulit. Haec patria erat ventrum,
"Hc vst rx Aeolus antr
luctants vents tempesttsque sonrs
imperi premit ac vincls et carcere frnat."
Ibi rx ipse Graecs hospiti excpit, atque is persusit ut ad
recuperands vrs paucs dis in e regine commorrentur. Septim di
cum soci labribus s recpissent, Ulixs, n ann tempore
nvigtine excldertur, sibi sine mor proficscendum statuit. Tum
Aeolus, qu scibat Ulixem cupidissimum esse patriae videndae, e iam
profectr mgnum saccum cori cnfectum dedit, in qu vents omns
praeter num inclserat. Zephyrum tantum solverat, quod ille ventus ab
nsul Aeoli ad Ithacam nvigant est secundus. Ulixs hc dnum
libenter accpit, et grtis pr tant benefici cts saccum ad mlum
adligvit. Tum omnibus rbus ad profectinem parts merdin fer
tempore port solvit.
93. _THE WIND-BAG_
Novem dis secundissim vent cursum tenurunt, iamque in cnspectum
patriae suae vnerant, cum Ulixs lassitdine cnfectus (ipse enim
gubernbat) ad quitem capiendam recubuit. At soci, qu iam ddum
mrbantur quid in ill sacc inclsum esset, cum ducem somn oppressum
vidrent, tantam occsinem nn omittendam arbitrt sunt; crdbant enim
aurum et argentum ibi esse clta. Itaque sp lucr adduct saccum sine
mor solvrunt, qu fact vent

"velut gmine fact

qu data porta ruunt, et terrs turbine perflant."
Hc tanta tempests subit coorta est ut ill cursum tenre nn possent
sed in eandem partem unde erant profect referrentur. Ulixs somn
excittus qu in loc rs esset statim intellxit; saccum soltum,
Ithacam post tergum relictam vdit. Tum vr r vehementer exrsit
socisque obirgbat quod cupiditte pecniae adduct spem patriae
videndae pricissent.
94. _A DRAWING OF LOTS_
Brev spati intermiss Graec nsulae cuidam appropinquvrunt in qu
Circ, flia Slis, habitbat. Qu cum nvem appulisset, Ulixs in terram
frmentand caus grediendum esse statuit; nam cgnverat frmentum quod
in nv habrent iam dficere. Socis igitur ad s convocts qu in loc
rs esset et quid fier vellet ostendit. Cum tamen omns memori tenrent
quam crdl morte nect essent i qu nper nv gress essent, nm
repertus est qu hc negtium suscipere vellet. Quae cum ita essent, rs
ad contrversiam dducta est. Tandem Ulixs cnsns omnium socis in
dus parts dvsit, qurum alter Eurylochus, vir summae virttis,
alter ipse praeesse. Tum h inter s sortt sunt uter in terram
gredertur. Hc fact, Euryloch sorte vnit ut cum dubus et vgint
socis rem susciperet.
95. _THE HOUSE OF THE ENCHANTRESS_
Hs rbus ita cnstittis i qu sortt erant in interirem partem
nsulae profect sunt. Tantus tamen timor anims erum occupverat ut
nihil dubitrent qun mort obviam rent. Vix quidem poterant i qu in
nv relict erant lacrims tenre; crdbant enim s socis sus numquam
post hc tempus vsrs. Ill autem aliquantum itineris prgress ad
vllam quandam pervnrunt summ mgnificenti aedifictam, cius ad
stium cum adiissent, cantum dulcissimum audvrunt. Tanta autem fuit
ius vcis dulcd ut nll mod retinr possent qun inuam pulsrent.
Hc fact ipsa Circ fors exiit, et summ cum bengnitte omns in
hospitium invtvit. Eurylochus nsidis sibi comparr suspictus fors
exspectre cnstituit, sed reliqu re novitte adduct intrvrunt.
Cnam mgnificam omnibus rbus nstrctam invnrunt et iss dominae
libentissim accuburunt. At Circ vnum quod serv apposurunt
medicment qudam miscuerat; quod cum Graec bibissent, grav somn
subit oppress sunt.
96. _THE CHARM_
Tum Circ, quae artis magicae summam scientiam habbat, bacul aure quod
gerbat capita erum tetigit; qu fact omns in porcs subit convers
sunt. Intere Eurylochus gnrus quid in aedibus agertur ad stium
sedbat; postquam tamen ad slis occsum nxi anim et sollicit
exspectvit, slus ad nvem regred cnstituit. E cum vnisset,
sollicitdine ac timre tam perturbtus fuit ut quae vdisset vix
dlcid nrrre posset. Ulixs autem satis intellxit socis sus in
percul versr, et gladi corrept Euryloch impervit ut sine mor
viam ad istam domum dmnstrret. Ille tamen mults cum lacrims Ulixem
complexus obsecrre coepit n in tantum perculum s committeret; s quid
gravius e accidisset, omnium saltem in summ discrmine futram. Ulixs
autem respondit s nminem invtum scum adductrum; e licre, s
mllet, in nv manre; s ipsum sine ll praesidi rem susceptrum. Hc
cum mgn vce dxisset, nv dsiluit et nll sequente slus in viam

s dedit.
97. _THE COUNTERCHARM_
Aliquantum itineris prgressus ad vllam mgnificam pervnit, quam cum
oculs perlstrsset, statim intrre statuit; intellxit enim hanc esse
eandem domum d qu Eurylochus mentinem fcisset. At cum in e esset ut
lmen intrret, subit e obviam stetit adulscns frm pulcherrim
aureum baculum gerns. Hc Ulixem iam domum intrantem man corripuit et,
"Qu ruis?" inquit. "Nnne scs hanc esse Circs domum? Hc incls sunt
amc tu ex hmn speci in porcs convers. Num vs ipse in eandem
calamittem venre?" Ulixs simul ac vcem audvit, deum Mercurium
gnvit; nlls tamen precibus ab nstitt cnsili dterrr potuit.
Quod cum Mercurius snsisset, herbam quandam e dedit, quam contr
carmina multum valre dcbat. "Hanc cape," inquit, "et ubi Circ t
bacul tetigerit, t strict gladi impetum in eam vid ut facis."
Mercurius postquam fnem loquend fcit,
"mortls vss medi sermne relquit,
et procul in tenuem ex oculs vnuit auram."
98. _THE ENCHANTRESS IS FOILED_
Brev intermiss spati Ulixs ad omnia percula subeunda partus inuam
pulsvit, et foribus patefacts ab ips Circ bengn exceptus est. Omnia
edem mod atque ante facta sunt. Cnam mgnific nstrctam vdit et
accumbere issus est. Mox, ubi fams cib dpulsa est, Circ pculum
aureum vn repltum Ulix dedit. Ille ets suspictus est vennum sibi
partum esse, pculum exhausit; qu fact Circ postquam caput ius
bacul tetigit, ea verba locta est quibus socis ius ante in porcs
converterat. Rs tamen omnn aliter vnit atque illa sprverat. Tanta
enim vs erat ius herbae quam Ulix Mercurius dederat ut neque vennum
neque verba quicquam efficere possent. Ulixs autem, ut e praeceptum
erat, gladi strict impetum in eam fcit et mortem minitbtur. Circ
cum artem suam nihil valre snsisset, mults cum lacrims eum obsecrre
coepit n sibi vtam adimeret.
99. _MEN ONCE MORE_
Ulixs autem ubi snsit eam timre perterritam esse, postulvit ut socis
sus sine mor in hmnam speciem redceret (certior enim factus erat
de Mercuri es in porcs converss esse); nisi id factum esset, s
dbits poens smptrum ostendit. Circ hs rbus graviter commta e ad
peds s pricit, et mults cum lacrims ire irand cnfrmvit s
quae ille impersset omnia factram. Tum porcs in trium immitt iussit.
Ill dat sgn inrurunt, et cum ducem suum gnvissent, mgn dolre
adfect sunt quod nll mod eum d rbus sus certirem facere poterant.
Circ tamen unguent qudam corpora erum nxit; qu fact sunt omns
statim in hmnam speciem reduct. Mgn cum gaudi Ulixs sus amcs
gnvit, et nntium ad ltus msit, qu reliqus Graecs socis recepts
esse dceret. Ill autem hs rbus cgnits statim ad domum Circaeam s
contulrunt; qu cum vnissent, nivers laetitiae s ddidrunt.
[Illustration: ULYSSES AND CIRCE]
100. _AFLOAT AGAIN_
Postrdi ius di Ulixs ex hc nsul quam celerrim discdere in
anim habbat. Circ tamen cum haec cgnvisset, ex odi ad amrem
conversa omnibus precibus eum rre et obtestr coepit ut paucs dis

apud s morrtur; qu r tandem impetrt tanta beneficia in eum

contulit ut facile e persusum sit ut ditius manret. Postquam tamen
ttum annum apud Circn cnsmpserat, Ulixs mgn dsderi patriae
suae mtus est. Socis igitur ad s convocts quid in anim habret
ostendit. Ubi tamen ad ltus dscendit, nvem suam tempesttibus tam
adflctam invnit ut ad nvigandum paene intilis esset. Hc r cgnit
omnia quae ad nvs reficiends su essent comparr iussit, qu in r
tantam dligentiam omns adhibbant ut ante tertium diem opus
perfcerint. At Circ ubi omnia ad profectinem parta esse vdit, rem
aegr ferbat et Ulixem vehementer obsecrbat ut e cnsili dsisteret.
Ille tamen, n ann tempore a nvigtine excldertur, mtrandum sibi
exstimvit, et tempesttem idneam nactus nvem solvit. Multa quidem
percula Ulix subeunda erant antequam in patriam suam pervenret, quae
tamen hc loc longum est perscrbere.

NOTES
PERSEUS
_The numbers refer to the page of text and the line on the page
respectively_.
3.6. Dana. Many proper names in this book are words borrowed by Latin
from Greek, and have forms not given in the regular Latin declensions. It
will not be necessary to learn the declension of such words.
7. enim. This word commonly stands second in its clause.
8. turbbat. Notice that this verb and dormibat below are in the
imperfect tense to denote a state of things existing at the past time
indicated by territa est.
autem. This word has the same peculiarity of position as enim; so also
igitur, which occurs in line 11.
12. Serphum. Notice that Latin says 'the island Seriphos,' but English
more often 'the island of Seriphos.'
13. appulsa est. Postquam is regularly followed by the perfect or present
indicative, but the English translation usually requires the pluperfect.
15. qudam. _Qudam_ means 'certain' as applied to some person or thing
not fully described, while _certus_ means 'certain' in the sense of
'determined.' 'sure,'
ad domum. This means 'to the house'; 'to be brought home' would be _domum
addc_, without the preposition.
16. Ille is often used, as here, when the subject is changed to a person
mentioned in the preceding sentence. In this use it is to be translated
'he.'
18. benefici. See the derivation of this word in the vocabulary.
20. mults anns. Duration of time is regularly expressed in the

accusative case.
22. eam. Latin has no pronoun of the third person, and _is_ often takes
the place of one; it is then to be translated 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' 'they,'
according to its form.
25. haec. The literal translation would be 'these things,' but we must
say 'thus' or 'as follows.'
4. 1. es. With iam ddum and similar expressions of duration, the present
indicative is often used to denote an action or state begun in the past
but continuing in the present. The English equivalent is the perfect.
hc, is not the pronoun, but an adverb.
2. mihi. This dative may be translated 'for me.' How would 'to me' with a
verb of motion be put?
3. refer. _Dc, dc, faci_, and _fer_ have the imperative forms _dc,
dc, fac_, and _fer_, instead of _dce_, etc.
4. Perseus. When the subordinate and the principal clause of a Latin
sentence have the same subject, this usually stands first, followed by
the subordinate clause.
haec. Here a different rendering is required from that suggested in the
note on 3, 25. What is it? Notice that it is necessary to know the
literal significance of the Latin words, but that the translation must
often be something quite different if it is to be acceptable English. The
rule for translation is: Discover the exact meaning of the original; then
express the same idea correctly and, if you can, elegantly in the
language into which you are translating.
5. continentem. What is the derivation of this word?
vnit. Is this present or perfect? How do you know?
8. Graes. The Graeae were three old women who had one eye and one
tooth in common, and took turns in using them.
9. galeam. This belonged to Pluto, the god of the underworld of the dead,
and whosoever wore it was invisible. The story is that Perseus compelled
the Graeae to tell him how to obtain the helps to his enterprise by
seizing their tooth and eye.
11. pedibus, 'on his feet,' dative of indirect object.
induit. See the note on 3, 13.
era. _r_ is borrowed from Greek, and keeps this Greek form for its
accusative.
12. volbat. Distinguish between _vol, volre_, and _vol, velle_.
13. cters. _Cter_ is used to denote all not already named ('the
other'), while _ali_ denotes some of those who have not been already
named ('other').
14. speci horribil, 'of terrible appearance.' ablative of description.
A noun never stands alone in this construction,

erum. See the note on 3, 22.

15. contcta. This and factae below are used as predicate adjectives, not
to form the pluperfect passive with erant. Translate, therefore, 'were
covered.' not 'had been covered.'
18. vertbantur. The imperfect here denotes customary action, one of its
regular uses.
19. Ille. See the note on 3, 16.
20. hc mod, ablative of manner.
21. vnit, dormibat. The perfect simply expresses an action which took
place in past time, the imperfect tells of a state of things existing at
that past time.
25. fugit. When dum means 'while,' 'as,' it is followed by the present
indicative, even when used of past events.
26. fcit. Like _postquam_, ubi has the present or perfect indicative,
where English would use the pluperfect.
5. 2. ill tempore, ablative of time.
rgnbat. Observe the force of the tense, and try to find the reason for
each change of tense in this paragraph.
Hc. This must here be translated simply 'he.' Compare the use of Ille,
3, 16.
4. venibat. See the note on 4, 18.
6. omnium, 'of all men.' or 'of all.' The adjective is used as a noun, as
in the second of the English expressions.
rculum. It was believed in antiquity that the will of the gods and a
knowledge of future events might be learned at certain shrines, of which
the most famous were those of Apollo at Delphi, of Zeus or Jupiter at
Dodona, and of Hammon in Egypt. Hammon was really an Egyptian god,
represented as having the horns of a ram, but he was identified by the
Greeks with Zeus and by the Romans with Jupiter.
7. fliam. Where there is no ambiguity, the possessive is often omitted
in Latin.
8. autem, often, as here, simply introduces an explanation ('now'),
nmine, 'by name.'
9. Cpheus. See the note on _Perseus_, 4, 4.
10. cvs sus, 'his subjects.'
13. certam. See the note on _qudam_, 3, 15. _Dis_ is regularly
masculine, but when used of an appointed day it is often feminine.
omnia, 'all things,' 'everything,' or 'all.' See the note on _omnium_,
line 6.

16. dplrbant, tenbant. Be careful to show the meaning of the tense by

your translation.
18. quaerit. The present is often used of a past action instead of the
perfect, to bring the action more vividly before us as if it were taking
place now. This is called the historical present.
19. haec geruntur, 'this is going on.'
20. horribil. Here the adjective is made emphatic by being put before
its noun; in 4, 14 the same effect is gained by putting _horribil_ last
in its clause.
22. omnibus, dative of indirect object after the compound verb
_(in+iaci)_. Translate 'inspired in all,' but the literal meaning is
'threw into all.'
26. induit. See the note on 3, 13.
era. See the note on 4, 11.
6. 2. su, ius. Distinguish carefully between these words. _Suus_ is
used of something belonging to the subject, _ius_ of something belonging
to some other person or thing just mentioned.
5. volat. See the note on 4, 25.
7. sustulit. Notice that the perfect forms of _toll_ are the same as
those of _suffer (sub + fer)_, 'endure.'
8. neque, here to be translated 'and ... not.' _Neque_ is thus used
regularly for _et nn_.
13. exanimta, used here as a predicate adjective.
16. rettulit. 'To give thanks' or 'thank' is usually _grtis agere_, as
in 3, 19; _grtiam referre_ means 'to show one's gratitude,' 'to
recompense' or 'requite.'
18. dxit. This word came to mean 'marry,' because the bridegroom 'led'
his bride in a wedding procession to his own home. It will be seen,
therefore, that it can be used only of the man.
Paucs anns. See the note on 3, 20.
20. omns. What does the quantity of the _i_ tell you about the form?
7. 1. quod, not the relative pronoun, but a conjunction.
3. e, the adverb.
in trium. Although inrpit means 'burst _into_,' the preposition is
nevertheless required with the noun to express the place into which he
burst.
6. ille. See the note on _Perseus_, 4, 4.
8. Acris. In Nepos, Caesar, Cicero, and Vergil, the genitive singular of
second-declension nouns in _-ius_ and _-ium_ ends in __, not _i_; but

the nominative plural ends in _i_, and the dative and ablative plural in
_is_.
10. istud. Remember that _iste_ is commonly used of something connected
with the person addressed. Here the meaning may be 'that oracle I told
you of.' See 3, 4.
12. Lrsam. See the note on 3, 12.
neque enim, 'for ... not,' as if simply _nn enim_, but Latin uses _neque_
to connect the clauses.
14. in omns parts, 'in all directions' or 'in every direction.'
15. Mult. See the note on _omnium_, 5, 6.
17. discrum. The discus was a round, flat piece of stone or metal, and
the athletes tried to see who could throw it farthest.
18. cs. This is one of the ablatives of manner that do not take _cum_.
19. stbat. Notice the tense.
HERCULES
9. 2. omnium hominum. This means 'all men' in the sense of 'all mankind.'
3. derat. _d_ is perfect in form, but present in meaning; and the
pluperfect has in like manner the force of an imperfect.
5. medi nocte, 'in the middle of the night,' 'in the dead of night.'
7. Nec tamen, 'not ... however.' See the note on _neque enim,_ 7, 12.
8. movbant. Contrast this tense with appropinquverant and excitt
sunt.
13. Tl mod = _hc mod_, 4, 20.
20. puer, 'from a boy,' 'from boyhood.'
exercbat, the imperfect of customary action, as is also cnsmbat.
24. autem. See the note on 5, 8.
25. art, dative of indirect object with the intransitive verb studbat.
10. 2. omnibus vribus, 'with all his might,' ablative of manner.
3. vt. Notice that the preposition denoting separation appears both
with the noun and in the verb. Compare _in trium inrpit_, 7, 3.
4. neque quisquam, 'and not any one,' _i.e_. 'and no one.' _Quisquam_ is
used chiefly in negative sentences.
5. voluit, 'was willing.'
7. facit. See the note on 4, 25.
8. nmine. See the note on 5, 8.

9. vir crdlissimus, not 'cruelest man,' but 'most cruel man.' The
superlative is often thus used to denote simply a high degree of the
quality.
cnsuverat. Inceptive verbs end in _sc_ and denote the beginning of an
action or state. The perfect and pluperfect of such verbs often represent
the state of things resulting from the completion of the action, and are
then to be translated as present and imperfect respectively. So
_cnsusc_ = 'I am becoming accustomed,' _cnsuv_ = 'I have become
accustomed' or 'am accustomed,' _cnsuveram_ = 'I had become accustomed'
or 'was accustomed.'
11. sacrifici, 'for the sacrifice,' dative of purpose.
ea. Why is dis feminine here? See the note on _certam_, 5, 13.
12. omnia. See the note on 5, 13.
15. capitibus, dative of indirect object after the compound verb _(in +
pn)_.
16. iam. The omission of the conjunction that would naturally join this
clause with the preceding, and the repetition of _iam_, which thus in a
way connects the two clauses, reflect the imminence of the danger and
heighten our anxiety for the hero. Observe too how the tenses of the
verbs contribute to the vividness of the picture. We see Hercules at the
altar and the priest, knife in hand, about to give the fatal blow.
18. alter. Supply _ct_.
19. Thbs, locative case. Notice that some names of towns are plural in
form.
21. Thbns, dative with the adjective fnitim.
autem, 'now.'
22. Thbs. Names of towns are used without a preposition to express the
place to which.
23. venibant, postulbant, imperfect of customary action.
25. cvs sus, 'his fellow-citizens.' Compare 5, 10.
hc stpendi, ablative of separation.
27. atque. This conjunction adds an important statement by way of
supplement. Here the meaning is something like 'and not only that, but.'
11. 11. conversa. _Est_ and _sunt_ are frequently not expressed with the
perfect participle.
17. sus ipse su. Notice how the enormity of the crime is emphasized by
the use of all these words repeating the same idea.
23. rculum Delphicum. See the note on 5, 6.
hc rculum omnium = _hc omnium rculrum_.

