SCI 207 WEEK 3 ASSIGNMENT OUTLINE IF THE FINAL LAB REPORT

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SCI 207 Week 3 Assignment Outline if the Final Lab Report - NEW

ABSTRACT
Ground water is the biggest source of drinking water available to human population
around the world and is rapidly being polluted because of industrialization and
increasing demands of agriculture around the world. A set of simple experiments were
done to find out what kind of changes do some of these contaminants cause in ground
water. Samples of tap water and bottled water were also analyzed for safety. Chemicals
like oil, vinegar and soap cause turbidity, odor and color change in water samples. Tap
water is much safer to drink than bottled water because it contains less contamination
than bottles water.
INTRODUCTION
Ground water is present below the surface in porous rocks and is susceptible to contamination by
natural and especially human related activities. Large amounts of chemicals like soap and
detergents, fertilizers and pesticides, pharmaceutical by-products are discharged in to fresh water
aquifers every day. These contaminants leach in to the soil and dissolve in ground water. Different
contaminants have different rates of solubility and degradation once they reach the underground
water table either by simple flow or by the downward movement of rain water. The ground water may
become contaminated with both organic and inorganic substances especially heavy metals like
Cadmium, Chromium and Nickel, etc. (Christensen et al, 2001). Pharmaceutical wastes can cause
cancer in human cells. (Krifa et al. 2013). Many pharmaceutically active chemicals reach
groundwater sources almost untreated and cause contamination. (Herber, 2002). Increase in the

emissions of carbon dioxide by burning fossil fuels is the single largest cause of environmental
degradation resulting not only in global warming but also causing acid rain which alters the pH of
ground water. Water is a universal solvent; however, its dissolving properties are very sensitive to
changes in temperature and pH. Global economic growth has, unfortunately, resulted in high levels
of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide with the current annual rate at 3.3% from 1.3% in the last
decade. (Canadell et al, 2007). The demands of agricultural output have put a lot pressure on fresh
water sources. Rapid industrialization has led to huge increase in the usage of ground water. The
untreated industrial wastes are released back in to rivers and streams causing further pollution.
Industrial units are the biggest users of ground water today with a share of almost 22% of the total
water supply available in the aquifers. (Brown and Brian, 1998).