Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 2

11/03/2015

NewcastleDiseaseinBirds:Causes,Signs,Treatment,andPrevention
HOME | PETSUPPLIES | LIVEAQUARIA | HELP | SITEMAP

DOG
ARTICLES

CAT
ARTICLES

FISH
ARTICLES

BIRD
ARTICLES

FERRET
ARTICLES

SMALLPET
ARTICLES

NewcastleDiseaseinBirds:Causes,
Signs,Treatment,andPrevention

WHAT'STHEMATTER?

Veterinary&AquaticServicesDepartment,Drs.Foster&Smith

1. Selectapettype
2.LOOKUPAPETDISEASE
ORCONDITION
J

W X

EMERGENCYINFOopen+
RESOURCESopen+
FEATURESopen+
MEDICATIONCENTER
DICTIONARY
BIRDPRODUCTS

BIRDARTICLELIBRARY:
Anatomy,BasicScience&
NormalValues
Behavior&Training
Diseases&OrganSystems
Feeding&Nutrition
FirstAid,Emergencies,&
Poisons
Husbandry&BasicCare
Species

PrintArticle | EmailArticle

K L M N

S T U V

Home/Bird/Diseases/NewcastleDisease:

SEARCHARTICLES

A B C D

REPTILE
ARTICLES

OftenreferredtoasAvianDistemperorVelogenicViscerotropicNewcastleDisease,(VVND),
NewcastleDiseaseisoneofthemostseriousofallaviandiseases.Firstidentifiedin1926in
NewcastleonTyneinEngland,thediseasewaslaterfoundintheUnitedStatesin1944.Now,the
diseasehasspreadtoincludeworldwideavianpopulations,affectingbirdsofallages.Itismost
prevalent,however,inbirdsimportedfromSoutheastAsiaandCentralAmerica.

WhatcausesNewcastleDisease?
NewcastleDiseaseiscausedbyavirus(paramyxovirus,oftheGroup1serotype).Especially
aggressive,thefirstwidespreadoutbreakofNewcastleDiseaseoccurredintheUnitedStatesin
southernCalifornia.In1972,infectedbirdsinanexoticaviaryspreadtheinfectiontochickenson
neighboringfarms.Beforeitwasover,millionsofchickenseitherdiedorwereeuthanizedina
successfulattempttocontrolfurtherspread.ThisoutbreakwasdirectlyresponsiblefortheUSDA's
adoptionofquarantinesystemsforimportedbirdsin1974.Sincethattime,therehasnotbeen
anotheroutbreakofsimilarseverity.

KayteeFortiDietMolting&
Conditioning
Aslowas$3.99

HowisNewcastleDiseasetransmitted?
Withanaffinityforredbloodcells,thevirusspreadsrapidlythroughoutthebody.Thevirusis
highlycontagiousandspreadindroppingsandnasaldischargeviadirectcontact,throughtheair,
oroncontaminateditemssuchasbottomsofshoes,food,orinfecteddishesandcages.Thevirus
canalsopenetrateeggshellsthatcomeincontactwithinfectedtissueorfood,thereby,infecting
theembryo.Itcansurviveoutsideahostforseveralweeksinawarmandhumidenvironmentand
indefinitelyinfrozenmaterial.

VitaSol
Aslowas$5.99

WhatarethesignsofNewcastleDisease?
Theincubationperiod(timefromexposuretothedevelopmentofsignsofdisease)is4to7days.
Ingeneral,signscanincludeocularand/ornasaldischarge,dyspnea,andbloodydiarrhea.
Centralnervoussystemsignscanalsooccur,includingdepressionortheopposite
hyperexcitabilityvestibularorbalanceproblemstremors,especiallyoftheheadandneck
weaknessandpartialortotalparalysis.Theonsetofsignsmaybesemiacutetosuddendeath.
Signsvarydependingonthestrainofvirusandthespeciesofbird.

Skin&PlumageSupplementfor
Birds
Aslowas$3.99

HowisNewcastleDiseasediagnosed?
Thediagnosisismadebyisolatingthevirusfromeitherthefecesoflivebirdsortheorgansof
infectedanimalsavailableatnecropsy.AllsuspectcasesmustbereportedtotheUnitedStates
DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA),andanalysismustbedoneinagovernmentapproved
laboratory.Oncediagnosisisconfirmed,theUSDAwillmakerecommendationsonthe
euthanasiaanddisposalofinfectedbirds,andtheadministrationofquarantinestoprevent
spread.

WhatisthetreatmentforNewcastleDisease?