25. Hc in templ. Monosyllabic prepositions often stand between the

noun and an adjective modifying it.
12. 1. qu. Remember that the relative pronoun agrees in gender, number,
and person with its antecedent; that its case depends upon its use. How
are the person and number of qu shown?
2. hominibus. See the note on 9, 2.
4. neque. See the note on 6, 8.
7. Tryntha. This is a Greek accusative form. See the note on _era_,
4, 11.
10. Duodecim anns, accusative of duration of time.
11. Eurysthe. The English verb 'serve' is transitive, but _servi_ ('be
subject to') is intransitive and takes an indirect object.
14. quae. See the note on line 1. What is the case of quae?
16. Prmum is chiefly used in enumeration, prm (line 6) in contrasting
an action or state with one that follows it.
19. scum. The preposition _cum_ follows and is joined to the reflexive
and personal pronouns, usually also to the relative pronoun.
22. neque enim. See the note on 7, 12.
26. resprand, the genitive of the gerund. It modifies facults. The
gerund corresponds to the English verbal noun in _-ing_.
13. 5. Hc. We might expect _haec_ referring to Hydram, but a
demonstrative pronoun is commonly attracted into the gender of the
predicate noun (here mnstrum).
cui erant, 'which had,' literally 'to which there were.' This
construction is found only with _sum_. It is called the dative of
possession.
8. rs. In rendering this word choose always with great freedom the most
suitable English word.
13. 8. mgn percul. We say 'one of great danger.'
9. ius. What possessive would be used to modify sinistr?
11. hc cnt, ablative of separation.
14. comprehendrunt. See the note on 3, 13.
unde = _ex quibus_.
16. auxili Hydrae, 'to the aid of the Hydra,' but literally for aid
(i.e. as aid) to the Hydra,' for Hydrae is dative. This is called the
double dative construction, auxili the dative of purpose, and Hydrae the
dative of reference, i.e. the dative denoting the person interested.
17. abscdit. See the note on 4, 25.

mordbat, 'kept biting,' the imperfect of repeated action.

18. tl mod. See the note on 9, 13.
interfcit. We have now had several verbs meaning 'kill.' _Interfici_ is
the most general of these; _nec_ (line 4) is used of killing by unusual
or cruel means, as by poison; _occd_ (12, 23) is most commonly used of
the 'cutting down' of an enemy in battle.
19. reddidit, as well as imbuit, has sagitts for its object, but we must
translate as if we had _es_ with reddidit.
22. ad s. Compare this construction with the use of the dative in 4, 2.
Notice that s does not refer to Herculem, the subject of referre, but to
Eurystheus, the subject of Iussit. When the reflexive thus refers to the
subject of the principal verb rather than to the subject of the
subordinate verb with which it s directly connected, it is called
indirect.
23. tantae audciae. The genitive of description, like the ablative of
description, consists always of a noun with some modifying word. Compare
_speci horribil_, 4, 14.
autem. Compare 5, 8 and 10, 21.
24. incrdibil celeritte, ablative of description.
25. vestgis, ablative of means.
26. ipsum, contrasts cervum with vestgis.
27. omnibus vribus. See the note on 10, 2.
14. 1. currbat, 'he kept running.'
sibi, dative of reference. It need not be translated,
ad quitem, 'for rest.' Purpose is frequently thus expressed by _ad_.
3. cucurrerat. The pluperfect is sometimes used with postquam when the
lapse of time is denoted.
4. curs, ablative of cause.
exanimtum = _qu exanimtus erat_. The participle is often equivalent to
a relative clause.
5. rettulit. See the note on 13, 19.
8. rem. See the note on _rs_, 13, 8.
10. apr, dative of indirect object after the compound verb (_ob +
curr_).
11. tmre perterritus. It is not necessary to translate both words.
13. inicit, i.e. upon the boar.
summ cum difficultte. Compare this with _omnibus vribus_, 13, 27, and
notice that _cum_ may be omitted with the ablative of manner when there

is an adjective. For the position of cum, see the note on 11, 25.
15. ad Eurystheum. We are told elsewhere that Eurystheus was so
frightened when he saw the boar that he hid in a cask.
vvus. Why have we the nominative here, but the accusative (vvum) in
line 5?
17. quart. The capture of the Erymanthian boar is usually given as the
third labor and the capture of the Cerynean stag as the fourth.
nrrvimus. The writer sometimes uses the first person plural in speaking
of himself, instead of the first person singular. This is called the
plural of modesty, and is the same as the English usage.
18. in Arcadiam. How does this differ in meaning from _in Arcadi_?
20. appeteret. The subjunctive introduced by cum, 'since,' may express
the reason for the action of the main verb.
23. Herculs. See the note on _Perseus_, 4, 4.
26. quod, conjunction, not pronoun.
reliqus centaurs, 'the rest of the centaurs,' 'the other centaurs.'
Compare _medi nocte_, 9, 5. Notice that _reliqu_ means about the same
as _cter_, and see the note on 4, 13.
28. inquit, historical present. This verb is used parenthetically with
direct quotations.
15. 1. dab. Notice that Latin is more exact than English in the use of
the future tense in subordinate clauses. In English we often use the
present in the subordinate clause and leave it to the principal verb to
show that the time is future.
7. pervnrunt. See the note on 4, 26.
10. cnstitit, from _cnsist_, not _cnst_.
16. fug. Latin says 'by flight,' not 'in flight.'
17. ex splunc. See the note on 10, 3.
21. locum, the direct object of Adiit, which is here transitive. We might
also have _ad locum_ with _ade_ used intransitively.
16. 4. Hercul. See the note on 10, 15.
labrem. This labor is usually given as the sixth, the destruction of the
Stymphalian birds as the fifth.
6. tria mlia boum, 'three thousand cattle,' literally 'three thousands
of cattle.' The partitive genitive is the regular construction with the
plural _mlia_, but the singular _mlle_ is commonly used as an
adjective, like English 'thousand.' Thus 'one thousand cattle' would be
_mlle bovs_.
7. ingents mgnitdinis. See the note on _tantae audciae_, 13, 23.

8. neque enim umquam, 'for ... never.' See the note on _neque enim_, 7,
12.
11. multae operae. See the note on _mgn percul_, 13, 8.
12. duodvgint pedum, i.e. in width.
dxit. This word is used with reference to the progress of work on a wall
or ditch from one end of it to the other.
15. opus. Compare this word with operae and labre, line 12. _Labor_ is
used of heavy or exhausting labor, _opera_ of voluntary exertion or
effort, _opus_ of that upon which one labors or of the completed work.
17. imperverat. This verb takes an indirect object to express the person
ordered (e). The action commanded is expressed by the subjunctive in a
clause introduced by _ut_ and used as the object of _imper_ (ut
necret). Notice that this may be translated 'that he should kill' or 'to
kill.' Compare now the construction with _iube_, 13, 22, with which the
command is expressed by the accusative and infinitive (_Herculem
referre_).
19. carne. _Vscor_ is an intransitive verb and governs the ablative.
22. appropinquand. See the note on 12, 26.
23. cnstitit, from _cnst_. Compare 15, 10.
pedibus, 'on foot,' literally 'by his feet.'
25. consmpsisset. The imperfect and pluperfect tenses of the subjunctive
are used with cum, 'when,' to describe the circumstances of the action of
the main verb. Compare 14, 20, and the note.
26. hc cnt. See the note on 13, 11.
27. peteret. The subjunctive is used with ut to express purpose. The best
translation is usually the infinitive ('to ask'), but the Latin
infinitive is not used in model prose to express purpose.
17. 3. volrent. This is not subjunctive of purpose, but of result, as
is indicated by tam.
6. ex. Compare this with _ab_, 16, 21, and _d_, 16, 13. We commonly
translate all of these 'from,' but the real meanings are 'out of,' 'away
from,' and 'down from' respectively.
Crt. See the note on 3, 12.
7. esset. See the note on 14, 20.
8. nsulae, dative with the compound verb (_ad_ + _propinqu_).
appropinquret. See the note on 16, 25.
9. tanta ... ut. Notice how frequently the clause of result is connected
with a demonstrative word in the main clause.
12. nvigand impertus, 'ignorant of navigation,' 'inexperienced in
sailing.' See the note on 12, 26.

21. cum, the conjunction.

ingent labre. See the note on _summ cum difficultte_, 14, 13.
25. ut redceret. See the note on 16, 27.
26. carne. See the note on 16, 19.
vscbantur, imperfect of customary action.
18. 3. ut trderentur. Notice that _postul_, like _imper_, takes an
object-clause introduced by _ut_ and having its verb in the subjunctive.
sibi, the indirect reflexive. See the note on 13, 22.
4. r ... interfcit, 'became furiously angry and killed the king,'
literally 'moved by wrath killed the king.' The participle is frequently
best rendered by a finite verb.
18. 4. cadver. The subject of an infinitive stands in the accusative
case. We might translate here 'and gave orders that his body should be
thrown.' See the note on 16, 17.
6. mra rrum commtti. When a noun has both an adjective and a
genitive modifier, this order of the words is common.
7. cum crucit, ablative of manner.
necverat. See the note on _interfcit_, 13, 18.
10. referbant. See the note on 6, 16.
modo. This is the adverb, not a case of _modus_, the dative and ablative
singular of which would be _mod_. Make a practice of carefully observing
the quantity of vowels.
11. rbant. Notice that this verb, like _imper_ and _postul_, takes
_ut_ and the subjunctive.
14. ad nvigandum. See the note on _ad quitem_, 14, 1.
16. post, here an adverb of time.
18. dcitur. Notice that the Latin construction is personal ('the nation
is said to have consisted'), while English commonly has the impersonal
construction ('it is said that the nation consisted').
19. re mlitris, 'the art of war.'
25. mandvit. See the note on 16, 17.
26. Amzonibus, dative after the compound verb.
19. 1. persusit. Notice that this verb governs the same construction
that we have already found used with _imper_ and _mand_.
2. scum. See the note on 12, 19.
5. appulit. Supply _nvem_.

6. docret. A clause of purpose is frequently introduced by a relative.

Translate like the _ut_-clause of purpose, here 'to make known,'
literally 'who was to make known.'
14. mgn intervll, ablative of degree of difference.
16. nn mgna. The effect of the position of these words may be
reproduced by translating 'but not a large one.'
neutr. The plural is used because the reference is to two parties, each
composed of several individuals. 'Neither' of two individuals would be
_neuter_.
17. volbant, dedit. Consider the tenses. Each army waited for some time
for the other to cross; finally Hercules gave the signal.
22. occderint. The perfect subjunctive is sometimes used in result
clauses after a past tense in the principal clause. This is contrary to
the general principle of the sequence of tenses, which requires the
imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive after a past tense, the present or
perfect subjunctive after a present or future tense.
23. Vir. Compare this with _hominibus_, 12, 2.
24. praestbant. Compare the tense with praestitrunt, line 21.
27. neu. As _neque_ or _nec_ is used for 'and not,' so _nve_ or _neu_
for 'and that not' in an object-clause or a clause of purpose.
20. 1. quibus, 'and by these,' The relative is much used in Latin to
connect a new sentence with the one preceding. When so used, it is
generally best rendered by 'and' or 'but' and a demonstrative or personal
pronoun.
ita ... ut. See the note on 17, 9.
2. essent, most easily explained as the subjunctive of attraction. By
this is meant that the verb is attracted into the mood of the clause upon
which it depends.
4. pgntum est, 'the battle raged' or 'they fought,' literally 'it was
fought,' Intransitive verbs are often thus used impersonally in the
passive, with the subject implied in the verb itself, as pgntum
est = _pgna pgnta est_.
11. aesttis, partitive genitive. Notice that multum is used as a noun.
13. nactus. The perfect active participle is wanting in Latin, but the
perfect participle of deponent verbs is active in meaning.
24. speci horribil. See the note on 4, 14.
26. timre perterrit. See the note on 14, 11.
continbantur, 'kept themselves shut up.' This is the so-called reflexive
use of the passive, in which the subject is represented as acting upon
itself.
pecora. This word is used of herds of cattle, pecuds (line 25) of single

animals, especially sheep.

28. commtus cnsuluit. See the note on 18, 4.
21. 3. lberret. See the note on 16, 27.
rcul. Notice that prre is intransitive and has the dative of
indirect object, while 'obey' is transitive. It may help to understand
the Latin construction if you translate such verbs as _pre_ by
intransitives, here 'to submit to.'
4. sacrifici. See the note on 10, 11.
5. ips temporis punct qu, 'at the very moment when.'
8. gressus. See the note on 20, 13.
d rbus ... factus est, 'was informed of the state of things,' literally
'was made more certain about the things which were being done.' In what
gender, number, person, and case is quae? Give a reason for each.
11. posset. The subjunctive is used because the words of the king are
quoted indirectly. He said _s potes_, 'if you can.'
19. Ipse. Notice the use of this word in contrasts, frequently, as here,
of a person with that which belongs to him or with his subordinates.
20. inter s, 'to one another.'
22. esset, subjunctive in an indirect question. The direct form would be
_Quantum perculum est_? ('How great is the danger?'). mults terrs,
just as we say 'many lands,'
23. Eurpae. Compare _Thbns_, 10, 21.
24. in utrque ltore, 'on each shore,' 'on both shores.'
25. columns. The ancients believed that the Rock of Gibraltar was the
pillar set up by Hercules on the European side.
22. 4. tantum, an adverb.
5. dederit. See the note on 19, 22.
9. qu in loc. See the note on 11, 25. essent. See the note on 21, 22.
10. sibi, the indirect reflexive.
12. et ... et, 'both ... and.'
18. prgred, 'from proceeding.'
19. prohibbant, 'attempted to prevent,' imperfect of attempted action.
Notice that the use of the imperfect to express customary, repeated, or
attempted action follows naturally from its use to denote action going on
in past time. The present, the tense which denotes action going on in
present time, has the same special uses.
20. barbar. This word was used by the Greeks of all other peoples; by
the Romans it was used of all but the Greeks and themselves.

24. cecidrunt. Let the quantity of the _i_ tell you whether this comes
from _cad_ or _caed_. Is occderint a compound of _cad_ or _caed_?
25. in tlibus rbus, _i.e_. when a god intervenes in behalf of his
favorite.
26. nihil incommod, 'no harm,' literally 'nothing of harm'; incommod is
partitive genitive.
23. 2. quam celerrim, 'as rapidly as possible.' _Quam_ with the
superlative expresses the highest possible degree.
3. Necesse, predicate adjective with erat, the subject being hs
trnsre.
5. citerire. The Romans called upper Italy _Gallia Citerior_, 'Hither
Gaul,' because it was occupied by Gallic tribes.
6. perenn. Learn the derivation of this word. The meaning of a word may
often be seen most easily and remembered most surely by noticing its
derivation,
tct, used as predicate adjective.
9. cpiam. Notice carefully the meaning of this word. In what sense have
we found the plural _cpiae_ used?
10. rbus, 'preparations.' See the note on _rs_, 13, 8.
cnsmpserat. See the note on 14, 3.
11. omnium opninem. Hitherto we have had _opninem omnium_, but here
_omnium_ is made emphatic by being placed first.
15. itinere, ablative of cause.
fessus, 'since he was weary.' Notice that a Latin adjective or participle
must often be expanded into a clause in the translation.
16. Haud = _nn_. It modifies a single word, usually an adjective or
adverb.
19. modo. See the note on 18, 10.
ingent mgnitdine. Compare _ingentis mgnitdinis_, 16, 7.
23. boum. Learn the declension of this word from the vocabulary.
24. n. A negative clause of purpose is introduced by _n_.
24. 2. omnibus locs. _Locus_ modified by an adjective is often used
without _in_ in the ablative of place.
3. nsquam. We say 'could not find anywhere,' but Latin prefers to
combine the negative with another word.
6. reliqus. See the note on _reliqus centaurs_, 14, 26.
7. bbus. Compare _boum_, 23, 23. With nus the ablative with _ex_ or

_d_ is commonly used instead of the partitive genitive.

16. neque quicquam. See the note on 10, 4.
21. mre su, 'according to his custom.'
turbtus, 'was confused ... and.' See the note on _ra ... interfcit_,
18, 4.
22. in. See the note on _in trium_, 7, 3.
25. resprand. See the note on 12, 26.
25. 2. quam qus, for _quam es qus_.
11. cui. See the note on _cui erant_, 13, 5.
12. Hercul imperverat, 'had enjoined upon Hercules.'
17. Eurysthe. See the note on _rcul_, 21, 3.
19. quaesverat. With this verb the person of whom the question is asked
is expressed in the ablative with _ab, d_, or _ex_.
23. orbis terrrum, 'of the world,' literally 'of the circle of lands.'
26. umers sus, ablative of means, but we say 'on his shoulders.'
n. See the note on 23, 24.
dcideret. Notice the force of the prefix _d_.
27. mrtus, 'wondering at.' The perfect participle of deponent verbs is
often best rendered into English by a present participle.
26. 3. Hercul, dative with prdesse.
ille. See the note on _Perseus_, 4, 4.
4. cert, the adverb.
6. vnisset. What would the form be in the direct question?
inquit. See the note on 14, 28.
7. flibus. To avoid confusion with the corresponding forms of
_deus_ and _flius_, the dative and ablative plural of _dea_ and _flia_
sometimes end in _bus_.
sponte. This noun is practically confined to the ablative singular, in
prose usually with _me, tu_, or _su_, 'of my, your, his own accord.'
9. posset, subjunctive because indirect. The thought of Hercules was _s
potest_.
11. abesset. This also is indirect, quoting _absum_.
12. umers. See the note on 25, 26.
17. pauca mlia. Extent of space, like duration of time, is expressed by

the accusative,
passuum. See the note on 16, 6.
21. ita ut, 'as'
accpissent. Hitherto we have found the indicative in causal clauses
introduced by quod. The subjunctive indicates that the reason is quoted;
the Hesperides said _quod accpimus_.
28. grtis git. See the note on 6, 16.
27. 2. labribus. See the note on 24, 7.
3. Hercul praecperat = _Hercul imperverat_, 25, 12.
5. posset, subjunctive because it quotes the thought of Eurystheus,
_poterit_.
6. ut ... traheret. This clause is not itself the object of dedit, but in
apposition with the object (Negtium).
7. omnium, partitive genitive.
11. nrrmus. The present is sometimes used with antequam to express
future action, as in English with 'before.' See the note on 15, 1.
alinum, predicate adjective, the subject of vidtur being pauca ...
prpnere. In the passive _vide_ may mean 'be seen,' but it usually
means 'seem.'
13. qui dem, 'which also,' literally 'which the same.'
14. Ut, 'when.'
15. ddcbantur, customary action.
19. Stygis flminis. We say 'river Styx,' but 'Mississippi River.'
qu, ablative of means.
20. necesse. See the note on 23, 3.
possent. The subjunctive is used with antequam to denote that the action
is expected or intended.
21. in. We say 'over.'
25. prius. Notice that Latin is here more exact than English, using the
comparative because only two actions are spoken of.
dedisset, subjunctive because indirect. Charon said _nisi dederis_
(future perfect), _nn trnsveham_, 'unless you first give (shall have
given), I will not carry you across.'
28. 1. mortu, used as a noun, 'of the dead man.'
e cnsili, 'with this purpose,' 'to this end.' The clause ut ... posset
is in apposition with cnsili.

6. Ut. Compare 27, 14.

8. quod cum fcissent, 'and when they had done this.' See the note on
_quibus_, 20, 1.
13. Stbant, 'there stood.' What is its subject?
15. mortus, dative of indirect object.
et. Notice that ambiguity is avoided by a change of conjunctions, et
connecting the clauses and -que connecting praemia and poens. Of these
connectives, _et_ connects two ideas that are independent of each other
and of equal importance; _-que_ denotes a close connection, often of two
words that together express a single idea; while _ac_ or _atque_ (see
line 18) adds something of greater importance.
18. et. _Mult_ is often joined by _et_ to another adjective modifying
the same noun.
24. ex. Compare 25, 18.
27. s socis, direct object and predicate accusative respectively.
29. 3. n. After verbs of fearing _n_ must be rendered 'that,' _ut_,
'that not.' Notice, however, that the negative idea is as clearly present
here as in the other clauses introduced by _n_ that we have met, for
Charon wishes that the thing may not happen.
13. fcisset, indirect for _fceris_.
18. refgerit. See the note on 19, 22.
23. quae cum ita essent, 'and this being the case,' 'and so,' literally
'since which things were so.'
24. lbertus. See the note on _r ... interfcit_, 18, 4.
25. quae, object of perscrbere, which is the subject of est; longum is
predicate adjective.
26. est. We say 'would be.'
aette, ablative of specification. Translate 'when he was now advanced in
age' (_i.e_. 'late in life'), and see the note on _fessus_, 23, 15.
30. 1. accidit. This is one of several impersonal verbs which take for
their subject a clause of result (ut ... occderit).
3. ut ... ret, a clause of result; used as the subject of esset, ms
being predicate.
quis. After _s, nisi, n_, and _num_, this is not the interrogative, but
an indefinite pronoun ('any one'),
occdisset, indirect for _occderit_, which would be the form used in the
laws; or it may be explained as subjunctive by attraction to ret.
7. trnseant, not 'they are crossing,' but 'they are to cross.' The
direct form would be _trnsemus ('How in the world are we to get
across?'), subjunctive because the question expresses doubt. This is

called the deliberative subjunctive.

