Regulations Pipelines & Subsea: 10. Mars 2009 Olav Fyrileiv - DNV Anders Husby - DNV

Regulations Pipelines &
Subsea
10. Mars 2009
Olav Fyrileiv - DNV
Anders Husby - DNV
Objectives of Presentation
Governing requirements in a project development
How have authorities organised the regulations?
DNV codes for pipelines overview & safety format
Regulations for subsea
Pipeline Technology Basic Course
04 March 2009
Slide 2
Governing requirements in a project
Authorities
Auth.
Rules & Reg.
Project
Design premise
Operator
Functional and
Technical Req's
Operation &
Maint. Req's
Selected standards (ISO, Norsok, DNV,

API, ASME etc.)
Standards
Frame agreement specifications
04 March 2009
Slide 3
Authority control
How have authorities organised the regulations?
04 March 2009
Slide 4
Prescriptive req.
ation
Certific
Detailed requirements
Goal setting req.
Authority control
$10 Loads, load effects and

resistance
To $10 Loads, load effects and
Loads that may affect
resistance
installations or parts thereof,
To satisfy the requirements to loads, load
shall be quantified.
effects, resistance and combinations of loads on
Petroleumsloven
the pipeline system
the following standards
should be used: ISO 13623 section 6 and DNV
Frame
OS-F101 section
3, 4 and 5 for rigid pipelines,
Regulation
Supplementary
Petroleumregulations
tilsynet
Guidelines
DNV
-OSS
DNV-OS
API
Installation regulation
Guideline
DNV-RP
04 March 2009
Slide 5
ation
Certific
Prescriptive req.
Petroleumsloven
Detailed requirements
Goal setting req.
ISO How detailed are these?
Petroleums
tilsynet
23
6
3
1
DNV
-OSS
DNV-OS
API
3183
ISO
DNV-RP
04 March 2009
Slide 6
Conditions for development of codes
ISO
- Developed by committees
- Rely on knowledge and resources of the individual committee members
- Tries to achieve consensus
DNV
- DNV-OS-F101 is based on Joint Industry Projects with the resources to perform work
- DNV is dependent on good relations with the industry and send all offshore codes on
external hearings. As a result, the offshore codes are updated prior to final issue.
Enables DNV to respond more promptly to industry needs.
04 March 2009
Slide 7
ss
Cla
Cert.
Offshore Service
Specification
DNV-OSS
Shelf Compl.
DNV Offshore Codes
s
iser
Structures
&R
ity
es
elin
Pi p
ties
Qu
al
l Facili
Specia
Recommended
Practices
DNV-RP
Systems
Offshore Standard
DNV-OS
&S
afe
ty
Mate
rials
Tech
nol
ogy
ABC DE
RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
RP-F102
PIPELINE FIELD JOINT COATING RP-F103
AND FIELD REPAIR OF
CATHODIC PROTECTION
LINEPIPE EXTERNAL COATING
OF SUBMARINE PIPELINES
BY GALVANIC ANODES
RP-F203
COUPLED ANALYSES
RP-F204
RP-F205
RISER FATIGUE
RISER COLLISION
DET NORSKE VERITAS
DET NORSKE VERITAS
RECOMM ENDED PRA CTICE
RP-F10X
RP-F1XX
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF
ECOMMENDED P RACTICE
On BottomRStability
HIGH PRESSURE/HIGH TEMPERATURE
of pipelines RP-F1XX
PIPELINES
ECOMMENDED P RACTICE
On Bottom RStability
Installation
calculation
RP-F1XX
Procedures
of pipelines
of pipelines
On Bottom Stability
Interference
between
Trawl gear
of pipelines
and pipelines
DET NORSKE VERITAS

DET NORSKE VERITAS
D ET N ORSKE VERIT AS
DET NORSKE VERITAS
DET NORSKE VERITAS
DET NORSKEVERITAS
DET NORSKEVERITAS
04 March 2009
Slide 8
Offshore Service Specification (OSS)
Scope of work for certification and

verification
Involvement in three degrees (low,

normal or high)
04 March 2009
Slide 9
Offshore Standard (OS)
Enables the operators to reduce