HiCalciumGritforBirds
Aslowas$3.99

Thereisnotreatmentorvaccinehowever,injectionsofhyperimmuneserum havebeenused
toprotectexposedbirdsbeforetheybecomesymptomatic.Whenbirdsbeginshowingsymptoms,
thisisineffective.Unfortunately,theprognosisforthisdiseaseispoor,withnearlya100percent
mortalityrate,onceinfected.

HowisNewcastleDiseaseprevented?
Sincethequarantinerequirementswereintroducedin1974,theincidenceofNewcastleDisease
hasbeengreatlyreduced,butitisnotyeteradicatedworldwide.Althoughheartyandableto
surviveinmanyenvironments,thevirusisdestroyedrapidlybydehydrationandexposureto
ultravioletrays(sunlight).
ThefollowingprotocolsandrecommendationsarehelpingtoreducetheincidenceofNewcastle
Disease:
AllbirdstobeimportedintotheUnitedStatesmustbequarantinedinfacilitiesoutsidethe
countryfor30daysbeforeenteringtheU.S.
AllsuspectedcasesofNewcastleDiseasemustbereportedtotheUSDA.
Newlyacquiredbirdsshouldbeisolatedforatleast30days6weeksisbetter.Setaside
shoesandclothingtobewornonlyinthequarantinearea.
Certificationshouldberequestedfromthesupplierofyourbirdsthatconfirmsyourbirdor
birdsarelegallyimportedorareraisedintheU.S.Ahealthcertificateshouldberequested
andyoushouldverifythatthebird(s)willbetransportedinneworthoroughlydisinfected
cages.ThebiggestcontributortothespreadofNewcastleDiseaseistheaviansmuggling
industry
.
TheUSDAhasmadethefollowingrecommendationstopoultryfarmers:
Allowonlyessentialworkersandvehiclesonthefarmoratleastonlyintheareas

http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=15+1829&aid=2264

1/2

11/03/2015

NewcastleDiseaseinBirds:Causes,Signs,Treatment,andPrevention
immediatelyadjacenttoandincludingthepoultryhouses.
Providecleanclothingandcleansingfacilitiesforemployees.
Cleananddisinfectvehicles(includingtiresandundercarriages)enteringandleavingthe
farm.
Avoidvisitingotherpoultryoperations.
Maintainanallin,alloutphilosophyofflockmanagement:
Controlthemovementofallpoultryandpoultryproductsfromfarmtofarm.
Donotcullmaturebirdsfromaflocktobesoldinalivemarket.
Cleananddisinfectpoultryhousesbetweeneachlotofbirds.
Donotkeeppetbirdsonthefarm.
Protectflocksfromwildbirdstryingtonestinpoultryhousesanddonotfeedflocks
combinedwithdomesticbirds.
Maintainstrictcontrolsoverthedisposalandhandlingofbirdcarcasses,litter,and
manure.
Bringdiseasedbirdstoanapprovedlaboratoryforexamination.
Wecanallplayaroleinhelpingtoeliminatethisdeadlyaviandiseasebyfollowingtheguidelines
above.AnypoultryorpetbirdownersorveterinarianswhosuspectabirdmayhaveNewcastle
Disease,shouldimmediatelycontactStateorFederalanimalhealthauthorities.Anysuspicions
regardingsuppliersshouldalsobereported.

ReferencesandFurtherReading
Clubb,S.LawsandRegulationsAffectingAvicultureandthePetBirdIndustry.Altman,RClubb,SDorrestein,G
Quesenberry,K.(eds.).AvianMedicineandSurgery.W.B.Saunders.Philadelphia,PA1997.
Gallerstein,GAcker,H.TheCompleteBirdOwner'sHandbook.Simon&SchusterMacmillan.NewYork,NewYork
1994.
Olsen,GOrosz,S.ManualofAvianMedicine.Mosby,Inc.St.Louis,MO2000.
Rupley,A.ManualofAvianPractice.W.B.Saunders.Philadelphia,PA1997.
USDADepartmentofAgriculture.VeterinaryServices.ExoticNewcastleDisease.May,2001.

PrintArticle |

EmailArticle

Subscribe to email newsletters:


featuringhelpfularticles,tipsandonlineonlyproductspecialsfromDrs.Foster&Smith.Learn
morehere!
AboutUs

ArticleReprints

Awards&Memberships

RequestaFREECatalog

TellaFriend

MeetOurStaff

Terms&Use

SiteMap

FreeNewsletters

LinkstoUs

Visitour
other
websites:
Forproductinformation,call18008267206
Copyright19972015,FosterandSmith,Inc.2253AirParkRoad,P.O.Box100,Rhinelander,Wisconsin,54501.
Allrightsreserved.
TermsofUse|NEWPrivacyPolicy|YourCAPrivacyRights|CopyrightClaims|PetMedicalRecordsPolicy

http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=15+1829&aid=2264

2/2

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi