FUNDAMENTALS IN NURSING ( ACTUAL BOARD QUESTIONS)

1.

Nurse Suzie is administering 12:00 PM medication in ward IV, Two patients have to receive Lanoxin. What
should nurse Suzie do when one of the clients DO NOT have a readable identification band?
a. Ask the client if she is Mrs. Santos?
b. Ask the client his name.
c. Ask the room mate if client is Mrs. Santos
d. Compare the ID band with the name tag.

2.

Lizette, a head nurse in the surgical unit, hears one of the staff nurses say that she does not touched any
client assigned to her unless she performs nursing procedures or conducts physical assessment. To guide the
staff nurse in the use of touch, which of the following would be the BEST response of Lizette?
a. Use touch when situation calls for it.
b. Touch serves as a connection between the nurse and the patient
c. Use touch with discretion.
d. Touch is used in physical assessment.

3.

You are asked to teach the client, Mr. Lapuz, whos has right sided weakness the use of cane. Which
observation will indicate that Mr. Lapuz is using the cane correctly?
a. The cane and one foot or both feet are on the floor at all times.
b. He advances the cane followed by the left leg
c. Client keeps the cane on the right side along with the left leg.
d. Client leans on the left side which is stronger.

4.

George, a 43 year old executive, is scheduled for cardiac bypass surgery. While being prepared for the
surgery, he says to the nurse, I am not going to have the surgery. I may die because of the risk. Which
response by the nurse is the most important?
a. Without the surgery you will most likely die sooner.
b. There are always risks involved with surgery
c. There is a client in the other room who had successful surgery and you talk to him.
d. This must be frightening to you. Tell me how you feel about the surgery?

5.

A client is ordered to take Lasix, a diuretic, to be taken daily. Which of the following is an appropriate
instruction by the nurse?
a. Report to the physician the effects of the medication on urination.
b. Take the medicine early in the morning
c. Take a full glass of water with the medicine
d. Measure frequency of urination in 24 hrs.

6.

Nurse Glenda gets a call from a neighbor who tells her that his 3 year old daughter has been vomiting and
has fever and asks for advice. Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the nurse?
a.
b.
c.
d.

7.

Observe the child for an hour

Recommend to bring the child immediately to the hospital
Assess the child, recommend observation and administer acetaminophen
Tell the neighbor to observe the child and give plenty of fluids. If the child does not improve, bring the
child to the hospital

Wilfred, 30 yearl old male, was brought to the hospital due to injuries sustained from a vehicular accident.
While being transported to the X-ray department, the straps suddenly broke and the client fell to the floor
hitting his head. In this situation, the nurse is:
a. Not responsible because of the doctrine of respondeat superior
b. Free from any negligence that caused harm to the client

c. Liable along with the employer for the use of defective equipment that harms the client
d. Totally responsible for the negligence.
8.

While going on evening round, nurse Edna saw Mrs. Pasqual medidating and afterwards started singing
prayerful hymns. What is the BEST response for Edna?
a.
b.
c.
d.

9.

Ignore the incidence

Report the incidence to the head nurse
Respect the clients actions as this provides structure to the client
Call her attention so she can go to sleep

A client ask for advice on low cholesterol food. You advise the client the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Chicken liver, cow liver, eggs

Lean beef and pork, egg white, fish
Balut, salted egg, duck and chicken eggs
Pork liempo, cow brain, lungs and kidney

10. The code of ethics for nurses has an interpretative statement that provides:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Continuity of care for the improvement of the client

Guide for carrying out nursing responsibilities that provide quality care for the ethical obligation of the
profession
Standards of care in in carrying out nursing responsibilities
Identical care to all clients in any setting

11. Which of the following situation would possibly cause a nurse to be used due to negligence?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Nurse gave a client wrong medication and an hour later, client complained of dyspnea
While preparing medication, the nurse notices instead of 1 tablet, she put two tablets into the clients
medicine cap
As the nurse was about to administer the medication, the client questioned why the medication when
the fact that the physician discontinued it.
Nurse administered 2 tablets of analgesic instead of 1 tablet prescribed. Patient noticed the error and
complained

12. Your nurse supervisor asks you who among the following clients is most susceptible to getting infection if
admitted to the hospital?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Diabetic client type 2

Client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Client with second degree burns
Client with psoriasis

13. Mr. Chris Martinez has been confined for three days. His wife helped to take care of him and has observed
her to be too involved in his care. He complained to the head nurse about this. Which of the following
would be the BEST response of the nurse?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Dont worry. I will call the attention of your wife

Your wife is just trying to help because she is worried about you
What are your thoughts about your wifes involvement in your care?
Your wife can assist you well in your care and recovery

14. The nurse is in the hospital canteen and hears two staff nurses talking about the client confined in ROOM
612. They mentioned his name and discussed details of his condition. Which of the following actions
should the nurse take?

a.
b.
c.
d.

