Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Introducing the
Mechanical Desktop
In this chapter
This chapter introduces you to Mechanical Desktop 2.0 and
helps you to get started whether you are using the Desktop
for the first time or upgrading from an earlier release.
Where to start
New features
Fundamentals
The Mechanical
Desktop interface
Where to Start
Before you begin, you should be familiar with AutoCAD. This release of the
Mechanical Desktop is built on AutoCAD Release 14. If you need information
about using AutoCAD Release 14, see the AutoCAD online documentation
available from the Help menu.
Whether you are building your first solid part or making a complex assembly,
you should find all the information you need in the printed and online
documentation.
Chapter 2
10
New Features
Mechanical Desktop 2.0 provides advanced 3D modeling capabilities,
powerful 2D drafting tools, and a new interface that will increase your
productivity as you design your mechanical models.
When you work with the Mechanical Desktop, you can choose the Single
Part environment or the Part/Assembly environment. With the Single Part
environment, you create a Single Part, save it as a drawing file, and use it later
in an assembly. To create multiple parts, assemblies, scenes, exploded views,
and extended bills of materials (BOMs), you work in the Part/Assembly
environment.
New Features
11
In the Part/Assembly environment there are five icons at the bottom of the
Browser. The two at the left are quick filters. The first icon, the Part filter,
controls the display of part instances and their features. If the Part filter is
selected, only parts and their features are visible in the Browser. If it is not
selected, assembly constraints are also visible.
The second icon is the Assembly filter. If selected, only the assembly
constraints attached to your parts are visible. These filters make it easy for
you to visualize your data while you are performing various functions.
part filter
assembly filter
Assembly Catalog
update part
update assembly
The middle icon provides immediate access to the Assembly Catalog, a powerful new interface for attaching and localizing external part files as well as
instancing both external and local parts to your current model. The two icons
at the right update modifications to either the part or the entire assembly.
Scene mode has one icon, for updating the changes you have made to your
current scene.
update scene
Drawing mode has two toggle icons: by selecting the one on the left, you
suppress automatic updates of drawing views. The icon on the right determines whether hidden line calculations are automatically performed if you
make any changes to your parts.
Chapter 2
12
update part
New Features
13
Use the Browser Filter to globally control the visibility of objects associated
with parts, assemblies, or scenes.
Chapter 2
14
For procedures about using the Desktop Browser, see Working with the
Browser in online Help. Use the tutorials in chapters 3 through 11 to familiarize yourself with the Desktop Browser.
Viewing Enhancements
New viewing capabilities are available from the Desktop View toolbar. With
this release, you will find a drag-and-drop interaction as you rotate, pan, or
zoom your drawing. You can now sketch and edit directly on shaded images,
as well as display edges on shaded images. You can lock viewports, rendering
in one view and editing in another. Complete material properties are now
used, including translucency.
New Features
15
The All tab lists all of the externally referenced files on the left and all of the
locally defined parts on the right. You can create additional instances, and
localize parts or assemblies. You can also perform other functions on both
externally referenced and localized parts and assemblies.
See Using the Assembly Catalog in online Help for procedures you can perform in the Assembly Catalog. Several videos are also included to illustrate
these procedures.
Use the tutorials in chapters 8, 10, and 11 to become familiar with the
Assembly Catalog.
Intelliconstraints
The Mechanical Desktop now features intelligent assembly constraints:
mate, insert, angle, and flush. Using these constraints is very intuitive. You
have complete flexibility with object cycling and the use of selection sets in
each of these commands.
As you select the objects to constrain, an animated cursor appears on your
screen. If cycling through the objects on screen is permitted, the animated
cursor indicates rotational arrows.
rotational arrows
left/right arrows
Chapter 2
16
If you have a selection that is difficult to define, you can create a selection set
from the existing geometry. For example, you need a plane that is defined by
an axis and a point. You can make these selections in any order, and the
plane will be defined. You also have the option of flipping the normal before
the selection process is completed. You have the opportunity to work with
the intelligent constraints in the tutorial in chapter 8.