CAPEX while maintaining integrity
Technical requirements
- No references to DNV
Harmonised with ISO

- ISO 13623 Pipeline Transportation
Systems
- ISO 3183 Linepipe
Limit state based design criteria
Calibrated safety factors
04 March 2009
Slide 10
RP for pipeline applications

1995
2000
2005
2010
RP-F101 Corroded pipelines

RP-F102 FJC
RP-F103 CP design
RP-F104 Mechanical couplings
RP-F105 Free spans
JIP
RP-F106 External coating
1st rev.
RP-F107 Protection
JIP
RPF-108 Reeling
2nd rev.
RP-F109 On bottom stab.
JIP
RP-F110 Global buckling
3rd. Rev.
RP-F111 Trawling
Superseeded
RP-F112 HISC
RP-F113 Repair
Laying criteria
04 March 2009
Slide 11
What do you think?
What shall be the premises for designing a structure from structural point
of view?
04 March 2009
Slide 12
Safety Philosophy
04 March 2009
Slide 13
Safety philosophy
But some buildings are design for the unlikely event of aeroplane
impacts!
The design shall also consider

the consequence!
04 March 2009
Slide 14
Safety philosophy
Criteria for modern design
A pipeline shall be designed considering the likelihood of loads and

consequence of failure!
04 March 2009
Slide 15
Safety philosophy
Risk is a combination of
- Probability of failure
- Consequence of failure
Risk/Safety
R~PC
04 March 2009
Slide 16
Safety Philosophy
A pipeline shall be designed considering the likelihood of loads and

consequence of failure!
The pipeline shall be designed so that the risk is acceptable!
04 March 2009
Slide 17
What do you think?
What is acceptable risk?
04 March 2009
Slide 18
Consequences
The consequences are normally divided into

- Human
- Environmental
- Economical
For pipelines, this can normally be expressed in terms of:

- Content (Environment)
- Location class (Human)
The consequences are divided into Safety Classes,
Hence, the safety class depend on

- Content
- Location
04 March 2009
Slide 19
Safety Class selection - Normal case

WaterOther
and air
Phase
Fluid Category
A and C
Installation
Location
Class
1
2
Temporary
Low
Low
Operational
Low
Medium
Medium
High
Off-platform
zone
Fluid Category
B, D and E
Location Class
1
2
(Normal)
(Normal)
Off-platform
Near-platform
Near-platform
zone
zone
zone
04 March 2009
Slide 20
Target safety levels
603 As far as possible, nominal target failure probability levels shall be calibrated
against identical or similar pipeline designs that are known to have adequate
safety on the basis of this standard. If this is not feasible, the nominal target failure
probability level shall be based on the failure type and safety class as given in
Table 2-5.
04 March 2009
Slide 21
Design philosophy of DNV-OS-F101

Shall be established, planned
and implemented
Safety
Objective
No single failure shall lead to life threatening

situations or unacceptable damage to facilities
or the environment.
Quantitative Risk Analysis
Systematic
Review (QRA)
Safety Class
Methodology
Human errors shall be controlled by

requirements for organization of the work
competence, verification and quality
assurance.
ISO 9000 gives guidance on the selection
and use of quality systems.
Quality
Assurance
Safety Class depends on fluid, location and phase of project.

Partial Safety Factor methodology means that factored design
loads do not exceed factored design resistance for any of the
considered failure modes. The factors are related to limit states and
calibrated for the different safety classes.
04 March 2009
Slide 22
Preferred Code specific Code
Which is the best code to use?

-
The one that gives thinnest wall?