Approach the two nurses and tell them that their action are inappropriate especially in a public place.
Wait till the nurses finished the discussion and report the situation to the supervisor
Say nothing to avoid embarrassing the staff nurses
Remain quiet and ignore the discussion

15. The son of Mr. Rosario, a 76 year old man, reports to the nurse in the community health center that his
father has been getting out of bed at night and walks around the house in the early hours of the morning
causing him to fall and injure himself. Which instruction would you give?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Apply restraints during the night hours only

Advise hospitalization to prevent future accidents
Keep a radio or TV for company and orient to the client
Have someone check on the client frequently at night

Preparation and administration of medication is a nursing function that cannot be delegated. It is important
that a nurse has a deep understanding of this responsibility that is made to save patients lives
16. You are to administer an intramuscular injection to Dulce, 1 year old girl. The most appropriate to
administer drug is:
a. Dorso gluteal region
b. Ventral forearm
c. Vastus lateralis
d. Gluteal region
17. An infant is ordered to receive 500 ml of D5NSS for 24 hrs. The intravenous drip is running at 60 drops per
minute. How many drops per minute should the flow rate be?
a.
b.
c.
d.

60 drops per minute

21 drops per minute
30 drops per minute
15 drops per minute

18. Following surgery, Henry is receive 20 mEqs of potassium chloride to be added to 1000 ml of D5W to run
for 8 hrs. Intravenous infusion set to calibrated at 20 drops per ml. How many drops per minute should the
rate be to infuse 1 liter of D5W for 8 hrs?
a.
b.
c.
d.

42 drops
20 drops
60 drops
32 drops

19. Mr. Largo is to receive 1 L of D5LR to run for 12 hours. The drop factor of the IV infusion set is 10 drops
per minute. Approximately, how many drops per minute should the IV be regulated?
a.
b.
c.
d.

13 to 14 drops
17 to 18 drops
10-12 drops
15 to 16 drops

20. The physician ordered Nemutal Na grain XX. The bottle contains 100 mg per capsule. How many capsules
will be administered to the client?
a.
b.

1 capsule
1 and capsule

c.
d.

2 capsules
capsule

The nurse supervisor is observing the staff nurses in her hospital to see how quality of care provided to the client can
be improved.
21. The nurse supervisor is not satisfied with the bed bath that is provided by Nurse Arthur. To improve care
provided to the patients in the unit by Nurse Arthur, the nurse supervisor would:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Tell the nurse how to give bed bath correctly

Ask another staff nurse to do bed bath instead
Provide a manual to be read on giving bed baths
Bring the staff nurse to a clients room and demonstrate a cleansing bed bath

22. The staff nurse discusses with the novice nurse the type of wound dressing that is best to use for a client.
Together, they observe how well the dressing absorb the drainiage. In what step of the decision making
process are they?
a. Testing options
b. Considering effects on results
c. Defining problem
d. Making final decisions
23. To check if the nurse under the supervision use critical thinking, Mrs. David observes if the nurse
responsively when at work. Which of the following actions of a nurse demonstrates the attitude of
responsibility?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Thinking of alternative methods of nursing care

Sharing ideas regarding patient care
Following standards of practice
Planning other approaches for patient care

24. The nurse who makes clinical judgement can be depended upon to improve the quality of care of client.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Roman, a client who is ambulatory and surgery for tomorrow

A post-operative client, Rey, who has blood pressure of 90/50 mmHg
Mr. Abad, a client who needs instructions for home medications
Fred, a client who received pain medication 5 minutes ago

25. A good nursing care plan is dependent on a correctly written nursing diagnosis. It defines a clients problem
and its possible cause. The following is an example of a well written nursing diagnosis:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Acute pain related to altered skin integrity secondary to hysterectomy

Electrolyte imbalance related to hypocalcemia
Altered nutrition related to high fat intake secondary to obesity
Knowledge deficit related to proctosigmoidoscopy
You are taking care of Mrs. Leyla, 66 years old, who is terminally ill with ovarian cancer stage IV