The Mechanical Desktop also allows flexibility in the order in which you
constrain your parts and subassemblies. The base part, or subassembly, also
called the grounded part, or subassembly, is the first one that you define in your
drawing. Any other part or subassembly can be constrained to it, in any
order. However, it is important to constrain parts and subassemblies in a
logical manner.
Feature Reorder
Features can now be reordered within parts. For example, you have created a
part with a hole in it but later decide to add an extrusion to the part. You
want the hole in the original part to extend through the extrusion. Instead
of deleting the original hole and redefining it, you can simply reorder it in
the Desktop Browser. Select the hole feature and drag it down under the new
extrusion. The part is then updated automatically to show the hole passing
through the entire part.
For concepts and procedures about reordering parts, see Reordering
Features in online Help.
Fillet Enhancements
This release of the Mechanical Desktop includes major enhancements to the
fillet feature command. Combinations of fixed width, linear, and variable
radius fillets can be performed without having to restart the command. Editing of fillets, as with any part feature, is as easy as right-clicking the feature
within the Desktop Browser.
For concepts and procedures about the fillet enhancements, see Filleting
Parts in online Help.
Copy Feature
Part features can now be copied from one location on the active part to
another, or from one part to another. You have the option of flipping the new
feature. You can also choose to edit the new feature without affecting the
original.
For concepts and procedures, see Copying Features in online Help.
New Features
17
Shelled Parts
The Mechanical Desktop gives you the ability to generate a hollow part, using
the new shell command. You can specify a constant wall thickness for all
faces, or you can override the wall thickness for selected faces. You can also
exclude faces from the shell by selecting them.
Use the tutorial in chapter 7 to create and edit a shelled part. See also Creating
Shelled Features in online Help.
Combined Parts
Parts can now be parametrically combined. You can perform Boolean operations such as cut, combine, and intersect on the combined parts. Both parts
used to create the new combined part can also be edited at any time because
the Boolean operation is parametric.
Use the tutorial in chapter 9 to combine parts with parametric Boolean features.
For detailed concepts and procedures, see also Combining Parts in online
Help.
Table-driven Parts
You can also control a part using information from an external spreadsheet.
By defining dimensions using variables, you can then set up a spreadsheet
with various versions of the part. After the spreadsheet is linked to your
drawing, you can easily resize your part by selecting the version you need.
For concepts and procedures, see Creating Table-driven Parts in online
Help.
Dimensioning Improvements
Mechanical Desktop 2.0 gains a new dimension formatter and four new
dimensioning commands: join, align, insert, and break. You may change the
properties of existing dimensions and see them reflected in real time on your
drawing as you use the dialog boxes to make your selections.
Mechanical Symbology
Improved drawing annotation capabilities are provided in the following key
areas: datum targets, datum identifiers, feature control frames, feature identifiers, and surface texture and welding symbols. AutoCAD treats all of the
new symbols as intelligent objects. These symbols comply fully with international drafting standards.
Chapter 2
18
Part Modeling
Many mechanical designs consist of complex assemblies made from angular
shaped parts. This type of design work can be made easier by part and assembly
modeling capabilities that are well integrated. The Mechanical Desktop is a 3D
parametric solid modeler with both part and assembly modeling abilities. You
can use the Mechanical Desktop to model piece parts and then combine them
into more complex assemblies.
With the Mechanical Desktop, you design a part by sketching its component
shapes and defining their size, shape, and interrelationships. By successively
creating these shapes, called features, you construct the part in a building
block fashion.
sketched shape
first feature
many features
Because the Mechanical Desktop has parametric features, you can change
one feature and all related features are automatically updated to reflect the
change and its effects throughout the part.
The Mechanical Desktop can be used to create angular shaped parts, to which
you can apply 3D surfaces to create hybrid parts consisting of a mixture of
angular and curved shapes. The Mechanical Desktop provides the ability to
create model designs with shapes of varying types.
19
You can apply surfaces to Mechanical Desktop parts and use them to cut
material from a solid to create the hybrid shapes that your design requires.