10. prgressus, 'after advancing.'
11. revertbtur. This verb is deponent in the present, imperfect, and
future.
16. hum, locative, 'on the ground.'
n. See the note on 23, 24.
su ulcscend, 'of avenging himself.' This is called the gerundive
construction. It is regularly used instead of the gerund when the gerund
would have an accusative object (_s ulcscend_). Notice that the gerund
is a verbal noun; the gerundive a verbal adjective, agreeing with its
noun like any other adjective.
17. morientis, 'of a dying man.' Compare _mortu_, 28, 1.
18. vs, from _vol_.
20. s ... vnerit, 'if you ever suspect him.' What is the literal
meaning? Notice that we use the present, while Latin by the use of the
future perfect indicates that the action is to precede that of the main
clause.
21. inficis. The future indicative is sometimes used, as in English, for
the imperative.
22. nihil mal. See the note on 22, 26.
suspicta. See the note on 25, 27.
25. Ioln, fliam, captvam, direct object, appositive, and predicate
accusative respectively.
26. domum. See the note on _ad domum_, 3, 15.
31. 1. referret. See the note on 19, 6.
2. facerent, subjunctive by attraction. The verb of a clause dependent
upon an infinitive is put in the subjunctive when the two clauses are
closely connected in thought. We have already met this construction in
the case of dependence upon a subjunctive; see the note on 20, 2.
gerere. Compare 30, 3. Such phrases as _ms est_ may have as subject
either an infinitive or a clause of result.
3. verita. This participle is regularly rendered as present,
n. See the note on 29, 3.
4. vestem. Notice that the position of this word helps to make it clear
that it is the object of nfcit as well as of dedit.
5. suspicns. This does not differ appreciably in force from _suspicta_,
30, 22.
8. exanimtus, 'beside himself.'

14. succenderent. Notice the force of the prefix _sub_ in this word and
in subdidit below.
15. inductus, 'moved.'
THE ARGONAUTS
33. 1. alter ... alter, 'one ... the other.' Remember that this word is
used to denote one of two given persons or things. We have in this
passage an instance of the chiastic order, in which variety and emphasis
are gained by reversing the position of the words in the second of two
similar expressions. Here the two names are brought together by this
device.
3. rgn, objective genitive, _i.e_. a genitive used to denote the object
of the feeling cupiditte.
6. ex amcs. Qudam, like _nus_, commonly has _ex_ or _d_ and the
ablative, instead of the partitive genitive.
10. puerum mortuum esse, 'that the boy was dead,' literally 'the boy to
be dead.' This is indirect for _Puer mortuus est_, 'The boy is dead.'
Notice carefully what changes Latin makes in quoting such a statement
indirectly, and what the changes are in English. We have already met two
constructions of indirect discourse, the subjunctive in indirect
questions, and the subjunctive in informal indirect discourse. By the
latter is meant a subordinate clause which, though not forming part of a
formal quotation, has the subjunctive to show that not the speaker or
writer but some other person is responsible for the idea it expresses
(see the notes on _dedisset_, 27, 25, and _occdisset_. 30, 3). In
indirect discourse, then, a statement depending upon a verb of saying,
thinking, knowing, perceiving, or the like has its verb in the infinitive
with the subject in the accusative; a command or question has its verb in
the subjunctive; and any clause modifying such a statement, command, or
question has its verb in the subjunctive.
33. 13. intellegerent. See the note on 14, 20.
14. nesci quam fbulam, 'some story or other.' Notice that _nesci_ with
the interrogative pronoun is equivalent to an indefinite pronoun.
19. rculum. Read again the description beginning at the bottom of
page 11.
21. quis. See the note on 30, 3.
Post paucs anns, 'a few years later,' literally 'later by a few years.'
Post is here an adverb, and paucs anns ablative of degree of
difference. The expression is equivalent to _post paucs anns_.
22. accidit. See the note on 30, 1.
factrus, 'intending to make.' The future participle with a form of _sum_
is used to express an intended or future action. This is called the
active periphrastic conjugation.
23. certam. See the note on 5, 13.
24. Di cnstitt, ablative of time.

26. pueriti. Compare _ puer_, 9, 20.

34. 2. trnseund flmine. See the note on _su ulcscend_, 30, 16.
nesci qu. See the note on 33. 14.
4. n pede nd, 'with one foot bare,' the ablative absolute. This
construction consists of two parts, a noun, or pronoun corresponding to
the subject of a clause, and a participle corresponding to the verb of a
clause. A predicate noun or adjective may take the place of the
participle. In the latter case the use of the participle 'being' will
show the two parts in the relation of subject and predicate, 'one foot
being bare.'
34.6. dmnstrvisset, subjunctive because subordinate in indirect
discourse. See the note on 33, 10. Pelias thought, _Hc est hom quem
rculum dmnstrvit_.
9. vellus aureum. Phrixus and his sister Helle were about to be put to
death, when they were rescued by a ram with fleece of gold, who carried
them off through the air. Helle fell from the ram's back into the strait
that separates Europe and Asia, called after her the Hellespont, 'Helle's
sea,' and known to us as the Dardanelles. Phrixus came safely to Colchis,
and here he sacrificed the ram and gave the fleece to Aeetes. Read Mr.
D.O.S. Lowell's _Jason's Quest_.
11. ut ... potrtur. See the note on 27, 6.
hc vellere. _Potior_ takes the same construction as _vscor_, for which
see the note on 16, 19.
16. iter, accusative of extent.
20. su, dative of purpose. We say 'of use' or 'useful.'
24. oper dative after the compound with _prae_. Notice that not all
verbs compounded with prepositions govern the dative. Many compounds of
_ad, ante, com_ (for _cum_), _in, inter, ob, post, prae, pr, sub_, and
_super_ do have the dative, and some compounds of _circum_. You will find
it profitable to keep a list of all such compound verbs governing the
dative that you meet in your reading.
25. n ... quidem, 'not ... even.' The word emphasized must stand between
_n_ and _quidem_.
ad labrem. See the note on _ad quitem_, 14, 1.
26. Ad multitdinem trnsportandam, used like _ad labrem_. The gerundive
in this use is very common.
27. quibus. The antecedent _eae_ is not expressed. Notice that _tor_
governs the same case as _vscor_ and _potior_. Two other deponent verbs,
not found in this book, take this construction, namely _fruor_, 'enjoy,'
and _fungor_, 'perform.'
nostr mar, _i.e_. the Mediterranean.
cnsuvimus. See the note on _cnsuverat_, 10, 9.

35. 8. citharoedum. It was said that Orpheus made such sweet music on his
golden harp that wild beasts, trees, and rocks followed him as he moved.
By his playing he even prevailed upon Pluto to give back his dead wife
Eurydice.
Thseum, a mythical hero, whose exploits resemble and rival those of
Hercules. The most famous of them was the killing of the Minotaur.
Theseus was the national hero of Athens.
Castorem, the famous tamer of horses and brother of Pollux, the boxer.
Read Macaulay's _Lays of Ancient Rome, The Battle of the Lake Regillus_.
10. qus, the subject of esse. Its antecedent is es, line 11. The
relative frequently precedes in Latin, but the antecedent must be
translated first.
16. Argonautae. Notice the composition of this word.
24. dicerentur, part of the result clause.
26. arbitrt. See the note on 25, 27.
gred. See the note on 22, 18.
27. pgntum est. See the note on 20 4.
36. 5. Postrdi ius di, 'the next day,' more literally 'on the day
following that day.' This idea may be expressed by _postrdi_ alone, and
the fuller expression is simply more formal.
9. in ancors, 'at anchor.'
10. habrent. See the note on 34, 6.
11. ex Argonauts. See the note on 33, 6.
13. Qu, 'he.' See the note on _quibus_, 20, 1.
dum quaerit, 'while looking for.' The present indicative with _dum_ is
often to be translated by a present participle.
15. vdissent. We say 'saw,' but Latin makes it plain that the seeing
(and falling in love) came before the attempt to persuade.
e. Keep a list of all intransitive verbs which are used with the dative.
16. negret. This verb is commonly used instead of _dc_ when a negative
statement follows; when thus used, it should be translated by 'say' with
the appropriate negative, here 'said that he would not.'
37. 1. praebuisset, subjunctive in a subordinate clause of indirect
discourse.
2. supplic. See the note on 7, 8.
6. accubuerat. The Romans reclined at table, supporting themselves on the
left arm and taking the food with the right hand. They naturally
represented others as eating in the same way.
appositum, 'that had been placed before him.' See the note on

_exanimtum_, 14, 4.
7. Qu ... morertur, 'and so it came to pass that Phineus was nearly
dying of starvation,' literally 'that not much was wanting but that
Phineus would die.' Ut ... abesset is a clause of result, the subject of
factum est; quin ... morertur is a form of subordinate clause with
subjunctive verb used after certain negative expressions; fam is
ablative of cause. Notice that _fams_ has a fifth-declension ablative,
but is otherwise of the third declension.
9. Rs male s habbat, 'the situation was desperate.' What is the
literal meaning?
12. opninem virttis, 'reputation for bravery.'
13. qun ferrent. Negative expressions of doubt are regularly followed by
_qun_ and the subjunctive.
16. quant in percul. See the note on 11, 25.
suae rs, 'his affairs.' See the note on _rs_, 13, 8.
17. repperissent. Phineus used the future perfect indicative.
22. nihil, used adverbially.
23. era. See the note on 4, 11.
27. Hc fact, 'when this had been accomplished.' See the note on 34, 4.
The ablative absolute is often used instead of a subordinate clause of
time, cause, condition, or the like.
38. 1. referret. See the note on 6, 16.
3. e cnsili. See the note on 28, 1.
4. n quis, 'that no one.' 'Negative clauses of purpose and negative
clauses of result may be distinguished by the negative: _n, n qus_,
etc., for purpose; _ut nn, ut nm_, etc., for result.
parv intervll, 'a short distance apart,' ablative absolute. See the
note on 34, 1.
5. in medium spatium, 'between them.'
7. quid faciendum esset, 'what was to be done.' The gerundive is used
with _sum_ to denote necessary action. This is called the passive
periphrastic conjugation.
8. sublts ... solvit, 'weighed anchor and put to sea.' What is the
literal translation? The ablative absolute is often best translated by a
cordinate verb, and this requires a change of voice, for the lack of a
perfect active participle in Latin is the reason for the use of the
ablative absolute in such cases. If there were a perfect active
participle, it would stand in the nominative, modifying the subject, as
we have found the perfect participle of deponent verbs doing.
11. rct ... spatium, 'straight between them.'
12. caud tantum miss, 'having lost only its tail-feathers.' Notice

that we change the voice, as in line 8, and that the use of the ablative
absolute is resorted to here for the same reason as in that passage. Make
sure at this point that you know three ways in which the ablative
absolute may be translated, as in this passage, as in line 8, and as
suggested in the note on 37, 27.
14. concurrerent, 'could rush together.' See the note on _possent_, 27,
20.
intellegents, equivalent to _cum intellegerent_.
17. ds, the usual form of the dative and ablative plural of _deus_, as
_d_ of the nominative plural.
qurum, equivalent to _cum erum_. A relative clause of cause, like a
_cum_-clause of cause, has its verb in the subjunctive.
27. negbat. See the note on 36, 16.
39. 1. trditrum. In infinitives formed with participles _esse_ is often
omitted,
prius. See the note on 27, 25.
3. Prmum. See the note on 12, 16.
4. iungend erant. See the note on 38, 7.
8. re bene gerendae, 'of accomplishing his mission.' What is the literal
meaning?
10. rem aegr ferbat, 'she was greatly distressed.' What is the literal
meaning?
12. Quae ... essent. See the note on 29, 23.
13. medicnae, objective genitive.
14. Medi nocte. See the note on 9, 5.
nsciente patre, 'without the knowledge of her father,' ablative
absolute.
15. vnit. See the note on 3, 13.
17. quod ... cnfrmret, a relative clause of purpose.
19. essent, subjunctive in informal indirect discourse, or by attraction
to oblineret.
20. hominibus. See the note on 34, 24.
21. mgnitdine et vribus, ablative of specification.
40. 2. nihil valre, 'prevailed not.'
5. qu in r. See the note on 11, 25.
6. cnfcerit. See the note on 19, 22.

8. qus. See the note on _qubus_, 20, 1.

9. autem. See the note on 5, 8.
10. essent, subjunctive by attraction.
11. qudam, 'some.'
16. ggnerentur, 'should be born.' With dum, 'until,' the subjunctive is
used of action anticipated, as with _antequam_ (see the note on
_possent_, 27, 20).
19. omnibus agr partibus. See the note on 18, 6.
20. mrum in modum = _mr mod_.
25. nesci cr, 'for some reason.' See the note on 33, 14.
28. nll negti, 'with no trouble,' 'without difficulty.'
41. 3. qun tulisset. See the note on 37, 13.
15. quam prmum, 'as soon as possible.' See the note on 23, 2.
16. vectrum. See the note on _trditrum_, 39, 1.
17. Postrdi ius di. See the note on 36, 5.
19. loc. The antecedent is frequently thus repeated in the relative
clause.
21. qu ... essent, 'to guard the ship.' See the note on 13, 16.
22. ipse. See the note on 21, 19.
27. qudam. This word may sometimes be rendered by the indefinite
article.
28. dmnstrvimus. See the note on _nrrvimus_, 14, 17.
42. 5. dormit. See the note on _fugit_, 4, 25.
12. aliqu. Learn from the vocabulary the difference between _aliqus_
and _aliqu_.
mtrandum sibi, 'they ought to hasten,' more literally 'haste ought to
be made by them'; mtrandum (_esse_) is the impersonal passive, and sibi
the so-called dative of the agent. With the gerundive the person who has
the thing to do is regularly expressed in the dative.
16. mrt. See the note on 25, 27.
20. ds. See the note on 38, 17.
21. vnisset. See the note on _accpissent_, 26, 21.
23. vigili. The Romans divided the day from sunrise to sunset into
twelve hours (_hrae_), the night from sunset to sunrise into four
watches (_vigiliae_).

24. neque enim. See the note on 7, 12.

25. inimc anim, ablative of description.
43. 2. hc dolre, 'this anger,' _i.e_. 'anger at this.'
Nvem longam, 'war-galley,' 'man-of-war.' The adjective contrasts the
shape of the man-of-war with that of the merchantman.
4. fugients, used as a noun, 'the fugitives.'
6. qu, ablative of means.
7. qu, 'as,' but in the same construction as edem celeritte.
8. Quo ... caperentur. See the note on 37, 7.
9. neque ... posset, 'for the distance between them was not greater than
a javelin could be thrown.' What is the literal translation? The clause
qu ... posset denotes result; the distance was not _so great that_ a
javelin could not be thrown from one ship to the other.
11. vdisset. See the note on 36, 15.
15. fugins, 'when she fled.' See the note on _fessus_, 23, 15.
18. fl. See the note on 7, 8.
19. Neque ... fefellit, 'and Medea was not mistaken.' What is the literal
meaning?
20. ubi prmum, 'as soon as,' literally 'when first.'
24. prius, not to be rendered until quam is reached. The two words
together mean 'before,' more literally 'earlier than,' 'sooner than,'
They are sometimes written together (_priusquam_).
25. nihil ... esse, 'that it would be of no advantage to him.'
44. 5. pollicitus erat. Verbs of promising do not usually take in Latin
the simple present infinitive, as in English, but the construction of
indirect discourse.
10. mihi. The dative of reference is often used in Latin where we should
use a possessive in English. Translate here as if the word were _meus_,
modifying dis.
11. Liceat mihi, 'permit me,' literally 'let it be permitted to me.'
Commands and entreaties in the third person are regularly expressed in
the subjunctive.
dum vvam, 'so long as I live.' The verb with _dum_ 'so long as' is not
restricted to the present, as with _dum_ 'while,' but any tense of the
indicative may be used. We have here the future indicative, or the
present subjunctive by attraction.
12. t. The nominative of the personal pronouns is commonly expressed
only when emphatic. Here the use of the pronoun makes the promise more
positive.

15. rem aegr tulit, 'was vexed.' Compare 39, 10.

20. Vultisne, the verb _vultis_ and the enclitic _-ne_, which is used to
introduce a question, and is incapable of translation. Num (line 21)
introduces a question to which a negative answer is expected, and is
likewise not to be translated, except in so far as its effect is
reproduced by the form of the question or the tone of incredulity with
which the words are spoken.
28. effervsceret. See the note on 40, 16.
45. 3. stupents, 'in amazement.'
5. Vs. See the note on 44, 12. Vs and ego in the next sentence are
contrasted.
7. Quod ubi. See the note on 28, 8.
10. necvrunt. See the note on _interfcit_, 13, 18.
13. qubus. For the case see the note on _qubus_, 34, 27.
15. r vr, 'really.'
18. aegr tulrunt, 'were indignant at.' Compare 39, 10, and 44, 15.
23. Creont. See the note on _cui erant_, 13, 5.
25. nntium, 'a notice of divorce.'
26. dceret. See the note on _dxit_, 6, 18.
28. ultram. See the note on 39, 1.
46. 1. Vestem. Compare the story of the death of Hercules, pp. 30, 31.
3. quis. See the note on 30, 3.
induisset, subjunctive by attraction.
5. nihil mal. See the note on 22, 26.
16. itaque, not the adverb _itaque_, but the adverb _ita_ and the
enclitic conjunction _-que_.
era. See the note on 4, 11.
21. in eam partem, 'to that side.'
ULYSSES
49. 4. nsidis. This refers to the story of the wooden horse.
9. quem, subject of excgitsse. The English idiom is 'who, some say,
devised.' Notice that excgitsse is contracted from _excgitvisse_.
10. qu, ablative of means.
19. aliae ... parts, 'some in one direction and some in another,' but

Latin compresses this into the one clause 'others in other directions.'
20. qu. See the note on 43, 6.
26. quibusdam, dative with obviam fact, 'having fallen in with,' 'having
met.'
27. Accidit. See the note on 30, 1.
50. 2. gustssent, contracted from _gustvissent_.
patriae et socirum. Verbs of remembering and forgetting take the
genitive or the accusative, but _oblvscor_ prefers the former.
4. cib. See the note on 16, 19.
5. hr septim. See the note on 42, 23.
11. docurunt. See the note on 4, 26.
51. 6. tantum, the adverb.
23. s, 'they,' _i.e_. himself and his companions.
praedand caus, 'to steal.' Purpose is frequently thus expressed by
_caus_ with the genitive of the gerund or gerundive. What other ways of
expressing purpose have you met in your reading?
24. Tri. The preposition is sometimes used with names of towns, with
the meaning 'from the direction of' or 'from the neighborhood of.'
25. esse. It will help you to understand indirect discourse if you will
try to discover what words would be used to express the idea in the
direct form. Here, for instance, the exact words of Ulysses would have
been in Latin: _Neque merctrs sumus neque praedand caus vnimus; sed
Tri redeunts v tempesttum rct curs dpuls sumus_.
27. ubi ... essent. The question of Polyphemus was _Ubi est nvis qu
vect estis_?
sibi ... esse, 'that he must be exceedingly careful.' See the note on
_mtrandum sibi_, 42, 12.
29. in ... esse, 'had been driven on the rocks and entirely dashed to
pieces.' See the note on _r ... interfcit_, 18, 4.
52. 1. membrs erum dvulss, 'tearing them limb from limb.'
4. n ... quidem. See the note on 34, 25.
6. tam. Notice that the force of a second demonstrative word is lost in
the English rendering. So _hc tantus vir_, 'this great man,' etc.
7. hum. See the note on 30, 16.
prstrtus, 'throwing himself down.' See the note on _continbantur_,
20, 26.
8. re gerendae, 'for action.' Compare 39, 8.