26. When caring for a dying client you will perform which of the following activities?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Encourage the client to reach optimum health

Assist client perform activities of daily living
Assist client towards peaceful death
Motivate client to gain independence

27. The client prepares for her eventual death and discusses with the nurse and her family how she would like
her funeral to look like and what dress she would use. The client is in the stage of:
A. Acceptance
B. Resolution
C. Denial
D. Bargaining
28. Mrs. Leyba is emaciated and is at risk for developing which problem in skin integrity?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Blisters
Reddening of the skin
Pressure sores
Pustules

29. You are assigned to work in an orthopedic ward where clients are expected to have problems in mobility
and immobility.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Put the client to the edge of the bed and place the wheel of the chair at the back
Face the client and place the wheel chair on his left side
Put the client on the edge of the bed and place the wheel chair on the other side of the bed
Put the client on the edge of the bed and place the wheel char on the clients left side

30. Which of the following supportive devices can be used effectively by Nurse Arnold to prevent external
rotation of the right leg?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Sandbags
Firm Matress
Pillow
High Footboard

31. Mr. Lozano, 50 year old executive, is recovering from severe myocardial infarction. For the past 3 days,
Mr. Lozanos hygiene and grooming needs have been met by the staff nurse. Which of the following
activities should be implemented to achieve goal of independence for Mr. Lozano?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Involving family members

Meeting his needs till he is ready to perform self-care
Preparing a day to day activity list to be followed by client
Involving Mr. Manzano on his care

32. A diabetic hypertensive client, Mr. Linao, needs a change in diet to improve her health status. She could be
referred as:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Nutritionist
Dietician
Physician
Medical Pathologist

33. To provide safe nursing care to various clients in any setting, the most important tool of the nurse is:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Critical thinking to decide appropriate nursing actions

Understanding of various nursing diagnoses
Observation skills for data collection
Possession of scientific knowledge about client needs

34. The effectiveness of your nursing care plan for your client is determined by:
a.
b.
c.
d.

The number of nursing procedure performed to comfort the client

The amount of medications administered to the client as ordered
The number of times the client calls the nurse
The outcome of nursing interventions based on plan of care

35. You are assigned to Mrs. Amado, age 49, who was admitted for possible surgery. She complained of
recurrent pain at the right upper quadrant of the abdomen 1-2 hrs after the ingestion of fatty food. She also
had frequent bouts of dizziness, blood pressure of 170/100 mmHg and hot flashes. Which of the above
symptoms would be an objective cue?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Blood pressure of 170/100 mmHg

Complaint of hot flashes
Report of pain after the ingestion of fatty food
Complaint of frequent bouts of dizziness

Errors while providing nursing care to patient must be avoided and minimized at all times, Effective management of
available resources unable the nurse to provide safe quality patient care.
36. In hospital where you work, increased incidence of medication error was identified as number one problem
in the unit. During the brainstorming session of the nursing service department, causes were identified.
Which of the following process is related?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Interruption
Use of unofficial behavior
Lack of knowledge
Failure to identify client

37. Miscommunication of drug orders was identified as probable causes of medication error. Which of the
following is a safe medication practice related to this?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Maintain medication in each unit package until point of actual administration

Note both generic and brand name of the medication in the Medication Administration record
Only officially approved abbrevations maybe used in prescription orders
Encourage client to ask question about there medication

Mr. Joses chart is the permanent legal recording of all information that relates to his health care management.
38. Mr. Joses chart contains all the information about his health care. The functions of records include all the
following EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Means of communication that health care team members use to communicate their contributions to the
clients health care.
The client record also shows the document how much health care agencies will be reimbursed for their
services
Educational resource for student of nursing and medicine
Recording of actions in advance to save time

39. The advantage of automated or computerized client care system is:

a.
b.
c.
d.

The nursing diagnoses of clients data can be accurately determined

Cost of confinement will be reduced
Information concerning the client can be easily updated
The number of people to take care of the client will be reduced

40. Nursing audit aims to:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Provide research data to hospital personnel

Study clients illness and treatment closely
Compare actual nursing done to establish standards
Provide information to health care providers

41. You join a continuing education program to help you:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Earn credits for license renewal

Get in touch with colleagues in nursing
Enhance you with basic knowledge
Update your knowledge and skills to field of interest

42. Rudolf is diagnosed with amoebiasis and is to receive Metronidazole (Flagyl) tablets 1.5 gm daily in 3
divided doses for 7 consecutive days. Which of the following is the correct dose of the drug that the client
will receive per oral administration?
a.
b.
c.
d.

