EARL OLINSKI B.

FLORES
EE148 BRING HOME EXAM

BSEEN-IV
MARCH 10, 2015

1. Explain the principle of operation of an induction motor.

When the stator winding is connected to a source, it produces a
revolving magnetic field that induces emf in the rotor winding that
forms a loop, allowing the production of induced current in the coil
where in emf is also induced. When a current-carrying coil is immersed
in a magnetic field, it experiences a force that tends to rotate it.
2. Describe the construction of a squirrel-cage induction motor.
The squirrel cage rotor consists of aluminum, brass or copper bars.
These aluminum, brass or copper bars are called rotor conductors and
are placed in the slots on the periphery of the rotor. The rotor
conductors are permanently shorted by the copper or aluminum rings
called the end rings. In order to provide mechanical strength these
rotor conductor are braced to the end ring and hence form a complete
closed circuit resembling like a cage and hence its name.
3. Explain the construction of a wound-rotor induction motor.
As its name indicates three phase slip ring induction motor consists of
slip rings connected on same shaft as that of rotor. The three ends of
three phase windings are permanently connected to these slip rings.
4. What are the advantages and drawbacks of a wound-rotor induction motor?
Advantages:
i. We can easily add rotor resistance by using slip ring and brushes
.
ii. Speed control by rotor resistance method is possible.
iii. Are used where high starting torque is required.
Drawbacks:
i.
Construction is complicated due to presence of slip ring and
brushes.
ii.
Frequent maintenance is required due to presence of brushes
.
iii.
Rotor copper losses are high and hence less efficiency.
5. What are the advantages and drawbacks of a squirrel-cage induction motor?
Advantages:
i. Construction is very simple.
ii. Less maintenance is required.
iii. Less rotor copper losses and hence high efficiency.
Drawbacks:
i. Since the rotor bars are permanently shorted, its not possible to
add external resistance.
ii. Speed control by rotor resistance method is not possible.
iii. Staring torque is low and cannot be improved.
6. At what speed does the revolving field rotate in an induction motor? How can
it be determined?
The speed of the rotation of the revolving field in an induction motor is
dependent on its frequency and number of poles. It can be determined
by the formula Ns = 120f/P.
7. Explain why an induction motor cannot operate at its synchronous speed.
Because the rotor receives its power by induction only when there is a
relative motion between the rotor speed and the revolving field.

8. Explain slip speed, per-unit speed, per-unit slip, and percent slip.
Slip speed the speed with which the rotor is slipping behind a point
on a fictitious revolving pole in order to produce torque.
Per-unit speed synchronous speed in per-unit.
Percent slip percentage of synchronous speed.
9. What is the rotor frequency when the rotor is (a) locked and (b) rotates at 5%
slip?
When locked, the rotor frequency is equal to the frequency of the
motor. And if it rotates at 5% slip, at full load, the rotor frequency is
0.05 times the frequency of the motor.
10.
Define starting torque, breakdown torque, breakdown slip, rated
torque, torque developed, and shaft torque.
Starting torque is the amount required to overcome the inertia of a
standstill.
Breakdown torque is the greatest amount of torque a motor can
attain without stalling.
Breakdown slip the slip point where the motor develops maximum
torque.
Rated torque torque required to produce the rated power of a motor
at full-load speed.
Torque developed is equal to 3I2R2/ss
Shaft torque ratio of the output power to the synchronous speed
(rpm).
11.
How can you minimize the rotor reactance?
By increasing the starting torque.
12.
Describe the no-load test, blocked-rotor test, and stator-resistance test.
No-load test gives information with respect to exciting current and
no-load losses.
Blocked-rotor test gives information with respect to the leakage
impedances.
Stator-resistance test gives the DC resistance of the stator of the induction
motor.

