Technical College of Applied Studies

Department: Information technology

Term Paper
Subject: English language 2
Topic: INTERNET

abac 2015

Contents
1.Introduction........................................................................................................
1

2. History of Internet..............................................................................................
3. Protocol/WWW..................................................................................................
4.Social networks..................................................................................................
5.Conclusion.........................................................................................................
6.Literature............................................................................................................

1.Introduction
There are a great number of people in the world who used Internet, but not many of
them really know the definition of Internet itself.
It is actually a worldwide network which connects people from around the world on a
daily basis.
Protocols and browsers make up the Internet and also have a lot to do with how the
Internet works.
The Internet was made in the United States by the "United States Department of
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" (ARPA). It was first connected in
October, 1969.
The World Wide Web was created at CERN in Switzerland in 1989 by a British (UK)
man named Tim Berners-Lee.

2. History of Internet
In late 1966 Roberts went to DARPA to develop the computer network concept and
quickly put together his plan for the "ARPANET", publishing it in 1967. At the conference
where he presented the paper, there was also a paper on a packet network concept
from the UK by Donald Davies and Roger Scantlebury of NPL. Scantlebury told Roberts
about the NPL work as well as that of Paul Baran and others at RAND. The RAND
group had written a paper on packet switching networks for secure voice in the military
in 1964. It happened that the work at MIT (1961-1967), at RAND (1962-1965), and at
NPL (1964-1967) had all proceeded in parallel without any of the researchers knowing
about the other work. In August 1968, after Roberts and the DARPA funded community
had refined the overall structure and specifications for the ARPANET, an RFQ was
released by DARPA for the development of one of the key components, the packet
switches called Interface Message Processors (IMP's). The RFQ was won in December
1968 by a group headed by Frank Heart at Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN). As the
BBN team worked on the IMP's with Bob Kahn playing a major role in the overall
ARPANET architectural design, the network topology and economics were designed
and optimized by Roberts working with Howard Frank and his team at Network Analysis
Corporation, and the network measurement system was prepared by Kleinrock's team
at UCLA. Due to Kleinrock's early development of packet switching theory and his focus
on analysis, design and measurement, his Network Measurement Center at UCLA was
selected to be the first node on the ARPANET. All this came together in September 1969
when BBN installed the first IMP at UCLA and the first host computer was connected.
Doug Engelbart's project on "Augmentation of Human Intellect" (which included NLS, an
early hypertext system) at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) provided a second
node.One month later, when SRI was connected to the ARPANET, the first host-to-host
message was sent from Kleinrock's laboratory to SRI.
Computers were added quickly to the ARPANET during the following years, and work
proceeded on completing a functionally complete Host-to-Host protocol and other
network software. In December 1970 the Network Working Group (NWG) working under
S. Crocker finished the initial ARPANET Host-to-Host protocol, called the Network
Control Protocol (NCP). As the ARPANET sites completed implementing NCP during the
period 1971-1972, the network users finally could begin to develop applications.
In October 1972, Kahn organized a large, very successful demonstration of the
ARPANET at the International Computer Communication Conference (ICCC). This was
the first public demonstration of this new network technology to the public. It was also in
1972 that the initial "hot" application, electronic mail, was introduced. In March Ray
Tomlinson at BBN wrote the basic email message send and read software, motivated by
the need of the ARPANET developers for an easy coordination mechanism. In July,
Roberts expanded its utility by writing the first email utility program to list, selectively
read, file, forward, and respond to messages. From there email took off as the largest
network application for over a decade. This was a harbinger of the kind of activity we
see on the World Wide Web today, namely, the enormous growth of all kinds of "peopleto-people" traffic.

3. Protocol / WWW
The Internet is a publicly accessible global computer network which connects together
computers and computer networks. The Internet is a "network of networks" that consists
of home, academic, business, military and government networks exchanging
information and services such as electronic mail, chat and file transfer.To make
computers communicate with each other within the network of any kind, should be on
the computer and network enabled system services (services), to allow for easy further
described services. The computer operating system is designed to know how to use
system services, but also to provide its services to the environment. Starting rank of any
communication within the local network and out of the TCP / IP protocol.
The latest information service (service) on the Internet. After the advent of 1993 today
with several tens of millions of web pages is a synonym for the Internet. The first two
words 'World Wide' mark worldwide distribution, and the last word 'Web' means a
network in the context of computing. The scope of various facilities on the WWW
servers is constantly growing. Almost everything can be found. Since the acquisition of
products, technical support, tips, papers, advertisements, price lists and who knows
what, depending on the site designated for the inspiration of their creator. So there are
useful and useless, beautiful and ugly, organized and unorganized. Their production
today is the extraordinary artistic and programmatic discipline.
WWW is a graphical hypertext mode use of the Internet that uses the HTTP protocol for
transferring web pages and other data via the Internet, in principle between the server
and the user's computer. Web sites write in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
language, and recognize them for that purpose designed the browser (Internet Explorer,
Firefox ...). Service provides hypertext links between documents and combined display
of text, images, sound and video, thus enables the integration of different information
content. Hypertext is a document or a system with associated text units according to the
principle shown in the figure below.

Principle of linking websites couplings

Web pages are typically placed on the servers that allow other Internet services like
mail and the like. The servers are in operation almost continuously, and each of them
has its own unique address URL ( Uniform Resource Locator) and is one
HEADQUARTERS web content
5

4.Social networks
Social networks (social networking) are a newer phenomenon and do not fall into a
separate category because they contain almost all of the above services, integrated
to work in an easy and friendly way. Not only that enable communication among
users already represent a form of socializing. There are already quite developed
Forums , a web version of a bulletin board that uses technology exchange text via the
web site or the web interface. This is a discussion on any topic that is initiated by a
member of the forum. As a rule, seek to become members, mostly free of charge,
using the application type Username / Password, normally associated with a user's
address in the electronic mail regarding the identification. In order to service the
forum would not be abused in any way and to respect the rules of acceptable
behavior take care administrators - moderators appointed by the owner of the forum
members themselves forum, which is usually to the liability voluntarily report. Those
individuals may be excluded from membership and delete and delete improper
content, basically supervise. Depending on the number of members, topic, transport
and owner of the forum depends with how server software support forums use.
One of the most popular is FACEBOOK , social network where users can set up your
image, publish your personal information, describe their interests, disclose their written
and photographic creations, to develop some kind of thematic debates and the like with
the possibility that any of the members receives the 'my 'group or to get out of it off. A
sort of meeting place, it is even possible to initiate effective political, protest,
humanitarian or other actions. A similar purpose has TWITTER , social network and
microblogging service, using instant messaging, SMS or web content. There are also '
LinkedIn ',' MySpace ',' Tumblr ',' Instagram 'and the other, each with its own
characteristics. What makes them particularly characterized by an enormously rapid
dissemination of information, and misinformation. Therefore, the negative effects are
possible.
Very specific Internet service is YOUTUBE . It is used to exchange video content where
users can post, view and rate videos, even to the ' Full HD 'resolution, while respecting
copyrights. It is forbidden to support pornography, violence, crime, disgrace and
defamation, as well as advertisements. For your own protection YouTube reserves the
right to use, modify and delete a set of content. In summary, one can find everything
from useful to useless content, but also very humorous or naughty and critical to
everyday events. Whether it's on film and music videos covering YouTube is to be free
medium for promoting a filmmaker, musician or politician, and there were cases in which
people this way gained popularity and then accepted by the traditional media such as
print, radio and television.Essentially all of the above are Web applications that typically
seek to become members to confirm the answer to the e-mail message sent to the
prospective member. Registration is usually the type Username / Password or E-MAIL /
password, and the user chooses who will be their personal data will be visible to all the
settings in your profile. But for such a network service one server is usually insufficient.
For their functioning care specifically related groups computer server; Data Center. The
forerunner of the above certainly were BBS -ovi from the time of modem
communications.
6

5.Conclusion
The user via their computer at work or at home by joining the Internet can:
Exchange of electronic mail (e-mail) with any Internet user at any location on the
planet.
Participate in off-line (indirectly, not in real time) discussions via e-mail with
people of similar interests through 'mailing list's' and 'News Group's'.
Participate live (in real time) in conversation with another person via the 'Internet
video phone' (like Skype), or audio-video conferences between multiple people
using it for the intended program support and equipment.
Participate in on-line (directly, in real time) discussions with a larger group of
people who use the "Internet Relay Chat" (IRC) service - chat rooms.
To work on a remote computer using the 'telnet' service. or by a function similar
to it.
Download files of any type (Download) from remote computers and to submit
files (upload) them with the help of an FTP (File Transfer Protocol) service.
Read complex documents using 'Hypertext'. By clicking on a keyword or image
on the screen the user automatically goes to other facilities within the same or
other domains.
Read multimedia documents that are on the WWW (World Wide Web) that
contain text, graphics, sound, and video using intelligent browsers, Web
presentations, like 'Google Chrome', 'Firefox or Internet Explorer' program
support .
Learning and practicing for the exam and achieve the appropriate certificates.
Search By using the Web browser documents, various WWW seats or over
dedicated global services, as 'Google' and 'Yahoo!', over subscribed keywords to
find the required documents.
Publicly disclose their images or pictures of their grandchildren, and who wants
to be and of punice.
Advertise your business in various ways, from setting up video clips to the
creation of your own website.
Paying bills through the 'Internet Banking'.
Buy and consume steam :-); advertise and offer to sell.
Read web editions of newspapers or say 'The Alphabet'.
Play simple games ..... and who knows what else

Today the Internet is so big, so powerful and pointless that for some people it is
a complete substitute for real life - Andrew Brown

6.Literatura