1000 mg tid
500 mg tid
1500 mg tid
250 mg tid

43. Rhona, a 2 year old female was prescribed to receive 62.5 mg suspension three times a day. The available
dose is 125 mg/ml. Which of the following should nurse Paulo prepare for each oral dose?
a.
b.
c.
d.

5ml,
1.25 ml
2.5 ml
10 ml

44. The physician ordered potassium chloride in D5W to be infused in 24 hrs for Mrs. Gomez. Since Potassium
Chloride is a high risk drug, Nurse Robert used an IV pump. Which of the following should nurse Robert to
do safely administer this drug?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Check the pump setting every 2 hrs

Teach the client how the infusion pump operates
Have another nurse check the infusion pumps setting
Set the alarm of the pump loud enough to be heard.

A nurse is taking care of a 32 year old client who is diagnosed with Type 2 dibetes
45. In establishing an exercise program for the client with diabetes, you would most likely tencourage your
client to:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Swim
Play tennis
Run
Play Basketball

46. A patient who was taken cared by the nurse for 3 days wrote her a personal letter thanking her of the
warmth and extraordinary concern shown by the nurse. The patient is demonstrating which of the
following criteria in communication?

a.
b.
c.
d.

Feedback
Efficiency
Flexibility
Approriateness

47. Communication can BEST understood as:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Mutual interchange of ideas in which the opinion of all participants are modified
Establishment of rapport and symphaty between persons through oral and written language
Involvement of two or more persons in reciprocal exchange of information
The transmission of ideas from sender to receiver with little or no distortion

Data gathering is essential for appropriate nursing practice.

48. Twenty minutes after administering pain medication to the client, the nurse returns to ask if the client level
of pain has decreased. The nurse is engaging in which phase of nursing process?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Diagnosing
Planning
Implementing
Evaluating

49. In giving change of shift report, which type of client information given by the nurse is the most informative
and complete?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Vital signs are stable

Client is pleasant, alert and oriented 3x
The x-ray result were negative
Client voided 250 ml of urine after catheter was removed

50. An elevated temperature above normal is recorded as:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Pyrexia
Hypothermia
Afebrile
Hypertension

Pain is a highly unpleasant and very personal sensation that cannot be shared with others.
51. Pain is:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Easily measured and described

Associated only with acute illness and cultural factors
Rarely influenced by psychosocial and cultural factors
A protective mechanism or warning of tissue damaged

52. Mr. Pineda, a 55 year old executive is recovering from severe myocardial infarction. For the past 3 days,
Pinedas hygiene and grooming needs are met by the nursing staff. Which of the following activities should
be implemented to achieve the goal of independence for Mr. Lozano?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Meeting his need until he is ready to perform self care

Involving the patient in his care
Preparing a day to day list to be followed by the client
Involving family members in meeting clients personal needs

53. You are to administer a medication using a nasogastric tube. Before giving the medication, you should :
a.
b.
c.
d.

Crush the enteric coated pill for mixing in a liquid

Flush open the tube with 60ml of very warm water
Check the proper placement of the nasogastric tube
Take the clients vital signs

54. Gas pains are common post operative discomfort. Which of the follpwing nursing actions implemented in
the plan of care would be most likely to relieve gas pain?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Coughing and deep breathing every 2 hours

Maintain NPO status for 48 hrs
Encourage frequent ambulation
Take vital signs every 4 hrs

55. Which of the following surgical patient is greater risk for alterations in body image?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Female, age 19 years old, large facial laceration

Female, age 42 years old, gall bladder surgery
Male, 14 years old, fracture clavicle
Male, age 52 years old, hernia repair

56. The rationale for the use of leg exercises after surgery is that exercises:
A.
B.
C.
D.

Promote respiratory function

Maintain functional ability
Provide diversional activity
Increase venous return

57. Which of the following intervention would be appropriate in providing foot care for the patients.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Using Scissor to correct and ingrown nail

Trimming toenails as short as possible
Using an alcohol rub if the feet are dry
Bathing the feet at leat daily

58. What is the antidote for morphine toxicity?

59. What is the meaning of HEPA ( a specialized airfilter)

60. Can alcohol kill tetanus spores? Yes or No