Assembly Modeling
You create assemblies from parts, either combined individually or grouped in
subassemblies. The Mechanical Desktop builds these individual parts and
subassemblies into an assembly in a hierarchical manner according to relationships defined by constraints.
exploded assembly
Chapter 2
20
Surface Modeling
If you are developing products that require the design of stamping dies, castings, or injection molds, surface modeling capability is important. The
Mechanical Desktops surfacing tools can create complex models from freeform shapes. These tools meet design requirements when free-form surfaces
are needed to represent contoured and sculpted surfaces, such as those found
in the interiors and exteriors of automobiles.
21
Surfaces created with the Mechanical Desktop are based on NURBS (nonuniform rational B-spline) curves that serve as wireframes and can be manipulated into different surface types. Create your design by combining these
different surfaces into fewer, but more complex, surfaces.
Some design processes create wireframe models as part of the conceptual design
work. Creating surfaced versions of these models provides many benefits for
subsequent design and manufacturing activities, such as the generation of sections for engineering and packaging studies, input for finite element modeling
and analysis, and input for rapid prototyping equipment.
Use the Mechanical Desktop to convert your wireframe models into surfaced
models by using the following general modeling process:
Use the tutorials in chapters 12, 13, and 14 to practice surface modeling
techniques.
Chapter 2
22
Design Documentation
Often, drawings and documentation are the true products of design because
they guide the manufacture of a mechanical device. Because the Mechanical
Desktop tools reside within AutoCAD, a full set of drawing capabilities is available. But the Mechanical Desktops documentation abilities do not end there.
The Mechanical Desktop adds an important dimension to drawing creation:
it does most of the work for you. Traditional 2D orthographic, isometric,
auxiliary, section, and detail views of parts and assemblies can be automatically created.
The Mechanical Desktop creates these views complete with dimensions
derived from the models. You can then add annotations or more dimensions.
Because the views are derived from the models, the Mechanical Desktop
updates them as you make changes to your models. These Desktop drawing
features save you time so that you can focus on providing more consistent,
complete, and useful documentation that better supports the manufacturing
process.
Another feature of the Mechanical Desktops documentation tools is the
ability to create exploded scenes of assemblies complete with associated
BOMs that are parametrically updated as the assembly changes.
The Mechanical Desktop helps you create part drawings, assembly drawings,
and BOMs to document your design. Create design documents by using the
following general process:
Data Exchange
The design cycle is a long and complex process that can be served by tools
from many computer-aided design (CAD) vendors. Because you may want to
complement the use of the Mechanical Desktop tools with other CAD software, the Autodesk IGES Translator (AIT) is contained within the Mechanical
Desktop. The Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) is the ANSI standard for data exchange between CAD systems and is supported by many CAD
vendors.
23
The AIT complies with the latest version of IGES and related standards. It
supports both the United States Department of Defense Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support (CALS) initiative and the Japanese Automotive
Manufacturers Association (JAMA) subset of IGES.
Besides creating and maintaining a flexible CAD tool environment, the AIT
preserves the investment you have made in legacy data from previous
designs developed with other CAD systems.
The AIT supports the following types of design objects:
Chapter 2
24
Help
Desktop Tools toolbar
Desktop Browser
Using Help
Online Help contains all the information about the new features in this
release. To get Help, click the ? button on the Mechanical Desktop toolbar or
choose Mechanical Desktop Help Topics from the Help menu.
The information in online Help has been designed for you to find solutions
while you design with the software. Help is available for the different kinds
of information you need: conceptual, procedural, and reference. Each category of information is linked to the others. For example, every step-by-step
How To... topic is linked to its underlying key concept and to the appropriate commands.
Help is full of graphics that demonstrate how the features work. The Quick
Preview contains short videos that demonstrate some of the important new
features. Videos for other topics are accessible through a Show Me button.
25
The step-by-step procedures contain drawings that pop up when you click
the ? button within the step being illustrated.
Hot Tips topics summarize the enhancements in this release that are designed
to improve your productivity, to get the most out of the Mechanical Desktop.
From online Help, you can access the same tutorials that are printed in this
manual. Go to the Mechanical Desktop Tutorials, under the Tutorials heading.
You can find any Help topic by typing a word in the Search box in the Help
Index or by scanning for it in the Help Contents. The Help Index links you
to all Mechanical Desktop and AutoCAD Help topics.