The one that gives thickest wall?
1.
The one that ensures a minimum acceptable safety level
2.
Given the above, the one that gives the lowest life cycle cost!
This implies that it may vary from project to project and based on
previous experience!
04 March 2009
Slide 23
Preferred Code specific Code
Which codes ensures a minimum acceptable safety level?
1.
Traditional codes on standard applications provides an acceptable

safety level
2.
On new applications, e.g. new concepts, High Pressure/High

Temperature pipelines, ultra deep water etc, limit state based codes with
calibrated safety factors are required to ensure acceptable safety level.
Other codes provide unknown safety level.
04 March 2009
Slide 24
Example: Fatigue Calculation Free Span

ni
Ni
Damage accumulation by Miner-Palmgren:
D fat =
Number of stress cycles:
n i = P()f v T
Number of cycles to failure by SN curve:
N i = a Si m
1000
Stress Range, S
(a1;m1)
100
SSW
(a2;m2)
10
NSW
1
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1.E+06
1.E+07
No of cycles, N
1.E+08
04 March 2009
1.E+09
1.E+10
Slide 25
Link to RP-C203 : Fatigue Strength
Steel SMYS < 700/500 MPa
C-Mn, Duplex, Super Duplex, austenitic

(downgrade)
Crack growth at girth welds
Environment at crack initiation

- In air
- Seawater w/cathodic protection
- Seawater (free corrosion)
Stress concentration factors due to

misalignment accounted for in some
curves
Extreme outer fibre stresses
04 March 2009
Slide 26
Example: Fatigue Safety factors

DNV OS-F101:
Table 5-9
Allowable damage ratio for fatigue
Safety Class
Low
1/3
fat
Normal
1/5
High
1/10
RP-F105:
Table 1 General safety factors for fatigue
Safety factors on main sources

of uncertainty
Safety Factor
k
s
Consistent link between models

and safety factors
on, IL
on, CF
Similar safety level on average

More uniform safety level for different
cases
On average equal to DNV OS-F101
Safety Class
Normal
0.5
1.15
1.3
1.1
1.2
High
0.25
1.30
Table 2 Safety factor for natural frequencies, f

Free span type
Very Well def.
Well def.
Not Well def.
Low
1.0
1.0
04 March 2009
Low
1.0
1.05
1.1
Safety Class
Normal
1.0
1.1
1.2
High
1.0
1.15
1.3
Slide 27
Rules for design Subsea Production Systems

10.03.2009
Anders E. Husby
Subsea, DNV Energy
Rules for design - a brief introduction
Kristin Template & Manifold
04 March 2009
Slide 29
Subsea Production System - Structures

Structures for Subsea Production Systems:
Templates
Cluster Manifolds
PLEMs
PLETs
Riser Bases
Subsea Distribution Units
. and more.
Rules for Design relating to:

Structural Design
Installation
Marine Operations
Piping Design
04 March 2009
Slide 30
Rules for design Codes and Standards

The following standards are a selection normally used for
template/manifold design. The code requirements will vary with
customer preference and legislation
ISO 13628-1
ASME B31.3
Steel structure: NS 3472
ASME B31.8
NORSOK N-001
DNV-OS-F101
NORSOK U-001
DNV Rules for planning and

Execution of Marine Operations
New Standard proposed: ISO

13628-15 Structures and
Manifolds currently based on
API 17P
How are these tied together ??
04 March 2009
Slide 31
PTIL requirements
Innretningsforskriften
04 March 2009
Slide 32
Rules for design Steel Structures
Hierarchy (Norwegian Sector)
PTIL
.
NORSOK U-001,
ISO 13628-1
ISO 13628-15,
ISO 19900
NORSOK N-001
Selected standards, NS 3472, API RP 2A-WSD
Frame agreement specifications
04 March 2009
Slide 33
Rules for design Steel Structures
ISO 13628-1 / NORSOK U-001
1.
ISO 19900
2.
NORSOK N-001
3.
Steel Structure: NS 3472
Example
04 March 2009
Slide 34
Rules for Subsea Lifting

