Speed Class

Pusat:
Pusat Pengajian Diploma

Jabatan:
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam
Tajuk: AMALI 4
KAJIAN LAJU SETEMPAT / SPOT SPEED STUDY
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Speed is the rate of movement of a vehicle, generally expressed in kilometers per hour.
A spot speed study is a study of traffic speed at one point or spot on a traffic way. It consists
of a series or a sample of observations of the individual speeds at which vehicles are
approaching an intersection or passing a point at a non-intersection location. These
observations are used to estimate the speed distribution of the entire traffic stream at that
location, under the conditions prevailing at the time of the study.
Spot speed studies can be used to study speeds at problem locations in order to determine
whether speeds are too high and if complaints received are justified, for accident analysis in
order to determine the relationship of speed to accidents which may help in developing
corrective measures, and for before-and-after studies in order to evaluate the effect of some
change in controls or conditions,
In relation with this study, there has been several complaints of vehicles speeding along the
UTHM main road. This poses a danger to motorists and other user; there is a lot of activity in
the area.
2.0
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this study are:

(a) To determine the speed characteristics of traffic at the location.
(b) To justify the problem of speeding at the location.
3.0
APPARATUS
1. Radar Gun
3. Graph Paper (3 nos)
2. Forms SS1 and SS2

4. Safety Vest
5. Odometer
6. Stopwatch
Pusat:
Jabatan:
Tajuk: AMALI 4
4.0
PROCEDURE
1. Identify the spot at which the speed data will be collected.

2. Use the radar gun to measure the speed of vehicles according to their respective vehicle
class Class 1 (Motorcycles), Class 2 (Cars), Class 3 (Vans & Medium Trucks), and Class 4
(Large Trucks & Buses).
[Make sure that the operator of the radar gun is not seen by the motorists]
3. Record all speed measurements in Form SS1.
4. Based on Form SS1, determine the mean, maximum and minimum speed of vehicles
according to their class. Comment on your findings.
5. Transfer the data in Form SS1 to Form SS2.
6. Plot the following:
(a) Frequency Histogram (Percentage of vehicles vs. Speed)
(b) Frequency Distribution Curve (Percentage of vehicles vs. Speed)
(c) Cumulative Frequency Distribution Curve (Cumulative percentage vs. Speed)
7. Determine the following speed characteristics:
(a) Mean speed
(b) Median speed
(c) Mode speed
(d) 85-th Percentile speed
(e) Standard deviation
(f) Pace
8. Comment on your findings.
9. Does your findings justify the problem of speeding at the location? If it does, what are your
recommendation
Pusat:
Jabatan:
Tajuk: AMALI 4
5.0
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT

Form SS1
Location: _____________________________________________________________
Date: __________________ Time: _____________ Weather: _______________
Pusat:
Jabatan:
Tajuk: AMALI 4
Form SS2
Speed Class
(Km/h)
Class
Midvalue,
x
(Km/h)
Class
Frequency
F
fx
Percentage in
Class
(%)
Cumulative
Percentage
(%)
1-10
11-20
21-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
5.5
15.5
25.5
35.5
45.5
55.5
1
15
21
13
5
1
5.5
232.5
535.5
461.5
227.5
55.5
1.79
26.79
37.50
23.21
8.93
1.79
1.79
28.69
66.19
89.40
98.33
100
Total
183
56
1518
100
100
Formulae
f = frequency of observations in the particular class

x = mid-point of each class
n = total number of observations = f
fx=1518
n =56
= 1518/56
= 27.11 Km/h
Pusat:
Jabatan:
Tajuk: AMALI 4
L = lower limit of the class in which the median lies

n = total number of observations
f L = cumulative number of observation up to the lower limit of the class in
which the median lies
f m = number of observations in the class in which the median lies
C = speed interval of the group
f = frequency of observations in the particular class

x = mid-point of each class
n = total number of observations
Terminology
Pace = the 10 km/h range in speed in which the highest number of observation was recorded
85th Percentile speed = the speed at or below which 85 percent of the motorists drive on a
given road unaffected by slower traffic or poor weather
Pusat:
Jabatan:
Tajuk: AMALI 4
Calculations & Results:

1. Class 1 (Motorcycles)
Mean speed: __________ km/h
Maximum speed: __________ km/h
Minimum speed: __________ km/h
2. Class 2 (Cars)
3. Class 3 (Vans & Medium Trucks)
4. Class 4 (Heavy Trucks & Buses)
Comment:
(a) Median speed =
Pusat:
Jabatan:
Tajuk: AMALI 4
(b) Mean speed =
(c) Mode speed =
(d) Standard deviation =
2
2
56 ( 183 ) ( (56 x 183 ) )
+
561
56 ( 561 )
(e) 85th Percentile Speed =
(f) Pace = 19.5 Km/h 29.5 Km/h
Comment:
34706.78
Pusat:
Jabatan:
Tajuk: AMALI 4
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION

Speed Class

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Speed Class

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Formats disponibles

Pusat:

Pusat Pengajian Diploma

The objectives of this study are:

2. Forms SS1 and SS2

1. Identify the spot at which the speed data will be collected.

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT

f = frequency of observations in the particular class

L = lower limit of the class in which the median lies

f = frequency of observations in the particular class

Calculations & Results:

(a) Median speed =

(b) Mean speed =

(c) Mode speed =

(d) Standard deviation =

(e) 85th Percentile Speed =

(f) Pace = 19.5 Km/h 29.5 Km/h

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