THIRUVALLUVAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY, VANDAVASI-604505.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

Paper on

NEW TRENDS ON FOURTH GENERATION(4G)

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Submitted

by

CHARLASS.J

&

GANESAN.V

III YEAR ECE

E-mail ID : ganesan480@gmail.com, ph:9003887400

charles.sdg@gmail.com, ph:9976220588..
 NEW TRENDS ON FOURTH
GENERATION(4G) WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT:

4G is the next generation of wireless networks that will replace 3G networks in future. The
third and fourth generation of wireless communications will greatly enhance the implementation
of sophisticated wireless applications. Users will be able to utilize personal, location-based
wireless information and interactive services. Also, many companies and corporations are
restructuring their business processes to be able to fully exploit the opportunities provided by the
emerging new wireless data services. Many advanced wireless services are already available
today, and the introduction of 3G and 4G wireless technologies will add to their ubiquity. The
3G Wireless systems were proposed to provide voice and paging services to provide interactive
multimedia including teleconferencing and internet access and variety of other services.
However, these systems offer wide area network (WAN) coverage of 384 kbps peak rate and
limited coverage for 2 Mbps. Hence providing broadband services would be one of the major
goals of the 4G Wireless systems.
This paper discusses the coexistence strategies for 3G and 4G in general, and its
specific applications and gives an overview of current technology trends in the wireless
technology market, a historical overview of the evolving wireless technologies and an
examination of how the communication industry plans to implement 4G wireless technology
since 3G has already implemented and 4G standards to address the growing demand for wireless
multimedia services.We also show the differences and advantages between fourth generation
and third generation wireless technology when compared to different wireless technologies.
(Wimax,Wi-Fi,etc)
MOTIVATION FOR 4G RESEARCH BEFORE 3G HAS NOT BEEN
DEPLOYED?
• 3G performance may not be sufficient to meet needs of future high-performance
applications like multi-media, full-motion video, wireless teleconferencing. We need a
network technology that extends 3G capacity by an order of magnitude.
• There are multiple standards for 3G making it difficult to roam and interoperate across
networks. we need global mobility and service portability
• 3G is based on primarily a wide-area concept. We need hybrid networks that utilize both
wireless LAN (hot spot) concept and cell or base-station wide area network design.
• Researchers have come up with spectrally more efficient modulation schemes that can
not be retrofitted into 3G infrastructure
• We need all digital packet network that utilizes IP in its fullest form with converged
voice and data capability.
OBJECTIVES:
4G is being developed to accommodate the QoS and rate requirements set by
forthcoming applications like wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging
Service (MMS), video chat,mobile TV, HDTV content, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB),
minimal services like voice and data, and other services that utilize bandwidth.

 A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bits/s/Hz/site),

 High network capacity: more simultaneous users per cell,
 A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high speeds relative to
the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed positions as defined by
the ITU-R,
 A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world,
 Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks,
 Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks,
 High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed
data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc)
 Interoperability with existing wireless standards, and
 An all IP, packet switched network.
 PRINCIPLE TECHNIQUES
• Baseband techniques
• OFDM: To exploit the frequency selective channel property
• MIMO: To attain ultra high spectral efficiency
• Turbo principle: To minimize the required SNR at the reception side
• Adaptive radio interface
• Modulation, spatial processing including multi-antenna and multi-user MIMO
• Relaying, including fixed relay networks (FRNs), and the cooperative relaying concept,
known as multi-mode protocol

The existing 3G W-CDMA standard will be replaced in 4G by VSF-OFCDM and VSF-CDMA.

VSF-OFCDM allows extremely high downlink connections, both indoors and outdoors. VSF-CDMA
provides high-efficiency, high-speed packet transmissions for the uplink.
One of the main advantages that 4G technology will have over 3G is higher data rates. This will benefit
the end user by allowing faster access to multimedia and video while on the move.
Recently, new access schemes like Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-
FDMA), Interleaved FDMA and Multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) are
gaining more importance for the next generation systems. WiMax is using OFDMA in the downlink and
in the uplink. For the next generation UMTS, OFDMA is being considered for the downlink. By
contrast, IFDMA is being considered for the uplink since OFDMA contributes more to the PAPR related
issues and results in nonlinear operation of amplifiers. IFDMA provides less power fluctuation and thus
avoids amplifier issues. Similarly, MC-CDMA is in the proposal for the IEEE 802.20 standard. These
access schemes offer the same efficiencies as older technologies like CDMA. Apart from this, scalability
and higher data rates can be achieved
ERROR CONTROL CODING:
In 4G systems rate-adaptive coding schemes can be used which can make use of the
channel information from the measured parameters or feedback from the Mobile Terminal (MT).
A Hybrid ARQ scheme can be used to minimize the overhead in case of retransmission. Space
time codes, multiple antennas systems like the smart antennas can be used to further improve the
data rates. 4G is going to be a packet-based network. Since it would carry voice as well as
internet traffic it should be able to provide different level of QoS.
COMPARISON OF 3G & 4G SYSTEMS
3G 4G
Frequency band 1.8 - 2.5 GHz 2 - 8 GHz
Bandwidth 5 - 20 MHz 5 - 20 MHz
Data rate Up to 2 Mbps (384 kbps deployed) Up to 20 Mbps
Access W-CDMA MC-CDMA or OFDM (TDMA)
Switching Circuit/packet Packet
Mobile top speeds 200 km/h 200 km/h

APPLICATIONS:
At the present rates of 15-30 Mbit/s, 4G is capable of providing users with streaming high-
definition television. At rates of 100 Mbit/s, the content of a DVD-5 (for example a movie), can
be downloaded within about 5 minutes for offline access.
4G wireless standards
3GPP is currently standardizing LTE Advanced as future 4G standard. A first set of 3GPP
requirements on LTE Advanced has been approved in June 2008. The working groups are
currently evaluating various proposals for standardization. LTE Advanced will be standardized
as part of the Release 10 of the 3GPP specification.

CONCLUSION:

1. 4G is still in formative stages. They may become commercially available in 2010.

2. The work on 4G systems has begun in the industry as well the academia. Ex:- Wireless World
Research Forum (WWRF) has Ericcson, Alcatel, Nokia and Siemens AG. The National Science
Foundation (NSF) has announced a program in 1999 that calls for proposals that would look at
issues involved in 4G systems. In the USA, Motorola, Lucent, AT&T, Nortel and other major
companies are also working on 4G systems.
3. Multimedia traffic will be dominant in the future. It is estimated that voice would contribute
to only 20-30 % of total traffic in the future.
4. A modified IP will be the universal network layer protocol in the future.
5. Diverse array of applications like virtual navigation, tele-medicine, etc.
6. The entire network would be digital and packet switched.

REFERENCES:

1.IEEE.com

2. "4G - Beyond 2.5G and 3G Wireless Networks". MobileInfo.com.

3. "DoCoMo Achieves 5 Gbit/s Data Speed". NTT DoCoMo Press.

2007-02-09.