Relevant DNV Publications, Lifting- and Subsea operations:
DNV Rules for Planning and Execution of
Marine Operations2000
Special planned,non-routine operations of limited
durations, at sea. Marine operations are
normally related to temporary phases as
e.g.load transfer, transportation and installation.
DNV-OS-E402
Offshore Standard for Diving
Systems January 2004
( Amendments October 2008)
DNV Standard for Certification

No. 2.22 Lifting Aplliances
October 2008
DNV Standard for Certification
No. 2.7.1 Offshore Containers
April 2006
Special planned non-routine operations
Routine operations
04 March 2009
Slide 35
Relevant DNV Publications - Other
DNV-RP-C205 Environmental Conditions and Environmental Loads

April 2007 (replacing Classification Notes No 30.5)
DNV-RP-H101 Risk Management in Marine and Subsea Operations,

January 2003
DNV-RP H102 Marine Operations during Removal of Offshore

Installations, April 2004
Standard for Certification No. 2.7.3 Portable Offshore Units, June 2006
(a new revision is planned which will include subsea units)
04 March 2009
Slide 36
Rules for design - Piping,

Production, Injection,
service lines
04 March 2009
Slide 39
Piping a bit of background

Early 90ies.
ASME B31.3 rules.

- Used Topside, adapted to Subsea use
- Resulted in relatively heavy wall thickness but
still acceptable due to moderate design
pressures.
- Allowed high mechanical stress utilization
(displacement stress).
Late 90ies
Projects required higher design pressures.

- ASME B31.3 resulted in unpractical heavy wall
thickness
- Standard piping not sufficient (Sch 160 ++)
- Material properties questionable du to wt > 20
mm
- Welding issues (cost !)
04 March 2009
wt
Slide 40
Piping a bit of backgroundCont

Into the 2000.
Other design codes applied.

- ASME B31.8 Gas transmission (Offshore Appendix)
- DNV-OS-F101 Subsea Pipeline System
- API RP 1111
- ASME B31.4
- BS 8010-3
- Generally these resulted in lower wall thickness and more practical
considering sourcing, welding, material properties etc.
Which is correct ?
What about the safety
level ?
04 March 2009
Slide 41
Piping the future

Review of suitability of codes.
Currently all have limitations
There is a need in the industry for specific design rules for manifold
piping
DNV-OS-F101 can be revised to suit manifold piping through a JIP
ISO 13628- 15 may provide guidance
04 March 2009
Slide 42
Summary
Design Codes
Structure
Marine Operations
Piping
ISO 13628- 15..
04 March 2009
Slide 43
04 March 2009
Slide 44

Regulations Pipelines & Subsea: 10. Mars 2009 Olav Fyrileiv - DNV Anders Husby - DNV

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Regulations Pipelines &

Governing requirements in a project development

How have authorities organised the regulations?

DNV codes for pipelines overview & safety format

Regulations for subsea

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

Governing requirements in a project

Selected standards (ISO, Norsok, DNV,

Frame agreement specifications

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

How have authorities organised the regulations?

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

Goal setting req.

$10 Loads, load effects and

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

Goal setting req.

ISO How detailed are these?

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

Conditions for development of codes

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

DNV Offshore Codes

DET NORSKE VERITAS

DET NORSKE VERITAS

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

Offshore Service Specification (OSS)

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

Scope of work for certification and

Involvement in three degrees (low,

Offshore Standard (OS)

Enables the operators to reduce

Harmonised with ISO

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

Limit state based design criteria

Calibrated safety factors

RP for pipeline applications

RP-F101 Corroded pipelines

RP-F106 External coating

RP-F109 On bottom stab.

RP-F110 Global buckling

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

What do you think?

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

The design shall also consider

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

A pipeline shall be designed considering the likelihood of loads and

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

A pipeline shall be designed considering the likelihood of loads and

The pipeline shall be designed so that the risk is acceptable!

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

What do you think?

What is acceptable risk?

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

The consequences are normally divided into

For pipelines, this can normally be expressed in terms of:

The consequences are divided into Safety Classes,

Hence, the safety class depend on

Pipeline Technology Basic Course

Safety Class selection - Normal case

Target safety levels