Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Scheduling Techniques
Introduction
Scheduling techniques
Gantt or bar charts
Milestone charts
Line of balance
Networks
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
Arrow Diagram Method (ADM) [Sometimes called
the Critical Path Method (CPM)]
Precedence Diagram Method (PDM)
Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT)
interdependencies of activities
GANTT Chart
Job
Day
1
Day
2
Day
3
Day
4
Day
5
Day
6
Day
7
Day
8
Start of an
activity
End of an
activity
Scheduled
activity time
allowed
Maintenance
Actual work
progress
Nonproduction
time
C
Now
Point in time
when chart
is reviewed
8
Milestone schedules
Milestone schedules
10
Network analyis
Order
Pipe
Deliver
Pipe
D
Start
Finish
Lay
Pipe
B
Dig
Trench
ACTIVIT
Y
3 WEEKS
COMPLETE TESTING
REPORT
3
COMPLETE FINAL
LEGEND
EVENT
ACTIVITY
13
AOA: Terminology
14
Dependencies
31
31
18
26
26
18
7
BURST POINT
7
SINK
15
Dependencies
a
a
b
b
1
e
c
RIGHT
16
3
1
4
LEGEND: (TIME =
WEEKS) EVENT
ACTIVITY
CRITICAL PATH ACTIVITY
17
Dummy Activities
D
A
PRECEDIN
ACTIVITY G
ACTIVITY
DUMM
Y
B
C
C
D
B
A,B
18
Dependencies
a
c
b precede d
d
a and b precede c
a and b precede d
b
c
19
Dependencies
a
d depends on a and b
c depends only on a
d
d
d depends on a and b
e depends on b and c
b
c
e depends only on b
e
20
1
e
WRONG
b
RIGHT
c
2
a,b,c must precede d, but only a,b precede e
3
d
1
WRONG
a precede
d
a and b
precede d
b and c
precede
d
d
1
c
b
2
e
4
f
3
RIGH21T
=(b-a)/6
23
Schedule Compression
Elimination of some parts of the project
Addition of more resources
Substitution of less time-consuming
components or activities
Parallelization of activities
Shortening critical path activities
Shortening early activities
Shortening longest activities
25
Schedule Compression
(Continued)
Shortening easiest activities
Shortening activities that are least costly to
speed up
Shortening activities for which you have more
resources
Increasing the number of work hours per day
26
Resource Leveling
Resource leveling is an attempt to eliminate the
manpower peaks and valleys by smoothing out
the period-to-period resource requirements.
The ideal situation is to do this without changing
the end date. However, in reality, the end date
moves out and additional costs are incurred.
27
Resource Allocation
Resource allocation (or resource limited
planning) is an attempt to find the shortest
possible critical path based upon the available
or fixed resources.
The problem with this approach is that the
employees may not be qualified technically to
perform work on more than one activity in a
network.
28
Activity description
Start
Mobilise
Survey
Grade site
Trench footings
Form and pour concrete
Cure concrete
Concrete and material design
Spec prefab metal building
Plumbing materials, pump
Electrical materials, lights, panel
Install pump
Erect structural steel
Install roofing and siding
Install lights and panels
Test Pump
Paint
End
Duration ,days
0
2
1
2
5
5
8
5
4
5
5
7
4
5
3
2
3
0
Immediate
Predecessors
1
2
2
3,4
5,8
6
1
1
1
1
7,9,10
7,9,10
13
11,14
12
15
16, 17
29
Classroom Activity 6a
Draw a network diagram using the details in
the previous slide.
30
Precedence Network
The interrelationships on bar
charts
MONTHS AFTER GOAHEAD TASKS
5
1
2
3
4
31
FINISH
FINISH-TO-START
ACTIVITY
1
START
ACTIVITY 2
START
START-TO-START
ACTIVITY
1
START
ACTIVITY 2
32
FINISH
FINISH-TO-FINISH
FINISH
ACTIVITY 1
ACTIVITY 2
PERCENT
COMPLETE
ACTIVITY 1
50 %
20 %
ACTIVITY 2
33
ACTIVITY INFORMATION
EARLY START
01/06/97
ACTIVITY 4
LATE START
15/06/97
TIME DURATION
2 WORK-WEEKS
TOTAL
SLACK(TS)
FREE SLACK
(FS)
COST/PROFIT
CENTER 2810
EARLY FINISH
14/06/97
$250,000
LATE FINISH
28/06/97
34
Questions?
35