9. in e ... trnsfgeret, 'was on the point of transfixing.' The clause

of result ut ... trnsfgeret is explanatory of in e.
13. nihil sibi prfutrum. See the note on 43, 25.
17. hc cnt. See the note on 13, 11.
18. nll ... oblt, 'since no hope of safety presented itself.' See the
note on _continbantur_, 20, 26.
21. et. See the note on 28, 18.
23. ltri essent, 'would bring,' more literally 'were going to bring.'
Notice that in subjunctive constructions the periphrastic form is
necessary to express future action clearly, since the subjunctive has no
future.
25. quod, object of the implied _fcerat_.
53. 14. qu. See the note on 43, 7.
15. id ... salt, 'and this was his salvation,' literally 'that which
was for safety to him.' For the datives see the note on 13, 16.
20. tertium, the adverb.
22. Nminem. Why is the accusative used?
27. inquit. See the note on 14, 28.
28. quam faculttem, for _faculttem quam_. The antecedent is often thus
attracted into the relative clause,
n omittmus, 'let us not neglect,' the hortatory subjunctive.
29. re gerendae. See the note on 52, 8.
54. 1. extrmum plum, 'the end of the stake.' Other adjectives denoting
a part of the object named by the noun they modify are _medius_, 'the
middle of'; _cterus_, 'the rest of'; _reliquus_, 'the rest of';
_prmus_, 'the first of'; _summus_, 'the top of'; _mus_, 'the bottom
of.'
5. dum errat, 'wandering.'
23. pecus. Is this _pecus, pecoris_, or _pecus, pecudis_? See the note on
_pecora_, 20, 26.
24. vnerat. We say 'came,' but the Latin by the use of the pluperfect
denotes that this action preceded that of trctbat.
55. 1. qus. See the note on _quibus_, 20, 1.
inter s. Compare 21, 20.
5. fore, 'would happen.'
15. aliquod. Compare 42, 12, and the note.
16. id ... erat, 'as was indeed the case.'

17. auxiliand caus. See the note on 51, 23.

26. correptum conicit, 'seized and threw.'
27. nn ... submergerentur. See the note on 37, 7.
56. 4-6. These verses and those on p. 57 and p. 59 are quoted from
Vergil's Aeneid.
6. vincls, for _vinculs_.
8. vrs. Let the quantity of the first _i_ tell you from what nominative
this word comes.
11. sibi proficscendum. See the note on _mtrandum sibi_, 42, 12.
13. iam profectr, 'as he was now about to set out.'
16. nvigant, 'to one sailing.'
25. mrbantur,
expressions the
going on at the
present already

'had been wondering.' With iam ddum and similar

imperfect denotes action begun some time before and still
given past time. This is similar to the use of the
commented on (see the note on _es_, 4, 1).

28. clta, plural because of the plural expression aurum et argentum.

57. 1. vent, subject of ruunt and perflant.
2. velut gmine fact, 'as if formed in column.'
3. data. _Est_ is omitted.
10. pricissent. See the note on _accpissent_, 26, 21.
13. in terram grediendum esse, 'that a landing must be made.'
18. quam, an adverb modifying crdl.
19. essent, informal indirect discourse or subjunctive by attraction.
20. vellet, subjunctive of characteristic. This name is given to the
subjunctive when used in relative clauses to define or restrict an
indefinite or general antecedent. So here it is not 'no one was found,'
but 'no one willing to undertake this task was found.'
21. dducta est, 'came.'
23. praeesset, subjunctive of purpose.
25. vnit. This verb takes the same construction as _accidit_, 30, 1.
58. 1. nihil. See the note on 37, 22.
2. mort. Compare 49, 26.
5. aliquantum itineris, 'some distance on the journey.' The two words are
accusative of extent of space and partitive genitive respectively.

11. sibi, 'for them,' dative of reference.

12. fors. This is translated like fors above, but the former was
originally locative and is therefore used with verbs of rest; the latter,
accusative of place whither and therefore used with verbs of motion.
15. accuburunt. See the note on 37, 6.
25. perturbtus, used as a predicate adjective, 'agitated.'
27. corrept. See the note on 38, 8.
59. 1. quid. See the note on _quis_, 30, 3.
gravius, 'serious.'
e. The direct form of these two speeches would be: _S quid gravius tibi
acciderit, omnium sals in summ discrmine erit_; and _Nminem invtum
mcum addcam; tibi licet, s mvs, in nv manre; ego ipse sine ll
praesidi rem suscipiam_. Notice that _ego_ is not used to represent _s_
of line 2, but is used for _s_ of line 4 for the sake of the contrast
with _tibi_.
6. nll. Instead of the genitive and ablative of _nm_, _nllus_ and
_nll_ are regularly used.
7. Alquantum itiners. See the note on 58, 5.
10. in e ... intrret. See the note on 52, 9.
11. e. Compare 49, 26, and 58, 2.
14. Circs, a Greek form of the genitive.
16. Num. See the note on 44, 20. Nnne (line 14) is used to introduce a
question to which an affirmative answer is expected.
18. nlls. See the note on 24, 3.
22. tetigerit. See the note on 30, 20.
t ... facis, 'see that you draw your sword and make an attack upon
her.'
24. vss, 'sight,' The use of the plural is poetic.
25. tenuem ... auram. The order of the words here is poetic.
60. 1. atque, 'as.' After adjectives and adverbs denoting likeness and
unlikeness, this use of _atque_ is regular.
3. dpulsa est. See the note on 4, 26.
4. sibi. See the note on 58, 11.
11. ut ... erat, 'as he had been instructed,' more literally 'as had been
enjoined upon him.' An intransitive verb must be used impersonally in the
passive, for it is the direct object of the active voice that becomes the
subject of the passive. If the intransitive verb takes a dative in the
active, this dative is kept in the passive. Notice that the corresponding

English verbs are transitive, and that the dative may therefore be
rendered as the object in the active construction and as the subject in
the passive.
13. snsisset. See the note on _vdissent_, 36, 15.
14. sibi vtam adimeret, 'take her life.' The dative of reference is thus
used after some compound verbs to name the person from whom a thing is
taken. This construction is sometimes called the dative of separation.
15. timre perterritam. See the note on 14, 11.
20. e peds, 'his feet.' See the note on 44, 10.
21. impersset, contracted from _impervisset_.
22. in trium. See the note on 7, 3.
26. sunt, goes with reduct.
29. reliqus Graecs, indirect object of dceret.
30. Circaeam. Notice that this use of the adjective instead of the
genitive often cannot be imitated in the English rendering, but must be
translated by the possessive case or a prepositional phrase.
61. 8. e persusum sit, 'he was persuaded.' See the note on 60, 11. The
clause ut ... manret is the subject of persusum sit; if the latter were
active, the clause would be its object. For the tense of persusum sit
see the note on 19, 22.
10. cnsmpserat. See the note on 14, 3.
patriae, objective genitive, to be rendered, as often, with 'for.'
15. su. See the note on 34, 20.
23. antequam pervenret. We say 'before he could come.' See the note on
_possent_, 27, 20.
24. hc loc. See the note on 24, 2.
longum est. We say '_would_ be tedious' or '_would_ take too long.'

VOCABULARY
ABBREVIATIONS
abl. = ablative.
acc. = accusative.
act. = active.
adj. = adjective.
adv. = adverb.
comp. = comparative.
conj. = conjunction.
dat. = dative.

dem. = demonstrative.
f. = feminine.
freq. = frequentative.
gen. = genitive.
ger. = gerundive.
impers. = impersonal.
indecl. = indeclinable.
indef. = indefinite.
infin. = infinitive.
interrog. = interrogative.
loc. = locative.
m. = masculine.
n. = neuter.
part. = participle.
pass. = passive.
perf. = perfect.
pers. = personal.
plur. = plural.
prep. = preposition.
pron. = pronoun or pronominal.
rel. = relative.
sing. = singular.
superl. = superlative.
_The hyphen in initial words indicates the composition of the words_.
A
or ab (the former never used before words beginning with a
vowel or _h_), prep. with abl., _away from, from; of; by_.
abditus, -a, -um [part of abd], _hidden, concealed_.
ab-d, -dere, -did, -ditus, _put away, hide_.
ab-dc, -dcere, -dx, -ductus, _lead_ or _take away_.
ab-e, -re, -i, -itrus, _go away, depart_.
abici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [ab + iaci], _throw away_.
abripi, -ripere, -ripu, -reptus [ab + rapi], _snatch away, carry off_.
abscd, -cdere, -cd, -csus [abs = ab + caed], _cut away_ or _off_.
ab-scind, -scindere, -scid, -scissus, _tear away_ or _off_.
ab-sum, abesse, fu, futrus, _be away, be absent, be distant; be
wanting_.
ab-sm, -smere, -smps, -smptus, _take away, consume, destroy_.
Absyrtus, -, m., _Absyrtus_.
ac, see atque.
Acastus, -, m., _Acastus_.
accend, -cendere, -cend, -cnsus, _kindle, light_.
accid, -cidere, -cid [ad + cad], _fall to_ or _upon; befall, happen_.
accipi, -cipere, -cp, -ceptus [ad + capi], _take to oneself, receive,
accept; hear; suffer_.
accumb, -cumbere, -cubu, -cubitus, _lie down_ (at table).
accurr, -currere, -curr, -cursus [ad + curr], _run to, come up_.
cer, cris, cre, _sharp, shrill_.
acis, -, f., _line of battle_.
Acrisius, -, m., _Acrisius_.
criter [cer], adv., _sharply, fiercely_.
ad, prep. with acc., _to, toward; at, near; for_.
ad-am, -amre, -amv, -amtus, _feel love for, fall in love with_.
ad-dc, -dcere, -dx, -ductus, _lead to, bring, take; induce,
influence_.
ad-e, -re, -i, -itus, _go to, approach_.

ad-fer, adferre, attul, adltus, _bear to, bring_.

adfici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [ad + faci], _do to, move, affect;
visit, afflict_.
ad-flg, -flgere, -flxi, -flctus, _dash to, shatter_.
adhibe, -hibre, -hibu, -hibitus [ad + habe], _hold to, employ, show_.
ad-hc, adv., _to this point, up to this time, yet, still_.
adici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [ad + iaci], _throw to, throw, hurl_.
adim, -imere, -m, -mptus [ad + em], _take to oneself, take away_.
aditus, -s [ade], m., _approach, entrance_.
ad-iungo, -iungere, -inx, -inctus, _join to, join_.
ad-lig, -ligre, -ligv, -ligtus, _bind to, bind_.
Admta, -ae, f., _Admeta_.
ad-mror, -mrr, -mrtus, _wonder at, admire_.
ad-mitt, -mittere, -ms, -missus, _send to, admit; allow_.
ad-st, -stre, -stit, _stand at_ or _near_.
adulscns, -entis, m., _youth, young man_.
adulscentia, -ae [adulscns], f., _youth_.
ad-r, -rere, -ss, -stus, _set fire to, burn, scorch, sear_.
ad-veni, -venre, -vn, -ventus, _come to_ or _toward, approach,
arrive_.
adventus, -s [adveni], m., _approach, arrival_.
Aeacus, -, m., _Aeacus_.
aedific, -re, -v, -tus [aedis + faci], _make a building, build_.
aedis, -is, f., sing. _temple_, plur. _house_.
Aets, -ae, m., _Aeetes_.
aegr [aeger, _sick_], adv., _ill, with difficulty_.
Aegypti,-rum, m. pl., _Egyptians_.
aneus, -a, -um [aes], _of copper_ or _bronze_.
Aeolia, -ae [Aeolus], f., _Aeolia_.
Aeolus, -, m., _Aeolus_.
r, eris, m., _air_.
aes, aeris, n., _copper, bronze_.
Aeson, -onis, m., _Aeson_.
aests, -ttis, f., _summer_.
aets, -ttis, f., _age_.
Aethiops, -um, m. plur., _Ethiopians_.
Aetna, -ae, f., _Etna_.
ager, agri, m., _field, land_.
gmen, -minis [ago], n., _band, column_.
gnsc, -gnscere, -gnv, -gnitus [ad + (g)nsc, _come to know],
recognize_.
ag, agere, g, ctus, _drive; do; pass, lead_; grtis agere, see
grtia.
ala, -ae, f., _wing_.
albus, -a, -um, _white_.
Alcmna, -ae, f., _Alcmena_.
alinus, -a, -um [alius], _belonging to another, out of place_.
ali-quand, adv., _at some time or other; finally, at length_.
ali-quantum, -quant, n., _somewhat_.
ali-qu, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj., _some, any_.
ali-quis, -quid, indef. pron., _someone, any one, something, anything,
some, any_.
aliter [alius], adv., _in another way, otherwise, differently_.
alius, -a, -ud, _another, other_; ali ... ali, _some ... others.
al, -ere, -u, -tus, _nourish_.
Alps, -ium, f. plur., _Alps_.
alter, -era, -erum, _one_ or _the other_ (of two); _another, second_.
altus, -a, -um [part, of al], _high, deep_; altum, -, n., _the deep_.
Amzons,-um, f. plur.,_Amazons_.
mentia, -ae [ + mns, _mind_], f., _madness_.

amcus, -, m., _friend_.

-mitt, -mittere, -ms, -missus, _send away, lose_.
am, -re, -v, -tus, _love_.
amor, -ris [am], m., _love_.
-move, -movre, -mv, -mtus, _move away_.
amphora, -ae, f., _jar, bottle_.
an, conj., _or_ (in questions).
ancora, -ae, f., _anchor_; in ancors, _at anchor_.
Andromeda, -ae, f., _Andromeda_.
anguis, -is, m. and f., _serpent, snake_.
anima, -ae, f., _breath, soul, life_.
animadvert, -vertere, -vert, -versus [animus + ad-vert], _turn the
mind to, observe_.
animus, -, m., _mind; heart; spirit, courage_.
annus, -, m., _year_.
ante, prep, with acc. and adv., _before_.
ante [ante], adv., _before_.
antecell, -cellere, _surpass, excel_.
ante-quam, conj., _before than, sooner than, before_.
antquus, -a, -um, _ancient_.
antrum, -, n., _cave_.
nxius, -a, -um, _anxious_.
aper, apr, m., _wild boar_.
aperi, -re, -u, -tus, _open_.
apertus, -a, -um [part, of aperi], _open_.
Apollo, -inis, m., _Apollo_.
appell, -pellre, -pellv, -pelltus, _call, name_.
appell, -pellere, -pul, -pulsus [ad + pell], _drive to, bring to_;
with or without nvem, _put in_.
appet, -petere, -petv, -pettus [ad + pet], _draw near_.
appn, -pnere, -posu, -positus [ad + pn], _put to_ or _near, set
before, serve_.
appropinqu, -propinqure, -propinquv, -propinqutus [ad + propinqu],
_approach to, approach_.
apud, prep, with acc., _among, with_.
aqua, -ae, f., _water_.
ra, -ae, f., _altar_.
arbitror, -r, -tus, _consider, think, judge_.
arbor, -oris, f., _tree_.
arca, -ae, f., _chest, box, ark_.
Arcadia,-ae, f., _Arcadia_.
arcess, -ere, -v, -tus, _call, summon, fetch_.
arcus, -s, m., _bow_.
rde, rdre, rs, rsus, _be on fire, burn_.
argentum, -, n., _silver_.
Arg, Argus, f., _the Argo_.
Argolicus, -a, -um, _of Argolis_ (the district of Greece in which Tiryns
was situated), _Argolic_.
Argonautae, -rum [Arg + nauta], m. plur., _Argonauts_.
Argus, -, m., _Argus_.
aris, -etis, m., _ram_.
arma, -rum, n. plur., _arms, weapons_.
armtus, -a, -um [part, of arm], _armed_.
arm, -re, -vi, -tus [arma], _arm, equip_.
ar, -re, -v, -tus, _plow_.
ars, artis, f., _art_.
ascend, -scendere, -scend, -scnsus [ad + scand], _climb to, ascend,
mount_.
aspici, -spicere, -spx, -spectus [ad + speci], _look at_ or _on,
behold_.

at, conj., _but_.

Athnae, -rum, f. plur., _Athens_.
Atls, -antis, m., _Atlas_.
atque or ac (the latter never used before words beginning with a vowel
or _h_), conj., _and_; after words of comparison, _as, than_.
trium, -, n., _hall_.
atting, -tingere, -tig, -tctus [ad + tango], _touch at_.
audcia, -ae [audx, _bold_], f., _boldness, audacity_.
aude, audre, ausus sum, _dare_.
audi, -re, -v, -tus, _hear; listen_ or _attend to_.
aufer, auferre, abstul, abltus [ab + fer], _bear away, carry off_.
aufugi, -fugere, -fg [ab + fugi], _flee_ or _run away_.
Augs, -ae, m., _Augeas_.
aura, -ae, f., _air, breeze_.
aureus, -a, -um [aurum], _of gold, golden_.
auris, -is, f., _ear_.
aurum, -, n., _gold_.
aut, conj., _or_; aut ... aut, _either ... or_.
autem, conj., _moreover; but, however; now_.
auxilior, -ri, -tus [auxilium], _help_.
auxilium, -, n., _help, aid_.
-veh, -vehere, -vex, -vectus, _carry away_.
avis, -is, f., _bird_.
-vol, -volre, -volv, -voltrus, _fly away_.
avus, -, m., _grandfather_.
B
baculum, -, n., _stick, wand_.
balteus, -, m.., _belt, girdle_.
barbarus, -a, -um, _barbarian_.
betus, -a, -um, _happy, blessed_.
bellicsus, -a, -um [bellum], _war-like_.
bellum, -, n., _war_.
blua, -ae, f., _beast, monster_.
bene [bonus], adv., _well; successfully_.
beneficium, - [bene + faci], n., _well-doing, kindness, service,
benefit_.
bengn [bengnus, _kind_], adv., _kindly_.
bengnits, -ttis [bengnus, _kind_], f., _kindness_.
bib, bibere, bib, _drink_.
biceps, -cipitis [bi- + caput], adj., _two-headed_.
bonus, -a, -um, _good_.
bs, bovis, gen. plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bbus, m. and f., _ox,
bull, cow_.
bracchium, -, n., _arm_.
brevis, -e, _short_.
Bsris, -idis, m., _Busiris_.
C
Ccus, -, m., _Cacus_.
cadver, -eris, n., _dead body, corpse, carcass_.
cad, cadere, cecid, csrus, _fall_.
caecus, -a, -um, _blind_.
caeds, -is [caed, _cut_], f., _cutting down, killing, slaughter_.
caelum, -, n., _heaven, sky_.
Calais, -is, m., _Calais_.
calamits, -ttis, f., _misfortune, calamity, disaster_.
calceus, -, m., _shoe_.