13.
Define stator copper loss, rotor copper loss, air-gap power, dynamic
resistance, and effective rotor resistance.
Stator copper loss are proportional to the stator current density
and stator resistance.
Rotor copper loss are proportional to the rotor current density and
rotor resistance.
Air-gap power the power transferred electromagnetically across the
air gap between
the stator and rotor.
Dynamic resistance the additional resistance that is added to the
actual resistance of the rotor to get the effective rotor resistance.
Effective rotor resistance hypothetical resistance in the rotor
circuit.
14.
What losses are measured by (a) the no-load test and (b) the blockedrotor test?
No-load test windage and friction losses, and no-load core loss.
Blocked-rotor test mechanical loss.

15.
What are the various techniques used to control the speed of induction
motors?
Changing the number of poles, and varying the input voltage and
frequency of induction motors.
16.
What are the various classes of squirrel-cage induction motors?
Class A normal starting torque, normal starting current, normal slip.
Class B normal starting torque, low starting current, normal slip.
Class C high starting torque, low starting current, normal slip.
Class D high starting torque, low starting current, high slip.
Class E low starting torque, normal starting current, low slip.
Class F low starting torque, low starting current, normal slip.
17.
List several applications for each class of squirrel-cage induction motor.
Lathes, drilling machines, agricultural and industrial pumps, and
industrial drives.
18.
How can the starting current be controlled in a wound motor?
By adjusting the resistance that is being added in the rotor circuit.
19.
Cite possible reasons why a three-phase induction motor fails to start.
Of course it wont work when the starters are damaged, and if a single
phase phasing occurs in a non-working induction motor.
20.
Why is an induction motor called an asynchronous motor?
Because it operates in a speed lower than the synchronous speed.
21.
How can the direction of a three-phase induction motor be reversed?
By interchanging the terminals of the supply.
22.
What happens to the speed of an induction motor if the load is
increased?
Since the load resistance is the electrical equivalent of a mechanical
load on the motor, and the speed depends on the load resistance of
the motor, it increases.
23.
What is a consequent-pole winding?
Consequent winding is where the phase coils are reconnected to
produce four (4) N or S poles.
24.
What happens when a 6-pole induction motor is reconnected as a
consequent-pole motor? Rotor reactance?
When a 6-pole induction motor is reconnected as a consequent-pole
motor, there is:
i. An increase in rotor copper loss.
ii. An increase in the operating temperature of the motor.
iii. Reduction in the motor efficiency.
25.
What is the effect of increase in rotor reactance on the starting
current? The maximum torque?
Any increase in the rotor resistance is accompanied by a decrease in
the rotor current for the same induced emf in the rotor. A decrease in
the rotor current causes a reduction in the torque developed.
26.
Explain the nature of the speed-torque characteristic of an induction
motor.
The torque developed by an induction motor is directly proportional to
the square of the current in the rotor circuit and the equivalent
hypothetical resistance of the rotor.

27.
What happens to the speed-torque characteristic of an induction motor
if the rotor resistance is increased?
When the rotor resistance is increased, the speed-torque characteristic
of an induction motor is also linearly increased.
28.
How does the increase in the rotor resistance affect the breakdown
slip? The starting torque? The breakdown torque?
The torque developed by the motor increases with the increase in the
effective resistance. Thus, the torque developed by the motor keeps
increasing with the decrease in the slip as long as the rotor resistance
has little influence on the rotor current.
29.
Is it always possible to start an induction motor by applying the rated
voltage?
No, since rated voltage operates with 10% tolerance above and below
voltage rated value, changing loads conditions of the motor will affect
the power distribution.
30.
Is it possible for an induction motor to operate as an induction
generator? If yes, how can it be done?
Yes, induction motor becomes generator when it is connected to an
electrical power system and then driven above synchronous speed, by
some prime movers. Prime movers can be a turbine, windmill or
anything that is capable of supplying the torque and speed needed to
drive the rotor into the over-speed condition.
31.
Describe the construction of the ff. motors: split-phase motor,
capacitor motor, shaded-pole motor, and universal motor.
Spit-phase motor The motor employs two separate windings that
are placed in space quadrature and are connected in parallel to a
single-phase source.
Capacitor motor a capacitor is included in series with the auxiliary
winding.
Shaded pole motor When the auxiliary winding of a single-phase
induction motor is in the form of a copper ring, it is called the shadedpole motor.
Universal motor A universal motor is wound and connected just like
a dc series motor.
32.
Explain the principle of operation of a split-phase motor, a capacitor
motor, a shaded-pole motor, and a universal motor.
Split-phase motor the phase difference between the currents in the
two windings and thereby between the fluxes produced by them is
obtained by making the auxiliary winding highly resistive while the
main winding is highly inductive.
Shaded-pole motor Any change in the flux in each pole of the
motor is responsible for an induced emf in the shading coil in
accordance with Faraday's law of induction. Since the shading coil
forms a closed loop having a very small resistance, a large current is
induced in the shading coil. The direction of the current is such that it
always creates a magnetic field that opposes the change in the flux in
the shaded region of the pole.

