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THE LARYNX, NASAL

CAVITY and PARANASAL


SINUSES
B. L. Manion, Ph.D.

OBJECTIVES for the Larynx


Be able to describe the major cartilages
of the larynx.
Be able to describe the laryngeal aditus
and its relationship to the
laryngopharynx.
Be able to describe the major
membranes and ligaments associated
with the larynx.

OBJECTIVES for the Larynx


Be able to describe the muscles
associated with the larynx.
Be able to describe the laryngeal cavity.
Be able to describe the passage of air
through the larynx.
Be able to relate the anatomy of the
larynx to clinical situations.

OBJECTIVES for the Larynx


Be able to describe the vascularization
and innervation of the larynx.

The Laryngeal Cartilages


Epiglottic Cartilage
Hyoid Bone
Thyrohyoid Membrane

Opening for Internal


Laryngeal N. and
Superior Laryngeal
Vessels to supply
vestibule of the larynx

Thyroid Cartilage

Cricothyroid Ligament
Synovial joint between
thyroid and cricoid cartilages

Cricoid Cartilage
First Tracheal Ring

Cricotracheal Ligament
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

The Laryngeal Cartilages

A tracheostomy is a
permanent situation where
the tracheal mucosa is
brought into continuity with
the skin and they are sutured
together

Cricothyroid Ligament
Emergency cricothyrotomies
are done here

A tracheotomy is usually
done by cutting through
the second or third
tracheal rings

First Tracheal Ring

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

The Laryngeal Cartilages


Epiglottic Cartilage

Arytenoid Cartilage

Thyroid Cartilage

Cricoid Cartilage

Posterior fibromuscular
wall of trachea - fits
against the esophagus
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

First Tracheal Ring

The Laryngeal Cartilages


Synovial joint between
cricoid and thyroid cartilages

Arytenoid Cartilage

The rotational movements of the


arytenoid cartilage caused by
intrinsic laryngeal mm. can finely
adjust the tension in the vocal
ligaments and change the space
(rima glottitis) between the vocal
cords

Cricoid Cartilage

Thyroid Cartilage
Elastic Cone
Vocal Ligament
Tilting of cricoid cartilage on the
thyroid cartilage caused by the
cricothyroid m. grossly adjusts
the tension in the vocal ligament

The Laryngeal Inlet


Soft palate

Pharyngeal tongue

Epiglottis
Aryepiglottic Fold
Posterior view of pharynx
by cutting posterior wall
of pharynx

Laryngeal Inlet or
Aditus

Piriform Recess
Thyroid gland
Esophagus

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

The Laryngeal Cavity


Pharyngeal tongue

Hyoid Bone

Epiglottis
Aryepiglottic Fold
Vestibular Fold

Vestibule

Thyrohyoid Ligament
Thyroid Cartilage
Ventricle

Infraglottic Cavity

Cricoid Cartilage

Vocal Fold
1st tracheal ring
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

The Laryngeal Cavity


Vestibular Ligament

Vocal Ligament

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Cricothyroid M.
Action is to stretch and
tense vocal ligament innervation by external
laryngeal n. (CN X)

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Air Passageway

Aryepiglottic Fold

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Air Passageway
Rima Glottidis

Vocal fold

Arytenoid Cartilage

Thyroid
Cartilage
Cricoid
Cartilage

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Air Passageway
Position of
vocal folds
during
respiration

Epiglottis

Cricoid cartilage

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Air Passageway
Position of
vocal folds
during
phonation

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Vascularization and Innervation


Glossopharyngeal N.

Superior
Laryngeal N.
Superior Laryngeal A.
from superior thyroid a.

Internal
Laryngeal N.
sensory to vestibule

Inferior Laryngeal A.
from inferior thyroid a. a
branch of the thyrocervical
trunk
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Recurrent
Laryngeal N.
sensory to infraglottic area
and motor to intrinsic
laryngeal mm. except
cricothyroid

Vascularization and Innervation


Accessory N.

Vagus N.
Hypoglossal N.
Glossopharyngeal N.
Superior Laryngeal N.

Internal Laryngeal N.

External
laryngeal N.
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

OBJECTIVES for the NASAL


CAVITY and PARANASAL
SINUSES
Be able to describe the boundaries of
the nasal cavity.
Be able to the describe the nasal
meatuses.
Be able to describe the paranasal
sinuses and their drainage.

The Nasal Cavity

Anterior Nasal or
Middle Nasal Concha

Inferior Nasal Concha

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Piriform Aperture
Bony Nasal Septum

The Nasal Cavity


Crista Galli

Perpendicular Plate of
the Ethmoid Bone

Cribriform Plate
Cartilaginous
Septum

Hard Palate

Vomer

Palatine Bone
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

The Nasal Cavity


Crista Galli

Middle
Nasal
Meatus

Middle Nasal
Concha

Inferior Nasal
Meatus
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Inferior Nasal Concha

The Nasal Cavity

Superior Nasal Concha


Middle Nasal Concha
Inferior Nasal Concha

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

The Nasal Cavity


Nasal Septum covered by
mucous membrane

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

The Nasal Cavity


Superior Nasal Concha
Middle Nasal
Concha
Superior
Nasal
Meatus

Inferior
Nasal
Concha

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Middle Nasal
Meatus

Inferior Nasal
Meatus

The Nasal Cavity

Internal Nasal
Choanae
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

The Paranasal Sinuses

Frontal Sinus

Ethmoidal Sinuses
Maxillary Sinus

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

The Paranasal Sinuses


Frontal
Sinus

Ethmoidal
Sinuses
Maxillary
Sinus
Sphenoidal
Sinus

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

The Paranasal Sinuses


Frontal Sinus

Ethmoidal
Sinuses

Maxillary Sinus

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

The Paranasal Sinuses

Frontal Sinus

Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,


13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Sphenoidal Sinus

The Paranasal Sinuses


Ethmoidal Sinus
Frontal Sinus

Superior

Middle

Sphenoethmoidal
Recess

Nasal Meatuses

Sphenoidal
Sinus

Inferior
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

The Paranasal Sinuses


Ethmoid Sinuses (some)

Sphenoidal
Sinus

Frontal
Sinuses

Ethmoidal
Sinuses (some)
Maxillary Sinus
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM

Nasolacrimal Duct

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