calefaci, -facere, -fc, -factus [cale, _be hot_ + faci], _make hot_.
calor, -ris [cale, _be hot_], m., _heat_.
campus, -, m., _plain, field_.
cancer, cancr, m., _crab_.
canis, -is, m. and f., _dog_.
cant, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of can, _sing_], _sing_.
cantus, -s [can, _sing_], m., _singing, song_.
capi, capere, cp, captus, _take, catch, seize; receive, suffer;
adopt_.
captvus, -a, -um [capi], _captive_.
caput, capitis, n., _head_.
carcer, -eris, m., _prison_.
carmen, -minis [can, _sing_], n., _song, charm_.
car, carnis, f., _flesh_.
carp, -ere, -s, -tus, _pluck_.
Castor, -oris, m., _Castor_.
castra, -rum, n. plur., _camp_.
cs [abl. of csus], adv., _by chance, accidentally_.
csus, -s [cad], m., _fall; chance, accident_.
catna, -ae, f., _chain_.
cauda, -ae, f., _tail_.
causa, -ae, f., _cause, reason_; abl. caus, _for the sake of_.
cave, cavre, cv, cautus, _beware, take care; be on one's guard
against, beware of_.
celeber, celebris, celebre, _frequented; renowned, celebrated_.
celerits, -ttis [celer, _swift_], f., _swiftness, quickness, speed_.
celeriter [celer, _swift_], adv., _swiftly, quickly_.
cl, -re, -v, -tus, _hide, conceal_.
cna, -ae, f., _dinner_.
cnculum, - [cna], n., _dining-room_.
Cnaeum, -, n., _Cenaeum_ (a promontory of Euboea).
cn, -re, -v, -tus [cna], _dine_.
cnse, cnsre, cnsu, cnsus, _think, believe, consider_.
centaurus, -, m., _centaur_.
centum, indecl. adj., _one hundred_.
Cpheus, -, m., _Cepheus_.
Cerberus, -, m., _Cerberus_.
Ceres, Cereris, f., _Ceres_.
cern, cernere, crv, certus or crtus, _discern, perceive, make out_.
certmen, -minis [cert, _strive_], n., _struggle, contest_.
cert [abl. of certus], adv., _with certainty, for certain, certainly_.
certus, -a, -um [part. of cern], _determined, fixed, certain_; certirem
facere, _to make more certain, inform_.
cervus, -, m., _stag_.
cter, -ae, -a, plur. adj., _the other, the remaining, the rest of_.
Charn, -ontis, m., _Charon_.
cibus, -, m., _food_.
cing, cingere, cinx, cinctus, _surround, gird_.
Circ, -s, f., _Circe_.
Circaeus, -a, -um [Circ], _of Circe_.
circiter, prep. with acc. and adv., _about_.
circum, prep. with acc., _around_.
circum-d, -dare, -ded, -datus, _put around, surround_.
circum-st, -stre, -stet, _stand around_.
citerior, -ius [comp. from citr, _on this side of_], adj., _on this
side, hither_.
cithara, -ae, f., _cithara, lute, lyre_.
citharoedus, - [cithara], m., _citharoedus_ (one who sings to the
accompaniment of the cithara).
cvis, -is, m. and f., _citizen, fellow-citizen, subject_.

cvits, -ttis [cvis], f., _state_.

clmit, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of clm, _call out_], _call out_.
clamor, -ris [clm, _call out_], m., _shout, cry_.
clva, -ae, f., _club_.
clmentia, -ae [clmns, _merciful_], f., _mercy, kindness_.
coep, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action), _have
begun, began_.
cgit, -re, -v, -tus, _consider, think over_.
cgnsc, -gnscere, -gnv, -gnitus [com- + (g)nsc, _come to know_],
_find out, learn_; in tenses of completed action, _have found out,
know_.
cg, cgere, cog, coctus [co- + ag], _drive together, collect;
compel_.
co-hortor, -hortr, -horttus, _encourage, exhort_.
Colch, -rum, m. plur., _Colchians_.
Colchis, -idis, f., _Colchis_.
collum, -, n., _neck_.
col, colere, colu, cultus, _till, cultivate; inhabit; worship_.
color, -ris, m., _color_.
columba, -ae, f., _pigeon, dove_.
columna, -ae, f., _column, pillar_.
comes, -itis [com- + e], m. and f., _companion_.
commetus, -s, m., _supplies, provisions_.
com-mitt, -mittere, -ms, -missus, _send together; commit, intrust;
expose_; proelium committere, _to join battle_.
com-moror, -morr, -mortus, _tarry, linger, delay, stay_.
com-move, -movre, -mv, -mtus, _move, rouse; disturb_.
com-mtti, -tinis, f., _change_.
com-par, -parre, -parv, -partus, _prepare, collect_.
com-pell, -pellere, -pul, -pulsus, _drive together, drive_.
complector, -plect, -plexus, _embrace_.
com-ple, -plre, -plv, -pltus, _fill full, fill up_.
com-plrs, -plra, plur. adj., _several, many_.
com-port, -portre, -portv, -porttus, _carry_ or _bring together,
collect_.
com-prehend, -prehendere, -prehend, -prehnsus, _seize, catch_.
comprim, -primere, -press, -pressus [com- + prem], _press together,
squeeze, compress_.
cntus, -s [cnor], m., _attempt, effort_.
con-cd, -cdere, -cess, -cessus, _grant, yield_.
con-curr, -currere, -curr, -cursus, _run, rush_, or _dash together_.
con-d, -dere, -did, -ditus, _put together, found; store away_.
cn-fer, cnferre, contul, conltus, _bring together; grant, confer_;
s cnferre, _to betake oneself, make one's way_.
cnfici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [com- + faci], _make_ or _do
completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out_.
cn-frm, -frmre, -frmv, -frmtus, _strengthen, establish;
declare, assert_.
cn-flg, -flgere, -flx, -flctus, _dash together_.
conici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [com- + iaci], _throw together; throw,
cast, hurl_.
con-iung, -iungere, -inx, -inctus, _join together, join_.
coninx, coniugis [coniung], m. and f., _spouse, husband, wife_.
conlig, -ligere, -lg, -lctus [com- + leg], _gather together,
collect_.
con-loc, -locre, -locv, -loctus, _place together, put, place_.
conloquium, - [conloquor, _talk together_], n., _conversation_.
cnor, -r, -tus, _try, attempt_.
cnscend, -scendere, -scend, -scnsus [com- + scand, _climb_],
_climb_; nvem cnscendere, _to climb the ship, go on board, embark_.

cnsnsus, -s [cnsenti, _agree]_, m., _agreement, consent_.

cn-sequor, -sequ, -sectus, _follow up, follow; overtake_.
cn-serv, -servre, -servv, -servtus, _preserve, keep_.
cn-sd, -sdere, -sd, -sessus, _sit down_.
cnsilium, - [cnsul], n., _advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence_.
cn-sist, -sistere, -stit, -stitus, _station oneself, take one's stand;
consist_.
cnspectus, -s [cnspici], m., _sight_.
cnspici, -spicere, -spx, -spectus [com- + speci, _look_], _behold,
perceive, see_.
cnstitu, -stituere, -stitu, -stittus [com- + statu], _set together_
or _up; appoint; determine_.
cn-st, -stre, -stit, -sttrus, _stand together, agree; consist_;
cnstat, _it is agreed, is well known_.
cn-susc, -suscere, -suv, -sutus, _become accustomed_; in tenses of
completed action, _have become accustomed, be accustomed_ or _wont_.
cnsul, -ere, -u, -tus, _consult_.
cn-sm, -smere, -smps, -smptus, _take completely, use up, consume,
spend_.
con-teg, -tegere, -tx, -tctus, _cover_.
con-tend, -tendere, -tend, -tentus, _stretch, hasten_.
continns, -entis [contine], f., _'mainland, continent_.
contine, -tinre, -tinu, -tentus [com- + tene], _hold together, keep
within, shut up in; bound_.
continuus, -a, -um [contine], _continuous, successive_.
contr, prep, with acc., _against, contrary to_.
contrversia, -ae, f., _quarrel, dispute, debate_.
con-veni, -venre, -vn, -ventus, _come together, assemble_.
con-vert, -vertere, -vert, -versus, _turn round, turn, change_; in
fugam convertere, _to put to flight_.
con-voc, -vocre, -vocv, -voctus, _call together, summon, assemble_.
co-orior, -orr, -ortus, _arise_.
cpia, -ae, f., _supply, abundance_; plur., _forces, troops_.
Corinthus, -, m., _Corinth_.
corium, -, n., _hide, leather_.
corn, -s, n., _horn_.
corpus, corporis, n., _body_.
corripi, -ripere, -ripu, -reptus [com- + rapi], _seize, snatch,
snatch up_.
cottdi, adv., _daily, every day_.
crdibilis, -e [crd], _credible_.
crd, -dere, -did, -ditus, _believe_.
cre, -re, -v, -tus, _elect, appoint_.
Cren, -ontis, m., _Creon_.
creptus, -s [crep, _rattle_], m., _rattle, clatter_.
crepundia, -rum [crep, _rattle_], n. plur., _rattle_.
Crta, -ae, f., _Crete_.
crucitus, -s [cruci, _torture_], m., _torture_.
crdlis, -e, _cruel_.
crs, crris, n., _leg_.
cubiculum, - [cub], n., _bedroom_.
cub, -re, -u, _lie down, lie, recline_.
culter, cultr, m., _knife_.
cum, prep, with abl., _with_.
cum, conj., _when, while, after; since; although_.
cnae, -arum, f. plur., _cradle_.
cupidits, -ttis [cupidus], f., _desire, longing, eagerness_.
cupidus, -a, -um [cupi], _desirous, eager_.
cupi, -ere, -v, -tus, _desire, long for, wish_.
cr, adv., _why_.

curr, currere, cucurr, cursus, run.

cursus, -s, m., _chariot_.
cursus, -s [curr], m., _running_, _course_.
custdi, -re, -v, -tus [custs, _guard], guard_.
Cyclps, -is, m., _Cyclops_
Cyzicus, -, f., _Cyzicus_.
D
damnum, -, n., _harm, injury_.
Dana, -s, f., _Danae_.
d, prep, with abl., _down from_, _from, out of; about, concerning_,
_of_.
dbe, -re, -u, -itus [d+ habe], _owe_; with infin., _ought_.
dbitus, -a, -um [part, of dbe], _owed, due_.
d-cd, -cdere, -cess, -cessus, _go away, depart_.
decem, indecl. adj., _ten_.
dcid, -cidere, -cid [d + cad], _fall down_.
decimus, -a, -um [decem], _tenth_.
dcipi, -cipere, -cp, -ceptus [d + capi], _catch, deceive_.
decor, -re, -v, -tus [decus, _adornment], adorn, distinguish_.
d-curr, -currere, -cucurr, -cursus, _run down_.
d-decus, -decoris, n., _dishonor_, _disgrace_.
d-d, -dere, -did, -ditus, _give_ _away_ or _up_.
d-dc, -dcere, -dx, -ductus, _lead down_ or _away, bring_; nvem
ddcere, _to draw down_ or _launch a ship_.
d-fend, -fendere, -fend, -fnsus, _ward off; defend_.
d-fer, -ferre, -tul, -ltus, _bear_ or _carry away_ or _off_.
d-fessus, -a, -um, _worn out_, _exhausted_.
dfici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [d + faci], _fail_.
Dianra, -ae, f., _Dejanira_.
dici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [d + iaci], _throw down, cast, drive out
of one's course_.
deinde, adv., _then, next_.
d-lbor, -lb, -lapsus, _slip_ or _fall down_.
dlig, -ligere, -lg, -lctus [d + leg], _choose out, choose,
select_.
Delph, -rum, m. plur., _Delphi_.
Delphicus, -a, -um [Delph], _of Delphi, Delphic, Delphian_.
dmissus, -a, -um [part. of dmitt], _downcast, dejected_.
d-mitt, -mittere, -ms, -missus, _send down, let fall_; anims
dmittere, _to lose courage_.
d-mnstr, -mnstrre, -mnstrv, -mnstrtus, _point out, show; make
known_.
dmum, adv., _at last_.
dnique, adv., _lastly, finally_.
dns, dentis, m., _tooth_.
dnsus, -a, -um, _thick_.
d-pell, -pellere, -pul, -pulsus, _drive off_ or _away, drive_.
d-plr, -plrre, -plrv, -plrtus, _lament_.
d-pn, -pnere, -posu, -positus, _put down, deposit; lay aside, give
up_; memori dpnere, _to forget_.
dripi, -ripere, -ripu, -reptus [d + rapi], _snatch away, tear off,
pull down_.
dscend, -scendere, -scend, -scnsus [d + scand], _climb down,
descend_.
d-ser, -serere, -seru, -sertus, _desert_.
dsertus, -a, -um [part, of dser], _deserted_.
dsderium, - [dsder, _desire]_, n., _desire, longing_.
dsili, -silre, -silu, -sultus [d + sali], _leap down_.

d-sist, -sistere, -stit, -stitus, _set down; leave off, desist, cease,
stop_.
d-spr, -sprre, -sprv, -sprtus, _despair_.
d-super, adv., _down from above_.
d-terre, -terrre, -terru, -territus, _frighten off, deter_.
d-trah, -trahere, -trx, -trctus, _draw_ or _pull off_.
deus, -, m., _god_.
d-vert, -vertere, -vert, _turn away_ or _aside_.
d-vor, -vorre, -vorv, -vortus, _swallow down, swallow, devour_.
dexter, -tra, -trum, _right_.
dextra, -ae [dexter], f., _right hand_ (manus understood).
Dina, -ae, f., _Diana_.
dc, dcere, dx, dictus, _say, speak_; diem dcere, _to appoint_ or
_set a day_.
dis, -, m. and f., _day_.
difficilis, -e [dis- + facilis], _not easy, difficult_.
difficultas, -ttis [difficilis], f., _difficulty_.
diffund, -fundere, -fd, -fsus [dis- + fund], _pour forth, spread_ or
_shed abroad, diffuse_.
dligenter [dligns, _careful_], adv., _carefully, diligently_.
dligentia, -ae [dligns, _careful_], f., _care, diligence, industry_.
d-lcsc, -lcscere, -lx, _grow light, dawn_.
dlcid [dlcidus, _distinct_], adv., _distinctly, plainly_.
d-mitt, -mittere, -ms, -missus, _send different ways, send forth_ or
_away, despatch; let slip, lose_.
Diomds, -is, m., _Diomedes_.
drus, -a, -um, _dreadful_.
dis-cd, -cdere, -cess, -cessus, _go apart, withdraw, depart_.
disc, discere, didic, _learn_.
discrmen, -crminis, n., _crisis, peril, danger_.
discus, -, m., _discus, quoit_.
disici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [dis- + iaci], _throw apart, scatter_.
di, adv., _for a long time, a long time_ or _while, long_; comp.
ditius, _longer_.
d-vell, -vellere, -vell, -vulsus, _tear apart, rend asunder, tear in
pieces_.
dversus, -a, -um [part. of dverto], _turned different ways, opposite,
contrary, different_.
dvid, -videre, -vs, -vsus, _divide, separate_.
d, dare, ded, datus, _give_.
doceo, -re, -u, -tus, _teach, explain_.
dolor, -ris [dole, _be in pain_], m., _pain, grief; anger_.
dolus, -, m., _trick, craft_.
domina, -ae, f., _mistress_.
domus, -s, f., _house, home_.
dnum, - [do], n., _gift_.
dormi, -re, -v, _sleep_.
drac, -nis, m., _dragon, serpent_.
dubit, -re, -v, -tus [dubius], _doubt, hesitate_.
dubius, -a, -um, _doubtful, uncertain_.
dc, dcere, dx, ductus [dux], _lead; make, dig_; with or without in
mtrimnium, _marry_.
ddum, adv., _formerly, of old_; iam ddum, _this long time_.
dulcd, -inis [dulcis], f., _sweetness_.
dulcis, -e, _sweet_.
dum, conj., _while, as; as long as; until_.
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj., _two_.
duodecim [duo + decem], indecl. adj., _twelve_.
duo-d-vgint, indecl. adj., _eighteen_.
dux, ducis, m. and f., _leader, commander_.

E
, see ex.
brius, -a, -um, _drunk_.
-dc, -dcere, -dx, -dictus, _declare, proclaim, appoint_.
-d, -dere, -did, -ditus, _put forth, give out, utter_.
-dc, -dcere, -dx, -ductus, _lead out, draw_.
effervsc, -fervscere, -ferbu [ex + fervsc], _boil up_ or _over,
boil_.
effici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [ex + faci], _make_ or _work out,
accomplish, effect_.
effl, -flre, -flv, -fltus [ex + fl], _breathe out_.
effugio, -fugere, -fg [ex + fugi], _flee out_ or _away, escape_.
effund, -fundere, -fd, -fsus [ex + fund], _pour out_.
ego, me, pers. pron., _I_.
gredior, -gred, -gressus [ + gradior], _go out_ or _forth, go ashore,
disembark_.
gregi [gregius, _excellent_], adv., _excellently, splendidly,
admirably_.
lis, -idis, f., _Elis_.
Elysius, -a, -um, _Elysian_.
-mitt, -mittere, -ms, -missus, _send out_ or _forth_.
enim, conj., _for_.
-nnti, -nntire, -nntiv, -nntitus, _speak out, announce, make
known_.
e, re, i, itus, _go_.
e [is], adv., _to that place, thither_.
equus, -, m., _horse_.
rctus, -a, -um [part, of rig], _upright, erect_.
erg, prep, with acc., _toward, for_.
Ergnus, -, m., _Erginus_.
ridanus, -, m., _Eridanus_.
rig, -rigere, -rx, -rctus [ + reg], _raise_ or _set up, raise,
lift; cheer, encourage_.
ripi, -ripere, -ripu, -reptus [ + rapi], _snatch out_ or _away,
rescue_.
err, -re, -v, -tus, _wander, stray; be mistaken_.
rudi, -rudre, -rudv, -rudtus, _instruct_.
Erymanthius, -a, -um, _of Erymanthus, Erymanthian_.
Erytha, -ae, f., _Erythia_.
et, conj., _and_; et ... et, _both ... and_.
etiam [et + iam], adv., _and now, also, too, even_.
et-s, conj., _even if, although_.
Eunomus, -, m., _Eunomus_.
Eurpa, -ae, f., _Europe_.
Eurylochus, -, m., _Eurylochus_.
Eurystheus, -, m., _Eurystheus_.
Eurytin, -nis, m., _Eurytion_.
Eurytus, -, m., _Eurytus_.
-vd, -vdere, -vs, -vsus,
_go forth, get away, escape_.
-vnsc, -vnscere, -vnu, _vanish away_.
-veni, -venre, -vn, -ventus, _come out; turn out, happen, befall_.
-voc, -vocre, -vocv, -voctus, _call out, challenge_.
-vom, -vomere, -vomu, -vomitus, _vomit forth_.
ex or (the latter never used before words beginning with a vowel or
_h_), prep. with abl., _out of, from; of_.
ex-anim, -animre, -animv, -animtus, _put out of breath, fatigue,
tire, exhaust; stupefy; kill_.

ex-rdsc, -rdscere, -rs, -rsus, _blaze out, be inflamed, rage_.

ex-cd, -cdere, -cess, -cessus, _go out_ or _forth, depart_.
excipi, -cipere, -cp, -ceptus [ex + capi], _take out_ or _up,
receive, welcome, entertain_.
ex-cit, -citre, -citv, -cittus, _call out, arouse_.
ex-clm, -clmre, -clmv, -clmtus, _cry out, exclaim_.
excld, -cldere, -cls, -clsus [ex + claud], _shut out, hinder,
prevent_.
ex-cgit, -cgitre, -cgitv, -cgittus, _think out, contrive,
devise, invent_.
ex-cruci, -crucire, -cruciv, crucitus, _torture_.
ex-e, -re, -i, -itus, _go out_.
exerce, -ercre, -ercu, -ercitus, _exercise_.
exercitti, -nis [exerce], f., _exercise_.
exercitus, -s, m., _army_.
ex-haurio, -haurre, -haus, -haustus, _drink up_ or _off, drain_.
exstim, -stimre, -stimv, -stimtus [ex + aestimo, _value],
consider, believe, think_.
ex-orior, -orr, -ortus, _arise from, spring up, rise_.
ex-pell, -pellere, -pul, -pulsus, _drive out, expel_.
ex-pi, -pire, -piv, -pitus, _expiate_.
explrtor, -ris [explr], m., _explorer, scout, spy_.
ex-plr, -plrre, -plrv, -plrtus, _search out, explore_.
ex-pn, -pnere, -posu, -positus, _put out, set forth; put on shore,
land; explain_.
exprim, -primere, -press, -pressus [ex + prem], _press out_.
exsili, -silre, -silu [ex + sali], _leap out_ or _forth_.
exsilium, - [exsul, _exile_], n., _exile_.
ex-spect, -spectre, -spectv, -specttus, _look out for, wait for,
await, expect; wait_.
ex-spr, -sprre, -sprv, -sprtus, _breathe out_.
ex-stru, -struere, -strx, -strctus, _pile_ or _heap up, build,
erect_.
extempl, adv., _immediately, straightway, at once_.
ex-trah, -trahere, -trx, -trctus, _draw_ or _drag out, release,
rescue_.
extrmus, -a, -um, _last, extreme, furthest_.
exu, -uere, -u, -tus, _put_ or _take off_.
F
faber, fabr, m., _smith_.
fabricor, -r, -tus [faber], _make, fashion_.
fbula, -ae [for, _speak_], f., _story_.
facile [facilis, _easy_], adv., _easily_.
facinus, facinoris [faci], n., _deed, crime_.
faci, facere, fc, factus, _make, do_; iter facere, see iter.
facults, -ttis [facilis, _easy_], f., _possibility, opportunity,
chance, means_.
fall, fallere, fefell, falsus, _deceive_.
falsus, -a, -um [part. of fall], _feigned, pretended, false_.
falx, falcis, f., _sickle; curved sword, falchion_.
fma, -ae [for, _speak_], f., _report, rumor_.
fams, -is, abl. fam, f., _hunger_.
fr, farris, n., _grain; meal_.
ftum, - [part. of for, _speak_], n., _destiny, fate_.
faucs, -ium, f. plur., _throat_.
fax, facis, f., _torch, firebrand_.
flciter [flx, _happy_], adv., _happily, fortunately, successfully_.
fmina, -ae, f., _woman_.