Issuing Commands
You can issue commands in several ways: selecting toolbar icons, selecting
options from menus, entering the command name on the command line, or
entering an abbreviation of the command, called an accelerator key, on the
command line.
Using Toolbars
Toolbars have icons to represent frequently used commands, settings, and
environments. You can choose an icon instead of selecting a command from
a menu or entering its name on the command line. When you pause with
the mouse selection arrow on an icon, the command action is shown at the
bottom of the screen. A tooltip also appears under the mouse pointer. Click
the left mouse button to select the command.
Chapter 2
26
Some icons have a subtoolbar (flyout) with related icons. If the icon has a
small arrow in the lower right corner, drag the mouse to reveal the additional
icons, and then select one.
To hide a toolbar, click the button in its upper left corner. To redisplay it,
right-click any toolbar. In the Toolbars dialog box, find the toolbar to redisplay and click the dialog box to the left of its description. The toolbar is automatically redisplayed.
To reorient the Mechanical Desktop toolbars to their default positions,
choose View Desktop Tools Left. If you prefer the toolbars at the right of
your screen, choose Desktop Tools Right.
Along with the four toolbars, the Desktop Browser appears in a docked position at the left of your screen. You can change its shape and size by dragging
it on your screen. To return it to its docked position, drag it back to the left
side of your screen. If you prefer, the Desktop Browser can also be docked to
the right of your screen.
You may want to view larger toolbar icons. To do so, right-click any toolbar
and select Large Icons at the bottom left of the Toolbars dialog box.
If you choose Large Buttons and wish to display the toolbars in a docked position, either in the screen header area, above the command line, or at either
side of the screen, some toolbar icons may not be visible. In that case, you
may want to drag the toolbar onto the screen.
Using Menus
To select a menu option, double-click. To access a submenu, hold down the
left mouse button while you navigate through the menu. When you find the
command you want to use, release the mouse button.
You can also access menu commands by using the keyboard. Hold down ALT
while selecting the underlined letter of the menu option. For example, to
select AMPROFILE from the keyboard, press ALT, then P, S, P.
27
Chapter 2
28
Function
Command
Draws an arc
ARC
Splits an object
BREAK
Draws a circle
CIRCLE
DVIEW
Erases
ERASE
ZOOM/FIT
Extrudes a profile
AMEXTRUDE
XLINE
Freezes a layer
LAYER/FREEZE
XLINE
AMTWEAK
Draws a line
LINE
Moves a selection
MOVE
AMNEW
Thaws a layer
LAYER/THAW
PAN
AMDWGVIEW
REDRAW
Draws a spline
SPLINE
MTEXT
UNDO
Restores a view
DDVIEW
AMMODE
29
Chapter 2
30
Key
Function
Command
Zooms out
ZOOM
AMTRAIL
Zooms
ZOOM
aa
Updates an assembly
AMASSEMBLE
bb
Activates an assembly
AMACTIVATE
cc
Constrains an assembly
AMCONSTRAIN
dd
UCS
ee
DDEMODES
ff
Zooms extents
ZOOM/EXTENTS
gg
Revolves a profile
AMREVOLVE
hh
AMHOLE
ii
AMPARDIM
jj
AMADDCON
kk
AMDELTWEAKS
ll
Edits a feature
AMEDITFEAT
mm
nn
Manages assemblies
AMCATALOG
oo
Updates a part
AMUPDATE
pp
AMPROFILE
AMEDITVIEW
rr
REGENALL
ss
AMSKPLN
tt
Trims an object
TRIM
Function
Command
uu
UCS/VIEW
vv
Sets visibility
AMVISIBLE
ww
AMVARS
xx
Zooms in
ZOOM
yy
AMDELTRAIL
zz
Realtime zoom
ZOOM/REALTIME
One viewport
Two viewports
Three viewports
Four viewports
Top view
55
Bottom view
5d
5u
Front view
66
Back view
6d
6u
Right view
77
Left view
7d
7u
Isometric view
31
Chapter 2
32
Key
Function
88
Isometric SW view
Hides
Rotates left
Rotates right
Rotates up
Rotates down
Command