33.
Why do we refer to the split-phase motor, capacitor motor, and
shaded-pole motor as an induction motors?
A single phase induction motors are made self-starting by providing an
additional flux by some additional means. Now depending upon these
means the single phase induction motors as classified as split-phase
motor, capacitor motor and shaded-pole motor.
34.
Is a universal motor also an induction motor? Give reasons to justify
your answer.
Yes, the universal motor is a series dc motor properly designed for ac
operation. The motor is capable of operating on both dc and ac supply.
The performance, however, is better when the motor operates on the
dc supply. Compensating winding may be used to improve the power
factor.
35.
State some of the practical applications of universal motors.
These motors operate at relatively high speeds and are an integral part
of such units as vacuum cleaners, food blenders, and portable electric
tools such as saws and routers.
36.
Is it always possible to replace a shaded-pole motor with other types of
induction motors?
No, because other induction motors operates in their own functions.
Since they are classified in their own means.
37.
Can the direction of rotation of a shaded-pole motor be reversed?
Since the rotor follows the revolving field, the direction of rotation of a
shaded- pole motor cannot be reversed once the motor is built.
38.
How can the direction of rotation of a split-phase motor or a capacitor
motor be reversed?
By reversing or interchanging one of the two stator windings.
39.
Why is it necessary to cut-off the auxiliary winding from the circuit
when a split-phase motor is operating at full load? What would happen if the
centrifugal switch failed?
A centrifugal switch is commonly used to disconnect the auxiliary
winding from the source at a predetermined speed. The disconnection
is necessary to avoid the excessive power loss in the auxiliary winding
at full load.
40.
Why is a capacitor motor better than a split-phase motor?
Because it has a high starting torque than split-phase motor.
41.
Why is a capacitor-start capacitor-run motor better than a permanent
split capacitor motor?
Because permanent split capacitors suffers increased current
magnitude a backward time shift as the motor comes up to speed. Also
capacitor-start capacitor-run has a higher starting torque.
42.
What is the effect of armature reaction on the speed of a universal
motor?
The increase in the armature reaction decreases the flux in the motor,
which, in turn, causes an increase in the speed.
43.
Why does a universal motor perform better on dc than ac supply?

When a series motor is operated from a dc source, the current is

unidirectional in both the field and the armature windings. Therefore,
the flux produced by each pole and the direction of the current in the
armature conductors under that pole remain in the same direction at
all times. Hence, the torque developed by the motor is constant.
44.
What happens to the power factor of a universal motor when the load
is increased?
The power factor is defined as cos where is the net lag of the
current behind the applied voltage due to the in phase and out of
phase current components. Therefore, the power factor remains
constant.
45.
What happens to the speed of a universal motor when the load is
decreased?
The power factor is defined as cos where is the net lag of the
current behind the applied voltage due to the in phase and out of
phase current components. Therefore, the power factor remains
constant.
46.
Is it possible for a universal motor to self-destruct under no load?
Yes, it is possible for a series motor to self-destruct under no load
owing to centrifugal action.