fera, -ae [ferus, _wild_], f., _wild animal, beast_.

fer, adv., _nearly, about, almost, for the most part_.
fer, ferre, tul, ltus, _bear, bring_.
ferx, -cis [ferus, _wild_], adj., _fierce, savage_.
ferreus, -a, -um [ferrum, _iron_], _of iron, iron_.
ferve, -re, _boil; glow, burn_.
fessus, -a, -um, _exhausted, worn out, weary_.
figra, -ae, f., _form, shape, figure_.
flia, -ae, f., _daughter_.
flius, -, m., _son_.
fing, fingere, finx, fictus, _invent, make up_.
fnis, -is, m., _end, boundary; _ plur., _borders, territory, country_.
fnitimus, -a, -um [fnis], _neighboring, adjoining_.
f, fier, factus sum, _be done_ or _made, become, happen_.
flamma, -ae, f., _flame_.
flmen, -minis [flu, _flow_], n., _river_.
fns, fontis, m., _fountain, spring_.
fors [foris], adv., _out of doors, forth, out_.
fors [foris], adv., _out of doors, without_.
foris, -is, f., _door_.
frma, -ae, f., _form, appearance; beauty_.
frmsus, -a, -um [frma], _beautiful_.
forte [fors, _chance_], adv., _by chance, accidentally_.
fortis, -e, _brave_.
fortiter [fortis], adv., _bravely_.
fortna, -ae [fors, _chance_], f., _fortune_.
fossa, -ae [part. of fodi, _dig_], f., _ditch, trench_.
frang, frangere, frg, frctus, _break; dash to pieces, wreck_.
frter, frtris, m., _brother_.
fraus, fraudis, f., _deception, fraud_.
fremitus, -s [frem, _roar_], m., _roaring, roar_.
frn, -re, -v, -tus [frnum, _bridle_], _bridle, restrain_.
fretum, -, n., _strait_.
frns, frontis, f., _forehead_.
frctus, -s [fruor, _enjoy_], m., _enjoyment; fruit_.
frmentor, -r, -tus [frmentum], _fetch grain, forage_.
frmentum, - [fruor, _enjoy_], n., _grain_.
frstr, adv., _in vain_.
fuga, -ae, f., _flight_.
fugi, fugere, fg, fugitrus [fuga], _flee, run away_.
fmus, -, m., _smoke_.
furor, -ris [fur, _rage_], m., _rage, fury, frenzy, madness_.
frtum, - [fr, _thief_], n., _theft_.
G
galea, -ae, f., _helmet_.
Gallia, -ae, f., _Gaul_.
gaude, gaudre, gvsus, _be glad, rejoice_.
gaudium, - [gaude], n., _gladness, joy_.
gns, gentis, f., _race, nation_.
genus, generis, n., _kind, nature_.
ger, gerere, gess, gestus, _carry, wear; carry on, do_.
Gryn, -onis, m., _Geryon_.
ggn, ggnere, genu, genitus, _produce, bring forth_.
gladius, -, m., _sword_.
Glauc, -s, f., _Glauce_.
glria, -ae, f., _glory_.
Gorg, -onis, f., _Gorgon_.
Graeae, -rum, f. plur., _the Graeae_.

Graecia, -ae [Graecus], f., _Greece_.

Graecus, -a, -um, _Greek_.
grtia, -ae [grtus], f., _favor; gratitude, thanks_; plur., _thanks_;
grtis agere, _to give thanks, thank_; grtiam referre, _to return
a favor, show gratitude, requite_.
grtus, -a, -um, _pleasing, grateful_.
gravis, -e, _heavy; severe, grievous, serious_.
graviter [gravis], adv., _severely, seriously_.
gubern, -re, -v, -tus, _steer_.
gust, -re, -v, -tus, _taste_.
H
habe, -re, -u, -itus, _have, hold; consider_.
habit, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of habe], _dwell, inhabit_.
Hds, -ae, m., _Hades_.
haere, haerre, haes, haesrus, _stick; hesitate_.
haesit, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of haere], _hesitate_.
Hammn, -nis, m., _Hammon_.
harna, -ae, f., _sand; shore_.
Harpiae, -rum, f. plur., _Harpies_.
haud, adv., _not at all, by no means, not_.
haudququam [haud + quisquam], adv., _in no wise, not at all_.
hauri, haurre, haus, haustus, _draw_.
herba, -ae, f., _herb, plant_.
Herculs, -is, m., _Hercules_.
Hsion, -s, f., _Hesione_.
Hesperids, -um, f. plur., _the Hesperides_.
hesternus, -a, -um [her, _yesterday_], _of yesterday, yesterday's_,
hesternus dis, _yesterday_.
hc [hc], adv., _here; hereupon_.
hc, haec, hc, dem. pron., _this_; ille ... hc, _that ... this, the
former ... the latter_.
hinc [hc], adv., _from this place, hence_.
Hippolyt, -s, f., _Hippolyte_.
Hispnia, -ae, f., _Spain_.
Homrus, -, m., _Homer_.
hom, hominis, m., _man_.
honor, -ris, m., _honor_.
hra, -ae, f., _hour_.
horribilis, -e [horre, _shudder_], _dreadful, terrible, horrible_.
hortor, -r, -tus, _exhort, encourage, urge_.
hortus, -, m., _garden_.
hospitium, - [hospes, _host_], n., _hospitality_.
hostis, -is, m. and f., _enemy, foe_.
hc [hc], adv., _to this place, hither_.
hmnus, -a, -um [hom], _of man, human_.
hum [loc. of humus, _ground_], adv., _on the ground_.
Hydra, -ae, f., _Hydra_.
Hyls, -ae, m., _Hylas_.
I
iace, -re, -u, _lie, be prostrate_.
iaci, iacere, ic, iactus, _throw, cast, hurl_.
iam, adv., _now, already_.
inua, -ae, f., _door_.
Isn, -onis, m., _Jason_.
ibi [is], adv., _in that place, there_.
ctus, -s [c, _strike_], m., _blow_.

dem, eadem, idem [is], dem. pron., _the same_; sometimes to be

translated _likewise, also_.
idneus, -a, -um, _suitable, fit; favorable_.
igitur, conj., _therefore_.
gnrus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + gnrus, _knowing_], _ignorant_.
gnvus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + gnvus, _active_], _lazy, cowardly_.
gnis, -is, m., _fire_.
gnr, -re, -v, -tus, _ be ignorant of_.
gntus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + ntus], _unknown_.
lias, -adis, f., _the Iliad_.
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron., _that; he, she, it, they_; ille ... hc,
see hc.
imber, imbris, m., _rain, shower_.
imbu, -buere, -bu, -btus, _wet, soak, dip_.
immnits, -ttis [immnis, _cruel_], f., _cruelty, barbarity_.
immitt, -mittere, -ms, -missus, _send_ or _let in_.
immol, -molre, -molv, -moltus [in + mola], _sacrifice_ (the victim
was sprinkled with consecrated meal).
impedi, -pedre, -pedv, -pedtus [in + ps], _hinder, prevent,
impede_.
impell, -pellere, -pul, -pulsus [in + pell], _drive_ or _urge on,
incite, urge_.
impertor, -ris [imper], m., _commander, general_.
impertum, - [part, of imper], n., _command, order_.
impertus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + pertus], _inexperienced, unskilled,
ignorant_.
imperium, - [imper], n., _command; sway, rule_.
imper, -perre, -perv, -pertus, _command, order, enjoin_.
impetr, -petrre, -petrv, -petrtus, _gain one's end, obtain_ (a
request).
impetus, -s [in + pet], m., _attack_; impetum facere, _to charge_.
impn, -pnere, -posu, -positus [in + pn], _place_ or _lay upon,
impose; embark_.
improbus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + probus, _upright_], _wicked_.
in, prep, with acc., _into, in, to, upon_; with abl., _in, on_.
incid, -cidere, -cid [in + cad], _fall into_ or _upon_.
incld, -cldere, -cls, -clsus [in + claud, _shut_], _shut up in,
inclose, imprison_.
incola, -ae [incol], m. and f., _inhabitant_.
in-col, -colere, -colu, _inhabit_.
incolumis, -e, _unhurt, safe_.
in-commodum, -, n., _inconvenience_.
in-crdibilis, e, _incredible_.
in-dc, -dcere, dx, -ductus, _lead in_ or _on, move, excite_.
indu, induere, indu, indtus, _put on; clothe_.
in-e, -re, -i, -itus, _go into, enter; adopt_.
nfandus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + ger. of for, _speak_], _unspeakable,
monstrous_.
nfns, -fantis [in-, _not_ + part. of for, _speak_], m. and f.,
_infant, babe_.
nfectus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + part. of faci], _not done, undone,
unaccomplished_.
n-flx, -flcis, adj., _unhappy, unfortunate_.
nfer, -rum [nferus, _below_], m. plur., _inhabitants of the
underworld, the dead, the shades_.
nfer, nferre, intul, inltus, _bring in_ or _against, wage against;
inflict_.
nfstus, -a, -um, _unsafe, dangerous_.
nfici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [in + faci], _stain, dye_.
n-fund, -fundere, -fd, -fsus, _pour in_ or _upon_.

ingns, -gentis, adj., _huge, vast_.

inici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [in +iaci], _throw in_ or _upon; cause,
inspire_.
inimcus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + amcus], _unfriendly, hostile_.
initium, - [ine], n., _beginning_.
iniria, -ae [in-, _not_ + is], f., _injury, wrong, hurt, harm_.
inluvis, -, f., _dirt, filth_.
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verb, _I say, you say, he says_.
in-rde, -rdre, -rs, -rsus, _laugh at, mock_.
in-rump, -rumpere, -rp, -ruptus, _burst into_ or _in_.
in-ru, -ruere, -ru, _rush in_.
nsnia, -ae [nsnus, _mad_], f., _madness, insanity_.
nscins, -scientis [in-, _not_ + part. of sci], adj., _unknowing,
unaware_.
n-sequor, -sequ, -sectus, _follow upon_ or _up, pursue_.
nsidiae, -rum, f. plur., _ambush; plot, stratagem_.
nsperg, -spergere, -spers, -spersus [in + sparg], _sprinkle on_ or
_over_.
nspici, -spicere, -spx, -spectus [in + speci], _look into_ or
_upon_.
nstitu, -stituere, -stitu, -stittus [in + statu], _decide upon,
determine_.
n-struo, -struere, -strx, -strctus, _build in_ or _into; draw up;
equip, furnish_,
nsula, -ae, f., _island_.
intelleg, -legere, -lx, -lctus, _perceive, understand_.
in-tend, -tendere, -tend, -tentus, _stretch out; stretch, draw, aim_.
inter, prep, with acc., _among, between_.
intere [inter], adv., _in the meantime, meanwhile_.
interfici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [inter + faci], _put out of the way,
kill_.
interior, -ius [comp. from inter], adj., _interior, inner_.
inter-mitt, -mittere, -ms, -mssus, _leave off, interrupt; let pass; _
pass., _be left between, intervene, elapse_.
inter-sum, -esse, -fu, -futrus, _be_ or _lie between_.
intervllum, -, n., _interval, space, distance_.
intr [inter], prep. with acc., _within_.
intr, -re, -v, -tus [intr], _go within_ or _into, enter_.
introitus, -s [introe, _go within_], m., _entrance_.
in-tueor, -tur, -tuitus, _look upon, behold_.
in-sittus, -a, -um, _unusual, extraordinary_.
in-tilis, -e, _not useful, useless_.
in-veni, -venre, -vn, -ventus, _come upon, find_.
invt, -re, -v, -tus, _invite_.
invtus, -a, -um, _unwilling_.
Iolus, -, m., _Iolaus_.
Iol, -s, f., _Iole_.
Iovis, gen. of Iuppiter.
phicls, -is, m., _Iphicles_.
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron., _self, himself, herself, itself,
themselves_; often to be rendered by _very_.
ra, -ae, f., _anger, wrath_.
rscor, rsc, rtus [ra], _be angry_.
rtus, -a, -um [part, of rscor], _angered, enraged, angry, furious_.
is, ea, id, dem. pron., _this, that; he, she, it, they_.
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron., _that of yours, that_.
ita [is], adv., _in this manner, thus, so_; ita ut, _as_.
talia, -ae, f., _Italy_.
ita-que, adv., _and so, accordingly, therefore_.
iter, itineris [e], n., _a going, journey, march_; iter facere, _to

journey, march_.
iterum, adv., _again, a second time_.
Ithaca, -ae, f., _Ithaca_.
iube, iubre, iuss, issus, _bid, order, command_.
icundus, -a, -um, _sweet, pleasant_.
idex, idicis [is + dc], m., _judge_.
iugum, - [iung], n., _yoke_.
iung, iungere, inx, inctus, _join; yoke, harness_.
In, -nis, f., _Juno_.
Iuppiter, Iovis, m., _Jupiter_ or _Jove_.
is, iris, n., _right, justice, law_; is dcere, _to pronounce
judgment_; is irandum, iris irand [ger. of ir, _swear_], _oath_.
issum, - [part, of iube], n., _order, command_.
issus, -s [iube], m., _bidding, command_.
istus, -a, -um [is], _just_.
iuvenis, -is, m., _young man, youth_.
L
lbor, lb, lapsus, _slip, glide, fall_.
labor, -ris, m., _labor, toil_.
labr, -re, -v, -tus [labor], _labor, toil_.
lc, lactis, n., _milk_.
Lacnia, -ae, f., _Laconia_.
lacrima, -ae, f., _tear_.
lacus, -s, m., _lake_.
laetitia, -ae [laetus, _joyful_], f., _joy_.
lmenta, -rum, n. plur., _lamentation_.
Lomedn, -ontis, m., _Laomedon_.
lapis, -idis, m., _stone_.
laqueus, -, m., _noose_.
Lrsa, -ae, f., _Larisa_.
lassitd, -inis [lassus, _weary_], f., _weariness_.
late, -re, -u, _lie hid, be concealed_.
latr, -nis, m., _robber_.
ltus, -a, -um, _broad, wide_.
lgtus, - [part. of lg, _depute_], m., _ambassador_.
lnis, -e, _gentle_.
le, -nis, m., _lion_.
Lernaeus, -a, -um, _of Lerna_, _Lernean_.
Lth, -s, f., _Lethe_.
levis, -e, _light, slight_.
leviter [levis], adv., _slightly_.
libenter [libns, _willing_], adv., _willingly, gladly_.
lber, -rum [lber, _free_], m. plur., _children_.
lber, -re, -v, -tus [lber, _free_], _set free, free, liberate,
release_.
lberts, -ttis [lber, _free_], f., _freedom, liberty_.
Libya, -ae, f., _Libya, Africa_.
licet, -re, -uit or -itum est, impers., _is lawful_ or _permitted_.
Lichs, -ae, m., _Lichas_.
lgneus, -a, -um [lgnum], _of wood, wooden_.
lgnum, -, n., _wood_.
Ligurs, -um, m. plur., _Ligurians_.
Liguria, -ae [Ligurs], f., _Liguria_.
lmen, -minis, n., _threshold; door_.
lmus, -, m., _mud_.
linter, lintris, f., _boat, skiff_.
Linus, -, m., _Linus_.
ltus, ltoris, n., _shore_.

locus, -, m., plur. loca, -orum, n., _place, situation_.

long [longus], adv., _far_.
longinquus, -a, -um [longus], _distant, remote_.
longus, -a, -um, _long; tedious_.
loquor, loqu, loctus, _speak_.
ltus, -, f., _lotus_.
lucrum, -, n., _gain_.
luctor, -r, -tus, _wrestle, struggle_.
ldus, -, m., _game, sport_.
lmen, -minis, n., _light_.
lx, lcis, f., _light_.
M
magicus, -a, -um, _magic_.
magis, comp. adv., _more, rather_.
magister, -tr [magis], m., _master_.
mgnific [mgnificus], adv., _splendidly_.
mgnificentia, -ae [mgnificus], f., _splendor, magnificence_.
mgnificus, -a, -um [mgnus + faci], _splendid, magnificent_.
mgnitd, -tdinis [mgnus], f., _greatness, size_.
mgnopere [abl. of mgnum opus], adv., _greatly, very much, exceedingly;
earnestly_.
mgnus, -a, -um, _large, big, great, mighty; loud_.
mior, mius, comp. of mgnus.
male [malus], adv., _badly, ill_.
ml, mlle, mlu [magis + vol], _wish rather, prefer_.
malum, - [malus], n., _evil, mischief_.
malus, -a, -um, _bad_.
mlus, -, m., _mast_.
mand, -dre, -dv, -dtus [manus + -d, _put_], _put in hand, intrust,
commit; charge, command_.
mne, adv., _in the morning, early in the morning_.
mane, manre, mns, mnsus, _remain_.
mns, -ium, m. plur., _spirit, shade_.
manus, -s, f., _hand_.
mare, maris, n., _sea_.
martus, -, m., _husband_.
Mrs, Mrtis, m., _Mars_.
mter, mtris, f., _mother_.
mtrimnium, - [mter], n., _marriage_; in mtrimnium dcere, _marry_.
mtr, -re, -v, -tus [mtrus, _ripe_], _ripen; hasten_.
mxim [mximus], adv., _very greatly, exceedingly, especially_.
mximus, -a, -um, superl. of mgnus.
Mda, -ae, f., _Medea_.
medicmentum, - [medic, _heal_], n., _drug; poison, potion_.
medicna, -ae [medicus, _physician_], f., _art of healing, medicine_.
medius, -a, -um, _mid, middle_.
Medsa, -ae, f., _Medusa_.
membrum, -, n., _limb, member_.
memoria, -ae [memor, _remembering_], f., _memory_.
memor, -re, -v, -tus [memor, _remembering_], _remind of, mention_.
menti, -nis, f., _mention_.
merctor, -ris [mercor, _trade_], m., _trader, merchant_.
mercs, mercdis, f., _pay, reward, wages_.
Mercurius, -, m., _Mercury_.
merg, mergere, mers, mersus, _dip, plunge, sink_.
merdinus, -a, -um [merdis], _midday, noonday_; merdinum tempus,
_midday, noon_.
merdis, - [medius + dis], m., _midday, noon; south_.

meritus, -a, -um [part. of mere], _deserved, due, just_.

meus, -a, -um [ego, me], _my, mine_.
mles, mlitis, m., _soldier_.
mlitris, -e [mles], _military, warlike_; rs mlitris, _art of war,
warfare_.
mlle, indecl. adj., _a thousand_; mlia, -ium, n. plur., _thousands_;
mlia passuum, _thousands of paces, miles_.
minae, -rum, f. plur., _threats_.
Minerva, -ae, f., _Minerva_.
minim [minimus, _least_], adv., _least, very little; by no means, not at
all_.
minimum [minimus, _least_], adv., _very little, slightly_.
minitor, -r, -tus [minae], _threaten_.
Mns, Mnis, m., _Minos_.
minus, comp. adv., _less_.
Minyae, -rum, m. plur., _Minyae_.
mrculum, - [mror], n., _wonder, marvel, miracle_.
mror, -r, -tus [mrus], _wonder, wonder at_.
mrus, -a, -um, _wonderful, strange_.
misce, miscre, miscu, mxtus, _mix, mingle_.
misericordia, -ae [misericors, _pitiful_], f;, _pity, compassion_.
mitt, mittere, ms, missus, _send_.
modo [modus], adv., _only_.
modus, -, m., _way, manner_.
moenia, -ium, n. plur., _walls_.
mola, -ae, f., _meal_.
molestia, -ae [molestus, _annoying_], f., _annoyance_.
mone, -re, -u, -itus, _warn_.
mns, montis, m., _mountain_.
mnstr, -re, -v, -tus [mnstrum], _point out, show_.
mnstrum, -, n., _wonder, monster_.
mora, -ae, f., _delay_.
morde, mordre, momord, morsus, _bite_.
morior, mor, mortuus, _die_.
moror, -r, -tus [mora], _delay, linger, stay_.
mors, morts [morior], f., _death_.
mortlis, -e [mors], _mortal_.
mortifer, -fera, -ferum [mors + fer], _death-bringing, deadly_.
mortuus, -a, -um [part. of _morior_], _dead_.
ms, mris, m., _way, manner, habit, custom_.
move, movre, mv, mtus, _move_.
mox, adv., soon.
mgi, -re, -v, _low, bellow_.
mgtus, -s [mgi], m., _lowing, bellowing_.
mulier, mulieris, f., _woman_.
multitd, -tdinis [multus], f., _multitude_.
mult [multus], adv., _by much_ or _far, much, far_.
multum, - [multus], n., _much_.
multum [multus], adv., _much, greatly, far_.
multus, -a, -um, _much, great_; plur., _many_.
mni, -re, -v, -tus [moenia], _fortify_.
mnus, mneris, n., _service, office, duty; present, gift_.
mrus, -, m., _wall_.
msica, -ae, f., _music_.
mt, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of move], _change_.
Msia, -ae, f., _Mysia_.
N
nactus, part. of nancscor.

nam, conj., _for_.

nam-que, conj., _for_.
nancscor, nancsc, nactus, _get, obtain, find_.
nrr, -re, -v, -tus, _tell, relate, narrate_.
nat, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of n, _swim_], _swim, float_.
ntra, -ae [nscor, _be born_], f., _nature, character_.
nauta, -ae [nvis], m., _sailor_.
nauticus, -a, -um [nauta], _naval, nautical_.
nvigti, -nis [nvig], f., _sailing, navigation, voyage_.
nvig, -re, -v, -tus [nvis + ag], _sail_.
nvis, -is, f., _ship_.
-ne, enclitic introducing a question, untranslatable.
n, adv., _not_; n ... quidem, _not ... even_; conj., _that not, lest_.
nec, see neque.
necesse, indecl. adj., _necessary_.
nec, -re, -v, -tus, _put to death, slay, kill_.
negleg, -legere, -lx, -lctus [nec + leg, _gather_], _disregard,
neglect_.
neg, -re, -v, -tus, _say no_ or _not, deny, refuse_.
negtium, - [nec + tium, _leisure_], n., _business, matter; task,
trouble, difficulty_.
Nemeaeus, -a, -um, _of Nemea, Nemean_.
nm, nminis [ne-, _not_ + hom], m. and f., _no one, nobody_.
neps, neptis, m., _grandson_.
Neptnus, -, m., _Neptune_.
neque or nec [ne-, _not_ + -que], conj., _and not, nor_; neque ... neque,
_neither ... nor_; neque enim, _for ... not_.
nervus, -, m., _sinew, muscle_.
ne-sci, -scre, -scv, _not know, be ignorant_; nesci quis, _I know
not who, some one or other_ (nesci is thus used with other
interrogative words also).
Nessus, -, m., _Nessus_.
neu, see nve.
neuter, neutra, neutrum [ne-, _not_ + uter], _neither_.
nve or neu [n + -ve, _or_], conj., _and that not, and not, nor_.
niger, nigra, nigrum, _black_.
nihil, n., indecl., _nothing_.
nisi [ne-, _not_ + s], conj., _if not, unless_.
nix, nivis, f., _snow_.
noct [nox], adv., _at_ or _by night_.
nocturnus, -a, -um [nox], _of night, nocturnal_; nocturnum tempus,
_night-time_.
nl, nlle, nlu [ne-, _not_ + vol], _not wish, be unwilling_.
nmen, -minis [nsc, _come to know_], n., _name_ (that by which one is
known).
nn, adv., _not_.
nn-dum, adv., _not yet_.
nn-ne, adv., introducing a question to which an affirmative answer is
expected, _not_?
nn-nllus, -a, -um, _not none, some, several_.
ns, plur. of ego.
noster, -tra, -trum [ns], _our_.
ntus, -a, -um [part. of nsc, _come to know_], known, well-known,
famous_.
novem, indecl. adj., _nine_.
novits, -ttis [novus], f., _newness, novelty_.
novus, -a, -um, _new_; novissimus, _last_.
nox, noctis, f., _night_.
nbs, -is, f., _cloud_.
ndus, -a, -um, _naked, bare_.

nllus, -a, -um [ne-, _not_ + llus], _not any, none, no_.
num, adv., introducing a question to which a negative answer is expected,
untranslatable.
numerus, -, m., _number_.
nummus, -, m., _coin_.
numquam [ne-, _not_ + umquam, _ever_], adv., _never_.
nunc, adv., _now_.
nnti, -re, -v, -tus [nntius], _report, announce_.
nntius, - [novus], m., _messenger; message_.
nper [novus], adv., _newly, lately, recently_.
nsquam [ne-, _not_ + squam, _anywhere_], adv., _nowhere_.
nympha, -ae, f., _nymph_.
O
ob, prep. with acc., _on account of, for_; in compounds, _to, against_.
obici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [ob + iaci], _throw in the way_ or _to_.
ob-irg, -irgre, -irgv, -irgtus, _chide, scold, reproach_.
ob-lin, -linere, -lv, -litus, _daub over, smear_.
obltus, -a, -um [part. of oblvscor], _forgetful, unmindful_.
oblvscor, -lvsc, -ltus, _forget_.
obscr, -scrre, -scrv, -scrtus [obscrus], _darken, hide,
conceal_.
obscrus, -a, -um, _dark_.
obsecr, -secrre, -secrv, -secrtus, _beseech, entreat_.
ob-ser, -serere, -sv, -situs, _sow, plant; cover, fill_.
obside, -sidre, -sd, -sessus [ob + sede], _beset, besiege_.
ob-stru, -struere, -strx, -strctus, _build against, block up_.
ob-testor, -testr, -testtus, _call to witness; beseech, implore_.
obtine, -tinre, -tinu, -tentus [ob + tene], _hold_.
obviam [ob + via], adv., _in the way, opposite, face to face_; obviam
fier, _to meet_; obviam re, _to go to meet_.
occsi, -nis [occid, _fall_], f., _chance, opportunity_.
occsus, -s [occid, _fall_], m. _setting_.
occd, -cdere, -cd, -csus [ob + caed, _cut_], _cut down, kill_.
occup, -cupre, -cupv, -cuptus [ob + capi], _seize; fill_.
occurr, -currere, -curr, -cursus [ob + curr], _run against, meet_.
Oceanus, -, m., _Oceanus, the ocean_.
oculus, -, m., _eye_.
d, disse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of
tenses of incomplete action, _hate_.
odium, - [d], n., _hatred_.
odor, -ris, m., _smell, odor_.
Oechalia, -ae, f., _Oechalia_.
Oeneus, -, m., _Oeneus_.
Oeta, -ae, f., _Oeta_.
offend, -fendere, -fend, -fnsus, _offend_.
offer, offerre, obtul, obltus [ob + fer], _bear to, proffer, offer_.
officna, -ae, f., _workshop, smithy_.
officium, -, n., _service; duty_.
lim, adv., _once upon a time, once, formerly, of old_.
Olympus, -, m., _Olympus_.
omitt, -mittere, -ms, -missus [ob + mitt], _let go, neglect,
disregard, throw away, lose_.
omnn [omnis], adv., _altogether, wholly, entirely_.
omnis, -e, _all, every_.
oner, -re, -v, -tus [onus, _load_], _load, burden_.
opera, -ae [opus], f., _effort, work, labor_.
opni, -nis [opnor, _think_], f., _opinion, expectation; reputation_.
oppidum, -, n., _town_.

opportnus, -a, -um, _suitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune_.

opprim, -primere, -press, -pressus [ob + prem], _press against,
overpower, crush_.
optimus, -a, -um, superl. of bonus.
opus, operis, n., _work, task_.
rculum, - [r], n., _oracle_.
rti, -nis [r], f., _speech_; rtinem habre, _to deliver an
oration, speak_.
orbis, -is, m., _circle_; orbis terrae or terrrum, _circle of the earth_
or _lands, earth, world_.
Orcus, -, m., _Orcus, under-world_.
rd, rdinis, m., _arrangement, order, rank_; ex rdine, _in order_.
orior, -r, -tus, _arise, come forth, spring up_; ort lce, _at dawn_.
rn, -re, -v, -tus, _equip, adorn_.
r, -re, -v, -tus [s], _speak; beg, pray_.
Orpheus, -, m., _Orpheus_.
s, ris, n., _mouth_.
ostend, -tendere, -tend, -tentus [ob + tend], _stretch out before,
show, explain_.
stium, - [s], n., _mouth, doorway, door_.
ovis, -is, f., _sheep_.
P
pbulum, - [psc], n., _food, fodder_.
paene, adv., _almost, nearly_.
palaestra, -ae, f., _wrestling-place, gymnasium_.
plus, -, m., _stake_.
pals, -dis, f., _swamp, marsh_.
partus, -a, -um [part. of par], _prepared, equipped, ready_.
pre, -re, -u, _obey_.
par, -re, -v, -tus, _make ready, prepare_.
pars, partis, f., _part, side, direction_.
parvus, -a, -um, _little, small_.
psc, pscere, pv, pstus, _feed_.
passus, -s [pand, _stretch]_, m., pace_; mlia passuum, see mlle.
pstor, -tris [psc], m., _shepherd_.
patefaci, -facere, -fc, -factus [pate, _be open_ + faci], _throw_,
or _lay open, open_.
pater, patris, m., _father_.
patior, pat, passus, bear, _suffer, allow_.
patria, -ae [pater], f., _fatherland, country_.
pauc, -ae, -a, plur. adj., _few_.
paul [paulus, _little]_, adv., _by a little, a little, somewhat_.
paulum [paulus, _little_], adv., _a little, somewhat_.
pavor, -ris [paye, _be terrified_], m., _terror, panic_.
pectus, pectoris, n., _breast_.
pecnia, -ae [pecus], f., _money_ (the possession of cattle constituting
wealth in early times).
pecus, pecoris, n., _herd, flock, cattle_.
pecus, pecudis, f., _head of cattle, beast, sheep, goat_.
Pelis, -ae, m., _Pelias_.
pellis, -is, f., _hide, skin, pelt_.
pell, pellere, pepul, pulsus, _drive, drive away, beat, rout_.
pend, pendere, pepend, pnsus, _weigh out, pay_.
Pnelop, -s, f., _Penelope_.
per, prep, with ace., _through, by means of_.
percipi, -cipere, -cp, -ceptus [per + capi], _feel_.
percuti, -cutere, -cuss, -cussus [per + quati], _strike through,
strike_.

per-dc, -dcere, -dx, -ductus, _lead_ or _bring through, lead,

bring_.
peregrnus, -, m., _stranger, foreigner_.
perennis, -e [per + annus], _lasting throughout the year, perennial,
perpetual_.
per-e, -re, -ii, -itrus, _pass away, perish_.
per-fer, -ferre, -tul, -ltus, _bear through, bear, endure; weather_.
perfici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [per + faci], _do_ or _make through,
accomplish_.
per-fl, -flre, _blow through_ or _over_.
per-fodi, -fodere, -fd, -fossus, _dig_ or _pierce through, transfix_.
perculum, -, n., _danger, peril, risk_.
per-lstr, -lstrre, -lstrvi, -lstrtus, _look over, examine,
survey_.
per-mane, -manre, -mnsi, -mnsus, _remain_.
perpetuus, -a, -um [per + pet], _continuous, perpetual_; in perpetuum,
_for all time, forever_.
per-rump, -rumpere, -rp, -ruptus, _break_ or _burst through, break_.
per-scrb, -scrbere, -scrps, scrptus, _write through_ or _in full,
describe fully, recount_.
per-sequor, -sequ, -sectus, _follow up, pursue_.
Perseus, -, m., _Perseus_.
per-solv, -solvere, -solv, -soltus, _pay completely, pay_.
per-sude, -sudre, -susi, -susus, _persuade, prevail upon,
induce_.
per-terre, -terrre, -terrui, -territus, _thoroughly frighten, terrify_.
per-turb, -turbre, -turbvi, -turbtus, _greatly disturb, disturb,
agitate, throw into confusion_.
per-veni, -venre, -vn, -ventus, _come through, come, arrive, reach_.
ps, pedis, m., _foot_.
pet, -ere, -v or -i, -tus, _seek, ask; attack_.
Phsis, -idis, m., _Phasis_.
Phneus, -, m., _Phineus_.
Pholus, -, m., _Pholus_.
Phrixus, -, m., _Phrixus_.
pinguis, -e, _fat_.
pisctor, -tris [piscor, _fish_], m., _fisherman_.
plausus, -s [plaud, _clap_], m., _applause_.
plrs, -a [comp. of multus], plur. adj., _more, many, several_.
plrimus, -a, -um, superl. of multus.
Plt, -nis, m., _Pluto_.
pculum, - [pt, _drink_], n., _cup_.
poena, -ae, f., _penalty, punishment_.
pota, -ae, m., _poet_.
polliceor, -licr, -licitus, _promise_.
Polydects, -is, m., _Polydectes_.
Polyphmus, -, m., _Polyphemus_.
pmum, -, n., _fruit, apple_.
pondus, ponderis [pend], n., _weight_.
pn, pnere, posu, positus, _place, put_; pn with in and abl., _to be
placed in, rest_ or _depend on_.
pns, pontis, m., _bridge_.
porcus, -, m., _pig, hog, swine_.
porta, -ae, f., _gate; door_.
portus, -s, m., _harbor, haven, port_.
psc, pscere, popsc, _ask, demand_.
posside, -sidre, -sd, -sessus, _hold, possess_.
possum, posse, potu [potis, _able_ + sum], _be able, have power, can_.
post, adv., _after, later_; prep. with acc., _after, behind_.
poste [post], adv., _after this, afterwards_.

posterus, -a, -um [post], _following, next_.

post-quam, conj., _later than, after, when_.
postrmus, -a, -um [superl. of posterus], _last_.
postrdi [posterus + dis], adv., _the day after, the next day_.
postul, -re, -v, -tus, _ask, request, demand_.
potior, -r, -tus [potis, _able_], _become master of, get possession
of_.
prae-actus, -a, -um, _sharp at the end, pointed, sharp_.
praebe, -re, -u, -itus [prae, _before_ + habe], _hold forth, supply,
furnish, give; show, present, exhibit_.
prae-cave, -cavre, -cv, -cautus, _beware beforehand, beware, be on
one's guard_.
praecipi, -cipere, -cp, -ceptus [prae, _before_ + capi], _take
beforehand, anticipate; order, charge_.
praecipu [praecipuus, _especial_], adv., _especially_.
prae-clrus, -clra, -clrum, _very bright; splendid, remarkable,
famous_.
praeda, -ae, f., _booty, spoil, plunder_.
prae-dc, -dcere, -dx, -dictus, _say beforehand, foretell, predict_.
praedor, -r, -tus [praeda], _plunder_.
praemium, -, n., _reward_.
praesns, -sentis [part. of praesum], adj., _present, immediate,
imminent_.
praesentia, -ae [praesns], f., _the present_.
praeses, praesidis, m., _protector_.
praesidium, - [praeses], n., _protection; guard, escort_.
praestns, -stantis [part. of praest], adj., _preminent, remarkable_.
prae-st, -stre, -stit, -stitus, _stand in front; show_.
prae-sum, -esse, -fu, _be before, preside over, have charge of,
command_.
praeter [prae, _before_], prep. with acc., _before, past, by; besides,
except_.
praetere [praeter], adv., _besides this, besides, moreover_.
praeter-e, -re, -i, -itus, _pass by_.
precs, -um, f. plur., _prayer, entreaty_.
prehend, -hendere, -hend, -hnsus, _seize_.
prem, premere, press, pressus, _press, check, restrain_.
pretium, -, n., _price, charge_.
prm [prmus], adv., _at first_.
prmum [prmus], adv., _first, in the first place_.
prmus, -a, -um [superl. from pr], _first, foremost_.
prstinus, -a, -um [prius], _former_.
prius [prior, _former_], adv., _before, first_.
prius-quam, conj., _before than, sooner than, before_.
pr, prep. with abl., _before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as;
in return for, for_.
procul, adv., _at_ or _from a distance, far_.
proelium, -, n., _battle, combat_; proelium committere, _to join
battle_.
profecti, -nis [proficscor], f., _departure, start_.
proficscor, -ficsc, -fectus [prfici, _make progress_], set out,
depart, start, march_.
prgredior, -gred, -gressus [pr + gradior], _go forward, advance_.
prohibe, -hibre, -hibu, -hibitus [pr + habe], _hold back, prevent,
hinder_.
prici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [pr + iaci], _throw forth_ or _down,
cast away, throw_.
pr-mitt, -mittere, -ms, -missus, _send_ or _put forth, promise_.
prm, prmere, prmps, prmptus [pr + em], _take_ or _bring out,
produce_.

prmunturium, -, n., _headland, promontory_.

proper, -re, -v, -tus, _hasten_.
pr-pn, -pnere, -posu, -positus, _put_ or _set before, offer,
propose; set forth, say_.
propter, prep. with acc., _on account of, because of_.
prra, -ae, f., _prow, bow_.
pr-sequor, -sequ, -sectus, _follow forward, follow_.
Prserpina, -ae, f., _Proserpina, Proserpine_.
pr-stern, -sternere, -strv, -strtus, _strew_ or _spread before,
throw_ or _knock down_.
pr-sum, prdesse, prfu, _be of advantage, profit, avail, assist_.
pr-veh, -vehere, -vex, -vectus, _carry forward_.
pr-voc, -vocre, -vocv, -voctus, _call forth_ or _out, challenge_.
proximus, -a, -um [superl. from prope, _near_], _nearest, next_.
prdentia, -ae [prdns, _prudent_], f., _prudence_.
puella, -ae [puer], f., _girl, maiden_.
puer, puer, m., _boy_.
pueritia, -ae [puer], f., _boyhood_.
pgna, -ae, f., _fighting, battle, combat_.
pgn, -re, -v, -tus [pgna], _fight_.
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum, _beautiful_.
puls, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of pell], _push_ or _strike against,
knock, knock at_.
punctum, - [pung, _prick_], n., _point, instant, moment_.
prg, -re, -v, -tus [prus, _clean_ + ag], _make clean, clean,
cleanse_.
put, -re, -v, -tus, _think_.
Pthia, -ae, f., _Pythia_.
Q
qu [qu], adv., _in which place, where_.
quaer, quaerere, quaesv, quaestus, _seek; ask, inquire_.
qulis, -e, _of what sort? what kind of_?
quam [quis and qu], adv., _how? as; than_; with superl., _as ... as
possible_.
quam-quam, conj., _however much, although_.
quantum [quantus], adv., _how much? how_?
quantus, -a, -um, _how great_ or _much_?
quartus, -a, -um [quattuor], _fourth_.
quasi [qu + s], conj., _as if_.
quattuor, indecl. adj., _four_.
-que, enclitic conj., _and_.
qu, quae, quod, rel. pron., _who, which_.
qu, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj., _what_?
qudam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron., _a certain, certain_.
quidem, adv., _in fact, indeed, certainly_; n ... quidem, _not ...
even_.
quis, quitis, f., _rest, repose_.
qun, conj., _so that ... not, but that, but_.
qunqugint [qunque, _five_], indecl. adj., _fifty_.
quntus, -a, -um [qunque, _five_], _fifth_.
quis, quid, interrog. pron., _who? which? what_?
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron., _any one, anybody, anything, some one,
somebody, something_.
quis-nam, quaenam, quidnam, interrog. pron., _who, which_, or _what,
pray? who? which? what_?
quis-quam, quicquam, indef. pron., _any one, anything_.
quis-que, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron., _each_.
qu [quis and qu], adv., _to what place? whither? to which place,

whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore_; qu sque, _till

when? how long_?
quod [qu], conj., _that, in that, because_.
quoniam [cum + iam], conj., _since now, since_.
quoque [qu + -que], adv., _also_.
quotanns [quot, _how many_ + annus], adv., _every year, yearly,
annually_.
quotins [quot, _how many_, adv., _as often as_.
R
rmus, -, m., _branch, bough_.
rapi, -ere, -u, -tus, _seize, snatch_.
rati, -nis [reor, _think_], f., plan, means, method, manner_.
recipi, -cipere, -cp, -ceptus [re- + capi], _take_ or _get back,
recover_; s recipere, _to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect
oneself, recover_.
re-cre, -crere, -crev, -cretus, _make anew, renew, refresh_.
rctus, -a, -um [part. of reg, _direct_], _direct, straight_.
re-cumb, -cumbere, -cubu, _lie back_ or _down_.
recuper, -re, -v, -tus, _recover_.
recs, -csre, -csv, -cstus [re- + causa], _give a reason against,
refuse_.
redd, -dere, -did, -ditus [re- + d], _give back, return, restore;
render_.
rede, -re, -i, -itus [re- + e], _go back, return_.
redintegr, -integrre, -integrv, -integrtus [re- + integr, _make
whole_], _make whole again, renew_.
reditus, -s [rede], m., _return_.
re-dc, -dcere, -dx, -ductus, _lead_ or _bring back; restore_.
re-fer, referre, rettul, reltus, _bring_ or _carry back, return_;
pedem referre, _to draw back, retire, retreat_; grtiam referre,
see grtia.
refici, -ficere, -fc, -fectus [re- + faci], _make anew, renew,
repair_.
re-fugi, -fugere, -fg, _flee back, run away, retreat_.
re-fulge, -fulgre, -fuls, _flash back, shine_.
rgia, -ae [rgius, _royal_], f., _palace_.
rgna, -ae [rx], f., _queen_.
regi, -nis [reg, _direct_], f., _direction; country, region_.
rgn, -re, -v, -tus [rgnum], _reign, rule_.
rgnum, - [rx], n., _royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm_.
regredior, -gred, -gressus [re- + gradior], _go back, return_.
re-linqu, -linquere, -lqu, -lictus, _leave behind, leave_.
reliquus, -a, -um [relinqu], _left, the remaining, the other, the rest
of_.
remedium, - [re- + medeor, _heal_], n., _remedy_.
rmig, -re [rmex, _rower_], _row_.
re-move, -movre, -mv, -mtus, _move back, remove_.
rmus, -, m., _oar_.
re-nnti, -nntire, -nntiv, -nntitus, _bring back word, report,
announce_.
re-pell, repellere, reppul, repulsus, _drive back_ or _away, repulse,
repel_.
reperi, reperre, repper, repertus, _find, discover_.
repertor, -ris [reperi], m., _discoverer, inventor_.
re-ple, -plre, -plv, -pltus, _fill again_ or _up, fill_.
re-pn, -pnere, -posu, -positus, _put_ or _set back; store up_ or
_away_.
re-port, -portre, -portv, -porttus, _carry_ or _bring back_.

re-pgn, -pgnre, -pgnv, -pgntus, _fight against, struggle,

resist_.
rs, re, f., _thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation_; r vr,
_in truth, in fact, really_.
re-sist, -sistere, -stit, _stand back, resist_.
re-spr, -sprre, -sprv, -sprtus, _breathe back_ or _out,
breathe_.
re-sponde, -spondre, -spond, -spnsus, _reply, answer_.
respnsum, - [part. of responde], n., _reply, answer, response_.
restitu, -stituere, -stitu, -stittus [re- + statu], _set up again,
put back, restore_.
retine, -tinre, -tinu, -tentus [re- + tene], _hold_ or _keep back,
keep, restrain; hold fast_.
revertor, -vert, -versus, perf. act. -vert [re- + vert], _turn back,
return_.
rx, rgis [reg, _direct_], m., _king_.
Rhadamanthus, -, m., _Rhadamanthus_.
rde, rdre, rs, rsus, _laugh_.
rpa, -ae, f., _bank_.
rte [rtus, _rite]_, adv., _duly, fitly_.
rbur, rboris, n., _oak_.
rog, -re, -v, -tus, _ask_.
rogus, -, m., _funeral pile, pyre_.
Rma, -ae, f., _Rome_.
rstrum, - [rd, _gnaw_], n., _beak_.
ru, -ere, -, -itrus, _rush_.
rps, -is, f., _rock, cliff; reef_.
rrsus [for reversus, part, of revertor], adv., _again_.
S
saccus, -, m., _bag, sack_.
sacerds, -dtis [sacer, _holy_ + d], m. and f., _priest, priestess_.
sacrificium, - [sacrifice], n., _sacrifice_.
sacrific, -re, -v, -tus [sacer, _holy_ + faci], _sacrifice_.
saepe, adv., _often, frequently_.
saevus, -a, -um, _fierce, savage_.
sagitta, -ae, f., _arrow_.
sl, salis, m., _salt_.
Salmydssus, -, m., _Salmydessus_.
salsus, -a, -um [sl], _salted, salt_.
sals, saltis [salvus, _safe_], f., _safety, deliverance, escape_.
snctus, -a, -um [part, of sanci, _make sacred_], _consecrated, sacred_.
sanguis, sanguinis, m., _blood_.
snits, -ttis [snus, _sound_], f., _soundness; right reason, sanity_.
satis, adv., _enough, sufficiently_.
saxum, -, n., _rock, stone_.
scapha, -ae, f., _boat, skiff_.
scelus, sceleris, n., _wickedness, crime_.
scientia, -ae [sci], f., _knowledge, skill_.
sci, -re, -v, -tus, _know_.
scrb, scrbere, scrps, scrptus, _write_.
sctum, -, n., _shield_.
s-cd, -cdere, -cess, -cessus, _go apart, withdraw_.
secundus, -a, -um [sequor], _following, favorable_.
sed, conj., _but_.
sede, sedre, sd, sessus, _sit_.
sds, -is [sede], f., _seat, abode_.
smentis, -is [semen, _seed_], f., _seeding, sowing_.
semper, adv., _always_.

senex, senis, m., _old man_.

sententia, -ae [senti], f., _opinion; purpose_.
senti, sentre, sns, snsus, _perceive, feel_.
sepeli, sepelre, sepelv, sepultus, _bury_.
septimus, -a, -um [septem, _seven_],_seventh_.
sepultra, -ae [sepeli], f., _burial_.
sequor, sequ, sectus, _follow_.
Serphus, -, f., _Seriphos_.
serm, -nis [ser, _interweave_], m., _conversation, talk, speech_.
ser, serere, sv, satus, _sow, plant_.
serpns, -entis [part, of serp, _crawl_], f., _serpent_.
servi, -ire, -v, -tus [servus], _be subject to, serve_.
servits, -ttis [servus], f., _slavery, servitude_.
serv, -re, -v, -tus, _save, preserve_.
servus, -, m., _slave, servant_.
s, conj., _if_.
sc, adv., _so, thus_.
Sicilia, -ae, f., _Sicily_.
sgnum, -, n., _sign, signal_.
silva, -ae, f., _wood, forest_.
simul, adv., _at the same time_; simul atque or ac, _as soon as_.
sine, prep. with abl., _without_.
sinister, -tra, -trum, _left_.
sinistra, -ae [sinister], f., _left hand_ (manus understood).
sinus, -s, m., _bosom, lap_.
situs, -a, -um [part. of sin], _placed, situated_.
s-ve or seu, conj., _or if_; sve ... sve, _whether ... or_.
socius, - [sequor], m., _companion, comrade, ally_.
sl, slis, m., _sun_.
solium, - [sede], n., _seat, throne_.
sollicitd, -tdinis [sollicitus], f., _anxiety, care, apprehension_.
sollicitus, -a, -um, _troubled, anxious_.
slus, -a, -um, _alone_.
solv, solvere, solv, soltus, _loosen, unbind, release; pay_; with or
without nvem, _cast off, set sail, put to sea_.
somnus, -, m., _sleep, drowsiness_.
sonitus, -s [son, _sound_], m. _sound, noise_.
sonrus, -a, -um [son, _sound_], _sounding, loud, noisy_.
soror, -ris, f., _sister_.
sors, sortis, f., _lot_.
sortior, -r, -tus [sors], _cast_ or _draw lots_.
sparg, spargere, spars, sparsus, _scatter, sprinkle_.
spatium, -, n., _space, interval; space of time, time_.
specis, - [speci, _look_], f., _sight, appearance, shape_.
specttor, -ris [spect], m., _looker-on, spectator_.
spect, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of speci, _look_], _look at_ or _on_.
speculum, - [speci, _look_], n., _looking-glass, mirror_.
splunca, -ae, f., _cave, cavern_.
spern, spernere, sprv, sprtus, _despise, scorn_.
spr, -re, -v, -tus [sps], _hope_.
sps, spe, f., _hope_.
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by me, tu, su, _of one's own accord,
voluntarily_.
squlor, -ris [squle, _be dirty_], m., _dirt, filth_.
stabulum, - [st], n., _standing-place, stall, stable, inclosure_.
statim [st], adv., _on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately_.
statu, statuere, statu, stattus [st], _cause to stand; decide,
resolve_.
stpendium, -, n., _tax, tribute_.
st, stre, stet, status, _stand_.

string, stringere, strinx, strictus, _draw, unsheathe_.

stude, -re, -u, _be eager, give attention, apply oneself_.
studisus, -a, -um [studium], _eager, diligent, studious_.
studium, - [stude], n., _eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit_.
stupe, -re, -u, _be stunned, astounded_, or _amazed_.
Stymphlus, -, m., _Stymphalus_.
Stymphlis, -idis [Stymphlus], adj., _of Stymphalus, Stymphalian_.
Styx, Stygis, f., _Styx_.
suvis, -e, _sweet, pleasant_.
sub, prep. with acc. and abl., _under_; sub vesperum, _towards evening_.
sub-d, -dere, -did, -ditus, _put under, apply_.
sub-dc, -dcere, -dx, -ductus, _draw up, beach_.
sub-e, -re, -i, -itus, _go under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear,
endure_.
subici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [sub + iaci], _throw_ or _place under_.
subit [subitus, _unexpected_], adv., _unexpectedly, suddenly_.
sub-lev, -levre, -levv, -levtus, _lift from beneath, lift, raise_.
sub-merg, -mergere, -mers, -mersus, _plunge under, sink, overwhelm_.
subsidium, - [sub + sede], n., _reserve, reinforcement, support, help_.
succd, -cdere, -cess, -cessus [sub + cd], _go_ or _come under,
follow after, succeed_.
succend, -cendere, -cend, -cnsus, _kindle beneath, set on fire_.
succd, -cdere, -cd, -csus [sub + caed], _cut below_ or _down_.
scus, -, m., _juice_.
su, sibi, s or ss, reflexive pron., _himself, herself, itself,
themselves_.
sum, esse, fu, futrus, _be_.
summus, -a, -um [superl. of superus, _upper_], _uppermost, highest,
greatest_.
sm, smere, smps, smptus [sub + em], _take under_ or _up, take_;
poenam smere, _to exact_ or _inflict punishment_.
superior, -ius [comp. of superus, _upper_], adj., _higher; former,
previous, preceding_.
super, -re, -v, -tus [superus, _upper_], _overcome, defeat,
conquer_.
super-sum, -esse, -fu, _be over_ or _left, remain_.
supplicium, - [supplex, _kneeling_], n., _punishment, torture_.
suppn, -pnere, -posu, -positus [sub + pn], _place_ or _put under_.
supr [superus, _upper_], adv. and prep. with acc., _above, before_.
suprmus, -a, -um [superl. of superus, _upper_], _highest, last_.
suscipi, -cipere, -cp, -ceptus [sub + capi], _undertake_.
suspend, -pendere, -pend, -pnsus [sub + pend], _hang up, hang_.
suspci, -nis [suspici, _look askance at_], f., _suspicion_.
suspicor, -spicr, -spictus [suspici, _look askance at_], _suspect_.
sustine, -tinre, -tinu, -tentus [sub + tene], _hold_ or _bear up,
sustain, withstand_.
suus, -a, -um [su], _his, her, its_, or _their own; his, her, its,
their_.
Symplgads, -um, f. plur., _the Symplegades_.
T
tace, -re, -u, -itus, _be silent_.
tacitus, -a, -um [part. of tace], _silent_.
Taenarus, -, m., _Taenarus_.
tlria, -ium [tlus, _ankle_], n. plur., _winged shoes_.
tlis, -e, _such_.
tam, adv., _so_.
tamen, adv., _however, yet, nevertheless_.
tandem, adv., _at length_ or _last, finally_.

tang, tangere, tetig, tctus, _touch_.

tantum [tantus], adv., _so much_ or _far, only_.
tantus, -a, -um, _so great_ or _much_.
Tartarus, -, m., _Tartarus_.
taurus, -, m., _bull_.
teg, tegere, tx, tctus, _cover_.
tlum, -, n., _missile, spear, weapon_.
temer, adv., _rashly_.
tempests, -ttis [tempus], f., _weather; storm, tempest_.
templum, -, n., _sanctuary, temple_.
tempt, -re, -v, -tus, _try, attempt_.
tempus, temporis, n., _time, season_.
tene, -re, -u, -tus, _hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop_.
tenuis, -e, _thin_.
tergum, -, n., _back_.
terra, -ae, f., _land, earth_.
terre, -re, -u, -itus, _frighten, terrify_.
terribilis, -e [terre], _dreadful, terrible_.
terror, -ris [terre], m., _terror, fright_.
tertium [tertius], adv., _the_ or _a third time_.
tertius, -a, -um [trs], _third_.
tex, -ere, -u, -tus, _weave_.
Thbae, -rum, f. plur., _Thebes_.
Thbn, -rum [Thbae], m. plur., _Thebans_.
Thermdn, -ontis, m., _Thermodon_.
Thseus, -, m., _Theseus_.
Thessalia, -ae, f., _Thessaly_.
Thrcia, -ae, f., _Thrace_.
Tiberis, -is, m., _Tiber_.
time, -re, -u, _fear_.
timor, -ris [time], m., _fear_.
ting, tingere, tinx, tinctus, _wet, soak, dye_.
Tryns, Trynthis, f., _Tiryns_.
toll, tollere, sustul, subltus, _lift, raise; take away, remove_;
ancors tollere, _to weigh anchor_.
torque, torqure, tors, tortus, _turn_.
ttus, -a, -um, _all the, the whole_ or _entire_.
trct, -re, -v, -tus [freq. of trah], _handle, touch, feel_.
trd, -dere, -did, -ditus [trans + do], _give across, over_, or _up,
deliver; hand down, relate, report_.
trdc, -dcere, -dx, -ductus [trns + dc], _lead across_.
trah, trahere, trx, trctus, _draw, drag_.
trici, -icere, -ic, -iectus [trns + iaci], _throw across, strike
through, pierce_.
triectus, -s [trici], m., _crossing over, passage_.
trn, -nre, -nv [trns + n, _swim_], _swim across_ or _over_.
tranquillits, -ttis [tranquillus], f., _calm_.
tranquillus, -a, -um, _calm_.
trns, prep. with acc., _across, over_.
trns-e, -re, -i, -itus, _go across_ or _over, cross_.
trns-fg, -fgere, -fx, -fxus, _thrust_ or _pierce through,
transfix_.
trns-port, -portre, -portv, -porttus, _carry across_ or _over,
transport_.
trns-veh, -vehere, -vex, -vectus, _carry across_ or _over_.
trs, tria, plur. adj., _three_.
tribtum, - [part. of tribu, _contribute_], n., _contribution,
tribute_.
trstitia, -ae [trstis, _sad_], f., _sadness_.
Tria, -ae, f., _Troy_.

Trin, -rum [Tria], m. plur., _Trojans_.

t, tu, pers. pron., _thou, you_.
tum, adv., _then, at that time_.
turb, -re, -v, -tus [turba, _confusion_], _confuse, throw into
disorder, disturb, trouble_.
turb, turbinis [turb], m., _whirlwind, hurricane_.
turpis, -e, _disgraceful_.
ttus, -a, -um [part. of tueor, _watch over_], _safe_.
tuus, -a, -um [t], _thy, thine, your_.
U
ubi, adv., _where_; conj., _when_.
ulcscor, ulcsc, ultus, _avenge_.
llus, -a, -um, _any_.
lterior, -ius [comp. from ltr, _beyond_], adj., _farther_.
Ulixs, -is, m., _Ulysses_.
umbra, -ae, f., _shadow, shade_.
umerus, -, m., _shoulder_.
umquam, adv., _ever_.
unda, -ae, f., _wave_.
unde, adv., _whence_.
ndecimus, -a, -um [ndecim, _eleven_], _eleventh_.
undique [unde + -que], adv., _from_ or _on all sides_.
ung, ungere, nx, nctus, _smear, anoint_.
unguentum, - [ung], n., _ointment_.
niversus, -a, -um [nus + vert], _all together, whole, entire, all_.
nus, -a, -um, _one; only, alone_.
urbs, urbis, f., _city_.
r, rere, ss, stus, _burn_.
sque, adv., _all the time_; sque ad, _as far as, until_; qu sque,
see qu.
sus, -s [tor], m., _use; experience_.
ut, conj., _as; when; that_; ita ut, _as_.
uter, utra, utrum, _which_? of two.
ter, tris, m., _wine-skin_.
uter-que, utraque, utrumque, _each, either, both_.
tor, t, sus, _use_.
utrimque [uterque], adv., _on either side_ or _both sides_.
uxor, -ris, f., _wife_.
V
vacuus, -a, -um [vac, _be empty_], _empty_.
vale, -re, -u, -itrus, _be strong_ or _effectual, have effect,
prevail_.
validus, -a, -um [vale], _strong_.
vallis, -is, f., _valley_.
varius, -a, -um, _various_.
vs, vsis, n., plur. vsa, -rum, _vessel_.
vst, -re, -v, -tus [vstus], _lay waste_.
vstus, -a, -um, _waste, huge, enormous, vast_.
vehementer [vehemns, _violent_], adv., _violently, vehemently;
earnestly; exceedingly, greatly_.
veh, vehere, vex, vectus, _carry_.
vellus, velleris, n., _fleece_.
vl, -re, -v, -tus [vlum, _veil_], _veil, cover_.
vel-ut, _even_ or _just as, as_.
vnti, -nis [vnor, _hunt_], f., _hunting_.
vennum, -, n., _poison_.

veni, venre, vn, ventus, _come_.

venter, ventris, m., _belly_.
ventus, -, m., _wind_.
verbum, -, n., _word_.
vereor, -r, -itus, _fear_.
vr [vrus], adv., _in truth, indeed; however_.
versor, -r, -tus [freq. of vert], _keep turning, be busy_ or
_employed, be_.
vert, vertere, vert, versus, _turn_.
vrus, -a, -um, _true_; r vr, _in truth, in fact_.
vscor, -, _feed on, eat_.
vesper, vesper, m., _evening_.
vester, -tra, -trum [vs], _your_.
vestgium, - [vestg, _track_], n., _track, foot-print_.
vestis, -is, f., _clothing, dress, robe_.
vesttus, -s [vesti, _clothe_], m., _clothing_.
via, -ae, f., _road, way_.
vitor, -tris [via], m., _wayfarer, traveler_.
victima, -ae [vinc, _overcome_], f., _victim_.
victria, -ae [vinc, _overcome_], f., _victory_.
vctus, -s [vv], m., _sustenance, food_.
vcus, -, m., _village_.
vide, vidre, vd, vsus, _see; _ pass., _seem_.
vigilia, -ae [vigil, _awake_], f., _watch_.
vgint, indecl. adj., _twenty_.
vlla, -ae, f., _country-house, villa_.
vmen, -minis, n., _osier_.
vinci, vincre, vinx, vinctus, _bind_.
vinculum, - [vinci], n., _bond, chain_.
vnum, -, n., _wine_.
vir, vir, m., _man_.
virg, virginis, f., _maiden_.
virts, -ttis [vir], f., _manliness, courage, bravery_.
vs, vs, f., _violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy_; plur. vrs,
-ium, _strength_; omnibus vribus, _with all one's strength, with
might and main_.
vsus, -s [vide], m., _sight_.
vta, -ae [vv], f., _life_.
vt, -re, -v, -tus, _avoid, escape_.
vv, vvere, vx, vctus, _live_.
vvus, -a, -um [vv], _alive, living_.
vix, adv., _with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely_.
voc, -re, -v, -tus [vx], _call, summon_.
Volcnus, -, m., _Vulcan_.
vol, -re, -v, -trus, _fly_.
vol, velle, volu, _wish_.
volucris, -is [vol], f., _bird_.
volunts, -ttis [vol], f., _wish, will_.
volupts, -ttis [vol], f., _pleasure_.
vs, plur. of t.
vor, -re, -v, -tus, _swallow whole, devour_.
vx, vcis, f., _voice; word_.
vulner, -re, -v, -tus [vulnus], _wound_.
vulnus, vulneris, n., _wound_.
Z
Zephyrus, -, m., _Zephyrus, the west wind_.
Zts, -ae, m., _Zetes_.

END OF VOL. I

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